Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.13
Canan Doğan, H. Ünlü
In recent years, tomato breeding research, as in many vegetable species, has focused on improving the intrinsic quality of the fruit. To identify the superior lines in terms of biochemical properties, 20 early maturing tomato lines were evaluated. Yields of the lines used in this work ranged from 2.5 to 9.2 kg per plant, with average fruit weights between 86 and 246 g. Consequently, L* values for tomato fruit varied from 30.87 to 45.35, a* values from 8.36 to 21.48 and b* values from 15.28 to 42.17. The values of titratable acidity, pH, brix, total carotene, total xanthophyll, ascorbic acid, and lycopene in tomato fruits changed from 0.27 to 0.40%, from 3.75 to 4.95, from 2.60 to 6.30%, from 80.2 to 197.5 mg/100 g, from 115.3 to 256.6 mg/100 g, from 10.50 to 28.78 mg/100 g, and from 1.6 to 4.09 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of soluble and reducing sugars ranged from 7.31 to 17.51 mg/g and 2.46 to 6.57 mg/g respectively. According to these values, the lines with the highest biochemical properties were L7, L17 and L3. This data could then be used as a genetic resource in breeding programmes for the development of new varieties.
{"title":"Determination of some quality parameters in early maturing tomato lines","authors":"Canan Doğan, H. Ünlü","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, tomato breeding research, as in many vegetable species, has focused on improving the intrinsic quality of the fruit. To identify the superior lines in terms of biochemical properties, 20 early maturing tomato lines were evaluated. Yields of the lines used in this work ranged from 2.5 to 9.2 kg per plant, with average fruit weights between 86 and 246 g. Consequently, L* values for tomato fruit varied from 30.87 to 45.35, a* values from 8.36 to 21.48 and b* values from 15.28 to 42.17. The values of titratable acidity, pH, brix, total carotene, total xanthophyll, ascorbic acid, and lycopene in tomato fruits changed from 0.27 to 0.40%, from 3.75 to 4.95, from 2.60 to 6.30%, from 80.2 to 197.5 mg/100 g, from 115.3 to 256.6 mg/100 g, from 10.50 to 28.78 mg/100 g, and from 1.6 to 4.09 mg/100 g, respectively. The contents of soluble and reducing sugars ranged from 7.31 to 17.51 mg/g and 2.46 to 6.57 mg/g respectively. According to these values, the lines with the highest biochemical properties were L7, L17 and L3. This data could then be used as a genetic resource in breeding programmes for the development of new varieties.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-06DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.18
Belgin ALSANCAK SIRLI, Sema KALE ÇELİK, Hakan Yildiz, M. Aydoğdu
Water efficiency models are playing an increasingly important role in helping agricultural activities adapt to climate change. AquaCrop is one of the models that can accurately correlate water-plant-climate parameters. In this study, the effects of irrigation strategies (I1; rainfed, I2; irrigation at Germination (G)+Tillering (T)+Heading (H) stages, I3; irrigation at G+H stages, I4; irrigation at G+T stages) and sowing dates (SD1; normal sowing date, SD2; late sowing date) on winter wheat yield and soil water conditions were investigated in semi-arid climate conditions. Biomass, grain yield, soil water content and crop canopy cover values observed in field conditions and simulated by AquaCrop. According to results SD1 did not have a negative effect on grain yield and biomass however SD2 would significantly reduce grain yield and biomass amount. Considering the biomass and grain yields in terms of irrigation, the highest yield was obtained in the irrigation water applied during the I2SD1 treatment. The yield reduction was 39% in rainfed treatments, 22% when irrigated in G+T periods, and 5% when irrigated in G+H stages. The model predicted 2-year grain yield and biomass values more accurately in SD1 than in SD2. The model predicted yield, biomass, soil moisture content and canopy cover values with an acceptable accuracy.
{"title":"Yield prediction of wheat at different sowing dates and irrigation regimes using the AquaCrop model","authors":"Belgin ALSANCAK SIRLI, Sema KALE ÇELİK, Hakan Yildiz, M. Aydoğdu","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.18","url":null,"abstract":"Water efficiency models are playing an increasingly important role in helping agricultural activities adapt to climate change. AquaCrop is one of the models that can accurately correlate water-plant-climate parameters. In this study, the effects of irrigation strategies (I1; rainfed, I2; irrigation at Germination (G)+Tillering (T)+Heading (H) stages, I3; irrigation at G+H stages, I4; irrigation at G+T stages) and sowing dates (SD1; normal sowing date, SD2; late sowing date) on winter wheat yield and soil water conditions were investigated in semi-arid climate conditions. Biomass, grain yield, soil water content and crop canopy cover values observed in field conditions and simulated by AquaCrop. According to results SD1 did not have a negative effect on grain yield and biomass however SD2 would significantly reduce grain yield and biomass amount. Considering the biomass and grain yields in terms of irrigation, the highest yield was obtained in the irrigation water applied during the I2SD1 treatment. The yield reduction was 39% in rainfed treatments, 22% when irrigated in G+T periods, and 5% when irrigated in G+H stages. The model predicted 2-year grain yield and biomass values more accurately in SD1 than in SD2. The model predicted yield, biomass, soil moisture content and canopy cover values with an acceptable accuracy.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"44 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139185907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the effect of the combination of cadmium (Cd) and salinity (NaCl) stress in zinc (Zn) deficiency on growth, Cd accumulation in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum, cv. Balcali-2000), and micro (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) minerals differing in salt tolerance. The negative effects of Cd and NaCl stress on plant growth and Cd accumulation detected to alleviate Cd uptake on wheat growth increasing zinc application. The results revealed that Cd, NaCl and their combined stresses reduced shoots dry matter and Cd concentration in shoots increased compared to control pots. In increasing Cd and NaCl treatments, increasing Zn application significantly decreased the Cd concentration in shoot. In particularly, the decrease in Cd concentration was more noticeable with the improvement of Zn nutrition of plants at low doses of NaCl and Cd. The effect of increasing zinc treatments on reducing Cd accumulation decreased to slightly at high doses of Cd and NaCl. According to the results it can be suggested that Zn application to soils with low Cd content and medium salinity can be reduce Cd uptake by durum wheat.
一项研究在温室中进行，目的是调查缺锌时镉和盐度（NaCl）胁迫对硬质小麦（Triticum turgidum L. durum, cv. Balcali-2000）生长、镉积累以及耐盐性不同的微量（锌、铁、铜、锰）矿物质的影响。镉和氯化钠胁迫对植物生长和镉积累有负面影响，为了减轻镉吸收对小麦生长的影响，研究人员增加了锌的施用量。结果表明，与对照盆栽相比，镉、氯化钠及其联合胁迫降低了芽干物质，芽中的镉浓度增加。在镉和氯化钠胁迫增加的情况下，施锌量的增加显著降低了芽中的镉浓度。特别是在低剂量氯化钠和镉处理中，随着锌营养的改善，镉浓度的降低更为明显。在高剂量氯化镉和氯化钠条件下，增加锌处理对减少镉积累的作用略有下降。研究结果表明，在镉含量低、盐度中等的土壤中施用锌可以减少硬粒小麦对镉的吸收。
{"title":"The effect of zinc application on growth and alleviating shoot concentration of cadmium in durum wheat plant growth under conditions of salt and cadmium stress","authors":"F. Ozkutlu","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted in a greenhouse to investigate the effect of the combination of cadmium (Cd) and salinity (NaCl) stress in zinc (Zn) deficiency on growth, Cd accumulation in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum, cv. Balcali-2000), and micro (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) minerals differing in salt tolerance. The negative effects of Cd and NaCl stress on plant growth and Cd accumulation detected to alleviate Cd uptake on wheat growth increasing zinc application. The results revealed that Cd, NaCl and their combined stresses reduced shoots dry matter and Cd concentration in shoots increased compared to control pots. In increasing Cd and NaCl treatments, increasing Zn application significantly decreased the Cd concentration in shoot. In particularly, the decrease in Cd concentration was more noticeable with the improvement of Zn nutrition of plants at low doses of NaCl and Cd. The effect of increasing zinc treatments on reducing Cd accumulation decreased to slightly at high doses of Cd and NaCl. According to the results it can be suggested that Zn application to soils with low Cd content and medium salinity can be reduce Cd uptake by durum wheat.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"26 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138984081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.17
Çağla Özbek, B. Öncel
In this research, ground coffee beans were replaced with grape seed powder in different proportions. Thus, it was aimed to benefit from the health benefits of grape seeds and develop a new coffee formulation that is functional, low in caffeine and has a different taste and odor. For this purpose, the moisture, ash and crude fiber contents, antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of Besni karası (Vitis vinifera L.) grape seeds were examined. Grape seeds were ground and included in the coffee formulation in different proportions (0, 25, 40, 55%) with the same particle size. Physicochemical, bioactive and sensory properties of the produced coffee grounds were examined. As a result of the analyses, as the grape seed powder concentration increased in the coffee composition, the acidity decreased (p<0.05) and the antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds increased (p<0.05). The brightness (L*) of the samples increased depending on the grape seed powder composition and usage rate. As a result of the sensory analysis, it was determined that the samples with 25% grape seed powder added received the closest score to the control group, and the samples with 40-55% grape seed powder had the similar scores with the control group in terms of roughness. In our study, the nutritional composition of grape seeds, which are food waste in the industry, has been revealed that it can be used as a substitute product in coffee and will contribute to sustainability.
{"title":"Influences of grape seed substitution on the bioactive and sensory properties of brewed coffee","authors":"Çağla Özbek, B. Öncel","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.17","url":null,"abstract":"In this research, ground coffee beans were replaced with grape seed powder in different proportions. Thus, it was aimed to benefit from the health benefits of grape seeds and develop a new coffee formulation that is functional, low in caffeine and has a different taste and odor. For this purpose, the moisture, ash and crude fiber contents, antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of Besni karası (Vitis vinifera L.) grape seeds were examined. Grape seeds were ground and included in the coffee formulation in different proportions (0, 25, 40, 55%) with the same particle size. Physicochemical, bioactive and sensory properties of the produced coffee grounds were examined. As a result of the analyses, as the grape seed powder concentration increased in the coffee composition, the acidity decreased (p<0.05) and the antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds increased (p<0.05). The brightness (L*) of the samples increased depending on the grape seed powder composition and usage rate. As a result of the sensory analysis, it was determined that the samples with 25% grape seed powder added received the closest score to the control group, and the samples with 40-55% grape seed powder had the similar scores with the control group in terms of roughness. In our study, the nutritional composition of grape seeds, which are food waste in the industry, has been revealed that it can be used as a substitute product in coffee and will contribute to sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139274587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.11
Damla Demi̇r, Emin Burçin Özvural, Ülkü Ertuğrul, Ozan Tas, M. Öztop
In this study, it was aimed to decrease the animal fat content of the meat products without changing the quality of the products. To this end, emulsion gels prepared with sunflower oil and legume (pea, lentil, bean and chickpea) flours were utilized in place of 50% and 75% animal fat in the model meat system. The moisture (%) of the control was 71.28, but in the treatments the values were between 72.84 and 74.27. The protein amounts of the samples containing emulsion gels were in the range of 69.30-72.28 g /100 g dw, whilst the amount of control was 65.63 g /100 g dw. According to these results the moisture and protein amounts of the samples containing emulsion gels were similar to each other (p>0.05), but higher than the control (p<0.05). The fat content lowered in the experimental samples as expected (p<0.05). The pH values of the samples were 6.27-6.41 and similar to control in most of the samples (p>0.05). No significant difference was determined among the color (L * and b *) values and the water holding capacity (WHC) of the samples. The texture values (hardness, binding, flexibility, chewiness) of the products were similar to the control (p>0.05). NMR studies showed that there were differences in T2 relaxation times which is related to free moisture in the product (p<0.05). Morphological images of the treatments were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In general, substitution of animal fat with emulsion gels prepared with vegetable oil and legume flours at these amounts improved the nutritional properties of the products by increasing the protein amount and decreasing the fat content. Moreover, no undesirable effect was observed in the products such as water and oil leakage.
{"title":"Research on the characteristics of model meat systems with emulsion gels including different legume flours","authors":"Damla Demi̇r, Emin Burçin Özvural, Ülkü Ertuğrul, Ozan Tas, M. Öztop","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, it was aimed to decrease the animal fat content of the meat products without changing the quality of the products. To this end, emulsion gels prepared with sunflower oil and legume (pea, lentil, bean and chickpea) flours were utilized in place of 50% and 75% animal fat in the model meat system. The moisture (%) of the control was 71.28, but in the treatments the values were between 72.84 and 74.27. The protein amounts of the samples containing emulsion gels were in the range of 69.30-72.28 g /100 g dw, whilst the amount of control was 65.63 g /100 g dw. According to these results the moisture and protein amounts of the samples containing emulsion gels were similar to each other (p>0.05), but higher than the control (p<0.05). The fat content lowered in the experimental samples as expected (p<0.05). The pH values of the samples were 6.27-6.41 and similar to control in most of the samples (p>0.05). No significant difference was determined among the color (L * and b *) values and the water holding capacity (WHC) of the samples. The texture values (hardness, binding, flexibility, chewiness) of the products were similar to the control (p>0.05). NMR studies showed that there were differences in T2 relaxation times which is related to free moisture in the product (p<0.05). Morphological images of the treatments were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In general, substitution of animal fat with emulsion gels prepared with vegetable oil and legume flours at these amounts improved the nutritional properties of the products by increasing the protein amount and decreasing the fat content. Moreover, no undesirable effect was observed in the products such as water and oil leakage.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.14
Sultan Dere
Cold stress (low temperature stress) is one of the abiotic stress factors. It causes many morphological and physiological problems in plants. One of the applications to eliminate and alleviate these negative effects is molybdenum application. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of molybdenum application on cold stress in commercial variety Mazamort pepper. In the experiment, control, 25 ppm molybdenum concentration, 72 hours cold stress and 25 ppm molybdenum +72 hours cold stress applications were included. Pots of 2 L were used to grow the plants and the growing medium was a mixture of peat and perlite in a ratio of 2:1 by volume. Climatic chamber conditions were set to 24±1°C during the day and 18±1°C at night with 16/8 h light/dark photoperiodicity for control conditions and 24±1°C during the day and 5±1°C at night with photoperiodicity for cold stress conditions. The experiment was planned according to the random plots factorial design with 3 replications and 6 plants in each replicate. At the end of the study, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, plant fresh and dry weight, SPAD, wet basis moisture content, leaf proportional water content and ion leakage parameters were analysed. The highest plant height of Mazamort pepper variety was determined in 25 ppm molybdenum+72 hours cold stress application (44.51 cm). Application of 25 ppm molybdenum was effective in alleviating the negative effect of cold stress on plant stem diameter, plant fresh-dry weight and turgor potential. Moisture content wet basis was lowest in 25 ppm molybdenum +72 hours cold stress application. SPAD value in pepper plants decreased under cold stress conditions. It was observed that 25 ppm molybdenum application was ineffective and the decrease increased under cold stress conditions. Ion leakage in Mazamort pepper variety was highest under 72 hours cold stress and 25 ppm molybdenum +72 hours cold stress conditions. Under cold stress conditions, 25 ppm molybdenum application was ineffective. Molybdenum application under cold stress conditions was found to have positive effects on some parameters in general. In future studies, we believe that the application of different molybdenum concentrations and different cold stress periods will reveal the effects of molybdenum more clearly.
{"title":"Effect of molybdenum application in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) under cold stress conditions","authors":"Sultan Dere","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"Cold stress (low temperature stress) is one of the abiotic stress factors. It causes many morphological and physiological problems in plants. One of the applications to eliminate and alleviate these negative effects is molybdenum application. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of molybdenum application on cold stress in commercial variety Mazamort pepper. In the experiment, control, 25 ppm molybdenum concentration, 72 hours cold stress and 25 ppm molybdenum +72 hours cold stress applications were included. Pots of 2 L were used to grow the plants and the growing medium was a mixture of peat and perlite in a ratio of 2:1 by volume. Climatic chamber conditions were set to 24±1°C during the day and 18±1°C at night with 16/8 h light/dark photoperiodicity for control conditions and 24±1°C during the day and 5±1°C at night with photoperiodicity for cold stress conditions. The experiment was planned according to the random plots factorial design with 3 replications and 6 plants in each replicate. At the end of the study, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, plant fresh and dry weight, SPAD, wet basis moisture content, leaf proportional water content and ion leakage parameters were analysed. The highest plant height of Mazamort pepper variety was determined in 25 ppm molybdenum+72 hours cold stress application (44.51 cm). Application of 25 ppm molybdenum was effective in alleviating the negative effect of cold stress on plant stem diameter, plant fresh-dry weight and turgor potential. Moisture content wet basis was lowest in 25 ppm molybdenum +72 hours cold stress application. SPAD value in pepper plants decreased under cold stress conditions. It was observed that 25 ppm molybdenum application was ineffective and the decrease increased under cold stress conditions. Ion leakage in Mazamort pepper variety was highest under 72 hours cold stress and 25 ppm molybdenum +72 hours cold stress conditions. Under cold stress conditions, 25 ppm molybdenum application was ineffective. Molybdenum application under cold stress conditions was found to have positive effects on some parameters in general. In future studies, we believe that the application of different molybdenum concentrations and different cold stress periods will reveal the effects of molybdenum more clearly.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139304927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carob fruit is widely known for their abundance of health-boosting compounds like polyphenols, ascorbic acid, organic acids, and micronutrients. These compounds offer various benefits, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, liver-protective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and heart-protective effects. In this research, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods were employed to assess sugar and organic acid levels in mature fruit pods of three distinct carob genotypes from the Kahramanmaras region in Turkey. The findings revealed that genotype-2 had the highest concentrations of glucose (1301 mg/100g) and fructose (875 mg/100g), genotype-3 exhibited the highest level of xylose (1548 mg/100g), while genotype-1 displayed the highest levels of sucrose (9183 mg/100g) and total sugars (12457 mg/100g). Regarding organic acids, genotype-1 exhibited the highest levels of oxalic acid (17.62 mg/100g), citric acid (612.50 mg/100g), and fumaric acid (8.0 mg/100g), while genotype-3 showed the highest levels of malic acid (234.92 mg/100g) and succinic acid (1089.76 mg/100g); however, genotype-2 had the highest amount of ascorbic acid (8.17 mg/100g). In conclusion, genotype-1 demonstrated the most favorable performance in terms of having the highest levels of total sugar and organic acids compared to the other two genotypes.
{"title":"Determination of sugars and organic acids in diverse carob genotypes using HPLC techniques","authors":"Şule POLAT, Awara HAMAKHAN, Ebruyasakafkas@gmail.com KAFKAS, Md. Arfan ALİ","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Carob fruit is widely known for their abundance of health-boosting compounds like polyphenols, ascorbic acid, organic acids, and micronutrients. These compounds offer various benefits, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, liver-protective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and heart-protective effects. In this research, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods were employed to assess sugar and organic acid levels in mature fruit pods of three distinct carob genotypes from the Kahramanmaras region in Turkey. The findings revealed that genotype-2 had the highest concentrations of glucose (1301 mg/100g) and fructose (875 mg/100g), genotype-3 exhibited the highest level of xylose (1548 mg/100g), while genotype-1 displayed the highest levels of sucrose (9183 mg/100g) and total sugars (12457 mg/100g). Regarding organic acids, genotype-1 exhibited the highest levels of oxalic acid (17.62 mg/100g), citric acid (612.50 mg/100g), and fumaric acid (8.0 mg/100g), while genotype-3 showed the highest levels of malic acid (234.92 mg/100g) and succinic acid (1089.76 mg/100g); however, genotype-2 had the highest amount of ascorbic acid (8.17 mg/100g). In conclusion, genotype-1 demonstrated the most favorable performance in terms of having the highest levels of total sugar and organic acids compared to the other two genotypes.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"13 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It was aimed to investigate the flower morphology and sexual phenotypes of Capparis ovata Desf. A C. ovata population inhabits in Çorum Osmancık Kumbaba locality. A total of 68 flower samples were collected from the population and their morphological characteristics and sexual phenotypes were investigated. According to the morphometric data, the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for the examined traits. Petal width (CV:3.11-20.26%) and sepal width (CV: 3.17-20.57%) showed the highest variation range. In terms of flower phenotype, 25 out of 68 flowers (36.76%) showed perfect flower and 43 (63.24%) showed male flower phenotype. The perfect flowers are hypogeynous flowers and have campylotropous type ovules. C. ovata has zygomorphic flower. C. ovata Desf. plants were defined as andromonoecious due to both the male flower and the perfect flower are present on the same plant. In conclusion, according to morphological analysis, a remarkably high variation was observed in flower morphological structures and the ratio of male flowers were found to be more common than perfect flowers in the C. ovata Desf. population. During evolutionary history, the protandry feature, in which male and female reproductive organs begin to develop at different times in perfect flowers, emerged in plants to prevent the depression of self-pollination, and inbreeding.
{"title":"Flower morphology and sexual phenotype of Capparis ovata Desf.","authors":"Özlem Özbek","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"It was aimed to investigate the flower morphology and sexual phenotypes of Capparis ovata Desf. A C. ovata population inhabits in Çorum Osmancık Kumbaba locality. A total of 68 flower samples were collected from the population and their morphological characteristics and sexual phenotypes were investigated. According to the morphometric data, the coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated for the examined traits. Petal width (CV:3.11-20.26%) and sepal width (CV: 3.17-20.57%) showed the highest variation range. In terms of flower phenotype, 25 out of 68 flowers (36.76%) showed perfect flower and 43 (63.24%) showed male flower phenotype. The perfect flowers are hypogeynous flowers and have campylotropous type ovules. C. ovata has zygomorphic flower. C. ovata Desf. plants were defined as andromonoecious due to both the male flower and the perfect flower are present on the same plant. In conclusion, according to morphological analysis, a remarkably high variation was observed in flower morphological structures and the ratio of male flowers were found to be more common than perfect flowers in the C. ovata Desf. population. During evolutionary history, the protandry feature, in which male and female reproductive organs begin to develop at different times in perfect flowers, emerged in plants to prevent the depression of self-pollination, and inbreeding.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139316506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An experiment was conducted during the 2009-2010 Boro season at the Shahjalal Science and Technology University campus, Sylhet, Bangladesh, to investigate the impact of alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWDI) on rice production. Using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), four irrigation treatments were applied to a modern variety (MV) of rice (BRRIdhan 28). One control treatment, T0, maintained a continuous standing water depth of 1-5 cm. Water was irrigated to three AWD treatments, T1, T2, and T3 when the water level dropped 10, 20, and 30 cm below ground level, respectively. In spite of the fact that treatment T0 produced the highest grain yield (4.90 t/ha), its water use efficiency was 38.64 kg/ha/cm. Compared to treatment T1, which produced 4.68 t/ha, treatment T1 had a water use efficiency of 41.86 kg/ha/cm. Treatments T2 and T3 yielded 3.96 t/ha and 3.63 t/ha, respectively. When water levels fall below 10 cm below ground level, treatment T1 may be the best option for rice cultivation in conditions of limited water availability.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of alternate wetting and drying irrigation for rice cultivation","authors":"Md. Mahadi Morshed","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted during the 2009-2010 Boro season at the Shahjalal Science and Technology University campus, Sylhet, Bangladesh, to investigate the impact of alternate wetting and drying irrigation (AWDI) on rice production. Using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), four irrigation treatments were applied to a modern variety (MV) of rice (BRRIdhan 28). One control treatment, T0, maintained a continuous standing water depth of 1-5 cm. Water was irrigated to three AWD treatments, T1, T2, and T3 when the water level dropped 10, 20, and 30 cm below ground level, respectively. In spite of the fact that treatment T0 produced the highest grain yield (4.90 t/ha), its water use efficiency was 38.64 kg/ha/cm. Compared to treatment T1, which produced 4.68 t/ha, treatment T1 had a water use efficiency of 41.86 kg/ha/cm. Treatments T2 and T3 yielded 3.96 t/ha and 3.63 t/ha, respectively. When water levels fall below 10 cm below ground level, treatment T1 may be the best option for rice cultivation in conditions of limited water availability.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139319801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, usage of food supplements (Fs) has increased in order to maintain healthy living, have well-being, and be protected from the diseases. There are many medicinal plants used as herbal food supplements (HFs). Within the scope of this study, Echinacea and St. John’s Wort were selected among the plants that are frequently encountered. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted through completing a self-administered online questionnaire by health students. The questionnaire was filled out by 211 students studying at the faculties of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy and Health Sciences at Istanbul Medipol University. The greatest participation was achieved with Pharmacy students (47.4%), whereas the lowest participation was reached with Dentistry students (5.7%). The most commonly used products as Fs were vitamin D (21.3%) and multivitamins (16.1%), while the use of HFs was 8.5%. St. John’s Wort is commonly preferred for wound and burn treatment and Echinacea is used to boost immunity. In parallel with this use, St. John’s Wort is preferred as olive oil maceration and Echinacea as herbal infusion. While the use of HFs was 58.3%, that of the Fs were 44.5%. Echinacea use was found to be 14.4% and St. John’s Wort was 31.3%. The relationship between the presence of chronic disease and the use of Fs or HFs was not statistically significant. This study is significant to detect the opinions and knowledge levels of health students about Fs, especially HFs, St. John’s Wort and Echinacea, which are available in the market.
{"title":"Herbal food supplements usage awareness of university students: Example of Echinacea and St. John's Wort","authors":"Tuğba İduğ","doi":"10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.4.9","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, usage of food supplements (Fs) has increased in order to maintain healthy living, have well-being, and be protected from the diseases. There are many medicinal plants used as herbal food supplements (HFs). Within the scope of this study, Echinacea and St. John’s Wort were selected among the plants that are frequently encountered. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted through completing a self-administered online questionnaire by health students. The questionnaire was filled out by 211 students studying at the faculties of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy and Health Sciences at Istanbul Medipol University. The greatest participation was achieved with Pharmacy students (47.4%), whereas the lowest participation was reached with Dentistry students (5.7%). The most commonly used products as Fs were vitamin D (21.3%) and multivitamins (16.1%), while the use of HFs was 8.5%. St. John’s Wort is commonly preferred for wound and burn treatment and Echinacea is used to boost immunity. In parallel with this use, St. John’s Wort is preferred as olive oil maceration and Echinacea as herbal infusion. While the use of HFs was 58.3%, that of the Fs were 44.5%. Echinacea use was found to be 14.4% and St. John’s Wort was 31.3%. The relationship between the presence of chronic disease and the use of Fs or HFs was not statistically significant. This study is significant to detect the opinions and knowledge levels of health students about Fs, especially HFs, St. John’s Wort and Echinacea, which are available in the market.","PeriodicalId":13814,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139320244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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