Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.08
E. Altınöz, Ergin Murat Altuner
{"title":"Responses of some Escherichia coli clinical isolate strains with multiple drug resistance and overexpressed efux pumps against efux pump inhibitors","authors":"E. Altınöz, Ergin Murat Altuner","doi":"10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73908007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-15DOI: 10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.10
L. Lebedeva, Z. Aytasheva, T. Bergès, B. Zhumabaeva, Zh. Agadil, A. Nuketay
{"title":"Studying the impact of anthocyanin extract from black rice on regenerative abilities in the zebrafish Danio rerio","authors":"L. Lebedeva, Z. Aytasheva, T. Bergès, B. Zhumabaeva, Zh. Agadil, A. Nuketay","doi":"10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26577/ijbch.2020.v13.i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87769749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the basis of the known numerosity abilities of the ant Myrmica sabuleti, it was checked if workers of this species could associate a symbol with a number of elements through conditioning, an ability rarely encountered in invertebrates and never mentioned in ants. Working each time on two colonies, we observed that these ants could associate a particular shape used as a symbol with 1, 2, 3 or 4 displayed dots. This acquired association was only slightly affected by a change in shape, color or size of the sighed elements. This elementary association of a symbol with a number by an ant has also been observed in bees, while vertebrates such as birds and monkeys can bring this ability at a more complex level.
{"title":"Ants Can Associate a Symbol with a Number of Elements Through Conditioning","authors":"M. Cammaerts, R. Cammaerts","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n3p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n3p1","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of the known numerosity abilities of the ant Myrmica sabuleti, it was checked if workers of this species could associate a symbol with a number of elements through conditioning, an ability rarely encountered in invertebrates and never mentioned in ants. Working each time on two colonies, we observed that these ants could associate a particular shape used as a symbol with 1, 2, 3 or 4 displayed dots. This acquired association was only slightly affected by a change in shape, color or size of the sighed elements. This elementary association of a symbol with a number by an ant has also been observed in bees, while vertebrates such as birds and monkeys can bring this ability at a more complex level.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79540043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Buriev Sulaymon Burievich, Yuldoshov Laziz Tolibovich
The article provides information on the growth, development, reproduction and degree of purification of wastewater from organo-mineral substances of the high water plant pistia (Pistia stratiotes L) oil refining plant wastewater.
{"title":"Biological Treatment of Wastewater from Production Enterprises","authors":"Buriev Sulaymon Burievich, Yuldoshov Laziz Tolibovich","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n3p14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n3p14","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides information on the growth, development, reproduction and degree of purification of wastewater from organo-mineral substances of the high water plant pistia (Pistia stratiotes L) oil refining plant wastewater.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82602431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2020
《International Journal of Biology》，Vol. 12, No. 2, 2020
{"title":"Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 12, No. 2","authors":"L. Bai","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n2p72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n2p72","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 12, No. 2, 2020","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79949045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to model and analyse a dynamic of feed conversion coefficient in pigs' ontogeny. Feed conversion is a process that couples feed intake, and growth. While there has been much research into the problem, a quantitative relation between the traits has not been revealed. The study considers feed as nutrient weight rather than its energy or a separate feedstuff. A main task of the research is to find out an analytical function between the traits. It is expected that the study will provide a new insight into the problem. Animals are open systems; they need feed to sustain life, to grow and develop. It is plausible to suppose that growth of animal is a function of feed conversion and body weight. To find out and analyse this function a deterministic model of growth was built. The model was built as a dynamic system that describes the growth of individual animals. Both continuum and discrete-time modelling techniques are employed. The model is based on a data set obtained in experiments and field observations. Theoretical notions about the growth have been used for the model analyses. It is shown that in ontogeny feed conversion and growth rate are functionally related traits. Between the traits, there is a nonlinear relation that concerns the growth rate, and feed conversion coefficient. In the model, the feed conversion coefficient is the variable that determines the dynamic of growth.
{"title":"A Model of Animals Phenotype with Superior Growth","authors":"V. L. Stass","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n2p65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n2p65","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to model and analyse a dynamic of feed conversion coefficient in pigs' ontogeny. Feed conversion is a process that couples feed intake, and growth. While there has been much research into the problem, a quantitative relation between the traits has not been revealed. The study considers feed as nutrient weight rather than its energy or a separate feedstuff. A main task of the research is to find out an analytical function between the traits. It is expected that the study will provide a new insight into the problem.\u0000\u0000Animals are open systems; they need feed to sustain life, to grow and develop. It is plausible to suppose that growth of animal is a function of feed conversion and body weight. To find out and analyse this function a deterministic model of growth was built. The model was built as a dynamic system that describes the growth of individual animals. Both continuum and discrete-time modelling techniques are employed. The model is based on a data set obtained in experiments and field observations. Theoretical notions about the growth have been used for the model analyses.\u0000\u0000It is shown that in ontogeny feed conversion and growth rate are functionally related traits. Between the traits, there is a nonlinear relation that concerns the growth rate, and feed conversion coefficient. In the model, the feed conversion coefficient is the variable that determines the dynamic of growth.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79425927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are several barriers to preclude the gene flow between diverging populations. On the basis of their temporal nature, these can be broadly categorized into two forms: pre- and post-zygotic. Post-zygotic reproductive isolation can manifest in the form of reductions in hybrid fertility. Keeping this fact in view, in the present study, we studied sterility in hybrids of D. ananassae and D. pallidosa. Surprisingly a distinguishable pattern of infertility was found in the hybrids. This pattern, referred to as Haldane’s rule, is often observed in hybrids of recently diverged populations or species. Reduction in the fertility of hybrids provides the clue of incipient kind of post-zygotic reproductive isolation in these two sibling species. This is the first report of hybrid sterility in this species pair. However, hybrid sterility is not very prominent especially when compared to that of other species pairs with the similar divergence time. Thus, on the basis of our results, we conclude that either sexual isolation between these sibling species is sufficient and does not require the aid of post-zygotic isolation to preclude gene flow or rate of divergence between D. ananassae and D. pallidosa is very slow in comparison to other species pair or even races of some species.
{"title":"Evidence for Initiation of Post-Zygotic Reproductive Isolation between Drosophila ananassae and D. pallidosa as Indicated by Reduction in the Fertility of Hybrid Males","authors":"Roshni Singh, B. N. Singh","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n2p41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n2p41","url":null,"abstract":"There are several barriers to preclude the gene flow between diverging populations. On the basis of their temporal nature, these can be broadly categorized into two forms: pre- and post-zygotic. Post-zygotic reproductive isolation can manifest in the form of reductions in hybrid fertility. Keeping this fact in view, in the present study, we studied sterility in hybrids of D. ananassae and D. pallidosa. Surprisingly a distinguishable pattern of infertility was found in the hybrids. This pattern, referred to as Haldane’s rule, is often observed in hybrids of recently diverged populations or species. Reduction in the fertility of hybrids provides the clue of incipient kind of post-zygotic reproductive isolation in these two sibling species. This is the first report of hybrid sterility in this species pair. However, hybrid sterility is not very prominent especially when compared to that of other species pairs with the similar divergence time. Thus, on the basis of our results, we conclude that either sexual isolation between these sibling species is sufficient and does not require the aid of post-zygotic isolation to preclude gene flow or rate of divergence between D. ananassae and D. pallidosa is very slow in comparison to other species pair or even races of some species.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75000462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During speciation different kinds of reproductive barriers originate to preclude gene flow between diverging populations. Reproductive isolation or barriers to gene flow can be categorized by the temporal nature of their effect: pre-zygotic barriers occur before fertilization and post-zygotic barriers occur after fertilization. In this study, we studied each components of reproductive isolation between D. ananassae and D. pallidosa, including both pre-zygotic and post-zygotic barriers. Because it might be possible that by dissecting these barriers one can get the answers of many unresolved questions related to the process of speciation of these two sibling species. We reported premating isolation because females of both D. ananassae and D. pallidosa were more discriminative for mating against the alien males rather than conspecific males, and this discrimination was much stronger in case of D. ananassae females for being the ancestral and cosmopolitan species. We also did not find any decrease in the production of progeny or viable offspring in comparison to conspecific males, indicating a lack of postmating prezygotic isolating barriers. Further, there is no complete lack of intrinsic post-zygotic isolation between these species or not complete presence of post-zygotic isolation, as both the hybrid sons were producing less number of progeny in comparison to all the crosses but it is near to significant but not significant and this is contrasting to the results of a previous study.
{"title":"Studies on Mating Preference and Productivity in Drosophila ananassae and D. pallidosa and Their Hybrids","authors":"Roshni Singh, B. N. Singh","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n2p52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n2p52","url":null,"abstract":"During speciation different kinds of reproductive barriers originate to preclude gene flow between diverging populations. Reproductive isolation or barriers to gene flow can be categorized by the temporal nature of their effect: pre-zygotic barriers occur before fertilization and post-zygotic barriers occur after fertilization. In this study, we studied each components of reproductive isolation between D. ananassae and D. pallidosa, including both pre-zygotic and post-zygotic barriers. Because it might be possible that by dissecting these barriers one can get the answers of many unresolved questions related to the process of speciation of these two sibling species. We reported premating isolation because females of both D. ananassae and D. pallidosa were more discriminative for mating against the alien males rather than conspecific males, and this discrimination was much stronger in case of D. ananassae females for being the ancestral and cosmopolitan species. We also did not find any decrease in the production of progeny or viable offspring in comparison to conspecific males, indicating a lack of postmating prezygotic isolating barriers. Further, there is no complete lack of intrinsic post-zygotic isolation between these species or not complete presence of post-zygotic isolation, as both the hybrid sons were producing less number of progeny in comparison to all the crosses but it is near to significant but not significant and this is contrasting to the results of a previous study.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78805822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It was previously shown that workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti can discriminate small numbers of elements during testing when these elements were identical to those learned during training. Here we examine if this numerosity ability still subsists if the shape, color, size or location of the elements (dots) to count are modified between training and testing. We found that the ants’ counting ability was not significantly affected by changing one of these features although a somewhat lesser ability was observed. Among the changes, it was that of the relative position of the elements which disrupted the most the ants’ counting ability, followed by a change of their size. A change in the color or the shape affected the least the ants’ counting. These impacts of feature changes in the learned cues on the ants’ counting can be explained by characteristics of the visual perception of the species as well as by its behavioral ecology.
{"title":"Influence of Shape, Color, Size and Relative Position of Elements on Their Counting by an Ant","authors":"M. Cammaerts, R. Cammaerts","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n2p26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n2p26","url":null,"abstract":"It was previously shown that workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti can discriminate small numbers of elements during testing when these elements were identical to those learned during training. Here we examine if this numerosity ability still subsists if the shape, color, size or location of the elements (dots) to count are modified between training and testing. We found that the ants’ counting ability was not significantly affected by changing one of these features although a somewhat lesser ability was observed. Among the changes, it was that of the relative position of the elements which disrupted the most the ants’ counting ability, followed by a change of their size. A change in the color or the shape affected the least the ants’ counting. These impacts of feature changes in the learned cues on the ants’ counting can be explained by characteristics of the visual perception of the species as well as by its behavioral ecology.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81989975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti were previously shown to have a compressed left to right oriented mental number line. It remained to know if they detain this trait soon after their emergence, or if they have to acquire it in the course of their life. We worked on workers a few days to at most 5-6 weeks old, maintained in small artificial nests. We trained them either to a small number of dots versus a larger one, or to a large number versus a smaller one, and tested them in front of twice the small or the large number of dots presented on the left as well as on the right of respectively the larger or the smaller number. The young ants went preferentially to the small number located on the left of the larger one, and to the large number located on the right of the smaller one. Such a left or right preference occurred only in the presence of a larger or a smaller number set between the two small or large presented numbers. Young ants thus mentally locate the small amounts on their left and the larger ones on their right. Their representation of amounts on an oriented line could be native.
{"title":"Young Ants Already Possess a Mental Number Line","authors":"M. Cammaerts, R. Cammaerts","doi":"10.5539/ijb.v12n2p1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/ijb.v12n2p1","url":null,"abstract":"The workers of the ant Myrmica sabuleti were previously shown to have a compressed left to right oriented mental number line. It remained to know if they detain this trait soon after their emergence, or if they have to acquire it in the course of their life. We worked on workers a few days to at most 5-6 weeks old, maintained in small artificial nests. We trained them either to a small number of dots versus a larger one, or to a large number versus a smaller one, and tested them in front of twice the small or the large number of dots presented on the left as well as on the right of respectively the larger or the smaller number. The young ants went preferentially to the small number located on the left of the larger one, and to the large number located on the right of the smaller one. Such a left or right preference occurred only in the presence of a larger or a smaller number set between the two small or large presented numbers. Young ants thus mentally locate the small amounts on their left and the larger ones on their right. Their representation of amounts on an oriented line could be native.","PeriodicalId":13849,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82544826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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