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Insect Pollinator’s Role in Fruit Setting of Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce 昆虫传粉媒介在木参坐果中的作用Druce
Pub Date : 2022-11-23 DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.0486b
S. Bhatnagar, A. Khan, L. S. Rathore, N. Sharma
The experiment was conducted in the Ecology Field, Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India during 2020-21 to explore the role of insect pollinators in the fruit setting of P. cineraria. For conducting the experiments one of the branches of the selected trees was covered with a mesh bags to exclude floral visitors (pollinator exclusion). The other branch was kept uncovered for the time of the experiment (open pollination).  Our findings revealed that the average fruit set under pollinator exclusion (bagged condition) was nil whereas it was 2.02% in open natural pollination. This study confirms previous studies that P. cineraria is a cross–pollinated species. Also, average moisture content was found to be 10.75 % in seeds and 49.21% average carbohydrate content in pods under open pollination, germination percentage was found to be 71.3% and seedling vigour index was 655.2. Present study also calculated the average seed weight, average seed length, average seed breadth, average seed thickness obtained in above experiment.
本试验于2020- 2021年在印度焦特布尔(拉贾斯坦邦)干旱森林研究所生态试验场进行,旨在探讨昆虫传粉媒介在灰葡萄坐果中的作用。在进行实验时,将所选树木的一根树枝用网袋覆盖,以排除访花者(传粉者排除)。另一根枝条在实验期间保持裸露(开放授粉)。结果表明,在不传粉者(套袋)条件下,平均坐果率为零,而在开放自然授粉条件下,平均坐果率为2.02%。这项研究证实了以前的研究,即灰孢单胞菌是一种异花授粉的物种。种子平均含水量为10.75%,荚果平均碳水化合物含量为49.21%,发芽率为71.3%,幼苗活力指数为655.2。本研究还计算了上述试验所得的平均种子重、平均种子长、平均种子宽、平均种子厚。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence and Epidemiology of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato 番茄青枯病的流行病学研究
Pub Date : 2022-11-20 DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.0469c
Deepika Sood, Amit Sharma, Monica Sharma
The present investigation was carried out during 2017 at the Department of Plant Pathology, Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan. The objective of the study was to understand the prevalence of bacterial wilt of tomato as influenced by the edaphic factors. Periodic survey were undertaken during the crop season in major tomato growing regions and incidence of bacterial wilt of tomato ranged from 10.00% to 84.02%. 20 days old tomato seedlings were inoculated with bacterial suspension (3x108 cfu/ml) either through root dip or drenching and kept in green house with temperature 30+2°C. Inoculation of bacterial pathogen R. solanacearum in through seedling root dip in bacterial suspension was found better compared to drench application for development of typical symptoms of bacterial wilt disease. There was 100% disease incidence with seedling root dip method compared to 68.74% disease incidence with drenching of bacterial suspension in soil. Epidemiological studies of R. solanacearum revealed that with the increase in soil moisture from 40% to 90%and soil temperature from 25° to 35°, there was a progressive increase in disease incidence of bacterial wilt in tomato seedlings. Maximum disease incidence was observed at 30–35°C and at 90% soil moisture. However, no disease was observed at 20°C and at 20% and 30% soil moisture. The finding on epidemiology from the present study will be helpful to design effective disease management strategy.
本调查于2017年在索兰Nauni的YS Parmar博士园艺和林业大学植物病理学系进行。本研究旨在了解土壤因素对番茄青枯病流行的影响。在番茄主产区作物季节进行定期调查,番茄青枯病发病率为10.00% ~ 84.02%。用细菌悬浮液(3 × 108 cfu/ml)接种20日龄番茄幼苗,采用根浸或淋两种方式,置于温度为30+2℃的温室中。在青枯病的典型症状发生方面,采用菌悬液浸苗法接种青枯病菌比淋施效果更好。苗根浸法的发病率为100%,而菌悬液淋法的发病率为68.74%。对番茄青枯病的流行病学研究表明,随着土壤湿度从40%增加到90%,土壤温度从25°增加到35°,番茄青枯病的发病率逐渐增加。在30-35°C和90%土壤水分条件下,发病率最高。然而,在20°C和20%和30%土壤湿度下未观察到病害。本研究的流行病学发现将有助于制定有效的疾病管理策略。
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引用次数: 0
Studies on Genetic Variability and Character Association in Chilli Genotypes (Capsicum annuum L.) 辣椒基因型遗传变异及性状关联研究
Pub Date : 2022-11-19 DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.0494
Sakshi Singh, A. Joshi, A. Vikram, S. Kansal, Sudha Singh
The present investigation was carried out at Experimental Farm of Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station Dhaulakuan, District Sirmour (HP), Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, during Kharif season, 2018 to ascertain extent of variability, heritability and genetic advance as percentage of mean for yield and other horticultural traits of 21 chilli genotypes. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications at spacing of 45cm × 45cm. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied.  RACH-132 exhibited the maximum number of fruits per plant (97.27), fruit weight at edible maturity (4.08 g), green fruit yield plant-1 (280.10 g), red fruit yield plant-1 (275.89 g) and fruit diameter (1.23 cm) while, number of seeds and thousand seed weight was maximum in RACH-121 (100.40, 5.12 g). DKC-8 (0.49%) recorded the maximum capsaicin content. The estimates of phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation (PCV and GCV) were moderate to high for all characters studied except days to first red maturity. High heritability coupled with high genetic gain was found for characters like green fruit yield plant-1, red fruit yield plant-1 and capsaicin content which indicates that these characters were under the strong influence of additive gene action and hence simple selection based on phenotypic performance of these traits would be effective.
本调查是在喜马偕尔邦索兰纳乌尼帕尔玛博士园艺和林业大学的区域园艺研究和培训站道拉库尔区(HP)的实验农场进行的,于2018年丰收季节,以确定21个辣椒基因型的变异程度、遗传力和遗传进步占平均产量和其他园艺性状的百分比。试验布置在RCBD中,3个重复,间隔45cm × 45cm。方差分析表明,各性状基因型间差异显著。其中,RACH-132单株果数最多(97.27),可食成熟期果重最多(4.08 g),绿果产量株数-1 (280.10 g),红果产量株数-1 (275.89 g),果径最大(1.23 cm),种子数和千粒重最大(100.40,5.12 g), DKC-8辣椒素含量最高(0.49%)。表型和基因型变异系数(PCV和GCV)的估计值在除第一次红成熟天数外的所有性状中均为中等至高。青果产量植株1号、红果产量植株1号和辣椒素含量等性状遗传力高,遗传增益高,说明这些性状受加性基因作用的影响较大,因此根据这些性状的表型表现进行简单选择是有效的。
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引用次数: 0
Paclobutrazole, NAA and GA3 Effects on Growth and Dry Matter Partitioning of Andrographis paniculata Nees. 多效唑、NAA和GA3对穿心莲生长和干物质分配的影响。
Pub Date : 2022-11-18 DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.0484a
Raxit R. Shekhada, S. J. Macwan, Tejveer Singh
Andrographis paniculata is an important medicinal plant which possesses many medicinal applications. Looking to the importance of plant growth regulators one study was carried out on the influence of foliar spraying treatments in the yield of Kariyatu. Different treatments which includes NAA (50,100 and 200 mg l-1) , GA3 (50,100 and 200 mg l-1)  and Paclobutrazol (50,100 and 200 mg l-1) with one as control  were considered as foliar application at 30 days after transplanting. Experimental results indicated  leaf, shoot  and total  dry matter increased in all the treatments progressivelly upto harvest but root-shoot ratio decreased with increase crop growth stage that means high proportion of shoot is increases. Leaf area duration was increased progressively up to 75–105 days after transplanting and thereafter declined while crop growth rate was shown increased up to 45–75 days after transplanting then decreased during the 75–105 days after transplanting which means after reproductive stage to maturity phase of growth, crop growth rate decline. The biomass duration was increased with age of the crop till harvest. Significantly positive effect was reported in GA3100 mg l-1 and lowest result was found in control. The translocation process must have been more prominent in the foliar spraying of GA3 100 mg l-1 than rest of the treatments indicates that photosynthesis and translocation efficiency increases by foliar spraying treatments with growth regulators. GA3 100 mg l-1 is efficient in dry matter production and its partitioning in leaves, stem as compared to other treatments.
穿心莲是一种重要的药用植物,具有多种药用价值。鉴于植物生长调节剂的重要性,研究了叶面喷施处理对卡里亚图产量的影响。在移栽后30 d,以NAA(50,100和200 mg l-1)、GA3(50,100和200 mg l-1)和多效唑(50,100和200 mg l-1)为对照进行叶面施用。试验结果表明,各处理的叶片、茎叶和总干物质在收获前呈递增趋势,但根冠比随着作物生育阶段的延长而降低,即茎叶高占比增加。叶面积持续时间在移栽后75 ~ 105 d呈递增趋势,之后呈下降趋势;作物生长速率在移栽后45 ~ 75 d呈上升趋势,在移栽后75 ~ 105 d呈下降趋势,说明从生殖期到成熟期,作物生长速率下降。生物量持续时间随作物年龄的增长而增加。GA3100 mg l-1组效果显著,对照组效果最低。叶面喷施GA3 100 mg l-1处理的转运过程比其他处理更为突出,说明喷施生长调节剂处理的光合作用和转运效率提高。与其他处理相比,GA3 100 mg l-1对干物质的生产和叶片、茎干物质的分配效率更高。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Spent Mushroom Substrate Enriched with Trichoderma harzianum on Damping off Disease in Chilli and Tomato 富哈茨木霉废菌基质对辣椒和番茄抗病性的影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.0470a
Shylendra Kumar, R. Chugh
A study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of soil application of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and farm yard manure (FYM) enriched with T. harzianum on pre-emergency damping off (PED) and post-emergence damping off (POED) in chilli and tomato seedlings in nursery beds containing naturally infested soil with Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizoctonia solani in the experimental field area of Department of Plant Pathology, CCSHAU Hisar during 2018-19, 2019-20and 2020-21.The observations on disease incidence (%) were recorded up to 30 days after germination.  A control without soil amendment was also maintained. The maximum damping off was at 22.5, 23.4 and 22.9% in controland minimum at 15.7, 15.8 and 16.6% during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, respectively in chilliwhen SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied. The mean of damping off disease incidence was minimum at 16.0% when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied and maximum at 22.9% in control. The maximum damping off was at 18.1, 19.4 and 18.7% in control and minimum at 12.2, 12.6 and 14.8% during 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, respectively in tomato when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied. The mean of disease incidence (%) was minimum at 13.2% when SMS enriched with T. harzianum was applied and maximum at 18.7% in control.
在2018- 2019年、2019- 2020年和2020- 2021年,在中国农业大学植物病理学研究所试验田,在含有天然蛀皮霉和枯丝核菌侵染土壤的苗床上,研究了在土壤中施用富含哈兹安菌的废菌基质(SMS)和农场厩肥(FYM)对辣椒和番茄幼苗紧急前阻尼(PED)和出苗期阻尼(POED)的影响。在萌发后30天内记录病害发生率(%)。保持不进行土壤改良剂的对照。2018-19年、2019-20年、2020-21年期间,施加哈氏霉富菌SMS对辣椒的最大减振率分别为22.5%、23.4和22.9%,最小减振率分别为15.7%、15.8%和16.6%。施用富含哈兹菌的SMS时,平均减病率最低,为16.0%,对照组最高,为22.9%。在2018-19年、2019-20年和2020-21年期间,施用富哈兹兰菌的对照番茄的最大减振率分别为18.1%、19.4%和18.7%,最小减振率分别为12.2、12.6%和14.8%。施用富含哈兹菌的SMS时,平均发病率(%)最低为13.2%,对照组最高为18.7%。
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引用次数: 0
Economic Profitability and Carbon Stock Potential of Cereals and Pulses Under Harar and Aonla Based Agroforestry Systems in The Low Hill Zone of Himachal Pradesh 喜马偕尔邦低丘陵地区以哈拉和奥拉为基础的农林业系统下谷物和豆类的经济效益和碳储量潜力
Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.0461a
A. Bhatia, K. Sharma, K. S. Pant, Samanpreet Singh, P. Prakash, Parveen Kumar, Saakshi -, H. Sharma
Practicing wheat-maize cropping system by the farmers of Himachal Pradesh is less economical viable as compared to pulses. Besides this, pulses have high potential of soil improvement through nitrogen fixation. Hence, the experiment was premeditated to evaluate the carbon stock potential and economic profitability of cereals and pulses under Harar and Aonla based agroforestry systems in the low hill zone of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment was conducted with nine treatment combinations with four replications in RBD. Highest biomass (77.80 t ha-1) and carbon stock (38.05 t ha-1) were recorded under maize+Harar. In term of economics, maximum gross returns (80,471.49 ` ha-1) were obtained for maize+Aonla yet, the maximum net returns (42,684.40 ` ha-1) and BC ratio (2.14) were found for mash+Aonla.
与豆类相比,喜马偕尔邦的农民实行小麦-玉米种植制度在经济上不太可行。此外,豆类具有较高的固氮改良土壤潜力。因此,本试验旨在评价喜马偕尔邦低丘陵地区以哈拉和奥拉为基础的农林业系统下谷物和豆类的碳储量潜力和经济效益。试验在RBD中进行了9个治疗组合,4个重复。玉米+哈拉尔的生物量最高(77.80 t ha-1),碳储量最高(38.05 t ha-1)。在经济性方面,玉米+Aonla的总收益最大(80,471.49’ha-1),醪+Aonla的净收益最大(42,684.40’ha-1), BC比最大(2.14)。
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引用次数: 0
Applications of Molecular Markers in Fruit Crops: A Review 分子标记在水果作物中的应用综述
Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.0459
M. Goswami, Kaushal Attri, Ishani Goswami
Markers are any trait of an organism that can be identified with confidence and relative ease, and can be followed in a mapping population or they can be defined as heritable entities associated with the economically important trait under the control of polygenes. Molecular markers have diverse applications in fruit crop improvement, particularly in the areas of genetic diversity and varietal identification studies, disease diagnostics, hybrid detection, sex differentiation and marker assisted selection. Molecular markers provide new directions to the efforts of plant breeders particularly in gene localization, taxonomy, phylogenetic analysis and also play an important role to decrease the time required for development of new and excellent cultivars. The most interesting application of molecular markers is marker-assisted selection (MAS). Suitable DNA markers should be polymorphic in the nature and should be expressed in all tissues, organs, at various developmental stages. Compared with traditional breeding programs, molecular markers can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of fruit breeding programs.
标记是生物体的任何特征,可以确定和相对容易地识别,可以在绘图群体中遵循,或者可以定义为在多基因控制下与经济上重要的性状相关的可遗传实体。分子标记在水果作物改良方面有多种应用,特别是在遗传多样性和品种鉴定研究、疾病诊断、杂交检测、性别分化和标记辅助选择等领域。分子标记为植物育种工作特别是基因定位、分类和系统发育分析提供了新的方向,在缩短培育优良新品种所需的时间方面发挥着重要作用。分子标记最有趣的应用是标记辅助选择(MAS)。合适的DNA标记在本质上应该是多态的,并且应该在所有组织、器官和不同发育阶段表达。与传统育种方案相比,分子标记可以提高果树育种方案的效率和有效性。
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引用次数: 2
A Study of Growth Rate and Seed Yield in Ocimum basilicum Germplasms 罗勒种质生长速率及种子产量的研究
Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.0445
K. Meena, J. Patel, I. Naruka, A. Haldar, D. Patidar, N. Soni
The present field experiment was conducted at department of Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur in simple Randomized Block Design during 2019-20. This investigation was carried out with twenty germplasms obtained from ICAR-AICRP on MAP, college of Horticulture, Mandsaur. The analysis of variance revealed significant difference in all the growth parameters among the germplasms. However, G19 IC-0622541 recorded maximum leaf area (244.50, 1297.09, 4977.09, 7492.67 and 11461.17 cm2 plant-1), leaf area index (0.321, 1.307, 3.425 and 3.949) and leaf area duration (25.69, 104.57, 273.97 and 315.90 cm2 day-1) during all the growth intervals. While, crop growth rate (0.060, 0.422 g cm-2 day-1) and relative growth rate (0.052, 0.117 g g-1 day-1) were higher till 120 days after transplanting in G19 IC-0622541 but in later stages to harvest G11 IC-0622533 was superior in crop growth rate (1.896, 0.340 g cm-2 day-1) and relative growth rate (0.152, 0.108 g g-1 day-1). G14 IC-0622536 had maximum seed yield (29.57 g plant-1) among the germplasms.
本试验采用简单随机区组设计,于2019- 2020年在曼达索尔园艺学院种植香料药用与芳香作物系进行。本研究使用了20份种质资源,这些种质资源来自于中国科学院园艺学院MAP上的ICAR-AICRP。方差分析表明,各种质间的生长参数均存在显著差异。G19 IC-0622541在各生育期的最大叶面积分别为244.50、1297.09、4977.09、7492.67和11461.17 cm2(株-1),叶面积指数分别为0.321、1.307、3.425和3.949,叶面积持续时间分别为25.69、104.57、273.97和315.90 cm2(日-1)。G19 IC-0622541在移栽后120 d前的作物生长率(0.060、0.422 g cm-2 day-1)和相对生长率(0.052、0.117 g g-1 day-1)较高,而在采收后期G11 IC-0622533的作物生长率(1.896、0.340 g cm-2 day-1)和相对生长率(0.152、0.108 g g-1 day-1)较高。G14 IC-0622536种子产量最高,为29.57 g(株-1)。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Demonstrations on Improving Production and Income from Groundnut in Farmers’ Field of Purulia District of West Bengal 示范项目对西孟加拉邦普鲁里亚地区农民花生增产增收的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.0433a
R. Kundu, S. Biswas, R. Poddar, Souradeep Chatterjee
Groundnut (Arachishypogaea) is an oilseed crop grown in West Bengal, India. These nuts are used as oil crops and grain legume crops. Most of the farmers cultivate the traditional and age-old varieties. As a result, the production and productivity are relatively low when compared with that of the recently cultivated varieties. In West Bengal conditions, TG51 and TAG24 varieties are found suitable for small farmers. The present study was carried out in Purulia district of West Bengal. Total twenty-five (25)demonstrations was carried out in the farmers’ field as per the guidelines of All India Coordinated Research Project (ICAR-AICRP). The demonstrations were carried out duringthe 4 months of kharif season (July-October) in the year 2019. The collected data was tabulated and analyzed on the basis of range, mean and percentage Gaps at different percentage have been observed in different management practices like seed rate, seed treatment, fertilizer management and insecticide application.Farmers were motivated to follow new seed varieties and improved management practices.In demonstration fields, gross return increased by 48.80% and net return increased by 53.79% over the farmers’ fields. There was a 7.24% increase in benefit cost ratio. It is necessary to motivate farmers to adopt new technologies for future cultivation and this, in turn, would help to develop the socio- economic status of the farmers of this area.
花生(Arachishypogaea)是一种生长在印度西孟加拉邦的油籽作物。这些坚果被用作油料作物和豆类作物。大多数农民种植传统和古老的品种。因此,与最近栽培的品种相比,产量和生产力相对较低。在西孟加拉邦的条件下,TG51和TAG24品种适合小农种植。本研究是在西孟加拉邦的普里亚区进行的。根据全印度协调研究项目(ICAR-AICRP)的指导方针,总共在农民的田地里进行了25次示范。这些示范活动在2019年的4个月的丰收季节(7月至10月)进行。将收集到的数据按幅度、平均值和百分比制表并进行分析,在不同的种子率、种子处理、肥料管理和杀虫剂施用等管理措施中观察到不同百分比的差距。农民被激励采用新的种子品种和改进的管理方法。示范田的总收益比农户田高48.80%,净收益比农户田高53.79%。效益成本比增加了7.24%。有必要鼓励农民在未来的耕作中采用新技术,这反过来又有助于提高该地区农民的社会经济地位。
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引用次数: 2
Black Root Rot of Strawberry: A Disease Complex 草莓黑根腐病:一种复合病害
Pub Date : 2022-05-28 DOI: 10.23910/2/2022.0455a
Neelam Kumari, A. Thakur
Historically, root diseases have been a production-limiting problem for the strawberry industry worldwide. Even though this disease is of great economic importance, the etiology remains unresolved. However, soilborne fungal root pathogens, particularly Pythium and Rhizoctonia spp. have been implicated as major role players. Presence of nematodes in soil and favourable environmental conditions also play significant role in the disease development. Development of integrated disease management strategies is dependent upon a more complete understanding of the etiology, biology and ecology of the disease complex.
从历史上看,根系病害一直是全球草莓产业的生产限制问题。尽管这种疾病具有重大的经济意义,但其病因仍未解决。然而,土壤传播的真菌根病原体,特别是霉和根核菌被认为是主要的角色参与者。土壤中线虫的存在和良好的环境条件也对疾病的发展起着重要作用。综合疾病管理策略的发展依赖于对疾病复杂的病因学、生物学和生态学更全面的了解。
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of Economic Plants
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