This study has focused on the implementation of distributed generation to reduce the number of power cuts in densely populated areas, due to its possible benefits that have been published by some researchers. The implemented methodology seeks to determine an adequate percentage of DG penetration to solve electrical interruption problems caused by low voltage levels. Therefore, the power flow simulations will be performed by implementing the ETAP power system analysis software, using the IEEE 34-node test system. The process will be carried out through different DG penetration scenarios, to finally analyze the results based on the voltage and power parameters, which allow studying the quality of energy and the increases in energy losses of the electrical networks. The main results obtained are directly related to the level of DG penetration where, when applying the same amount of DG in the four study areas, it was observed that in order to determine the percentage of DG penetration, it is necessary to find the areas with the greatest effect on the, which in this case was the one with the lowest voltage level, causing the greatest increase in current and obtaining a considerable percentage, but complying with the established parameters. This research lays the foundations for the integration of DG at the medium voltage distribution level, for which future work is proposed on the study at the low voltage distribution level.
{"title":"Analysis of the impact on voltage due to the massive connection of distributed generation to reduce electrical interruptions in densely populated areas","authors":"Karielis Fernández Aguilar, Jessica Guevara Cedeño","doi":"10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997780","url":null,"abstract":"This study has focused on the implementation of distributed generation to reduce the number of power cuts in densely populated areas, due to its possible benefits that have been published by some researchers. The implemented methodology seeks to determine an adequate percentage of DG penetration to solve electrical interruption problems caused by low voltage levels. Therefore, the power flow simulations will be performed by implementing the ETAP power system analysis software, using the IEEE 34-node test system. The process will be carried out through different DG penetration scenarios, to finally analyze the results based on the voltage and power parameters, which allow studying the quality of energy and the increases in energy losses of the electrical networks. The main results obtained are directly related to the level of DG penetration where, when applying the same amount of DG in the four study areas, it was observed that in order to determine the percentage of DG penetration, it is necessary to find the areas with the greatest effect on the, which in this case was the one with the lowest voltage level, causing the greatest increase in current and obtaining a considerable percentage, but complying with the established parameters. This research lays the foundations for the integration of DG at the medium voltage distribution level, for which future work is proposed on the study at the low voltage distribution level.","PeriodicalId":138415,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 40th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124265245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997739
Ivan Armuelles Voinov, Joaquín Chung, R. Kettimuthu, Borja Bordel, R. Alcarria, T. Robles
Communication systems have advanced in recent years to meet the demand for connectivity anywhere and at any time with the highest level of service. As 5G mobile networks are being rolled out this decade, academics and industry leaders are starting to define what 6G networks would be. Urban areas, where commercial opportunities are more attractive, are where 5G developments are more evident, while rural areas are mostly excluded from the new advantages of modern technology. In this paper, we present our vision of a 6G network based on free software and open hardware for building sustainable, reliable, and low-cost communications networks in rural and remote areas.
{"title":"Towards 6G Networks for Rural Environments: Vision for Improving Digital Inclusion through Open Source Hardware and Software","authors":"Ivan Armuelles Voinov, Joaquín Chung, R. Kettimuthu, Borja Bordel, R. Alcarria, T. Robles","doi":"10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997739","url":null,"abstract":"Communication systems have advanced in recent years to meet the demand for connectivity anywhere and at any time with the highest level of service. As 5G mobile networks are being rolled out this decade, academics and industry leaders are starting to define what 6G networks would be. Urban areas, where commercial opportunities are more attractive, are where 5G developments are more evident, while rural areas are mostly excluded from the new advantages of modern technology. In this paper, we present our vision of a 6G network based on free software and open hardware for building sustainable, reliable, and low-cost communications networks in rural and remote areas.","PeriodicalId":138415,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 40th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130356366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997715
Flores L. Carlos, Rosales M. Edwing
Energy consumption is a critical variable in a world increasingly concerned about environmental sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to have procedures that facilitate its measurement. This article presents a summary of the aspects to be considered when planning to monitor energy consumption in a CNC milling process. The synthesis is presented in the form of an algorithm and a set of guiding criteria. The algorithm has been examined evaluating the detailed consumption in a milling of cavities.
{"title":"Algorithm and criteria for the measurement of energy consumption in a CNC milling machine: a proposal","authors":"Flores L. Carlos, Rosales M. Edwing","doi":"10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997715","url":null,"abstract":"Energy consumption is a critical variable in a world increasingly concerned about environmental sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to have procedures that facilitate its measurement. This article presents a summary of the aspects to be considered when planning to monitor energy consumption in a CNC milling process. The synthesis is presented in the form of an algorithm and a set of guiding criteria. The algorithm has been examined evaluating the detailed consumption in a milling of cavities.","PeriodicalId":138415,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 40th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122859275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997804
J. Ramos, Carlos Pocasangre, Luis Chevez, Armando Martínez, J. Osorto, Diego Escobar
Harmonic Voltage and flicker measurements have been conducted at Universidad de El Salvador since 2005. Compliance has been analyzed in reference to the national power quality standard issued by SIGET (General Superintendence of Electricity and Telecommunications). Third harmonic and total harmonic distortion voltage levels have been increasing sustainably since 2005 due to the evolution of loads and systems connected to the distribution network. Individual distortion 95% values for 3rd harmonic voltage are about to exceed the limits established by SIGET, IEEE-519 and EN50160 standards. Public utilities have reported overloading of grounding transformers due to the presence of 3rd harmonic currents.
自2005年以来，在萨尔瓦多大学进行了谐波电压和闪烁测量。参照SIGET (General supervisory of Electricity and Telecommunications)发布的国家电能质量标准进行了符合性分析。自2005年以来，由于连接到配电网的负载和系统的演变，三次谐波和总谐波失真电压水平一直在持续增加。三次谐波电压的个别失真95%值即将超过SIGET, IEEE-519和EN50160标准规定的限值。公用事业报告说，由于三次谐波电流的存在，接地变压器过载。
{"title":"Third harmonic voltage distortion levels in an urban distribution network in El Salvador","authors":"J. Ramos, Carlos Pocasangre, Luis Chevez, Armando Martínez, J. Osorto, Diego Escobar","doi":"10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997804","url":null,"abstract":"Harmonic Voltage and flicker measurements have been conducted at Universidad de El Salvador since 2005. Compliance has been analyzed in reference to the national power quality standard issued by SIGET (General Superintendence of Electricity and Telecommunications). Third harmonic and total harmonic distortion voltage levels have been increasing sustainably since 2005 due to the evolution of loads and systems connected to the distribution network. Individual distortion 95% values for 3rd harmonic voltage are about to exceed the limits established by SIGET, IEEE-519 and EN50160 standards. Public utilities have reported overloading of grounding transformers due to the presence of 3rd harmonic currents.","PeriodicalId":138415,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 40th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124192147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997659
R. Iracheta-Cortez, M. A. Hernández-Rodríguez
In this paper are presented the main steps for developing an analytical design methodology of Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for its use in direct-drive small wind turbines. First, to attain this aim, it is proposed the full magnetic circuit representation of the TF-PMSG. Next, the nodal analysis technique is used to find an algebraic expression for solving the airgap flux. The proposed analytical methodology has been coded in Matlab for analyzing the performance of the TF-PMSG’s over a full range of operation speeds and load conditions. Finally, the performance analysis of the TF-PMSG has been exhaustively validated through 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA).
{"title":"Design and Performance Analysis of a Transverse-Flux PMSG for Applications in Small Wind Turbines","authors":"R. Iracheta-Cortez, M. A. Hernández-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997659","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper are presented the main steps for developing an analytical design methodology of Transverse Flux Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for its use in direct-drive small wind turbines. First, to attain this aim, it is proposed the full magnetic circuit representation of the TF-PMSG. Next, the nodal analysis technique is used to find an algebraic expression for solving the airgap flux. The proposed analytical methodology has been coded in Matlab for analyzing the performance of the TF-PMSG’s over a full range of operation speeds and load conditions. Finally, the performance analysis of the TF-PMSG has been exhaustively validated through 3D Finite Element Analysis (FEA).","PeriodicalId":138415,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 40th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129171467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997612
Kelman Belloso, DE Altuve
This document describes the development of a virtual plant prototype inside a Raspberry-pi. The goal is to have low-cost, educational-use equipment that can emulate behavior of 3 physical systems: temperature controlled system, water tank level and angular velocity. The applicability of disturbances to the studied systems was also considered within the code.Parallel to the calculation of the instantaneous value produced by the difference equation developed for each system, the screen of the prototype shows an animation similar to those used in: a SCADA system, Visual Basic, LabView or others.The user can choose the FT of the system to be controlled by selecting from drop-down lists: one of the three systems mentioned and certain characteristics that modify the FT of the system under study.In total there are 27 FT that can be used, additionally the code developed in Python has been structured in a modular way to add new FT and animations corresponding to the system to be developed. The prototype has been tested and its results compared with the equivalent physical system, with an average of 95% similarity for each system. Functional tests were also carried out with digital controllers, including a proportional control in Siemens S7-1200 PLC.
{"title":"Development of virtual plant over embedded system","authors":"Kelman Belloso, DE Altuve","doi":"10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997612","url":null,"abstract":"This document describes the development of a virtual plant prototype inside a Raspberry-pi. The goal is to have low-cost, educational-use equipment that can emulate behavior of 3 physical systems: temperature controlled system, water tank level and angular velocity. The applicability of disturbances to the studied systems was also considered within the code.Parallel to the calculation of the instantaneous value produced by the difference equation developed for each system, the screen of the prototype shows an animation similar to those used in: a SCADA system, Visual Basic, LabView or others.The user can choose the FT of the system to be controlled by selecting from drop-down lists: one of the three systems mentioned and certain characteristics that modify the FT of the system under study.In total there are 27 FT that can be used, additionally the code developed in Python has been structured in a modular way to add new FT and animations corresponding to the system to be developed. The prototype has been tested and its results compared with the equivalent physical system, with an average of 95% similarity for each system. Functional tests were also carried out with digital controllers, including a proportional control in Siemens S7-1200 PLC.","PeriodicalId":138415,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 40th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115374551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997624
Orlando Enrique Olarte Lopez, José Julián Quintero Cervera, Alejandro Von Chong
Fruit and vegetable crops are exposed to pests which differ depending on the crop. Particularly, in the case of tomato, fruit flies, when not detected in time, invade the crops leaving larvae that damage them, making the treatment of this pest to be done in a late way, the fumigation is done with backpacks which represents a need for personnel and a greater economic resource. Being the objective to make an early detection and a better treatment in terms of fumigation, we have made a low-cost system that detects and fumigates autonomously tomato crops. Our design is divided into two main segments, the first one an attractant trap, which detects the fruit fly with the help of FC-51 infrared sensors; the second one a spraying system composed of a solenoid valve, a pump and a sprinkler. Both are connected by means of a wireless communicator (ESP32) using the ESP-NOW protocol. Tests of both segments working together were carried out, resulting in a system that, being autonomous and easy to implement, represents an advantage for the grower.
{"title":"Wireless-based pest control in tomato crops","authors":"Orlando Enrique Olarte Lopez, José Julián Quintero Cervera, Alejandro Von Chong","doi":"10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997624","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit and vegetable crops are exposed to pests which differ depending on the crop. Particularly, in the case of tomato, fruit flies, when not detected in time, invade the crops leaving larvae that damage them, making the treatment of this pest to be done in a late way, the fumigation is done with backpacks which represents a need for personnel and a greater economic resource. Being the objective to make an early detection and a better treatment in terms of fumigation, we have made a low-cost system that detects and fumigates autonomously tomato crops. Our design is divided into two main segments, the first one an attractant trap, which detects the fruit fly with the help of FC-51 infrared sensors; the second one a spraying system composed of a solenoid valve, a pump and a sprinkler. Both are connected by means of a wireless communicator (ESP32) using the ESP-NOW protocol. Tests of both segments working together were carried out, resulting in a system that, being autonomous and easy to implement, represents an advantage for the grower.","PeriodicalId":138415,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 40th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114256418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997633
O. Somarriba, Henry Jaentschke Urbina
Android malware depend heavily on DNS traffic to provide flexible communications between compromised smart devices and malicious infrastructure. Nevertheless, we found that there is a gap between connecting DNS queries requests by smart devices and the logs at the DNS-service network level to work altogether. So, this paper combines and correlates two approaches: top-down detection by identifying malware domains using DNS traces at the network level, and bottom-up detection at the device level using the dynamic analysis in order to capture the URLs requested on a number of applications to pinpoint the malware. Here, we propose a URL-based dynamic monitoring of Android malware, with two parts, namely: (i) a client side which is a DNS sniffer that captures and classifies (through the usage of blacklists) the URL(s) requested by app(s) under scrutiny running on the smart device, and (ii) a central server where these URLs are collected and classified by using a machine learning algorithms and where a visualization takes place of the most malware attacks detected. Addditionally, the malicious URLs discovered are used in order to carry out a string pattern matching search into the DNS logs of DSN servers to pinpoint another infected device. Our experimental results with the proposed monitoring system using the Random Forest algorithm show, regarding the F1-Score, a better performance than the previous works with Decision Tree algorithm such as J.48 classifier.
{"title":"URL-Based Dynamic Monitoring of Android Malware using Machine Learning","authors":"O. Somarriba, Henry Jaentschke Urbina","doi":"10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997633","url":null,"abstract":"Android malware depend heavily on DNS traffic to provide flexible communications between compromised smart devices and malicious infrastructure. Nevertheless, we found that there is a gap between connecting DNS queries requests by smart devices and the logs at the DNS-service network level to work altogether. So, this paper combines and correlates two approaches: top-down detection by identifying malware domains using DNS traces at the network level, and bottom-up detection at the device level using the dynamic analysis in order to capture the URLs requested on a number of applications to pinpoint the malware. Here, we propose a URL-based dynamic monitoring of Android malware, with two parts, namely: (i) a client side which is a DNS sniffer that captures and classifies (through the usage of blacklists) the URL(s) requested by app(s) under scrutiny running on the smart device, and (ii) a central server where these URLs are collected and classified by using a machine learning algorithms and where a visualization takes place of the most malware attacks detected. Addditionally, the malicious URLs discovered are used in order to carry out a string pattern matching search into the DNS logs of DSN servers to pinpoint another infected device. Our experimental results with the proposed monitoring system using the Random Forest algorithm show, regarding the F1-Score, a better performance than the previous works with Decision Tree algorithm such as J.48 classifier.","PeriodicalId":138415,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 40th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125477514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997722
Yoswaldo Gómez Cabrera, Gabriel Villaseñor Castro, R. Cortez, Iridian Karime Ángeles Pérez
This paper presents a comparison of the wind resource in the coastal zone of Tabasco, Mexico for planning and designing on-shore wind farms. This comparison is made through physical and virtual weather stations called MERRA2 and ERA5. The wind characteristics at the chosen site are presented, then the wind resource analysis is made. The power density will be determined and based on this, the wind farm will be designed with the wind turbine and its layout that obtains the highest power and electricity production.
{"title":"Comparison of wind resource from physical and virtual weather stations in the municipality of La Estrella Tabasco","authors":"Yoswaldo Gómez Cabrera, Gabriel Villaseñor Castro, R. Cortez, Iridian Karime Ángeles Pérez","doi":"10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997722","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparison of the wind resource in the coastal zone of Tabasco, Mexico for planning and designing on-shore wind farms. This comparison is made through physical and virtual weather stations called MERRA2 and ERA5. The wind characteristics at the chosen site are presented, then the wind resource analysis is made. The power density will be determined and based on this, the wind farm will be designed with the wind turbine and its layout that obtains the highest power and electricity production.","PeriodicalId":138415,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 40th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121516312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997667
E. Collado, Gokul Harish, Y. Sáez
Air pollution is a phenomenon that combines and rapidly spreads solid particles and gases in the air, being one of the great problems that affects the environment and health of living beings worldwide. Polluted air contains hazardous gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), chloro-fluro-carbons, ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5). These pollution agents must be monitored and maintained within standards. One of the solutions currently implemented is the use of fixed monitoring stations that measure the concentration of pollutants. These stations normally operate using power from the electrical distribution network, which is not feasible when measurements are taken in remote locations. Another option is to use a battery bank to power the stations, which makes the system expensive, heavy, and dependent. Therefore, the main objective in this work is to propose an air pollution monitoring system that is powered by solar energy, which is an energy source abundant in nature in most countries. This prototype is implemented in project ITE18-R2-011: Monitoring network based on the Internet of Things for the generation of air pollution indicators in Panama, which is funded by the Panamanian Government and SENACYT. This would make the system cost-effective, compact, environmental-friendly, and autonomous in terms of its source. Design process starts with literature survey on conventional designs and solar cells. Additionally, there will be study on solar radiation in Panama. After that a PCB will be designed for this which can be optimized further for better efficiency in terms of power consumption.
{"title":"Design of a solar-powered air pollution monitoring system under tropical climate environments","authors":"E. Collado, Gokul Harish, Y. Sáez","doi":"10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CONCAPAN48024.2022.9997667","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is a phenomenon that combines and rapidly spreads solid particles and gases in the air, being one of the great problems that affects the environment and health of living beings worldwide. Polluted air contains hazardous gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), chloro-fluro-carbons, ozone (O3), and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5). These pollution agents must be monitored and maintained within standards. One of the solutions currently implemented is the use of fixed monitoring stations that measure the concentration of pollutants. These stations normally operate using power from the electrical distribution network, which is not feasible when measurements are taken in remote locations. Another option is to use a battery bank to power the stations, which makes the system expensive, heavy, and dependent. Therefore, the main objective in this work is to propose an air pollution monitoring system that is powered by solar energy, which is an energy source abundant in nature in most countries. This prototype is implemented in project ITE18-R2-011: Monitoring network based on the Internet of Things for the generation of air pollution indicators in Panama, which is funded by the Panamanian Government and SENACYT. This would make the system cost-effective, compact, environmental-friendly, and autonomous in terms of its source. Design process starts with literature survey on conventional designs and solar cells. Additionally, there will be study on solar radiation in Panama. After that a PCB will be designed for this which can be optimized further for better efficiency in terms of power consumption.","PeriodicalId":138415,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 40th Central America and Panama Convention (CONCAPAN)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125742439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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