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Cognitive profile of individuals with borderline intellectual functioning: A systematic review 边缘智力功能个体的认知概况：系统回顾

IF 2.8 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Intelligence

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101974

Cristina Orío-Aparicio, Carmen López-Escribano, Cristina Bel-Fenellós

Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) is defined as a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by an intelligence quotient between 71 and 85, along with difficulties in adaptive functioning. Although individuals with this condition experience various challenges and require support in different areas of life, research on this topic remains limited. Therefore, this article presents a systematic review aimed at describing the cognitive profile of individuals with BIF. The review included studies addressing the intellectual functioning of the BIF population published between 2012 and 2024. The literature search was conducted in the ProQuest, WoS, SCOPUS, and EBSCOhost databases. Finally, a total of 33 articles were included, and their quality was assessed using the SSAHS tool. The results were organised into three categories: general cognitive abilities, executive functions, language cognition, and neurophysiology. The analysis indicates that individuals with BIF exhibit a cognitive profile characterised by deficits in various domains, including executive functions (such as working memory, cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and planning), general cognitive abilities (such as memory, attention, abstract thinking, problem-solving, arithmetic, and concentration), and language-related cognitive skills, both oral and written. Additionally, neuroimaging techniques suggest that BIF is also associated with structural and functional alterations in the brain. The implications and limitations of the study are discussed, as well as the need for future research with larger samples and more comprehensive assessments. Additionally, the necessity of promoting policies and services that include this population is emphasised.

边缘性智力功能（BIF）被定义为一种神经发育状况，其特征是智商在71到85之间，并伴有适应功能困难。尽管患有这种疾病的人在生活的不同领域经历各种挑战并需要支持，但对这一主题的研究仍然有限。因此，本文提出了一项系统的综述，旨在描述BIF患者的认知概况。该综述包括了2012年至2024年间发表的关于BIF人群智力功能的研究。在ProQuest、WoS、SCOPUS和EBSCOhost数据库中进行文献检索。最后，共纳入33篇文献，使用SSAHS工具对其质量进行评估。测试结果分为三类：一般认知能力、执行功能、语言认知和神经生理学。分析表明，患有BIF的个体表现出不同领域的认知缺陷，包括执行功能（如工作记忆、认知灵活性、处理速度和计划）、一般认知能力（如记忆、注意力、抽象思维、解决问题、算术和注意力）以及与语言相关的口头和书面认知技能。此外，神经影像学技术提示BIF也与大脑结构和功能改变有关。讨论了本研究的意义和局限性，以及未来研究更大样本和更全面评估的必要性。此外，还强调了促进包括这一人口在内的政策和服务的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Varieties of divergent thinking: A network analysis of Guilford, Merriefield and Cox (1961) 发散思维的多样性：吉尔福德、梅里菲尔德和考克斯（1961）的网络分析

IF 2.8 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Intelligence

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101975

Baptiste Barbot , Lea Marie Naczenski , Matthijs Baas , Claire E. Stevenson

Grounded in the historical development of Guilford's Structure of Intellect model (SOI), this study examines the structure of divergent thinking (DT) and its relationship with other cognitive abilities using psychometric network analysis. It reanalyzes data from an unpublished report by Guilford, Merriefield and Cox (1961), encompassing 27 DT tasks (i.e., different operationalizations of DT which varied according to their content and product dimensions) and six cognitive ability tasks administered to 661 adolescents: verbal comprehension, verbal reasoning, word meaning, paragraph meaning, numerical ability, and processing speed. Results showed that (a) the association in performance between different DT tasks varies greatly, albeit, small to moderate in size; (b) DT tasks were more strongly interrelated when they belonged to the same SOI facet or shared the same content domain (rather than product dimension), (c) a similar pattern emerged in the relationships between DT and other cognitive abilities, with stronger links observed when tasks shared the same content domain, and despite (d) no clear clusters of closely related tasks identified in the network; Finally (e), among all 27 DT operationalizations, the Alternate Uses Task (AUT) — a prevalent DT task used in creativity and intelligence research —emerged as the most central task. Together, this study provides a “fresh” look to the enduring issue of the dimensionality of DT, the importance of content alignment in interpreting associations across DT and other cognitive ability measures, and in turn, the usefulness of the SOI model of intelligence.

本研究以吉尔福德智力结构模型（SOI）的历史发展为基础，运用心理测量网络分析方法探讨了发散思维的结构及其与其他认知能力的关系。它重新分析了Guilford， Merriefield和Cox（1961）未发表的报告中的数据，包括27个DT任务（即根据其内容和产品维度而变化的DT的不同操作方式）和对661名青少年实施的六项认知能力任务：口头理解，口头推理，单词含义，段落含义，数字能力和处理速度。结果表明：(a)不同的DT任务之间的绩效关联差异很大，尽管在大小上是小到中等的；(b)当DT任务属于相同的SOI方面或共享相同的内容域（而不是产品维度）时，它们之间的相关性更强；(c) DT任务与其他认知能力之间的关系出现了类似的模式，当任务共享相同的内容域时，观察到更强的联系，尽管(d)在网络中没有明确的密切相关任务集群；最后(e)，在所有27种DT操作中，替代用途任务（AUT）——一种在创造力和智力研究中普遍使用的DT任务——成为最核心的任务。总之，本研究提供了一个“新鲜”的视角，以解决持续存在的DT维度问题，内容对齐在解释跨DT和其他认知能力测量的关联中的重要性，以及反过来，SOI智力模型的有用性。

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引用次数: 0

Development of the language of personality sphere: Historical evidence for intellect's role in hierarchical-reticular models 人格领域语言的发展：层次-网状模型中智力角色的历史证据

IF 2.8 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Intelligence

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101987

Mark A. Hamilton

Intellect has been a fundamental trait within the Language of Personality Sphere (LPS) since the semantic construct was conceived. Progress modeling the structure and function of the LPS can be traced back to developments in hierarchical factor analysis. Structured systems theory locates domains (i.e., adaptations) within shallow, deep, or core strata of the LPS. Cattell and Digman proposed causal relations within and between strata; but after their initial tests, they suspended their work on reticular modeling. The established dimensions of the LPS core, personal growth and socialization, were supplemented with the less robust third dimension of emotional regulation. Intellect is hypothesized to lead all three core functions, either directly or indirectly. Retrospective causal modeling of four foundational studies by Cattell and Digman uncovered modest yet consistent support for the three core processes. Factor rotation constraints were found to have attenuated effects in the Cattell studies. Age emerged as a hidden moderator, apparently obscuring multiple key effects. Results suggest that these artifacts likely discouraged the two pioneers of hierarchical-reticular modeling. They prematurely shelved their revolutionary approach to the study of personality, limiting research on the impact of intellect and motivation on social interaction.

自语义结构被提出以来，智力一直是人格语言领域（LPS）的一个基本特征。LPS结构和功能建模的进展可以追溯到分层因子分析的发展。结构化系统理论将域（即适应性）定位在LPS的浅层、深层或核心层中。卡特尔和迪格曼提出了阶层内部和阶层之间的因果关系；但在最初的测试之后，他们暂停了网状模型的研究。在LPS核心的既定维度，个人成长和社会化，辅以不太稳健的情绪调节第三维度。假设智力直接或间接地主导着这三个核心功能。Cattell和Digman对四项基础研究的回顾性因果模型揭示了对三个核心过程的适度但一致的支持。在卡特尔研究中发现，因子旋转约束的作用减弱。年龄是一个隐藏的调节因素，显然掩盖了多重关键影响。结果表明，这些人工制品可能阻碍了这两位分层网状模型的先驱。他们过早地搁置了他们革命性的人格研究方法，限制了智力和动机对社会互动影响的研究。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to ‘analysis of the intelligence quotient and its contribution to reactive violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis’ [intelligence 114 (2026) 101969] “智商分析及其对反应性暴力的贡献：系统回顾和元分析”的勘误表[情报114 (2026)101969]

IF 2.8 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Intelligence

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101989

Ángel Romero-Martínez, Carolina Sarrate-Costa, Luis Moya-Albiol

引用次数: 0

More than correlates: Longitudinal evidence of bidirectional effects between associative learning and fluid intelligence in elementary school children 不仅仅是相关的：小学生联想学习和流体智力之间双向影响的纵向证据

IF 2.8 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Intelligence

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101993

Xuezhu Ren , Shaochun Zhao , Xinyu Huang , Xiaojing Lv

Associative learning enables children to flexibly acquire, organize, and retrieve structured knowledge, while fluid intelligence equips them with the ability to reason, adapt, and apply strategies in unfamiliar situations. Although these abilities have been extensively studied, the developmental relationship between associative learning and fluid intelligence remains underexplored. This three-year longitudinal study examined the bidirectional relationship between associative learning and fluid intelligence in elementary school children. Using a sample of 160 fourth-grade elementary school students assessed at three time points, we employed random intercept cross-lagged panel modeling to disentangle within-person from between-person effects in their relationship, while controlling for working memory and processing speed. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between associative learning and fluid intelligence at the between-person level. At the within-person level, analyses demonstrated reciprocal predictive effects: higher-than-expected associative learning predicted subsequent improvements in fluid intelligence, and vice versa. These bidirectional effects remained significant after controlling for working memory and processing speed. These results provide evidence that associative learning and reasoning ability are reciprocally linked during late childhood, suggesting that supporting both domains may promote broader cognitive development over time.

联想学习使儿童能够灵活地获取、组织和检索结构化知识，而流体智力使他们能够在不熟悉的情况下进行推理、适应和应用策略。尽管这些能力已被广泛研究，但联想学习与流体智力之间的发展关系仍未得到充分探讨。摘要本研究历时三年，探讨小学生联想学习与流体智力的双向关系。以160名四年级小学生为样本，在三个时间点进行评估，我们采用随机截距交叉滞后面板模型，在控制工作记忆和处理速度的情况下，从人际关系中分离出人与人之间的影响。结果显示联想学习与流体智力在人际水平上有显著的正相关。在人的层面上，分析显示了相互的预测效应：高于预期的联想学习预示着随后的流体智力的提高，反之亦然。在控制工作记忆和处理速度后，这种双向效应仍然显著。这些结果提供了证据，表明联想学习和推理能力在儿童后期是相互联系的，这表明随着时间的推移，支持这两个领域可能会促进更广泛的认知发展。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the intelligence quotient and its contribution to reactive violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis 智商分析及其对反应性暴力的贡献：系统回顾和荟萃分析

IF 2.8 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Intelligence

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101969

Ángel Romero-Martínez, Carolina Sarrate-Costa, Luis Moya-Albiol

Introduction

It has been highlighted how low intellectual abilities, measured in terms of the intelligence quotient (IQ), play a facilitator role in antisocial behaviors. Despite this, less attention has been paid to the role of IQ in the perpetration of violence against others.

Aim

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that analyzed whether there are differences in IQ between violent and non-violent individuals (or controls), as well as examining the association between IQ and different forms of violence against others.

Methods

The systematic review followed the PRISMA framework using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Knowledge complemented with the snowball technique. Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted using random effects, including mean comparisons and correlational outcomes.

Results

The initial identification of 5.118 studies and after removing 2.372 duplicates led the inclusion of 131 papers. It appears that violent individuals (n = 1.860), particularly those characterized by reactive violence, present a lower IQ (full [(standardized mean difference or SMD): -1.86, 95 % CI [−2.51, −1.21] compared to controls (n = 3.888), particularly when violent individuals suffered mental or personality disorder (effect sizes ranging from moderate to large). Regarding the association between variables, the three measurements of IQ were negative (correlation coefficient for full IQ r = −0.10, 95 % CIs [−0.17, −0.04] in 33.118 participants) and significantly associated with reactive forms of violence, these conclusions being heterogeneous. These results reinforce the need to delve deeper into screening assessments of perpetrators of violence against others to adequately adjust the therapeutic modules to the needs of the violent population.

以智商（IQ）衡量的低智力是如何在反社会行为中起促进作用的，这一点已经得到强调。尽管如此，智商在对他人实施暴力中的作用却很少受到关注。AimWe进行了一项系统回顾和荟萃分析，分析了暴力个体和非暴力个体（或对照组）之间是否存在智商差异，以及智商与不同形式的暴力行为之间的联系。方法系统评价采用PRISMA框架，采用PubMed、Scopus和Web of Knowledge，辅以滚雪球技术。此外，使用随机效应进行了荟萃分析，包括平均值比较和相关结果。结果初步鉴定5.118篇文献，剔除重复文献2.372篇，最终纳入131篇。暴力个体（n = 1.860），特别是那些以反应性暴力为特征的个体，与对照组（n = 3.888）相比，表现出较低的智商（全[（标准化平均差或SMD）： -1.86, 95% CI[- 2.51, - 1.21]），特别是当暴力个体患有精神或人格障碍时（效应量从中等到较大）。关于变量之间的关联，智商的三个测量值呈负相关（全智商相关系数r = - 0.10, 95% ci[- 0.17, - 0.04]，在33.118名参与者中），并且与反应性暴力形式显著相关，这些结论具有异质性。这些结果强调有必要更深入地研究对他人施暴者的筛查评估，以充分调整治疗模式以适应暴力人群的需求。

{"title":"Analysis of the intelligence quotient and its contribution to reactive violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Ángel Romero-Martínez, Carolina Sarrate-Costa, Luis Moya-Albiol","doi":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.intell.2025.101969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>It has been highlighted how low intellectual abilities, measured in terms of the intelligence quotient (IQ), play a facilitator role in antisocial behaviors. Despite this, less attention has been paid to the role of IQ in the perpetration of violence against others.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that analyzed whether there are differences in IQ between violent and non-violent individuals (or controls), as well as examining the association between IQ and different forms of violence against others.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The systematic review followed the PRISMA framework using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Knowledge complemented with the snowball technique. Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted using random effects, including mean comparisons and correlational outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The initial identification of 5.118 studies and after removing 2.372 duplicates led the inclusion of 131 papers. It appears that violent individuals (<em>n</em> = 1.860), particularly those characterized by reactive violence, present a lower IQ (full [(standardized mean difference or SMD): -1.86, 95 % CI [−2.51, −1.21] compared to controls (<em>n</em> = 3.888), particularly when violent individuals suffered mental or personality disorder (effect sizes ranging from moderate to large). Regarding the association between variables, the three measurements of IQ were negative (correlation coefficient for full IQ <em>r</em> = −0.10, 95 % CIs [−0.17, −0.04] in 33.118 participants) and significantly associated with reactive forms of violence, these conclusions being heterogeneous. These results reinforce the need to delve deeper into screening assessments of perpetrators of violence against others to adequately adjust the therapeutic modules to the needs of the violent population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13862,"journal":{"name":"Intelligence","volume":"114 ","pages":"Article 101969"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factor structure of the Japanese WAIS-IV: Evidence for the CHC theory using Bayesian analysis 日本WAIS-IV的因子结构：基于贝叶斯分析的CHC理论证据

IF 2.8 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Intelligence

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101973

Kazuo Shigemasu , Masanori Kono , Naru Shimazu , Katsuo Yamanaka , Osamu Matsuda , Kazuhiko Ueno

This study investigated the factor structure of the Japanese Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) using exploratory and Bayesian factor analysis. We compared six competing models: traditional four-factor models (basic, hierarchical, bi-factor) and Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory-based five-factor models (basic, hierarchical, bi-factor). The analysis used standardization data from 1120 Japanese adults aged 16–90 years. Model-based reliability assessment was conducted to evaluate practical utility of derived scores. Prior distributions for factor loadings were specified through hyperparameter matrices based on theoretical expectations. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated robust results across different prior specifications. Model comparisons used the Widely Applicable Information Criterion (WAIC) and Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOO-CV). Results showed that while exploratory factor analysis supported the traditional four-factor structure, Bayesian analysis revealed superior fit of the CHC theory-based hierarchical model (WAIC = 1138.43). The hierarchical g-factor model demonstrated better fit than the bi-factor model, contrasting with previous findings in Western samples, suggesting potential cultural differences in cognitive ability manifestation. However, model-based reliability indices revealed important limitations: while general factor scores showed excellent reliability (ωt ≥ 0.92), most group factors demonstrated poor reliability (ωHS < 0.50), limiting clinical utility for individual assessment. These findings suggest that while CHC theory provides a statistically superior framework, Full Scale IQ should remain the primary interpretive focus, with index scores providing supplementary ancillary. Arithmetic showed complex loading patterns requiring careful interpretation. These findings contribute to understanding universal and culture-specific aspects of cognitive ability measurement, emphasizing general intelligence primacy in the Japanese population.

本研究采用探索性因子分析和贝叶斯因子分析对日本韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS-IV）的因子结构进行了研究。我们比较了六种相互竞争的模型：传统的四因素模型（基本、层次、双因素）和基于Cattell-Horn-Carroll （CHC）理论的五因素模型（基本、层次、双因素）。该分析使用了1120名年龄在16-90岁之间的日本成年人的标准化数据。进行了基于模型的可靠性评估，以评估所得分数的实际效用。因子负荷的先验分布通过基于理论期望的超参数矩阵来指定。敏感性分析显示了不同先前规格的稳健结果。模型比较采用广泛适用信息标准（WAIC）和留一交叉验证（LOO-CV）。结果表明，探索性因子分析支持传统的四因素结构，而贝叶斯分析显示基于CHC理论的层次模型拟合更优（WAIC = 1138.43）。分层g因子模型比双因子模型拟合更好，与西方样本的研究结果形成对比，提示认知能力表现存在潜在的文化差异。然而，基于模型的信度指标显示出重要的局限性：虽然一般因素得分具有优异的信度（ωt≥0.92），但大多数群体因素表现出较差的信度（ωHS < 0.50），限制了个体评估的临床实用性。这些发现表明，虽然CHC理论提供了一个统计上更优越的框架，但完整量表智商仍应是主要的解释焦点，指标得分提供辅助。算术显示了复杂的加载模式，需要仔细解释。这些发现有助于理解认知能力测量的普遍和特定文化方面，强调一般智力在日本人口中的首要地位。

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引用次数: 0

Low validity of lower ability test scores can mimic the Dunning-Kruger effect 低效度的能力测试分数可以模拟邓宁-克鲁格效应

IF 2.8 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Intelligence

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101985

Kimmo Sorjonen , Marika Melin , Emil Lager , Gustav Nilsonne , Bo Melin

The Dunning-Kruger effect describes a phenomenon where individuals with low ability allegedly tend to overestimate their ability more than individuals with higher ability. According to a contemporary operationalization of the Dunning-Kruger effect, individuals with low measured ability are predicted to have higher self-rated ability in a LOESS (locally estimated scatterplot smoothing) model compared with a linear regression model. In simulations we show that a Dunning-Kruger effect can appear due to an impact of disturbance on measured ability, even when self-rated ability is a perfect measure of true ability. A higher self-rated than measured ability may be due to measured ability underestimating true ability rather than due to self-rated ability being an overestimation. Hence, Dunning-Kruger effects do not prove that individuals with low measured ability overestimate their true ability.

邓宁-克鲁格效应描述了一种现象，即能力低的人比能力高的人更倾向于高估自己的能力。根据Dunning-Kruger效应的当代运作，与线性回归模型相比，黄土（局部估计散点图平滑）模型预测低测量能力的个体具有更高的自评能力。在模拟中，我们证明了邓宁-克鲁格效应是由于干扰对测量能力的影响而出现的，即使自评能力是对真实能力的完美衡量。自评能力高于测量能力可能是由于测量能力低估了真实能力，而不是由于自评能力被高估。因此，邓宁-克鲁格效应并不能证明被测能力低的个体高估了自己的真实能力。

引用次数: 0

Investigating retest effects in cognitive ability tests: An operation-specific approach 研究认知能力测试中的重测效果：一种特定手术方法

IF 2.8 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Intelligence

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101988

Vanessa S. Pallentin , Jan Rummel , Daniel Danner

The term “retest effects” refers to score gains on cognitive ability as well as educational achievement tests upon repeated administration of the same or a similar test. Previous research on this phenomenon has focused mainly on general cognitive ability scores—often using manifest difference scores—and has neglected differences in retest effects across different types of cognitive operations underlying general cognitive abilities. Additionally, these studies have focused primarily on average group-level test scores, neglecting interindividual differences in retest effects. To address these gaps, we used latent growth curve modeling to examine retest effects in N = 203 participants across three test sessions, considering both general cognitive ability and its four underlying operations according to the Berlin intelligence structure model, namely, processing capacity, processing speed, creativity, and memory. Results show a linear improvement in overall performance of 53.60 points (about 10.45 IQ points) with each assessment, corresponding to two thirds of a standard deviation. Participants' slopes—that is, their rates of improvement across test sessions—did not vary significantly, and thus did not correlate with their initial cognitive ability levels. Statistically significant operation-specific differences in the magnitude of retest effects were found, with memory showing the largest retest effect and creativity the smallest. Although participants did not vary in their rates of improvement on the processing-capacity and memory operation, there was significant interindividual variation in the slopes of the other two operations. These findings highlight the importance of considering operation-specific scores in research on retest effects. Implications for cognitive ability retesting practices are discussed.

“复试效应”是指在重复参加相同或类似的测试后，认知能力和教育成就测试的分数有所提高。以往对这一现象的研究主要集中在一般认知能力得分上——通常使用明显差异得分——而忽略了在一般认知能力基础上不同类型认知操作的重测效果的差异。此外，这些研究主要集中在平均组水平的测试成绩，忽视了重测效果的个体间差异。为了解决这些差距，我们使用潜在增长曲线模型来检验N = 203名参与者在三个测试阶段的重测效果，根据柏林智力结构模型，考虑一般认知能力及其四种基本操作，即处理能力、处理速度、创造力和记忆力。结果显示，每次评估后，学生的整体表现线性提高53.60分（约10.45智商分），相当于三分之二的标准差。参与者的斜率——即他们在测试过程中的进步速度——没有显著变化，因此与他们最初的认知能力水平无关。在重测效应的大小上发现了统计学上显著的操作特异性差异，记忆表现出最大的重测效应，创造力最小。虽然参与者在处理能力和记忆操作上的改善率没有变化，但在其他两项操作的斜率上存在显著的个体差异。这些发现强调了在重测效果研究中考虑手术特异性评分的重要性。讨论了认知能力重测实践的意义。

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引用次数: 0

What should replicate in intelligence research? Setting the bar for a cumulative science 在情报研究中应该复制什么？为累积性科学设定标准

IF 2.8 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Intelligence

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2025.101992

Dragos Iliescu , Samuel Greiff

引用次数: 0