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Variation analysis of spintronic device using machine learning algorithm 基于机器学习算法的自旋电子器件变异分析
S. Yadav, A. Shukla, Hemkant Nehete, Sandeep Soni, Shipra Saini, B. Kaushik
In this article, the focus is on using machine learning methods to analyse non-volatile memory devices. This is important because the production of integrated circuits in the sub-micrometre range depends on advancements in manufacturing process technology, and it is crucial to evaluate how manufacturing tolerances affect the functionality of contemporary integrated circuits. Traditionally, Monte Carlo-based techniques have been used to accurately evaluate the impact of manufacturing tolerances on the functionality of integrated circuits. However, these techniques are computationally time-consuming. We will propose a scheme to "learn" the variation of the read margin (parallel and anti-parallel resistance) performance of spintronics devices. The machine learning approach, artificial neural network, is focused on this study (Read margin of spin transfer torque (STT)) spintronics devices. The accuracy for STT by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is calculated with the help of the MATLAB deep learning toolbox. Regression models using machine learning (ML) are fast and precise over a variety of input ranges, making them ideal for device modelling. The ML algorithm has emerged as a potential substitute for Monte Carlo-based techniques. It can reduce the computational load needed in a Monte Carlo simulation covering all process corners, design parameters, and operating conditions. The article demonstrates the effectiveness of the ML algorithm by performing various simulations on spin transfer torque (STT) non-volatile memory. The proposed scheme involves "learning" the variation of the read margin performance of spintronic devices as a function of its material and geometric parameters. In conclusion, the use of machine learning techniques based on the different regression methods is a promising approach to increase the prediction time of result analysis as compared to SPICE simulation time.
在本文中,重点是使用机器学习方法来分析非易失性存储设备。这一点很重要,因为亚微米范围内集成电路的生产取决于制造工艺技术的进步,并且评估制造公差如何影响当代集成电路的功能至关重要。传统上,基于蒙特卡罗的技术已被用于准确评估制造公差对集成电路功能的影响。然而,这些技术在计算上非常耗时。我们将提出一种方案来“学习”自旋电子器件的读取裕度(并联和反并联电阻)性能的变化。机器学习方法,人工神经网络,是本研究的重点(自旋传递扭矩(STT)的读取裕度)自旋电子器件。利用MATLAB深度学习工具箱计算了人工神经网络(ANN)对STT的精度。使用机器学习(ML)的回归模型在各种输入范围内快速和精确,使其成为设备建模的理想选择。机器学习算法已经成为蒙特卡罗技术的潜在替代品。它可以减少蒙特卡罗模拟所需的计算量,涵盖所有过程角、设计参数和操作条件。本文通过对自旋传递扭矩(STT)非易失性存储器进行各种模拟来证明ML算法的有效性。所提出的方案涉及“学习”自旋电子器件的读余量性能的变化作为其材料和几何参数的函数。综上所述,与SPICE模拟时间相比,使用基于不同回归方法的机器学习技术是增加结果分析预测时间的一种有希望的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring transient modification of hyperbolic metamaterials using InAsSb-based semiconductor 探索利用inassb基半导体对双曲型超材料进行瞬态修饰
H. Haugan, D. Bas, Augustine Urbas, A. Neal, K. Eyink
Quantum photonics opens doors for applications in sensing, data transfer, and quantum computing. Application areas in many of these technologies require in some manner tunable single photon sources. Hyperbolic metamaterials, composed of metallic building blocks embedded in dielectric media control emission lifetime by modifying the photon density of states. However, no previous efforts have explored the transient modification of metamaterials to modulate emission. Antimony-based semiconductor hyperbolic metamaterials (SHMMs) offer a route to modulation of these resonances at the mid-infrared (IR) wavelength range, which would modulate emission. In this work, we demonstrate the ability to create an ultrafast hyperbolic momentum state in metallic InAsSb/dielectric GaSb stacks and explore the possibility of transient modification of metamaterials by controlling the optical properties of photon emission. If successful, this study will establish a new platform for deterministic single photon emission that can be integrable into opto-electronic platforms and dramatically advance optical quantum technologies. Properly engineered quantum well structures are grown by molecular beam epitaxy with Si-doping in order to convert the InAsSb layers from dielectric to metallic at IR frequencies. The carrier excitation scheme of the engineered hyperbolic stacks is investigated in a variety of excitation levels using pump–probe measurements. The photo-excited carriers in the structure with a metal fraction of ∼0.5 show a polarization dependent reflectivity change, which indicates a transient hyperbolic metamaterial state in the heterostructure induced by the pump laser.
量子光子学为传感、数据传输和量子计算的应用打开了大门。许多这些技术的应用领域都需要以某种方式可调的单光子源。由金属构件组成的双曲超材料嵌入介质中,通过改变态的光子密度来控制发射寿命。然而,以前没有研究过对超材料进行瞬态修饰来调节发射。锑基半导体双曲超材料(shmm)提供了在中红外(IR)波长范围内调制这些共振的途径,这将调制发射。在这项工作中,我们展示了在金属InAsSb/介电GaSb堆叠中创建超快双曲动量态的能力,并探索了通过控制光子发射的光学特性来瞬态修饰超材料的可能性。如果成功,该研究将建立一个确定性单光子发射的新平台,该平台可以集成到光电平台中,并显着推进光量子技术。利用分子束外延和硅掺杂的方法,在红外波段将InAsSb层从介电层转变为金属层,形成了合理的量子阱结构。利用泵-探针测量方法研究了工程双曲堆在不同激励水平下的载流子激励方案。金属分数为~ 0.5的光激发载流子结构的反射率随偏振变化,表明泵浦激光诱导异质结构的瞬态双曲超材料状态。
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引用次数: 0
Anisotropy barrier-induced unidirectional motion of spin wave driven skyrmion 自旋波驱动粒子的各向异性势垒诱导的单向运动
Shipra Saini, A. Shukla, Namita Bindal, Sandeep Soni, Shailendra Yadav, B. Kaushik
The propagation of spin waves and their interaction with the spin solitons like skyrmions, domain walls and vortex are one of the promising ways for designing nanoscale spintronic devices. Magnetic skyrmion, a particle-like nanoscale object has potential applications in next-generation spintronic devices. In this paper, the unidirectional motion of the skyrmion under the influence of spin wave is studied using micromagnetic simulations. Here, two different magnetic anisotropies are considered on a nanotrack that creates an energy gradient. As a result, the repulsive forces act on the skyrmion and is responsible for the motion of the skyrmion in one direction. The spin wave driving force leads the skyrmion to move in forward direction and the anisotropy gradient is responsible to prevent the skyrmion motion in reverse direction. The skyrmion moves from higher perpendicular magnetic anisotropy region to lower energy region, leading to a unidirectional transport of the skyrmion. This proposed device has less Joule heating and is more energy efficient as compared to other spin transfer torque (STT) and spin orbit torque (SOT) driven techniques. This is due to the fact that spin wave can generate a flow of magnetic momentum without generating an electron flow. This spin wave driven skyrmionics device is a promising pathway towards the development of a complete non-charge based magnetic devices.
自旋波的传播及其与自旋孤子(如skyrmions、畴壁和涡旋)的相互作用是设计纳米级自旋电子器件的一种有前途的方法。磁性粒子是一种类似粒子的纳米级物体,在下一代自旋电子器件中具有潜在的应用前景。本文采用微磁模拟的方法研究了自旋波作用下粒子的单向运动。这里,在纳米轨道上考虑两种不同的磁各向异性,从而产生能量梯度。结果,斥力作用在天空上,并负责天空在一个方向上的运动。自旋波驱动力使粒子向前运动,各向异性梯度阻止粒子反向运动。粒子从垂直磁各向异性较高的区域向能量较低的区域运动,导致粒子单向输运。与其他自旋转移扭矩(STT)和自旋轨道扭矩(SOT)驱动技术相比,该装置具有更少的焦耳加热和更高的能源效率。这是因为自旋波可以产生磁动量流而不产生电子流。这种自旋波驱动的仿生装置是发展完全无电荷磁性器件的一条很有前途的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Probing and controlling magnetism in 2D magnetic semiconductor CrSBr 二维磁性半导体CrSBr的探测与控制
John Cenker, S. Sivakumar, Kaichen Xie, G. Diederich, Zhaoyu Liu, Avalon H. Dismukes, Daniel G. Chica, Xiaoyang Zhu, Xavier Roy, J. Chu, Di Xiao, Ting Cao, Xiaodong Xu
The coupling of spin and charge in magnetic semiconductors lies at the heart of the field of spintronics and has attracted significant interest for new computing technologies. In this paper, we will review our recent progress in studying and controlling magneto-exciton coupling in the layered antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrSBr. The anisotropic Wannier-type excitons in this material serve as a sensor of the interlayer magnetic coupling. Using this exciton sensor, we found that the magnetic order is extremely tunable by the application of tensile strain, with a reversible AFM to FM transition occurring at large but experimentally feasible strains. These results establish CrSBr as an exciting platform for harnessing spin-charge-lattice coupling to the 2D limit.
磁性半导体中自旋和电荷的耦合是自旋电子学领域的核心,并引起了新的计算技术的极大兴趣。本文综述了近年来在层状反铁磁半导体CrSBr中磁激子耦合的研究和控制方面的最新进展。该材料中各向异性的wannier型激子作为层间磁耦合的传感器。使用这种激子传感器,我们发现通过拉伸应变的应用,磁顺序是非常可调的,在大但实验可行的应变下发生了可逆的AFM到FM转变。这些结果建立了CrSBr作为利用自旋-电荷-晶格耦合到二维极限的令人兴奋的平台。
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引用次数: 0
The optimization of metal-semiconductor light detection by Schottky interface image force 肖特基界面像力对金属-半导体光探测的优化
Zih-Chun Su, D. Sinha, Ashish Gaurav, Ching-Fuh Lin
The metal-semiconductor interface structure, which can convert photon energy into electrons by internal photon-emission effect, is utilized as one kind of photodetectors. In the Schottky device, the barrier limits the detectable wavelength and the detection response, so how to amplify the detection signal is an important issue. Here, we first quantify the effect of applied bias on the energy barrier reduction mechanism from a mathematical equation. Furthermore, we fabricate metal/semiconductor Schottky devices and experimentally demonstrate the optimization of optical response by image-force lowering effect. As a result, experiment showed a 21 times enhancement in responsivity after an image-force lowering effect was induced.
金属-半导体界面结构利用内部光子发射效应将光子能量转化为电子,是一种光电探测器。在肖特基器件中,势垒限制了可探测波长和探测响应,因此如何放大探测信号是一个重要的问题。在这里,我们首先从数学方程中量化了应用偏压对能量势垒还原机制的影响。此外,我们制作了金属/半导体肖特基器件,并通过实验证明了通过像力降低效应来优化光学响应。实验结果表明,在诱导象力降低效应后,反应性提高了21倍。
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引用次数: 1
Multipair emission effects in quantum dot-based entangled photon sources 量子点纠缠光子源中的多对发射效应
J. Neuwirth, F. Basso Basset, M. Rota, S. F. Covre da Silva, K. Jöns, A. Rastelli, R. Trotta
During recent years, quantum dots have become an increasingly established source of highly entangled photons 1. The main motivation for the development of this technology has resided in the expectation that a resonantly driven quantum emitter can offer a path towards on-demand photon pair generation 2. In fact, state-of-the-art sources relying on spontaneous parametric down-conversion intrinsically suffer from multipair emission at high pair generation rates, which causes a tradeoff between brightness and degree of entanglement 3. Despite the key importance of this aspect, the experimental study of how multiphoton emission affects the entanglement properties of quantum dot-based sources has received surprisingly little attention. In this paper we report the investigation of the multipair emission of the source under quasi-deterministic resonant two-photon excitation without filtering the excitation laser using polarization suppression. The focus is on measuring the real multipair emission entering in entanglement-based measurements, minimizing measurement artefacts from the setup and in particular from the excitation source. This is investigated by measuring the second-order correlation function at zero-time delay in several measurement conditions, including spectral filtering. Our work confirms that the multipair emission is provided also for entanglement-based measurement conditions and thus helps the design of efficient photon sources for quantum information and communication technologies.
近年来,量子点已逐渐成为高度纠缠光子的来源。该技术发展的主要动机在于期望共振驱动的量子发射器可以提供按需光子对生成2的路径。事实上,依靠自发参数下转换的最先进的光源在高对产生率下本质上受到多对发射的影响,这导致了亮度和纠缠度之间的权衡3。尽管这方面非常重要,但多光子发射如何影响量子点源纠缠特性的实验研究却很少受到关注。本文报道了在准确定性共振双光子激励下,不使用偏振抑制过滤激发激光的源的多对发射。重点是在基于纠缠的测量中测量真实的多对发射,最大限度地减少来自设置的测量伪影,特别是来自激励源的测量伪影。通过在几种测量条件下测量二阶相关函数,包括频谱滤波,研究了这一问题。我们的工作证实,多对发射也可用于基于纠缠的测量条件,从而有助于设计用于量子信息和通信技术的高效光子源。
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引用次数: 0
Packaged foundry-fabricated silicon spiral photon pair source 封装的硅螺旋光子对源
Joseph Monteleone, Matthew van Niekerk, Mario Ciminelli, G. Leake, D. Coleman, M. Fanto, S. Preble
We have demonstrated a packaged Silicon photon pair source. The spiral silicon waveguide source is 500 nm x 220 nm x 2 cm long and was packaged with input/output optical fibers enabling turn-key generation of photon pairs by connecting the input optical fiber to a telecommunication grade laser. In this work, we experimentally characterized the generation of bi-photons by spontaneous four-wave mixing in the Silicon waveguide. The insertion loss of the chip, after packaging, was measured to be approximately 15 dB (3 dB/facet, waveguide propagation loss of less than 1.5 dB/cm, 6 dB from splitters sequence). We investigated the phase matching of the source by wavelength tuning the 1 nm bandpass filters and found that the generated bi-photons have a half-bandwidth of 10 nm about the pump wavelength. We investigate pulse pumping using an actively mode-locked fiber laser with a 500 MHz repetition rate, pulse duration of approximately 30 ps and peak pulse power of 400 mW. Excitation of the pulsed source with a power of 1.4 mW through the chip generated 300 kHz coincidence rates after passing the chip’s output through a series of spectral bandpass filters (-1.4 db in channel 1 and -2.4 dB in channel 2 of filter loss and approximately 85 % efficiency of the detectors: inferred on-chip pair generation rate of 58 MHz). We also investigate two sources with 6 mW of continuous-wave pump power to generate 1550 nm bi-photons, generating 6.0 kHz coincidence rates (inferred on-chip pair generation rate of 2.3 MHz).
我们展示了一个封装的硅光子对源。螺旋硅波导源长500nm x 220nm x 2cm,封装有输入/输出光纤,通过将输入光纤连接到电信级激光器,实现光子对的交钥匙生成。在这项工作中,我们通过实验表征了硅波导中自发四波混频产生双光子。封装后,芯片的插入损耗约为15 dB (3 dB/facet,波导传播损耗小于1.5 dB/cm,从分路器序列得到6 dB)。我们通过对1 nm的带通滤波器进行波长调谐,研究了光源的相位匹配,发现产生的双光子在泵浦波长附近具有10 nm的半带宽。我们使用主动锁模光纤激光器研究脉冲泵浦,该激光器的重复频率为500 MHz,脉冲持续时间约为30 ps,峰值脉冲功率为400 mW。功率为1.4 mW的脉冲源通过芯片激发后,芯片的输出通过一系列频谱带通滤波器(滤波器损耗通道1 -1.4 db和通道2 -2.4 db,检测器效率约为85%:推断片上对产生率为58 MHz),产生了300 kHz的符合率。我们还研究了两个具有6 mW连续波泵浦功率的源,以产生1550 nm双光子,产生6.0 kHz的符合率(推断片上对产生率为2.3 MHz)。
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引用次数: 0
Deterministic generation of building-block photonic cluster states from a single quantum emitter 从单个量子发射极确定地产生构建块光子团簇态
Shuo Sun
I will discuss our recent proposal on deterministic generation of photonic repeater graph states using only a single quantum emitter, our plans for its experimental implementation, and its applications in quantum repeaters and networks.
我将讨论我们最近关于仅使用单个量子发射器确定产生光子中继器图形状态的建议,我们的实验实施计划,以及它在量子中继器和网络中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
Cryogenic photoluminescence setup for rapid prototyping and active device biasing of monolayer 2D semiconductors for quantum applications 用于量子应用的单层二维半导体快速成型和有源器件偏置的低温光致发光装置
C. Torres, B. M. Pascoguin, J. Adleman, Brad C. Liu, Richard C. Ordonez, Cody K. Hayashi, K. Liotta
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising 2D semiconductors that feature direct bandgaps useful for various quantum and optoelectronic applications. We present on our progress in establishing a cryogenic photoluminescence setup using a cryogenic probe station with bare multi-mode fibers that allows for active-device biasing of novel material platforms. Using this system, we are able to detect the photoluminescence signal from various chemical vapor deposited (CVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown 2D semiconductors on sapphire (0001) substrates in vacuum. We observe a temperature dependent direct bandgap red-shift of around 40nm (from 8K to 450K) for CVD grown monolayer WS2 and CVD grown monolayer WSe2 on sapphire (0001) substrates. We observe a temperature dependent direct bandgap red-shift of around 37nm (from 6K to 450K) for MBE grown monolayer MoSe2 on sapphire (0001) substrates. Interestingly, for monolayer MoS2 on sapphire (0001) substrates, we observe the emergence of a strong photoluminescence signal at cryogenic temperatures below 100K, in addition to the A exciton luminescence signal, which is attributed to bound excitons.
单层过渡金属二硫族化合物(TMDs)是一种很有前途的二维半导体,具有直接带隙,可用于各种量子和光电子应用。我们介绍了我们在建立低温光致发光装置方面的进展,该装置使用带有裸多模光纤的低温探针站,允许新材料平台的有源器件偏置。利用该系统,我们能够在真空中检测各种化学气相沉积(CVD)和分子束外延(MBE)生长在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上的二维半导体的光致发光信号。我们观察到CVD生长的单层WS2和CVD生长的单层WSe2在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上的温度相关的直接带隙红移约为40nm(从8K到450K)。我们观察到在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上生长的MBE单层MoSe2的温度直接带隙红移约为37nm(从6K到450K)。有趣的是,对于蓝宝石(0001)衬底上的单层MoS2,我们观察到在低于100K的低温下,除了a激子发光信号外,还出现了强烈的光致发光信号,这归因于束缚激子。
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引用次数: 1
Optical transparency induced by a largely Purcell-enhanced single photon emitter in a low-Q cavity 低q腔中purcell增强单光子发射器诱导的光学透明度
D. Farfurnik, Harjot Singh, Zhouchen Luo, A. Bracker, S. Carter, E. Waks
Quantum dots coupled to high-Q cavities can induce optical transparency that provides photon switching capabilities. However, the optical access to such cavities can be inefficient due to their restrictive optical modes. Here, we observe optical transparency of ∼ 80% induced by a quantum dot coupled to a cavity with an efficient optical access, the low-Q bullseye cavity, due to the destructive interference of reflected light. Together with optical lifetimes of quantum dots as short as 80 ps, and the coherent manipulation capabilities of their spin, the transparency induced by coupling these dots to bullseye cavities makes them promising for quantum technologies.
量子点耦合到高q腔可以诱导光学透明度,提供光子开关能力。然而,由于其受限的光学模式,光学进入这种腔可能是低效的。在这里,我们观察到由于反射光的破坏性干涉,量子点耦合到具有高效光学通道的腔(低q靶心腔)所引起的光学透明度为~ 80%。再加上量子点的光学寿命短至80ps,以及它们自旋的相干操纵能力,将这些量子点耦合到靶心腔所产生的透明度使它们在量子技术上很有前景。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Conference on Nanoscience, Engineering and Technology (ICONSET 2011)
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