Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242030
Harsha Sreedharan, Harveen Kaur, Rajsree Sreedevi, Joice Francis
Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall (MHCW) is an extremely rare, benign lesion arising from one or more ribs. Typically, MHCW manifests as a unilateral lesion, yet there have been instances of multiple or bilateral occurrences documented. It is reported to have an increased male predisposition and the common presentation includes a visible chest wall mass. In asymptomatic neonates, conservative management is the preferred approach since there have been no reports of malignant transformation. Surgical intervention becomes necessary in cases where there is an active growth of the lesion or respiratory compromise. Here, we present a case of unilateral MHCW in a newborn being managed conservatively, followed by surgical resection at 2 months of age.
{"title":"A rare case of mesenchymal hamartoma of chest wall in a neonate","authors":"Harsha Sreedharan, Harveen Kaur, Rajsree Sreedevi, Joice Francis","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242030","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall (MHCW) is an extremely rare, benign lesion arising from one or more ribs. Typically, MHCW manifests as a unilateral lesion, yet there have been instances of multiple or bilateral occurrences documented. It is reported to have an increased male predisposition and the common presentation includes a visible chest wall mass. In asymptomatic neonates, conservative management is the preferred approach since there have been no reports of malignant transformation. Surgical intervention becomes necessary in cases where there is an active growth of the lesion or respiratory compromise. Here, we present a case of unilateral MHCW in a newborn being managed conservatively, followed by surgical resection at 2 months of age.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"35 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242007
Sidhu Rao Surya Voleti, Izza Cagle
Background: Gastroschisis is a congenital defect where an infant's intestines extend outside the body through a hole near the belly button, requiring immediate surgery post-birth. Understanding its risk factors is crucial for prevention and improving outcomes. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological trends, maternal and infant characteristics, and identify significant risk factors for gastroschisis using a comprehensive dataset and advanced statistical methods. Methods: A population-based, retrospective, age, and race-matched case-control study was conducted using Alabama birth certificate data. The study included infants born to non-Hispanic African American and non-Hispanic white mothers. Data preparation involved filtering for singleton births and excluding other congenital anomalies. Logistic regression identified significant predictors, addressing multicollinearity using the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF). Results: The dataset included 100 cases and 300 controls. Significant predictors identified through logistic regression included young maternal age (less than 20 years) (OR, 2.81; CI, 1.4-5.33), maternal smoking pre-pregnancy (OR, 1.90; CI, 1.01-3.54) and during pregnancy (OR, 2.11; CI, 1.12-3.98), and lower maternal BMI (OR, 0.92; CI, 0.88-0.96). Maternal smoking and young maternal age were significant risk factors, while maternal obesity appeared protective. Conclusions: This study identified maternal smoking, maternal BMI, and young maternal age as significant predictors of gastroschisis. These findings contribute to understanding the etiology of gastroschisis and highlight the importance of targeted interventions for at-risk populations. Further research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms and develop effective prevention strategies.
{"title":"Epidemiological characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of gastroschisis in Alabama","authors":"Sidhu Rao Surya Voleti, Izza Cagle","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gastroschisis is a congenital defect where an infant's intestines extend outside the body through a hole near the belly button, requiring immediate surgery post-birth. Understanding its risk factors is crucial for prevention and improving outcomes. This study aimed to describe the epidemiological trends, maternal and infant characteristics, and identify significant risk factors for gastroschisis using a comprehensive dataset and advanced statistical methods.\u0000Methods: A population-based, retrospective, age, and race-matched case-control study was conducted using Alabama birth certificate data. The study included infants born to non-Hispanic African American and non-Hispanic white mothers. Data preparation involved filtering for singleton births and excluding other congenital anomalies. Logistic regression identified significant predictors, addressing multicollinearity using the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF).\u0000Results: The dataset included 100 cases and 300 controls. Significant predictors identified through logistic regression included young maternal age (less than 20 years) (OR, 2.81; CI, 1.4-5.33), maternal smoking pre-pregnancy (OR, 1.90; CI, 1.01-3.54) and during pregnancy (OR, 2.11; CI, 1.12-3.98), and lower maternal BMI (OR, 0.92; CI, 0.88-0.96). Maternal smoking and young maternal age were significant risk factors, while maternal obesity appeared protective.\u0000Conclusions: This study identified maternal smoking, maternal BMI, and young maternal age as significant predictors of gastroschisis. These findings contribute to understanding the etiology of gastroschisis and highlight the importance of targeted interventions for at-risk populations. Further research is needed to explore underlying mechanisms and develop effective prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"49 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242022
Pradyotha Suman, Nagamani Kulkarni, Sadashiva B. Ukkali, A. Thobbi
Background: Neonatal sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns, particularly in resource-limited settings. Understanding the clinical presentation, neonatal risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis and evaluating the correlation of markers of sepsis [C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC) counts, immature to total (IT) ratio and presence of toxic granules] for its early diagnosis are essential for improving the neonatal health outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 neonates admitted to the tertiary care hospital in Vijayapura, Karnataka, South India. Neonatal risk factors were assessed, and laboratory investigations were performed to diagnose neonatal sepsis. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine associations and significance. Results: The most prevalent symptom across all categories is tachypnea, observed in 98.3% of the total patients. Lethargy, refusal to suck, and fever are equally frequent, affecting 65.8% of the total patients. Neonatal risk factors such as prematurity and low birth weight were identified as important contributors to sepsis. WBC counts, elevated CRP levels (>0.6 mg/dl), IT ratio above 0.2, and presence of toxic granules were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis. Conclusions: Neonatal risk factors play a crucial role in the occurrence and outcome of neonatal sepsis. Laboratory investigations, particularly CRP levels, IT ratio, and toxic granule examination, demonstrate significant diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
{"title":"Unveiling neonatal risk factors, clinical profile and early diagnostic markers of neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care hospital from South India: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Pradyotha Suman, Nagamani Kulkarni, Sadashiva B. Ukkali, A. Thobbi","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neonatal sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns, particularly in resource-limited settings. Understanding the clinical presentation, neonatal risk factors associated with neonatal sepsis and evaluating the correlation of markers of sepsis [C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell (WBC) counts, immature to total (IT) ratio and presence of toxic granules] for its early diagnosis are essential for improving the neonatal health outcomes.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 neonates admitted to the tertiary care hospital in Vijayapura, Karnataka, South India. Neonatal risk factors were assessed, and laboratory investigations were performed to diagnose neonatal sepsis. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine associations and significance.\u0000Results: The most prevalent symptom across all categories is tachypnea, observed in 98.3% of the total patients. Lethargy, refusal to suck, and fever are equally frequent, affecting 65.8% of the total patients. Neonatal risk factors such as prematurity and low birth weight were identified as important contributors to sepsis. WBC counts, elevated CRP levels (>0.6 mg/dl), IT ratio above 0.2, and presence of toxic granules were significantly associated with neonatal sepsis.\u0000Conclusions: Neonatal risk factors play a crucial role in the occurrence and outcome of neonatal sepsis. Laboratory investigations, particularly CRP levels, IT ratio, and toxic granule examination, demonstrate significant diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"19 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242033
Pasupathy Umapathy, Madhu, Dinesh Kumar, Umaserma, Litha Francis
Meckel's diverticulum is common congenital abnormality which is common in less than 2 years of age, mostly asymptomatic and may complications such as intestinal blockage, gastrointestinal bleeding, and perforation. It may rarely present as gangrenous Meckel’s diverticulum. A 13-year-old child brought with complaint abdominal pain for a month and abdominal distention, vomiting, fever for two days. No history of bleeding per rectum. On clinical examination, child febrile with tenderness in the lower abdomen and guarding in the right iliac fossa. Blood workup was normal. A CECT scan of whole abdomen revealed an enlarged appendix filled with fluid, and possible perforation tip of appendix. The imaging findings indicated a possible case of acute appendicitis, with signs of perforation and the presence of an abscess or collection near the appendix. The child underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy. Intraoperatively, it was found that the appendix was inflamed and had adhesions to the small bowel, abdominal wall, sigmoid colon, and urinary bladder. A bowel walk revealed dilated loops of the small bowel, and approximately three feet from the junction of the small and large intestines, a gangrenous Meckel's diverticulum was found. Consequently, a laparoscopic-assisted Meckel's resection and ileoileal anastomosis were performed. After surgical procedure, child improved symptomatically. Diverticulitis has multi facet clinical presentation and it can also occur along with other gastrointestinal conditions. Hence approaching any gastrointestinal condition, also should have suspicion on diverticulitis to avoid the complications of diverticulitis.
{"title":"Silent Meckel’s diverticulum in an acute abdomen of adolescence","authors":"Pasupathy Umapathy, Madhu, Dinesh Kumar, Umaserma, Litha Francis","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242033","url":null,"abstract":"Meckel's diverticulum is common congenital abnormality which is common in less than 2 years of age, mostly asymptomatic and may complications such as intestinal blockage, gastrointestinal bleeding, and perforation. It may rarely present as gangrenous Meckel’s diverticulum. A 13-year-old child brought with complaint abdominal pain for a month and abdominal distention, vomiting, fever for two days. No history of bleeding per rectum. On clinical examination, child febrile with tenderness in the lower abdomen and guarding in the right iliac fossa. Blood workup was normal. A CECT scan of whole abdomen revealed an enlarged appendix filled with fluid, and possible perforation tip of appendix. The imaging findings indicated a possible case of acute appendicitis, with signs of perforation and the presence of an abscess or collection near the appendix. The child underwent a laparoscopic appendectomy. Intraoperatively, it was found that the appendix was inflamed and had adhesions to the small bowel, abdominal wall, sigmoid colon, and urinary bladder. A bowel walk revealed dilated loops of the small bowel, and approximately three feet from the junction of the small and large intestines, a gangrenous Meckel's diverticulum was found. Consequently, a laparoscopic-assisted Meckel's resection and ileoileal anastomosis were performed. After surgical procedure, child improved symptomatically. Diverticulitis has multi facet clinical presentation and it can also occur along with other gastrointestinal conditions. Hence approaching any gastrointestinal condition, also should have suspicion on diverticulitis to avoid the complications of diverticulitis.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"12 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242012
Toshiba Rahman, Razia Sultana, Afroza Sultana, Habiba Khatun, Ajanta Rani Saha, M. S. Rahman
Background: Evaluation of febrile episodes in children who have become neutropenic during treatment for malignant disease has traditionally included in this study through screening tests for foci of infection and chest radiography. This study aimed to find out the diagnostic utility of routine chest radiography in the evaluation of febrile neutropenic in cancer children. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January 2012 to September 2012. Total 60 patients, age 6-months to 15 years included in this study. 30 cases are febrile neutropenic and 30 patients are febrile non-neutropenic. Results: All children had fever in both groups. Rales found 43.3% and 16.7% in group I and group II respectively. In group I majority (43.3%) patients had consolidation on CXR and in group II all patients had pleural effusion on CXR. Rhonchi observed 36.0% and 16.7% in group I and group II respectively. Cyanosis found only in group I, which was 16.0%. Pharygitis and pleural rub was not found in both groups. The average no of children was found 1.57±0.63 in group I and 2.0±0.83 in group II. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups. Conclusions: Most of the patients were ≤5 years age in both groups and male to female ratio was 1:1 in both groups.
{"title":"Diagnostic utility of routine chest radiography in the evaluation of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer","authors":"Toshiba Rahman, Razia Sultana, Afroza Sultana, Habiba Khatun, Ajanta Rani Saha, M. S. Rahman","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evaluation of febrile episodes in children who have become neutropenic during treatment for malignant disease has traditionally included in this study through screening tests for foci of infection and chest radiography. This study aimed to find out the diagnostic utility of routine chest radiography in the evaluation of febrile neutropenic in cancer children.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Department of Pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between January 2012 to September 2012. Total 60 patients, age 6-months to 15 years included in this study. 30 cases are febrile neutropenic and 30 patients are febrile non-neutropenic.\u0000Results: All children had fever in both groups. Rales found 43.3% and 16.7% in group I and group II respectively. In group I majority (43.3%) patients had consolidation on CXR and in group II all patients had pleural effusion on CXR. Rhonchi observed 36.0% and 16.7% in group I and group II respectively. Cyanosis found only in group I, which was 16.0%. Pharygitis and pleural rub was not found in both groups. The average no of children was found 1.57±0.63 in group I and 2.0±0.83 in group II. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups.\u0000Conclusions: Most of the patients were ≤5 years age in both groups and male to female ratio was 1:1 in both groups.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"58 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242032
Dinai Lalnghinglovi Solo, Likta N. Jimo, Don William K. Muti, Namganglung Golmei
ELANE related neutropenia includes congenital and cyclic neutropenia which are primary haematological disorders characterised by recurrent fever, skin and oropharyngeal inflammation (i.e., mouth ulcers, gingivitis, sinusitis, and pharyngitis). A congenital cyclic neutropenia syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterised by a cyclic reduction in the granulocyte proliferation pool in the bone marrow followed by the onset of neutropenia. Patients suffering from this disorder are susceptible to infections and clinically presents at early age. Patients having ELANE mutation combined with autoimmune diseases may have recurrent infections. This was a case report of a 3-year and 6-month-old female child presenting with recurrent pneumonia and oral ulcer. She had ELANE gene mutation associated cyclic neutropenia and was later diagnosed with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Hence, it is important to identify rare causes of immunosuppressive conditions in children presenting with recurrent infections to prevent several long-term complications.
{"title":"ELANE gene mutation related cyclic neutropenia with childhood systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report","authors":"Dinai Lalnghinglovi Solo, Likta N. Jimo, Don William K. Muti, Namganglung Golmei","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242032","url":null,"abstract":"ELANE related neutropenia includes congenital and cyclic neutropenia which are primary haematological disorders characterised by recurrent fever, skin and oropharyngeal inflammation (i.e., mouth ulcers, gingivitis, sinusitis, and pharyngitis). A congenital cyclic neutropenia syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterised by a cyclic reduction in the granulocyte proliferation pool in the bone marrow followed by the onset of neutropenia. Patients suffering from this disorder are susceptible to infections and clinically presents at early age. Patients having ELANE mutation combined with autoimmune diseases may have recurrent infections. This was a case report of a 3-year and 6-month-old female child presenting with recurrent pneumonia and oral ulcer. She had ELANE gene mutation associated cyclic neutropenia and was later diagnosed with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Hence, it is important to identify rare causes of immunosuppressive conditions in children presenting with recurrent infections to prevent several long-term complications.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"57 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242025
Karra Geetha, K. Sree, Shaik Razia Begum, Anil Kumar, Nur Hussain, T. R. Rao
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a significant pediatric condition characterized by diverse clinical manifestations and potential cardiovascular complications. This case report examines a 4-year- old male child, third in birth order from a consanguineous marriage, presenting with a 14-day history of fever, strawberry tongue, peri-oral and peri-anal excoriation, and skin peeling on the upper limbs. Clinical examination revealed bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection and cervical lymphadenopathy. Laboratory findings indicated systemic inflammation, supporting the KD diagnosis according to established criteria. The child was treated with intravenous fluids (IVF), paracetamol, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), aspirin, and topical calamine lotion. The treatment regimen led to favorable patient outcomes, although the consanguineous background suggests potential genetic predisposition. This case underscores the critical need for timely diagnosis and intervention in KD to prevent severe cardiac complications. It highlights the importance of adhering to diagnostic criteria and prompt therapeutic measures, contributing to improved understanding and management of KD in pediatric practice. Further research is recommended to explore genetic factors influencing KD.
{"title":"A case report on Kawasaki disease","authors":"Karra Geetha, K. Sree, Shaik Razia Begum, Anil Kumar, Nur Hussain, T. R. Rao","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242025","url":null,"abstract":"Kawasaki disease (KD) is a significant pediatric condition characterized by diverse clinical manifestations and potential cardiovascular complications. This case report examines a 4-year- old male child, third in birth order from a consanguineous marriage, presenting with a 14-day history of fever, strawberry tongue, peri-oral and peri-anal excoriation, and skin peeling on the upper limbs. Clinical examination revealed bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection and cervical lymphadenopathy. Laboratory findings indicated systemic inflammation, supporting the KD diagnosis according to established criteria. The child was treated with intravenous fluids (IVF), paracetamol, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), aspirin, and topical calamine lotion. The treatment regimen led to favorable patient outcomes, although the consanguineous background suggests potential genetic predisposition. This case underscores the critical need for timely diagnosis and intervention in KD to prevent severe cardiac complications. It highlights the importance of adhering to diagnostic criteria and prompt therapeutic measures, contributing to improved understanding and management of KD in pediatric practice. Further research is recommended to explore genetic factors influencing KD.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"23 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242009
Odunayo Afolayan, M. Onigbinde, Victor Joel-Medewase, Oluwadare Oluwayemi, Olushola A. Oyedeji, Samson Ojedokun
Background: The concept of prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia offers an attractive option in identifying babies at risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia. This study determined the ability of the cord bilirubin/albumin ratio to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: This was a hospital-based longitudinal cross-sectional study conducted on four hundred and seventy-one neonates in a southwest community in Nigeria. Blood samples were obtained for cord bilirubin, cord albumin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio were analyzed for their predictive ability of significant hyperbilirubinemia at 72-96 hours with follow-up. Receiver observation curve analysis (ROC) was employed to compare the predictive abilities of cord bilirubin, cord albumin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio. Results: The prevalence of significant hyperbilirubinemia was 4.2%. Cord bilirubin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio were found to have a significant relationship with the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia at 48-72 hours follow-up. Cord bilirubin of greater than 1.58 mg/dl was shown to be predictive of significant hyperbilirubinemia with a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of 70%, 48.34%, 5.7% and 97.3% respectively. Conclusions: Comparing the predictive abilities of cord bilirubin, cord albumin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio; the study reveals that cord bilirubin has the best ability to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia.
{"title":"Exploring bilirubin/albumin ratio as predictor of significant hyperbilirubinemia among neonate in Southwest Nigeria","authors":"Odunayo Afolayan, M. Onigbinde, Victor Joel-Medewase, Oluwadare Oluwayemi, Olushola A. Oyedeji, Samson Ojedokun","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The concept of prediction of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia offers an attractive option in identifying babies at risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia. This study determined the ability of the cord bilirubin/albumin ratio to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia.\u0000Methods: This was a hospital-based longitudinal cross-sectional study conducted on four hundred and seventy-one neonates in a southwest community in Nigeria. Blood samples were obtained for cord bilirubin, cord albumin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio were analyzed for their predictive ability of significant hyperbilirubinemia at 72-96 hours with follow-up. Receiver observation curve analysis (ROC) was employed to compare the predictive abilities of cord bilirubin, cord albumin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio.\u0000Results: The prevalence of significant hyperbilirubinemia was 4.2%. Cord bilirubin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio were found to have a significant relationship with the development of significant hyperbilirubinemia at 48-72 hours follow-up. Cord bilirubin of greater than 1.58 mg/dl was shown to be predictive of significant hyperbilirubinemia with a sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of 70%, 48.34%, 5.7% and 97.3% respectively.\u0000Conclusions: Comparing the predictive abilities of cord bilirubin, cord albumin and cord bilirubin/albumin ratio; the study reveals that cord bilirubin has the best ability to predict significant hyperbilirubinemia.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"33 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141798906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242027
Navin Kumar, Seema Sharma, Abhinav Gautam
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare entity characterized by high grade fever, respiratory or gastrointestinal infection accompanying with rapid alteration of consciousness and/ or seizures. This case report will discuss the diagnostic approach in 2.5-year-old male child with fever, vomiting and altered sensorium. Empirical therapy for meningoencephalitis with supportive therapy was administered. Diagnostic approach of ANEC consists of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and neuroimaging interpretation. The patient had high liver enzyme, normal CSF analysis with appearances of edema, hemorrhage and necrosis with symmetrical lesion involving bilateral thalami in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
{"title":"Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood - an atypical disease with typical manifestations: a rare case report","authors":"Navin Kumar, Seema Sharma, Abhinav Gautam","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242027","url":null,"abstract":"Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare entity characterized by high grade fever, respiratory or gastrointestinal infection accompanying with rapid alteration of consciousness and/ or seizures. This case report will discuss the diagnostic approach in 2.5-year-old male child with fever, vomiting and altered sensorium. Empirical therapy for meningoencephalitis with supportive therapy was administered. Diagnostic approach of ANEC consists of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and neuroimaging interpretation. The patient had high liver enzyme, normal CSF analysis with appearances of edema, hemorrhage and necrosis with symmetrical lesion involving bilateral thalami in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"52 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141799804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242028
Khushboo Singh, Alpa Rathi
Rare congenital anomaly prune belly syndrome (PBS) affects male infants. Usually characterized by anterior abdominal wall muscle aplasia, cryptorchidism, and urinary tract defects. This is a similar case of a term male baby admitted to our NICU. Cryptorchidism, anterior abdominal wall weakness, and massive bladder dilation were found. The diagnosis was made clinically and then we confirmed the diagnosis by ultrasonography which revealed massive urinary bladder dilation with bilateral hydronephrosis, and thinning of the renal cortex. On clinical evaluation murmur could be heard for which 2D echo was planned and a large arterial septal defect (Left to right shunt) was present. Treatment mainly in volves orchidopexy, anterior abdominoplasty as well as urinary tract reconstruction.
{"title":"Symphony of challenges-prune belly syndrome with congenital heart disease","authors":"Khushboo Singh, Alpa Rathi","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242028","url":null,"abstract":"Rare congenital anomaly prune belly syndrome (PBS) affects male infants. Usually characterized by anterior abdominal wall muscle aplasia, cryptorchidism, and urinary tract defects. This is a similar case of a term male baby admitted to our NICU. Cryptorchidism, anterior abdominal wall weakness, and massive bladder dilation were found. The diagnosis was made clinically and then we confirmed the diagnosis by ultrasonography which revealed massive urinary bladder dilation with bilateral hydronephrosis, and thinning of the renal cortex. On clinical evaluation murmur could be heard for which 2D echo was planned and a large arterial septal defect (Left to right shunt) was present. Treatment mainly in volves orchidopexy, anterior abdominoplasty as well as urinary tract reconstruction.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"40 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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