Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240097
Aparna Jai Krishna, J. Setty, Amritha Krishnadasan, V. Tejaswini
Background: Dental anxiety is a type of fear developed due to threatening stimuli. Assessing the child's level of dental anxiety is very important to successfully carry out many treatment procedures in dentistry. Needles in general can cause dental anxiety. Chromotherapy is an ancient alternative medicine practice that uses the energy of the visible spectrum of electromagnetic radiation (i.e., coloured light) to induce changes in the human body. The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate and compare the effect of chromotherapy on the level of anxiety in patients treated with infiltration under local anaesthesia. Methods: This is a randomized control trial where anxiety was assessed using heart rate and animated emoji scale (AES) in children aged 4-14 years requiring infiltration injection of local anaesthesia. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group-1 blue, group-2 pink and group-3 yellow, group 4-control. Evaluation of all parameters was carried out at three levels, i.e., pre-operative, post-chromotherapy session and infiltration after local anaesthesia. Results: This study demonstrated that patients subjected to blue, pink and yellow colour therapy had a statistically significant reduction in anxiety compared to the control group after chromotherapy. Conclusions: Chromotherapy plays an important role in managing dental anxiety in children and can be effectively incorporated into routine practice.
{"title":"Chromotherapy: a useful tool for managing anxiety in children","authors":"Aparna Jai Krishna, J. Setty, Amritha Krishnadasan, V. Tejaswini","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240097","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dental anxiety is a type of fear developed due to threatening stimuli. Assessing the child's level of dental anxiety is very important to successfully carry out many treatment procedures in dentistry. Needles in general can cause dental anxiety. Chromotherapy is an ancient alternative medicine practice that uses the energy of the visible spectrum of electromagnetic radiation (i.e., coloured light) to induce changes in the human body. The objective of this study was to clinically evaluate and compare the effect of chromotherapy on the level of anxiety in patients treated with infiltration under local anaesthesia.\u0000Methods: This is a randomized control trial where anxiety was assessed using heart rate and animated emoji scale (AES) in children aged 4-14 years requiring infiltration injection of local anaesthesia. Patients were divided into 4 groups: group-1 blue, group-2 pink and group-3 yellow, group 4-control. Evaluation of all parameters was carried out at three levels, i.e., pre-operative, post-chromotherapy session and infiltration after local anaesthesia.\u0000Results: This study demonstrated that patients subjected to blue, pink and yellow colour therapy had a statistically significant reduction in anxiety compared to the control group after chromotherapy.\u0000Conclusions: Chromotherapy plays an important role in managing dental anxiety in children and can be effectively incorporated into routine practice.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240101
J. Jana, Anusree Krishna Mandal, M. S. A. Mallick, Dipti Mahata
Background: An in-depth evaluation of routine baseline investigations is required in clinically suspected cases of scrub typhus fever due to the unavailability and/or delayed arrival of serological testing in all remote health care facilities. This may assist medical professionals diagnose and promptly administer anti-scrub medication. Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted on 105 children who had scrub typhus fever admitted in a tertiary healthcare facility. The children were selected one after the other till desired sample size was achieved. Basic demographic information, clinical symptoms, and test results were all recorded. Software called EpiInfo 3.5.1 was used for analysing the collected information. For continuous variables, rate and ratio were used to express them, whereas standard deviation and mean were used for categorical variables. Once more, ANOVA was used for analysing association between categorical variables. P-values of <.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 105 children, 90.48% were from country-side and 56.19% were male. The most common haematological abnormalities were anaemia (84.76%), leucocytosis (42.86%), and, thrombocytopenia (46.67%). The biochemical changes include hypoproteinaemia (28.57%), hypoalbuminemia (23.81%), hyponatremia (50.48%), and elevated serum levels of ALT (66.67%) and AST (84.76%). An extended duration of fever was shown to be related with a statistically significant (P value =< 0.05) association between mean haemoglobin concentration, leucocyte and thrombocyte count, and serum levels of sodium. Conclusions: Early recognition and management of scrub typhus fever may be aided by the presence of anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, hypoproteinaemia, albuminemia, hyponatremia, and elevated serum levels of alanine and aspartate amino transferase.
{"title":"Laboratory profile of scrub typhus in children admitted at Bankura Sammilani medical college, India: a cross-sectional study","authors":"J. Jana, Anusree Krishna Mandal, M. S. A. Mallick, Dipti Mahata","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240101","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An in-depth evaluation of routine baseline investigations is required in clinically suspected cases of scrub typhus fever due to the unavailability and/or delayed arrival of serological testing in all remote health care facilities. This may assist medical professionals diagnose and promptly administer anti-scrub medication.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional research was conducted on 105 children who had scrub typhus fever admitted in a tertiary healthcare facility. The children were selected one after the other till desired sample size was achieved. Basic demographic information, clinical symptoms, and test results were all recorded. Software called EpiInfo 3.5.1 was used for analysing the collected information. For continuous variables, rate and ratio were used to express them, whereas standard deviation and mean were used for categorical variables. Once more, ANOVA was used for analysing association between categorical variables. P-values of <.05 were considered statistically significant.\u0000Results: Of the 105 children, 90.48% were from country-side and 56.19% were male. The most common haematological abnormalities were anaemia (84.76%), leucocytosis (42.86%), and, thrombocytopenia (46.67%). The biochemical changes include hypoproteinaemia (28.57%), hypoalbuminemia (23.81%), hyponatremia (50.48%), and elevated serum levels of ALT (66.67%) and AST (84.76%). An extended duration of fever was shown to be related with a statistically significant (P value =< 0.05) association between mean haemoglobin concentration, leucocyte and thrombocyte count, and serum levels of sodium.\u0000Conclusions: Early recognition and management of scrub typhus fever may be aided by the presence of anaemia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis, hypoproteinaemia, albuminemia, hyponatremia, and elevated serum levels of alanine and aspartate amino transferase.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"20 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139595703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240107
Manish Kumar
Dystonia is one of the most common movement disorders in the pediatric age group. Dystonia with hypermanganesemia have polycythemia with deranged iron profile, chronic liver disease and basal ganglia hyperintensity on T1 weighted MRI brain image as characteristic finding. We are reporting one case of dystonia, lower limb weakness, polycythemia, and characteristic basal ganglia hyperintensity with a normal iron profile without liver involvement which diagnosed as inherited manganese (Mn) transporter defect due to homozygous mutations of SLC30A10 gene. Most of the reported cases of this mutation have reported decreased iron profile in their blood report and liver involvement contrary to our case. Intravenous disodium calcium edetate chelation and oral iron therapy led to a decrease in whole blood Mn level as well as clinical improvement in the patient. This is a rare disorder and is one of the potentially treatable inherited metal storage disorders and fatal if left untreated.
{"title":"Atypical case of hypermanganesemia with dystonia type 1: a treatable primary dystonia caused by inborn error of manganese metabolism","authors":"Manish Kumar","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240107","url":null,"abstract":"Dystonia is one of the most common movement disorders in the pediatric age group. Dystonia with hypermanganesemia have polycythemia with deranged iron profile, chronic liver disease and basal ganglia hyperintensity on T1 weighted MRI brain image as characteristic finding. We are reporting one case of dystonia, lower limb weakness, polycythemia, and characteristic basal ganglia hyperintensity with a normal iron profile without liver involvement which diagnosed as inherited manganese (Mn) transporter defect due to homozygous mutations of SLC30A10 gene. Most of the reported cases of this mutation have reported decreased iron profile in their blood report and liver involvement contrary to our case. Intravenous disodium calcium edetate chelation and oral iron therapy led to a decrease in whole blood Mn level as well as clinical improvement in the patient. This is a rare disorder and is one of the potentially treatable inherited metal storage disorders and fatal if left untreated.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"84 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240095
Mukund S. Shirolkar, Ruchika A Verneker
Background: Phototherapy is the first line of treatment for physiological jaundice. However, it has its own set of complications. Hypocalcaemia is a less frequent but a potential complication of phototherapy. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of 24 hours of phototherapy on the serum blood calcium levels of the newborn after 24 hours of exposure and the need for supplementation in these new born babies. Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted at our institute on 31 newborn babies born between June 2022 to December 2022. All term neonates who developed clinically significant physiological jaundice after 48 hours of life were subjected to double surface phototherapy with LED blue light for 24 hours. These babies were screened for their serum calcium levels by venous blood sampling before the commencement of the phototherapy. The same sampling was repeated after 24 hours of exposure to the phototherapy lights to see the effect on serum calcium levels of the newborn. Results: Phototherapy was given for 24 hours. Mean serum calcium measured at 48 hours of life prior to phototherapy was 9.25±0.62 mg/ml. Also, mean serum calcium at 24 hours post phototherapy was 8.74±0.38 mg/ml. A highly significant decrease in serum calcium level was seen post phototherapy (p=0.0002). Independent samples t test was used. Conclusions: In healthy term neonates exposed for only 24 hours of phototherapy decrease in serum calcium levels to some extend was noted however it is unlikely to cause clinically significant hypocalcemia.
{"title":"Phototherapy and serum blood calcium levels in neonates: is there a need for calcium supplementation?","authors":"Mukund S. Shirolkar, Ruchika A Verneker","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240095","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phototherapy is the first line of treatment for physiological jaundice. However, it has its own set of complications. Hypocalcaemia is a less frequent but a potential complication of phototherapy. The purpose of this study was to see the effect of 24 hours of phototherapy on the serum blood calcium levels of the newborn after 24 hours of exposure and the need for supplementation in these new born babies.\u0000Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted at our institute on 31 newborn babies born between June 2022 to December 2022. All term neonates who developed clinically significant physiological jaundice after 48 hours of life were subjected to double surface phototherapy with LED blue light for 24 hours. These babies were screened for their serum calcium levels by venous blood sampling before the commencement of the phototherapy. The same sampling was repeated after 24 hours of exposure to the phototherapy lights to see the effect on serum calcium levels of the newborn.\u0000Results: Phototherapy was given for 24 hours. Mean serum calcium measured at 48 hours of life prior to phototherapy was 9.25±0.62 mg/ml. Also, mean serum calcium at 24 hours post phototherapy was 8.74±0.38 mg/ml. A highly significant decrease in serum calcium level was seen post phototherapy (p=0.0002). Independent samples t test was used.\u0000Conclusions: In healthy term neonates exposed for only 24 hours of phototherapy decrease in serum calcium levels to some extend was noted however it is unlikely to cause clinically significant hypocalcemia.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"90 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240102
Nimisha Sharma
Extrapulmonary TB can present with plethora of clinical signs and symptoms, the spectrum of which remains boundless. Retropharyngeal abscess, epidural abscess, splenic abscess, hepatic granuloma are rare presentations of extrapulmonary TB which requires paramount clinical expertise for diagnosis and timely management thereby preventing dangerous complications. Here is a case report of a 6 year old boy presenting with 2 months history of fever, neck pain and swelling, difficulty in swallowing solid food, restricted neck movements, weight loss and family history of TB contact. Examination revealed bilateral jugulodigastric (level I and II) cervical lymphadenopathy (around 2×2 cm), neck rigidity and a paramedian bulge over posterior pharyngeal wall (measuring 3×3 cm), the inferior extent of which was difficult to visualize on oral cavity examination. Patient was worked up keeping in mind the high possibility of TB, radiography and ultrasonography of neck confirmed the presence of retropharyngeal abscess. CECT neck, chest and abdomen was done to find the extent of lesion and to look any other evidence of tuberculosis which revealed presence of retropharyngeal abscess, epidural abscess, pulmonary Koch’s, hepatic granuloma and splenic abscess with features s/o tuberculosis. He was started on ATT on clinico-radiological basis, his abscess was drained and cheesy material and pus were sent for microbiological and histo-pathological examination, although microbiological evidence was non-contributory, histopathology confirmed tuberculous retropharyngeal abscess. This case reporting was done to elicit the rare presentation of EPTB and the need of high degree of clinical suspicion for early diagnosis and timely treatment to prevent future complications.
肺结核可表现出大量的临床症状和体征，其范围仍然十分广泛。咽后脓肿、硬膜外脓肿、脾脓肿、肝肉芽肿是肺外结核的罕见表现，需要临床专家进行诊断和及时处理，从而避免危险的并发症。以下病例报告了一名 6 岁男孩的病史：发热 2 个月，颈部疼痛和肿胀，吞咽固体食物困难，颈部活动受限，体重减轻，家族有肺结核接触史。检查发现双侧颈十二指肠（I 级和 II 级）颈部淋巴结肿大（约 2×2 厘米）、颈部僵硬、咽后壁旁隆起（3×3 厘米），口腔检查时很难看到其下部。考虑到患者极有可能患有肺结核，医生对其进行了检查，颈部放射线和超声波检查证实患者存在咽后脓肿。颈部、胸部和腹部CECT检查显示咽后脓肿、硬膜外脓肿、肺Koch's脓肿、肝肉芽肿和脾脓肿具有结核病特征。根据临床放射学检查结果，他开始接受 ATT 治疗，脓肿被引流，干酪样物质和脓液被送去进行微生物学和组织病理学检查，尽管微生物学证据并不重要，但组织病理学检查证实了结核性咽后脓肿。该病例的报告旨在说明 EPTB 的罕见表现形式，以及临床上高度怀疑的必要性，以便早期诊断和及时治疗，防止今后出现并发症。
{"title":"A rare case of disseminated tuberculosis presenting as multiple visceral abscesses: retropharyngeal abscess, epidural abscess, pulmonary Koch’s, hepatic granuloma and splenic abscess","authors":"Nimisha Sharma","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240102","url":null,"abstract":"Extrapulmonary TB can present with plethora of clinical signs and symptoms, the spectrum of which remains boundless. Retropharyngeal abscess, epidural abscess, splenic abscess, hepatic granuloma are rare presentations of extrapulmonary TB which requires paramount clinical expertise for diagnosis and timely management thereby preventing dangerous complications. Here is a case report of a 6 year old boy presenting with 2 months history of fever, neck pain and swelling, difficulty in swallowing solid food, restricted neck movements, weight loss and family history of TB contact. Examination revealed bilateral jugulodigastric (level I and II) cervical lymphadenopathy (around 2×2 cm), neck rigidity and a paramedian bulge over posterior pharyngeal wall (measuring 3×3 cm), the inferior extent of which was difficult to visualize on oral cavity examination. Patient was worked up keeping in mind the high possibility of TB, radiography and ultrasonography of neck confirmed the presence of retropharyngeal abscess. CECT neck, chest and abdomen was done to find the extent of lesion and to look any other evidence of tuberculosis which revealed presence of retropharyngeal abscess, epidural abscess, pulmonary Koch’s, hepatic granuloma and splenic abscess with features s/o tuberculosis. He was started on ATT on clinico-radiological basis, his abscess was drained and cheesy material and pus were sent for microbiological and histo-pathological examination, although microbiological evidence was non-contributory, histopathology confirmed tuberculous retropharyngeal abscess. This case reporting was done to elicit the rare presentation of EPTB and the need of high degree of clinical suspicion for early diagnosis and timely treatment to prevent future complications.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240083
Steeve Mintoo, Chimene Nze-Nkoghe, F. Loembe, Patrice Makouloutou-Nzatsi, Boris Makanga, Diane Ditsoga-Kombila, Simon J. Ategbo
Background: The morbidity and mortality attributed to pneumococcus are impressive even in the absence of any problem of antibiotic resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic pneumococcal carriage in children aged between 2 months and 2 years in Libreville and to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with carriage. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study from September 2019 to February 2020, including infants aged 2 months to 2 years, randomly selected, in 8 health centres in Libreville. We collected sociodemographic data from children and parents. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from each child and analyzed in the laboratory of institut de recherche en ecologie tropicale (IRET). Categorical data were expressed as frequencies. Univariate analyses (odd ratio-OR) were performed to measure the relationship between the relevant variables and pneumococcal carriage, followed by a multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The threshold of statistical significance was set at p<0.05 for a two-tailed chi-square test. Results: Of the 434 children included, 51.2% (n=222) were girls, with a mean age of 5.4±3.2 months. Streptococcus pneumoniae was found in 53 children, giving a prevalence of 12.6% (95% CI [9.5-15.6%]). The prevalence was the same for both sexes. Carriage was associated with more than 2 siblings (OR=2.1; p=0.01); an age greater than 6 months (OR=3.6; p=0.001); a child's rank higher than the median (OR=2.3; p=0.006); a mother's low level of education (OR=4.5; p=0.001); a father working in the informal sector (OR=2.4; p=0.01). The mother's level of education was the factor found in the multivariate analysis (p=0.043). Conclusions: The data from this survey encourage the serotyping of strains to guide the vaccination strategy.
{"title":"Asymptomatic carriage of pneumococcus in children under 2 years of age in Libreville: prevalence and associated factors","authors":"Steeve Mintoo, Chimene Nze-Nkoghe, F. Loembe, Patrice Makouloutou-Nzatsi, Boris Makanga, Diane Ditsoga-Kombila, Simon J. Ategbo","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240083","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The morbidity and mortality attributed to pneumococcus are impressive even in the absence of any problem of antibiotic resistance. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic pneumococcal carriage in children aged between 2 months and 2 years in Libreville and to identify the socio-demographic factors associated with carriage.\u0000Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study from September 2019 to February 2020, including infants aged 2 months to 2 years, randomly selected, in 8 health centres in Libreville. We collected sociodemographic data from children and parents. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from each child and analyzed in the laboratory of institut de recherche en ecologie tropicale (IRET). Categorical data were expressed as frequencies. Univariate analyses (odd ratio-OR) were performed to measure the relationship between the relevant variables and pneumococcal carriage, followed by a multivariate analysis using logistic regression. The threshold of statistical significance was set at p<0.05 for a two-tailed chi-square test.\u0000Results: Of the 434 children included, 51.2% (n=222) were girls, with a mean age of 5.4±3.2 months. Streptococcus pneumoniae was found in 53 children, giving a prevalence of 12.6% (95% CI [9.5-15.6%]). The prevalence was the same for both sexes. Carriage was associated with more than 2 siblings (OR=2.1; p=0.01); an age greater than 6 months (OR=3.6; p=0.001); a child's rank higher than the median (OR=2.3; p=0.006); a mother's low level of education (OR=4.5; p=0.001); a father working in the informal sector (OR=2.4; p=0.01). The mother's level of education was the factor found in the multivariate analysis (p=0.043).\u0000Conclusions: The data from this survey encourage the serotyping of strains to guide the vaccination strategy.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240099
Suvashri Sasmal, S. K. M. Habibullah, Asha P. Shetty, B. Saha, Suchandra Mukherjee
Background: Neonatal mortality and morbidity pattern reflects a nation's efficiency and effectiveness of health care services. There is a paucity of reliable data in India on this, while India Newborn Action Plan (INAP) targets single digit neonatal mortality by 2030. Aim was to identify the morbidity and mortality profile of neonates admitted to a tertiary neonatal care unit. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care neonatal unit in Kolkata. Data of neonates admitted in this unit were extracted from admission, discharge, and death registers, compiled, and analyzed from January 2015 to December 2019. Neonates brought dead to the unit were excluded. Results: A total of 10301 neonates were admitted during the study period of which 75.05% were inborn. Most of them were male (55.46%) and only 0.70% had differential sexual disorders. A total of 709 deaths were recorded during the study period equating to a rate of 6.9 deaths per 100 neonatal admissions. The major cause of admission was neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (19.30%) followed by congenital anomalies (11.15%), respiratory distress syndrome (10.58%), prematurity (9.72%), and birth weight <1800 grams. (9.51%), perinatal asphyxia (8.11%) and maternal sickness (8.09%). Among congenital anomalies, anomalies related to the gastrointestinal system were most frequent (30.81%). Congenital anomalies (29.9%) were the leading cause of neonatal mortality followed by perinatal asphyxia (17.07%). Conclusions: The commonest causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality were congenital anomalies. Thus, special focus has to be given to the management of congenital malformation in tertiary care units.
{"title":"Morbidity and mortality profile of neonates: a five-year retrospective study in a tertiary care neonatal unit in Kolkata","authors":"Suvashri Sasmal, S. K. M. Habibullah, Asha P. Shetty, B. Saha, Suchandra Mukherjee","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240099","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal mortality and morbidity pattern reflects a nation's efficiency and effectiveness of health care services. There is a paucity of reliable data in India on this, while India Newborn Action Plan (INAP) targets single digit neonatal mortality by 2030. Aim was to identify the morbidity and mortality profile of neonates admitted to a tertiary neonatal care unit.\u0000Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary care neonatal unit in Kolkata. Data of neonates admitted in this unit were extracted from admission, discharge, and death registers, compiled, and analyzed from January 2015 to December 2019. Neonates brought dead to the unit were excluded.\u0000Results: A total of 10301 neonates were admitted during the study period of which 75.05% were inborn. Most of them were male (55.46%) and only 0.70% had differential sexual disorders. A total of 709 deaths were recorded during the study period equating to a rate of 6.9 deaths per 100 neonatal admissions. The major cause of admission was neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (19.30%) followed by congenital anomalies (11.15%), respiratory distress syndrome (10.58%), prematurity (9.72%), and birth weight <1800 grams. (9.51%), perinatal asphyxia (8.11%) and maternal sickness (8.09%). Among congenital anomalies, anomalies related to the gastrointestinal system were most frequent (30.81%). Congenital anomalies (29.9%) were the leading cause of neonatal mortality followed by perinatal asphyxia (17.07%).\u0000Conclusions: The commonest causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality were congenital anomalies. Thus, special focus has to be given to the management of congenital malformation in tertiary care units.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"41 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240098
Noor Shaikh, Ritika Danole, Atharva Nandaya
Background: School health surveys serve as a cost-effective and comprehensive means to screen a large number of pediatric children, facilitating primary and secondary prevention initiatives simultaneously. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a primary school in Pune to assess the physical development of children aged 5 to 17 years. Data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and accurate methods. Height, weight, and BMI were measured, along with clinical assessments for dyslexia, dysgraphia, and signs of vitamin deficiency. Anthropometric measurements were taken using precise instruments. Eye and tongue examinations were conducted, and hydration status was assessed. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel-2022. Proper consent was obtained from school authorities and parents. Results: A total of 322 participants were assessed, the age distribution revealed 49.69% males and 50.31% females. Anthropometric measurements showed 8.70% of children with a height of 90-110 cm, 34.78% with 111-130 cm, 41.61% with 131-150 cm, and 14.91% with a height ≥150 cm. In terms of weight, 44.72% weighed 15-25 kg, 29.81% weighed 26-35 kg, 16.15% weighed 36-45 kg, and 9.32% weighed ≥45 kg. BMI analysis showed 86.96% as underweight, 11.18% within the normal range, and 1.86% as severely obese. Eye conditions included 8.7% with redness, 12.4% with irritation, 24.8% with watery eyes, and 12.4% with blurred vision. Dysgraphia risk was observed in 83.23% of participants. Conclusions: Health check-up camps can result in help in the diagnosis of major morbidities in school children and enable better practice among government schools.
{"title":"Assessment of health status, dental hygiene, and cognitive learning of primary school children: a health-camp survey reported by a clinical pharmacist and their impact on community healthcare","authors":"Noor Shaikh, Ritika Danole, Atharva Nandaya","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240098","url":null,"abstract":"Background: School health surveys serve as a cost-effective and comprehensive means to screen a large number of pediatric children, facilitating primary and secondary prevention initiatives simultaneously.\u0000Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in a primary school in Pune to assess the physical development of children aged 5 to 17 years. Data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire and accurate methods. Height, weight, and BMI were measured, along with clinical assessments for dyslexia, dysgraphia, and signs of vitamin deficiency. Anthropometric measurements were taken using precise instruments. Eye and tongue examinations were conducted, and hydration status was assessed. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel-2022. Proper consent was obtained from school authorities and parents.\u0000Results: A total of 322 participants were assessed, the age distribution revealed 49.69% males and 50.31% females. Anthropometric measurements showed 8.70% of children with a height of 90-110 cm, 34.78% with 111-130 cm, 41.61% with 131-150 cm, and 14.91% with a height ≥150 cm. In terms of weight, 44.72% weighed 15-25 kg, 29.81% weighed 26-35 kg, 16.15% weighed 36-45 kg, and 9.32% weighed ≥45 kg. BMI analysis showed 86.96% as underweight, 11.18% within the normal range, and 1.86% as severely obese. Eye conditions included 8.7% with redness, 12.4% with irritation, 24.8% with watery eyes, and 12.4% with blurred vision. Dysgraphia risk was observed in 83.23% of participants.\u0000Conclusions: Health check-up camps can result in help in the diagnosis of major morbidities in school children and enable better practice among government schools.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"59 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240106
Ankitha Ponathil, Rajesh Rai, P. Inamdar, R. Naulakha
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited autosomal recessive haemoglobinopathy. Sickle cell beta thalassemia is a variant syndrome of SCD characterised by the compound heterozygosity for sickle and beta thalassemia genes. We present a case of 12 year old male child diagnosed case of sickle cell thalassemia at the age of 2 years with complaints of fever, yellowish discolouration of eyes and drowsiness. USG abdomen was done suggestive of splenomegaly, multiple ill-defined, heterogeneously hypo-echoic, areas scattered throughout the splenic parenchyma with no vascularity within likely representing as splenic micro-abscesses. Child was started on antibiotics covering anaerobic and gram-positive organisms (vancomycin, meropenem, amikacin and metronidazole). Currently child is doing well with huge relieve to his symptoms.
{"title":"Splenic abscess, a rare complication in a case of sickle cell thalassemia","authors":"Ankitha Ponathil, Rajesh Rai, P. Inamdar, R. Naulakha","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240106","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited autosomal recessive haemoglobinopathy. Sickle cell beta thalassemia is a variant syndrome of SCD characterised by the compound heterozygosity for sickle and beta thalassemia genes. We present a case of 12 year old male child diagnosed case of sickle cell thalassemia at the age of 2 years with complaints of fever, yellowish discolouration of eyes and drowsiness. USG abdomen was done suggestive of splenomegaly, multiple ill-defined, heterogeneously hypo-echoic, areas scattered throughout the splenic parenchyma with no vascularity within likely representing as splenic micro-abscesses. Child was started on antibiotics covering anaerobic and gram-positive organisms (vancomycin, meropenem, amikacin and metronidazole). Currently child is doing well with huge relieve to his symptoms.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"53 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139598760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-25DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240084
Zena Salwa, A. B. Shilpi, Lutfun Nahar Begum
Background: Neonates are susceptible to neurodevelopmental impairments due to various factors. The aim of the study was to use the n-RNDA tool to identify such impairments in neonates, enabling early interventions for improved outcomes. Methods: This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Square Hospital Child Development Center from April 2019 to Nov 2021 with all neonates between ages of 15-28 days. A total 2928 neonates were enrolled and underwent n-RNDA assessment for detection of any types of neurodevelopmental impairments. Results: Among 2928 enrolled neonates, 8.1% exhibited neurodevelopmental impairments. Majority (60.6%) were from the NICU. Impairments varied across domains, with gross motor skills (99.2%) being most prevalent. Causes included respiratory distress syndrome (74%), sepsis (60%), and others. The study population was primarily urban (99.1%), with 100% parental literacy. Conclusions: The n-RNDA screening program for neonates facilitates early assessment, interventions, and long-term follow-up, potentially enhancing outcomes and quality of life. These findings advocate for policy development to institutionalize n-RNDA for early diagnoses and better outcomes in all neonates.
{"title":"Rapid neurodevelopmental assessment of newborn: a promise to ensure proper growth and development of all newborns in Bangladesh","authors":"Zena Salwa, A. B. Shilpi, Lutfun Nahar Begum","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20240084","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonates are susceptible to neurodevelopmental impairments due to various factors. The aim of the study was to use the n-RNDA tool to identify such impairments in neonates, enabling early interventions for improved outcomes.\u0000Methods: This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Square Hospital Child Development Center from April 2019 to Nov 2021 with all neonates between ages of 15-28 days. A total 2928 neonates were enrolled and underwent n-RNDA assessment for detection of any types of neurodevelopmental impairments.\u0000Results: Among 2928 enrolled neonates, 8.1% exhibited neurodevelopmental impairments. Majority (60.6%) were from the NICU. Impairments varied across domains, with gross motor skills (99.2%) being most prevalent. Causes included respiratory distress syndrome (74%), sepsis (60%), and others. The study population was primarily urban (99.1%), with 100% parental literacy.\u0000Conclusions: The n-RNDA screening program for neonates facilitates early assessment, interventions, and long-term follow-up, potentially enhancing outcomes and quality of life. These findings advocate for policy development to institutionalize n-RNDA for early diagnoses and better outcomes in all neonates.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139596379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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