Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242020
S. Hemavathi, V. Sathiyapriya, C. Rekha, A. T. A. Seeralar, Pragna. B. Dolia, Abinaya P.
Background: Alkaline phosphatases are isoenzymes that hydrolyze the organic phosphate in the extracellular space to free phosphates; mostly they are present on the outer layer of the cell membrane similar to that on hepatocytes. The human body contains four isoenzymes: they are hepatic/bone/renal alkaline phosphatase (L/B/K ALP), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLALP isoenzyme), and germ cell alkaline phosphatase (GCALP). In clinical practice, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is routinely measured as a marker of bone and hepatic function. In the field of neonatology, it is used in diagnosing and indicating the severity of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in preterm newborns. It is also used as an early predictor of neonatal jaundice. The current study is aimed at detecting the specific isoenzyme form of alkaline phosphatase elevated in the umbilical cord of newborns and its association with hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: The study included 30-term newborns in a tertiary care hospital in Velappanchavadi, Chennai. After birth, cord blood was collected for the determination of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in the serum. The average alkaline phosphatase activity in the cord blood serum was 109±35 IU/l. The average percentage of alkaline phosphatase activity after treatment with heat, phenylalanine, and urea were 6, 11.5, and 87% respectively. Results: It was evident that the isoenzyme form present in the umbilical cord of term healthy neonates is of intestinal origin. Conclusions: The elevated intestinal form of alkaline phosphatase indicates an immature liver and thereby predicts the future development of hyperbilirubinemia.
{"title":"Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis in umbilical cord blood of healthy term neonates","authors":"S. Hemavathi, V. Sathiyapriya, C. Rekha, A. T. A. Seeralar, Pragna. B. Dolia, Abinaya P.","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Alkaline phosphatases are isoenzymes that hydrolyze the organic phosphate in the extracellular space to free phosphates; mostly they are present on the outer layer of the cell membrane similar to that on hepatocytes. The human body contains four isoenzymes: they are hepatic/bone/renal alkaline phosphatase (L/B/K ALP), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP), placental alkaline phosphatase (PLALP isoenzyme), and germ cell alkaline phosphatase (GCALP). In clinical practice, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is routinely measured as a marker of bone and hepatic function. In the field of neonatology, it is used in diagnosing and indicating the severity of metabolic bone disease (MBD) in preterm newborns. It is also used as an early predictor of neonatal jaundice. The current study is aimed at detecting the specific isoenzyme form of alkaline phosphatase elevated in the umbilical cord of newborns and its association with hyperbilirubinemia.\u0000Methods: The study included 30-term newborns in a tertiary care hospital in Velappanchavadi, Chennai. After birth, cord blood was collected for the determination of alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in the serum. The average alkaline phosphatase activity in the cord blood serum was 109±35 IU/l. The average percentage of alkaline phosphatase activity after treatment with heat, phenylalanine, and urea were 6, 11.5, and 87% respectively.\u0000Results: It was evident that the isoenzyme form present in the umbilical cord of term healthy neonates is of intestinal origin.\u0000Conclusions: The elevated intestinal form of alkaline phosphatase indicates an immature liver and thereby predicts the future development of hyperbilirubinemia.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"38 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242031
Debolina Biswas, S. K. Saini, A. Saini, Vinayak Dhinsi, Seema Kumari
Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare but fatal intrathoracic malignancy, which arises from the lung parenchyma and/or pleura. Despite being rare, PPB is the most common lung tumor in young children. Clinically, this rare malignancy is often mistaken for symptoms of respiratory tract infection or pneumothorax. The PPB require aggressive treatment which include surgical resection and chemotherapy. We report this case with the aim to raise awareness about this fatal and misleading malignancy. Knowledge of clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathological findings, staging and association with other tumors is crucial for timely diagnosis of pleuropulmonary blastoma and subsequent adequate management.
{"title":"Extra pulmonary pleuropulmonary blastoma in two-year-old child: a rare cystic lesion of lung","authors":"Debolina Biswas, S. K. Saini, A. Saini, Vinayak Dhinsi, Seema Kumari","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242031","url":null,"abstract":"Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare but fatal intrathoracic malignancy, which arises from the lung parenchyma and/or pleura. Despite being rare, PPB is the most common lung tumor in young children. Clinically, this rare malignancy is often mistaken for symptoms of respiratory tract infection or pneumothorax. The PPB require aggressive treatment which include surgical resection and chemotherapy. We report this case with the aim to raise awareness about this fatal and misleading malignancy. Knowledge of clinical presentation, imaging findings, histopathological findings, staging and association with other tumors is crucial for timely diagnosis of pleuropulmonary blastoma and subsequent adequate management.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"36 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242008
Khondaker M. Elahi, M. Shahjahan, M. S. A. Talukder, Tammanna Ferdousi, Mohammad B. Hossain, Debasish Chakrabarty
Background: In male children, undescended testes are a common genitourinary anomaly. Localization of the testis by clinical examination and most imaging studies. Ultrasonography and MRI play diagnostic era. The study goal was diagnostic accuracy of sonography to localization and status of non-palpable undescended testis. Methods: This cross-sectional type of observational study was carried out from January 2018 to April 2019 (16 months duration) in the department of pediatric surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh. Among the 36 patients with non-palpable undescended testis who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the patients' medical histories were recorded in a data collection sheet following the parents or guardians informed written consent. Data was processed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24. Results: Total 36 non palpable undescended testis patients were included in this study. Age range 6 months to 12 years with mean age of 3.06±2.58 years. Among 36 patients 20 were left sided, 10 were right sided and 6 were bilateral. Sonographic localization in inguinal canal were 20 (55.55%), proximal to deep ring were 8 (22.22%) superficial inguinal rings were 4 (11.11%) and unlocated 4 (11.11%). Per operative localization of testis in inguinal canal were 19 (52.78%) proximal to deep ring were 7 (16.66%), abdominal were 5 (13.88%), superficial inguinal ring was 3 (8.33%), and unlocated were 2 (5.55%). Mean length and breadth of per operative measurement of testes were 11.2±2.6 mm and 7.9±1.8 mm respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and efficacy of this study were 94.11%, 40%, 81.81% respectively. Conclusions: Abdominoscrotal sonography is safe, non-invasive, accurate and bed side diagnostic tool in the detection of non-palpable testis in children.
{"title":"Diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasound in localization and status of non-palpable undescended testis in children","authors":"Khondaker M. Elahi, M. Shahjahan, M. S. A. Talukder, Tammanna Ferdousi, Mohammad B. Hossain, Debasish Chakrabarty","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In male children, undescended testes are a common genitourinary anomaly. Localization of the testis by clinical examination and most imaging studies. Ultrasonography and MRI play diagnostic era. The study goal was diagnostic accuracy of sonography to localization and status of non-palpable undescended testis.\u0000Methods: This cross-sectional type of observational study was carried out from January 2018 to April 2019 (16 months duration) in the department of pediatric surgery, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh. Among the 36 patients with non-palpable undescended testis who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the patients' medical histories were recorded in a data collection sheet following the parents or guardians informed written consent. Data was processed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24.\u0000Results: Total 36 non palpable undescended testis patients were included in this study. Age range 6 months to 12 years with mean age of 3.06±2.58 years. Among 36 patients 20 were left sided, 10 were right sided and 6 were bilateral. Sonographic localization in inguinal canal were 20 (55.55%), proximal to deep ring were 8 (22.22%) superficial inguinal rings were 4 (11.11%) and unlocated 4 (11.11%). Per operative localization of testis in inguinal canal were 19 (52.78%) proximal to deep ring were 7 (16.66%), abdominal were 5 (13.88%), superficial inguinal ring was 3 (8.33%), and unlocated were 2 (5.55%). Mean length and breadth of per operative measurement of testes were 11.2±2.6 mm and 7.9±1.8 mm respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and efficacy of this study were 94.11%, 40%, 81.81% respectively.\u0000Conclusions: Abdominoscrotal sonography is safe, non-invasive, accurate and bed side diagnostic tool in the detection of non-palpable testis in children.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242013
V. Surlu, Ashwi R. Krishnan, Preethy Edavaloth, Arshad Jaman Mankarathodi, Fysal Neliyathodi, R. Jakribettu
Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection encountered by paediatrician in their routine clinical practice, globally. To avoid complications, accurate diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy is very important. To reduce the treatment failure, the change in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern is very essential. Aim was to study the trend of antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogen in paediatric patients attending the tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in the department of microbiology, paediatrics and quality control, the records of paediatric patients i.e., between 1-16 years age, diagnosed with UTI between January 2017-December 2021 were collected. The age, gender, uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility were noted. The data was analysed by frequency and percentage. Results: A total of 276 paediatric patients were diagnosed with UTI during the study period. The highest number of patients i.e., 109/276 (39.5%) belonged between 1-5 years of age with female predominance. E. coli (148/ 276, 53.62%) was the most common uropathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella spp. (57/276, 20.7%). Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were the common Gram-positive pathogens. Highest resistance was observed to ampicillin followed by 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC), folate inhibitors among the E. coli and similarly in Klebsiella isolates. There was increasing rate of resistance seen in ampicillin, 3GC, nitrofurantoin, beta lactum-beta lactamase inhibitor combination. Conclusions: E. coli is the most common cause of UTI with changing resistance pattern over five years. So, the antibiogram needs to be closely monitored and the AMA for empirical therapy needs modified annually.
{"title":"Five-year trends in antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens isolated from paediatric patients attending a tertiary care teaching hospital","authors":"V. Surlu, Ashwi R. Krishnan, Preethy Edavaloth, Arshad Jaman Mankarathodi, Fysal Neliyathodi, R. Jakribettu","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection encountered by paediatrician in their routine clinical practice, globally. To avoid complications, accurate diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy is very important. To reduce the treatment failure, the change in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern is very essential. Aim was to study the trend of antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogen in paediatric patients attending the tertiary care hospital.\u0000Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted in the department of microbiology, paediatrics and quality control, the records of paediatric patients i.e., between 1-16 years age, diagnosed with UTI between January 2017-December 2021 were collected. The age, gender, uropathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility were noted. The data was analysed by frequency and percentage.\u0000Results: A total of 276 paediatric patients were diagnosed with UTI during the study period. The highest number of patients i.e., 109/276 (39.5%) belonged between 1-5 years of age with female predominance. E. coli (148/ 276, 53.62%) was the most common uropathogen isolated followed by Klebsiella spp. (57/276, 20.7%). Staphylococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were the common Gram-positive pathogens. Highest resistance was observed to ampicillin followed by 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC), folate inhibitors among the E. coli and similarly in Klebsiella isolates. There was increasing rate of resistance seen in ampicillin, 3GC, nitrofurantoin, beta lactum-beta lactamase inhibitor combination.\u0000Conclusions: E. coli is the most common cause of UTI with changing resistance pattern over five years. So, the antibiogram needs to be closely monitored and the AMA for empirical therapy needs modified annually.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"22 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242021
Santosh U. Herakal, Shivakumar Indi, N. Malagi, A. Thobbi
Background: Bronchiolitis is most common respiratory infection in infants and treatment focuses on management of respiratory distress and hypoxia. The clinical effectiveness of HFNC therapy in bronchiolitis has been reported only in non-experimental observational studies and also there is scarcity of high-grade evidence about HFNC usage in bronchiolitis, hence we intend to study the effectiveness of HFNC in bronchiolitis through prospective randomized control study. Methods: It is prospective randomized control trial conducted at pediatric ward/ ICU at department of paediatrics, Al Ameen medical college, Bijapur from January 2023 to April 2024 all children diagnosed as bronchiolitis aged between 2 to 24 months were included. All of study participants had thorough histories obtained, including demographic information, vital parameters including SaO2 in room air. (Clinical severity score) by modified Wood’s clinical asthma score (M-WCAS) at admission and 2nd hourly till oxygen support is completely weaned off. Treatment failure is defined as meeting ≥3 out of 4 clinical criteria: persistent tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxemia and decision of escalation by treating doctor. Primary outcome was treatment failure and need of escalation of therapy. Results: A total of 65 cases are randomized, among them 33 cases are allocated to standard oxygen therapy and 32 cases to high flow nasal cannula group. HFNC group showed lower proportion of treatment failure than standard oxygen therapy group (p<0.0005). Secondary outcomes are also compared with previous studies. Conclusions: HFNC group showed lower proportions of treatment failure than standard oxygen therapy.
{"title":"High flow nasal cannula therapy versus standard oxygen therapy in bronchiolitis: a prospective randomized control trial","authors":"Santosh U. Herakal, Shivakumar Indi, N. Malagi, A. Thobbi","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242021","url":null,"abstract":" Background: Bronchiolitis is most common respiratory infection in infants and treatment focuses on management of respiratory distress and hypoxia. The clinical effectiveness of HFNC therapy in bronchiolitis has been reported only in non-experimental observational studies and also there is scarcity of high-grade evidence about HFNC usage in bronchiolitis, hence we intend to study the effectiveness of HFNC in bronchiolitis through prospective randomized control study.\u0000Methods: It is prospective randomized control trial conducted at pediatric ward/ ICU at department of paediatrics, Al Ameen medical college, Bijapur from January 2023 to April 2024 all children diagnosed as bronchiolitis aged between 2 to 24 months were included. All of study participants had thorough histories obtained, including demographic information, vital parameters including SaO2 in room air. (Clinical severity score) by modified Wood’s clinical asthma score (M-WCAS) at admission and 2nd hourly till oxygen support is completely weaned off. Treatment failure is defined as meeting ≥3 out of 4 clinical criteria: persistent tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxemia and decision of escalation by treating doctor. Primary outcome was treatment failure and need of escalation of therapy.\u0000Results: A total of 65 cases are randomized, among them 33 cases are allocated to standard oxygen therapy and 32 cases to high flow nasal cannula group. HFNC group showed lower proportion of treatment failure than standard oxygen therapy group (p<0.0005). Secondary outcomes are also compared with previous studies.\u0000Conclusions: HFNC group showed lower proportions of treatment failure than standard oxygen therapy.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"18 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242015
Ramesh Bhat, Sandesh Kini, Rakshitha R Shenoy, Saurabh Kumar
Background: Dental caries is a global public health concern, particularly for young children. The objective of the study was to investigate the severity of dental caries in children with vitamin D deficiency and to compare the vitamin D levels among children with extensive dental caries and without caries. Methods: A case control study was carried out among 38 children between 2 to 16 years of age with 19 children in case (with dental caries) and 19 in control (without dental caries) groups from February 2022 to September 2023. Caries status of the children was recorded using decayed, extracted, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Every child had blood sample taken for serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels. After gathering all the data, it was statistically analysed. Results: The mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was 24.93 ng/ml (SD±7.05) among cases and 18.67 ng/mL (S. D±8.88) among the controls. When the mean levels of serum 25(OH) vitamin D were compared between case and control groups, there was a statistically significant difference (p value=0.021). Simple linear regression in case group showed inverse correlation between the level of vitamin D and dental caries, however it was not statistically significant (p value=0.58). Conclusions: Our results showed that there was no significant association between Vitamin D levels and dental caries. This may be due to small sample size which is one of the limitations of our study. We need further studies with larger sample size to study this association.
背景：龋齿是全球关注的公共卫生问题，尤其是对幼儿而言。本研究的目的是调查维生素 D 缺乏儿童龋齿的严重程度，并比较大面积龋齿儿童和无龋齿儿童的维生素 D 水平：方法：2022 年 2 月至 2023 年 9 月，对 38 名 2 至 16 岁的儿童进行了病例对照研究，其中病例组（有龋齿）19 名，对照组（无龋齿）19 名。使用龋齿、拔牙、缺失牙和补牙（DMFT）指数记录儿童的龋齿状况。每个儿童都被抽取了血样，以检测血清中 25（OH）维生素 D 的水平。收集所有数据后，对其进行统计分析：病例的平均血清 25（OH）维生素 D 水平为 24.93 ng/ml（SD±7.05），对照组为 18.67 ng/ml（S. D±8.88）。比较病例组和对照组的血清 25（OH）维生素 D 平均水平，差异有统计学意义（P 值=0.021）。病例组的简单线性回归结果显示，维生素 D 水平与龋齿呈反相关，但无统计学意义（P 值=0.58）：我们的研究结果表明，维生素 D 水平与龋齿之间没有明显关联。这可能是由于样本量较小，这也是我们研究的局限性之一。我们需要进一步开展样本量更大的研究，来研究这种关联。
{"title":"Association between vitamin D levels and extensive dental caries in children, Karnataka, India","authors":"Ramesh Bhat, Sandesh Kini, Rakshitha R Shenoy, Saurabh Kumar","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dental caries is a global public health concern, particularly for young children. The objective of the study was to investigate the severity of dental caries in children with vitamin D deficiency and to compare the vitamin D levels among children with extensive dental caries and without caries.\u0000Methods: A case control study was carried out among 38 children between 2 to 16 years of age with 19 children in case (with dental caries) and 19 in control (without dental caries) groups from February 2022 to September 2023. Caries status of the children was recorded using decayed, extracted, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Every child had blood sample taken for serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels. After gathering all the data, it was statistically analysed.\u0000Results: The mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was 24.93 ng/ml (SD±7.05) among cases and 18.67 ng/mL (S. D±8.88) among the controls. When the mean levels of serum 25(OH) vitamin D were compared between case and control groups, there was a statistically significant difference (p value=0.021). Simple linear regression in case group showed inverse correlation between the level of vitamin D and dental caries, however it was not statistically significant (p value=0.58).\u0000Conclusions: Our results showed that there was no significant association between Vitamin D levels and dental caries. This may be due to small sample size which is one of the limitations of our study. We need further studies with larger sample size to study this association.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"13 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hepatitis A is an important health problem in developing and under-developed countries, including India. Mostly it has a self-limiting course. Extra-hepatic manifestations in form of ascites, pleural effusion and acute acalculous cholecystitis occurring in same patient are not commonly reported. We report a recent case of 8-year-old boy with ascites, right sided pleural effusion and acalculous cholecystitis. Child presented to us with jaundice, pain abdomen and difficulty in breathing. His serology was positive for hepatitis A. He was successfully managed with conservative treatment. No antibiotics were started and no invasive procedures were carried out. Ascites, pleural effusion and acalculous cholecystitis, are rare presentation of hepatitis A that have self-limiting course and don’t affect severity of disease. Physicians should be aware of this rare presentation, so that invasive procedures, unnecessary investigations and undue anxiety of treating doctors and parents could be avoided.
{"title":"Rare presentation of hepatitis A with ascites, pleural effusion and acalculous cholecystitis","authors":"Deepty Nauriyal, Kapil Raote, Rishabh Dubey, Ajay Punj","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242026","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis A is an important health problem in developing and under-developed countries, including India. Mostly it has a self-limiting course. Extra-hepatic manifestations in form of ascites, pleural effusion and acute acalculous cholecystitis occurring in same patient are not commonly reported. We report a recent case of 8-year-old boy with ascites, right sided pleural effusion and acalculous cholecystitis. Child presented to us with jaundice, pain abdomen and difficulty in breathing. His serology was positive for hepatitis A. He was successfully managed with conservative treatment. No antibiotics were started and no invasive procedures were carried out. Ascites, pleural effusion and acalculous cholecystitis, are rare presentation of hepatitis A that have self-limiting course and don’t affect severity of disease. Physicians should be aware of this rare presentation, so that invasive procedures, unnecessary investigations and undue anxiety of treating doctors and parents could be avoided.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"35 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141800598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242023
V. Bhaskar, Sumaira Khalil, Mani Raj, Prerna Batra
Background: Early recognition of heart disease in children can be challenging, because children often have a limited repertoire of presenting signs and symptoms. Primary purpose of our study was to compare the levels of BNP in cardiac and non-cardiac pediatric patients admitted in PICU. Methods: The study was conducted prospectively on 45 patients admitted in PICU. The i-STAT POC device (Abbott, East Windsor, NJ) was used for BNP measurement. Patients aging 1 month to 12 years, were enrolled in three cohorts: 1) Cardiac cohort, consisting of patients presenting with features of heart failure, 2) non-cardiac patients admitted in PICU with respiratory distress, 3) Critically sick, non-cardiac patients (PELOD score >20) without respiratory distress. Results: Mean BNP levels in cardiac cohort were 2273 (±1302) pg/ml, which were significantly higher than those observed in respiratory cohort (9655±1223 pg/ml) and other critical illness group (102±168). The area under the ROC curve for BNP was 0.956 and at a value of 837 pg/ml, BNP has a sensitivity of 93.3 and a specificity of 93% to correctly identify CHF in cardiac patients. Conclusions: We concluded that BNP levels are significantly higher in cardiac patients and point of care BNP estimation can easily distinguish between cardiac and non-cardiac patients. We also found that though BNP is raised in respiratory illness as well, levels are not very high as compared to cardiac patients.
{"title":"Point of care estimation of B type natriuretic peptide levels in pediatric patients as a marker of cardiac disease","authors":"V. Bhaskar, Sumaira Khalil, Mani Raj, Prerna Batra","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20242023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Early recognition of heart disease in children can be challenging, because children often have a limited repertoire of presenting signs and symptoms. Primary purpose of our study was to compare the levels of BNP in cardiac and non-cardiac pediatric patients admitted in PICU.\u0000Methods: The study was conducted prospectively on 45 patients admitted in PICU. The i-STAT POC device (Abbott, East Windsor, NJ) was used for BNP measurement. Patients aging 1 month to 12 years, were enrolled in three cohorts: 1) Cardiac cohort, consisting of patients presenting with features of heart failure, 2) non-cardiac patients admitted in PICU with respiratory distress, 3) Critically sick, non-cardiac patients (PELOD score >20) without respiratory distress.\u0000Results: Mean BNP levels in cardiac cohort were 2273 (±1302) pg/ml, which were significantly higher than those observed in respiratory cohort (9655±1223 pg/ml) and other critical illness group (102±168). The area under the ROC curve for BNP was 0.956 and at a value of 837 pg/ml, BNP has a sensitivity of 93.3 and a specificity of 93% to correctly identify CHF in cardiac patients.\u0000Conclusions: We concluded that BNP levels are significantly higher in cardiac patients and point of care BNP estimation can easily distinguish between cardiac and non-cardiac patients. We also found that though BNP is raised in respiratory illness as well, levels are not very high as compared to cardiac patients.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141801707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Bone marrow aspiration cytology (BMA), bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and bone marrow Touch imprint smear cytology (BMI) are three important modalities helpful in arriving at a diagnosis in pancytopenia cases. BMA gives cytological picture; BMI plays a pivotal role in providing early diagnosis while awaiting BMB. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the role of BMI to bridge the gap between BMA and BMB. Methods: 40 children from one to eighteen years with pancytopenia to Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, over a period of one year from September 2022 to August 2023 were enrolled. They were subjected to routine investigations, followed by BMA and BMB. Imprint smears were made from the biopsy core and examined. Results: BMA was useful in arriving at a diagnosis in 83.3% of cases, BMI smear examination and BMB were diagnostic in 91.6% and 95.8% of cases respectively. Most common entity in age group of 1-6 years was hemophagocytic lympho histiocytosis (HLH) followed by aplastic anaemia (AA) and megaloblastic anaemia (MA) in 6-12 years and 12-18 years age group children respectively. Conclusions: This study concludes that better results were yielded when all the three procedures were performed simultaneously. BMI was a useful diagnostic modality while awaiting biopsy. In cases where there was dry tap or hemodilution in BMA, the imprint smear cytology helped in rendering early diagnosis than BMB. Hence, this study emphasizes that BMI cytology should be implemented as a mandatory practice during bone marrow evaluation.
{"title":"Role of bone marrow imprint smear cytology as a bridge between bone marrow aspiration and biopsy in children with pancytopenia","authors":"Spoorthi M. S., Pradeep Rudramurthy, Poornima Raghunathan, Hafsa Saif, Hemalata Lokanath","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20241969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20241969","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bone marrow aspiration cytology (BMA), bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and bone marrow Touch imprint smear cytology (BMI) are three important modalities helpful in arriving at a diagnosis in pancytopenia cases. BMA gives cytological picture; BMI plays a pivotal role in providing early diagnosis while awaiting BMB. Hence, the present study was undertaken to assess the role of BMI to bridge the gap between BMA and BMB.\u0000Methods: 40 children from one to eighteen years with pancytopenia to Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, over a period of one year from September 2022 to August 2023 were enrolled. They were subjected to routine investigations, followed by BMA and BMB. Imprint smears were made from the biopsy core and examined.\u0000Results: BMA was useful in arriving at a diagnosis in 83.3% of cases, BMI smear examination and BMB were diagnostic in 91.6% and 95.8% of cases respectively. Most common entity in age group of 1-6 years was hemophagocytic lympho histiocytosis (HLH) followed by aplastic anaemia (AA) and megaloblastic anaemia (MA) in 6-12 years and 12-18 years age group children respectively.\u0000Conclusions: This study concludes that better results were yielded when all the three procedures were performed simultaneously. BMI was a useful diagnostic modality while awaiting biopsy. In cases where there was dry tap or hemodilution in BMA, the imprint smear cytology helped in rendering early diagnosis than BMB. Hence, this study emphasizes that BMI cytology should be implemented as a mandatory practice during bone marrow evaluation.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-21DOI: 10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20241314
Quang Hien Tran
Background: In recent years, according to the investigation report of the Institute of Nutrition, the malnutrition rate of children in remote, faraway, and ethnic minority areas is still high compared to children in other regions. Studying the malnutrition status of children aged 6 to 24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province is a practical need to provide some scientific evidence for interventions to reduce the malnutrition rate of children in the locality. This study aims to explore the nutritional status of children aged 6-24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province in 2018. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: Cham ethnic children from 6 to 24 months old at the time of the survey and the mothers of the children living in Tan Chau town, An Giang province. Results: Research shows that the average weight and length increase with age group, and boys have higher corresponding average values than girls. The malnutrition group has the highest malnutrition rate in the age group of 6-12 months at 27.2% and the lowest in the age group of 19-24 months at 2.6%. Undernourished group in the Stunted category has the highest undernourishment rate in the age group of 6-12 months at 44.1% and the lowest in the age group of 19-24 months at 25.7%. Undernourished group in the Wasted category has the highest undernourishment rate in the age group of 13-18 months at 13.9% and the lowest in the age group of 19-24 months at 2.6%. Conclusions: The malnutrition status of children aged 6-24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province in 2018 is still quite high.
{"title":"Study the malnutrition status of children aged 6-24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province in 2018","authors":"Quang Hien Tran","doi":"10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20241314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20241314","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In recent years, according to the investigation report of the Institute of Nutrition, the malnutrition rate of children in remote, faraway, and ethnic minority areas is still high compared to children in other regions. Studying the malnutrition status of children aged 6 to 24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province is a practical need to provide some scientific evidence for interventions to reduce the malnutrition rate of children in the locality. This study aims to explore the nutritional status of children aged 6-24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province in 2018.\u0000Methods: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: Cham ethnic children from 6 to 24 months old at the time of the survey and the mothers of the children living in Tan Chau town, An Giang province.\u0000Results: Research shows that the average weight and length increase with age group, and boys have higher corresponding average values than girls. The malnutrition group has the highest malnutrition rate in the age group of 6-12 months at 27.2% and the lowest in the age group of 19-24 months at 2.6%. Undernourished group in the Stunted category has the highest undernourishment rate in the age group of 6-12 months at 44.1% and the lowest in the age group of 19-24 months at 25.7%. Undernourished group in the Wasted category has the highest undernourishment rate in the age group of 13-18 months at 13.9% and the lowest in the age group of 19-24 months at 2.6%.\u0000Conclusions: The malnutrition status of children aged 6-24 months of the Cham ethnic group in Tan Chau town, An Giang province in 2018 is still quite high.","PeriodicalId":13870,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics","volume":"14 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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