Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5028
Yogesh Chand Modi, Ngurang Menia, Anchal Jhawer
Objective: Nasotracheal intubation is associated with a number of complications, most commonly nasal trauma or epistaxis. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of conventional versus cephalad direction of the bevel of endotracheal tube on the development of epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation. Methods: A total of 74 adults aged 18 to 50 y posted for surgeries requiring nasotracheal intubation were randomly divided into group A (Conventional) and group B (Interventional). After induction of anesthesia, in group a bevel direction of thermo softened PVC endotracheal tube was towards the nasal septum in the nasal passage and cephalad in group B, later nasotracheal intubation was completed with direct laryngoscopy and Magill forceps. After five minutes direct laryngoscopy was done to check for presence of epistaxis and its severity. Degree of resistance, nasal passage time, intubation time and haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressures) were also assessed and compared. Results: The incidence of epistaxis was significantly lower in group B (Interventional) than group A (Conventional) [15 vs 27; p-value = 0.005], severity of epistaxis [0/1/2] were also significantly lower in group B [22/12/3] than group A [10/15/12] [p value = 0.001]. There was significant difference in haemodynamic parameters between both groups at 1 min till 7 min post intubation. There was no significant difference in degree of resistance, nasal passage time and mean intubation time. Conclusion: The cephalad direction of the bevel of endotracheal tube in nasal passage during nasotracheal intubation decreases the chances of developing epistaxis and its severity. Hemodynamic parameters are also more stable in cephalad direction.
{"title":"EFFECT OF BEVEL DIRECTION OF THE ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE ON THE PROPORTION OF CASES DEVELOPING EPISTAXIS DURING NASOTRACHEAL INTUBATION-A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED INTERVENTIONAL STUDY","authors":"Yogesh Chand Modi, Ngurang Menia, Anchal Jhawer","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5028","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Nasotracheal intubation is associated with a number of complications, most commonly nasal trauma or epistaxis. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of conventional versus cephalad direction of the bevel of endotracheal tube on the development of epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation.\u0000Methods: A total of 74 adults aged 18 to 50 y posted for surgeries requiring nasotracheal intubation were randomly divided into group A (Conventional) and group B (Interventional). After induction of anesthesia, in group a bevel direction of thermo softened PVC endotracheal tube was towards the nasal septum in the nasal passage and cephalad in group B, later nasotracheal intubation was completed with direct laryngoscopy and Magill forceps. After five minutes direct laryngoscopy was done to check for presence of epistaxis and its severity. Degree of resistance, nasal passage time, intubation time and haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, blood pressures) were also assessed and compared.\u0000Results: The incidence of epistaxis was significantly lower in group B (Interventional) than group A (Conventional) [15 vs 27; p-value = 0.005], severity of epistaxis [0/1/2] were also significantly lower in group B [22/12/3] than group A [10/15/12] [p value = 0.001]. There was significant difference in haemodynamic parameters between both groups at 1 min till 7 min post intubation. There was no significant difference in degree of resistance, nasal passage time and mean intubation time.\u0000Conclusion: The cephalad direction of the bevel of endotracheal tube in nasal passage during nasotracheal intubation decreases the chances of developing epistaxis and its severity. Hemodynamic parameters are also more stable in cephalad direction.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5032
B. S. V. V. Subhashini
Objective: Surgical site infections (SSI) are defined as infections occurring within 30 or 90 d after surgical operation or within 1 y, if an implant is left in place after procedure and affecting either incision or deep tissues at the operation site. SSI is one of the quality indicators of the healthcare system. Due to advent of newer antibiotics and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, SSI requires reappraisal of the microbiological flora and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern. The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence etiology of SSI, and determine their Antibiogram. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted for a period of three months from January 2024 to March 2024. A total of fifty swabs/pus specimens from various types of surgical sites suspected to be infected on clinical grounds were collected from the post-operative wards of surgical departments and processed in Microbiology laboratory. Isolation and identification of bacterial agents were done as per standard protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 50 samples, 32 were culture-positive. 87.50% showed monomicrobial growth and 12.50% showed polymicrobial growth. Analysis of bacterial profile shows Staphylococcus aureus (27.77%) was the predominant isolate, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.44%) and Escherichia coli (19.44%). Antibiogram of gram-positive isolates showed sensitivity to Teicoplanin, Vancomycin, and linezolid, whereas gram-negative isolates were sensitive to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam and levofloxacin. Conclusion: Status of SSI is the main quality indicators of hospital infection control and prevention measures. Continuous surveillance on etiology and antibiogram of SSI is necessary to monitor antimicrobial resistance and guide in empirical treatment.
{"title":"BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS IN A TEACHING HOSPITAL","authors":"B. S. V. V. Subhashini","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5032","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Surgical site infections (SSI) are defined as infections occurring within 30 or 90 d after surgical operation or within 1 y, if an implant is left in place after procedure and affecting either incision or deep tissues at the operation site. SSI is one of the quality indicators of the healthcare system. Due to advent of newer antibiotics and emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, SSI requires reappraisal of the microbiological flora and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity pattern. The aim of the present study is to determine the incidence etiology of SSI, and determine their Antibiogram.\u0000Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted for a period of three months from January 2024 to March 2024. A total of fifty swabs/pus specimens from various types of surgical sites suspected to be infected on clinical grounds were collected from the post-operative wards of surgical departments and processed in Microbiology laboratory. Isolation and identification of bacterial agents were done as per standard protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method.\u0000Results: Out of 50 samples, 32 were culture-positive. 87.50% showed monomicrobial growth and 12.50% showed polymicrobial growth. Analysis of bacterial profile shows Staphylococcus aureus (27.77%) was the predominant isolate, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19.44%) and Escherichia coli (19.44%). Antibiogram of gram-positive isolates showed sensitivity to Teicoplanin, Vancomycin, and linezolid, whereas gram-negative isolates were sensitive to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam and levofloxacin.\u0000Conclusion: Status of SSI is the main quality indicators of hospital infection control and prevention measures. Continuous surveillance on etiology and antibiogram of SSI is necessary to monitor antimicrobial resistance and guide in empirical treatment.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" 57","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.4097
Sarita Panigrahi, Tapas R. Mishra, P. P. Mishra
Objective: The pseudo-exfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by the deposition of fibrillary materials around the blood vessels of organs. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the actual prevalence of PEX in Western Odisha and the characteristics of cataracts in those PEX patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 340 OPD patients and was conducted between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, at Hitech Medical College and Hospital. The prevalence of PEX and cataracts was studied. The data was analyzed using basic descriptive statistics and reported in frequencies and percentages. Results: The study showed 74 patients out of 340 were diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, with a prevalence of 23%. 42 patients (58%) were male and 32 (42%) were female, with a M: F ratio of 1.3:1. The mean age of presentation was 67 y (range 51–84 y), and the majority of patients (41%) were in the age group of 61–70 y. The increased intraocular pressure was noticed in 11 cases (15%) in our study. Two patients each had open-angle glaucoma and lens-induced glaucoma. Nuclear cataract was the most common type of cataract observed in 27% of the study group, followed by cortical cataract with nuclear sclerosis in 19% of cases. Conclusion: It is concluded that pseudo-exfoliation syndrome is more common in males than in females, with a higher number of patients in the age group of 81 y and older. Therefore, it can be assumed that it is associated with the age factor. Nuclear cataract was the most common type of cataract observed in our study population.
{"title":"STUDY OF CLINICAL PROFILE OF PSEUDO-EXFOLIATION SYNDROME AND PSEUDO-EXFOLIATION CATARACT IN A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE HOSPITAL IN WESTERN ODISHA","authors":"Sarita Panigrahi, Tapas R. Mishra, P. P. Mishra","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.4097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.4097","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The pseudo-exfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a complex disorder characterized by the deposition of fibrillary materials around the blood vessels of organs. This study was conducted with the aim of knowing the actual prevalence of PEX in Western Odisha and the characteristics of cataracts in those PEX patients. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study included 340 OPD patients and was conducted between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, at Hitech Medical College and Hospital. The prevalence of PEX and cataracts was studied. The data was analyzed using basic descriptive statistics and reported in frequencies and percentages.\u0000Results: The study showed 74 patients out of 340 were diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation syndrome, with a prevalence of 23%. 42 patients (58%) were male and 32 (42%) were female, with a M: F ratio of 1.3:1. The mean age of presentation was 67 y (range 51–84 y), and the majority of patients (41%) were in the age group of 61–70 y. The increased intraocular pressure was noticed in 11 cases (15%) in our study. Two patients each had open-angle glaucoma and lens-induced glaucoma. Nuclear cataract was the most common type of cataract observed in 27% of the study group, followed by cortical cataract with nuclear sclerosis in 19% of cases.\u0000Conclusion: It is concluded that pseudo-exfoliation syndrome is more common in males than in females, with a higher number of patients in the age group of 81 y and older. Therefore, it can be assumed that it is associated with the age factor. Nuclear cataract was the most common type of cataract observed in our study population.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" 100","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5008
Balram Harsana, P. Jain
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) versus open cholecystectomy (OC) in terms of surgery duration, blood loss, postoperative discomfort, hospital stay length, cost-effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. It also assesses differences in primary outcomes, such as mortality, complications, and symptom relief, as well as secondary outcomes, including conversion rates, operative time, and recovery. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study involving 200 patients aged 10-70 with symptomatic gallstones confirmed via ultrasonography at Somani Hospital, Jaipur, from July 2021 to August 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo either lC or OC. We collected data on surgical duration, blood loss, postoperative pain, hospitalization period, and complications, among other variables. Statistical analysis was performed using software tools. Results: Our study involved 200 patients, predominantly female (77%). The average duration of lC was shorter (67.37 min) compared to OC (93.95 min). lC patients had a shorter average hospital stay (2.8 d) compared to OC patients (5.1 d). The conversion rate from lC to OC was 6%, primarily due to anatomical and technical challenges. Complications were significantly lower in lC (17%) compared to OC (28%). Conclusion: lC is more efficient, entails fewer complications, and leads to a quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay compared to OC, supporting its preference in surgical practice for eligible patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. The lower rate of complications and shorter recovery time suggest that lC should be the standard care for cholecystectomy where feasible.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN OPEN CHOLECYSTECTOMY VERSUS LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY","authors":"Balram Harsana, P. Jain","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) versus open cholecystectomy (OC) in terms of surgery duration, blood loss, postoperative discomfort, hospital stay length, cost-effectiveness, and patient satisfaction. It also assesses differences in primary outcomes, such as mortality, complications, and symptom relief, as well as secondary outcomes, including conversion rates, operative time, and recovery.\u0000Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study involving 200 patients aged 10-70 with symptomatic gallstones confirmed via ultrasonography at Somani Hospital, Jaipur, from July 2021 to August 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to undergo either lC or OC. We collected data on surgical duration, blood loss, postoperative pain, hospitalization period, and complications, among other variables. Statistical analysis was performed using software tools.\u0000Results: Our study involved 200 patients, predominantly female (77%). The average duration of lC was shorter (67.37 min) compared to OC (93.95 min). lC patients had a shorter average hospital stay (2.8 d) compared to OC patients (5.1 d). The conversion rate from lC to OC was 6%, primarily due to anatomical and technical challenges. Complications were significantly lower in lC (17%) compared to OC (28%).\u0000Conclusion: lC is more efficient, entails fewer complications, and leads to a quicker recovery and shorter hospital stay compared to OC, supporting its preference in surgical practice for eligible patients with symptomatic gallstone disease. The lower rate of complications and shorter recovery time suggest that lC should be the standard care for cholecystectomy where feasible.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141832648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5048
K. Snehitha, S. Swapna, P. Kamala
Objective: Nosocomial infections have become a serious threat to mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. Major risk factor among critically ill patients is excessive use of invasive devices like Endotracheal tube (ET) and tracheal intubation. The development of biofilm and their subsequent dislodgement aids in lung colonization and may cause Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) [1]. Methods: Present study was conducted on ET tube tips and Tracheal aspirates received in microbiological laboratory from various ICU’s (Medical, surgical and pediatric) in Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam over a period of one year from September 2022 to August 2023. A total of 116 samples were processed according to standard protocols and Antibiotic Susceptible Testing (AST) was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar as per CLSI guidelines. Results: In total, 116 samples were processed. ET tube tips were 76/116 and tracheal aspirates were 40/116, with males (69/116) outnumbered females (47/116). Out of a total of 116 samples, 72 (62%) were culture-positive and 44 (38%) were sterile. Acinetobacter spp. was the most common pathogen among 72 culture positives (31/72, 43%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20/72, 28%), Pseudomonas spp. (13/72, 18%) and Escherichia coli (8/72, 11%). A total of 11 (11/72, 15%) GNB were found as multi-drug resistant. The multi-drug resistant GNB isolated were Acinetobacter (6/72), Klebsiella (3/72) and Pseudomonas (2/72). Meropenem is the most susceptible antibiotic, followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam. Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that most commonly isolated pathogen was Acinetobacter spp. Most of these isolates were sensitive to Carbapenem and BLBLI combination drugs. Microbial persistence and impaired response to the treatment were more frequent, when multi-drug resistant organisms were present. Hence a local combined antibiotic approach, based on bacteriological profile and AST is essential to initiate empirical therapy which will minimize the bacterial colonization and prevent the incidences of VAP.
{"title":"BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND ANTIBIOGRAM OF GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI ISOLATED FROM ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE SECRETIONS AND TRACHEAL ASPIRATES FROM PATIENTS ON MECHANICAL VENTILATION: A HOSPITAL-BASED CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","authors":"K. Snehitha, S. Swapna, P. Kamala","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i4.5048","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Nosocomial infections have become a serious threat to mortality and morbidity among hospitalized patients. Major risk factor among critically ill patients is excessive use of invasive devices like Endotracheal tube (ET) and tracheal intubation. The development of biofilm and their subsequent dislodgement aids in lung colonization and may cause Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) [1].\u0000Methods: Present study was conducted on ET tube tips and Tracheal aspirates received in microbiological laboratory from various ICU’s (Medical, surgical and pediatric) in Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam over a period of one year from September 2022 to August 2023. A total of 116 samples were processed according to standard protocols and Antibiotic Susceptible Testing (AST) was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar as per CLSI guidelines.\u0000Results: In total, 116 samples were processed. ET tube tips were 76/116 and tracheal aspirates were 40/116, with males (69/116) outnumbered females (47/116). Out of a total of 116 samples, 72 (62%) were culture-positive and 44 (38%) were sterile. Acinetobacter spp. was the most common pathogen among 72 culture positives (31/72, 43%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (20/72, 28%), Pseudomonas spp. (13/72, 18%) and Escherichia coli (8/72, 11%). A total of 11 (11/72, 15%) GNB were found as multi-drug resistant. The multi-drug resistant GNB isolated were Acinetobacter (6/72), Klebsiella (3/72) and Pseudomonas (2/72). Meropenem is the most susceptible antibiotic, followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam.\u0000Conclusion: It was concluded from this study that most commonly isolated pathogen was Acinetobacter spp. Most of these isolates were sensitive to Carbapenem and BLBLI combination drugs. Microbial persistence and impaired response to the treatment were more frequent, when multi-drug resistant organisms were present. Hence a local combined antibiotic approach, based on bacteriological profile and AST is essential to initiate empirical therapy which will minimize the bacterial colonization and prevent the incidences of VAP.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4082
Ahuti Pandya, Preeti Meena, KULDEEP JAREDA
Objective: Rickettsial infections is the most neglected and underdiagnosed tropical diseases in developing countries. The most common rickettsial disease, which is caused by the obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi, is Scrub Typhus. Scrub typhus can prove to an important diagnosis in pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) patients and is transmitted by a species of trombiculid mites (“chiggers”). Aim of this study is to find seroprevalence and clinical features of scrub typhus among febrile patients from a tertiary care hospital in North India. Methods: This study was undertaken for a period of 1 y. All the patients attending the outpatient department or admitted indoors suspected of PUO were included in the study. Serum samples of suspected cases were tested for IgM Scrub typhus. Results: During the study period, a total of 755 cases were tested for scrub typhus, out of which 223 were positive so, the seroprevlance of Scrub typhus is 29.5%. Out of 223 positive patients, 105 (47%) were males and 118 (53%) were females. Maximum no. of patients was from age group 21 to 40 y of age and maximum number of cases is in autumn season. Most common clinical feature is fever, followed by myalgia, headache, ocular pain, dyspnoea, cough and eschar, respectively. Conclusion: Scrub typhus is an emerging tropical rickettsial disease in the Indian subcontinent. The present study highlights the importance of screening of PUO cases for Scrub typhus as timely institution of simple empirical treatment can prove to be lifesaving in such cases.
{"title":"SEROPREVALENCE AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF SCRUB TYPHUS AMONG FEBRILE PATIENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL","authors":"Ahuti Pandya, Preeti Meena, KULDEEP JAREDA","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4082","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Rickettsial infections is the most neglected and underdiagnosed tropical diseases in developing countries. The most common rickettsial disease, which is caused by the obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria Orientia tsutsugamushi, is Scrub Typhus. Scrub typhus can prove to an important diagnosis in pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) patients and is transmitted by a species of trombiculid mites (“chiggers”). Aim of this study is to find seroprevalence and clinical features of scrub typhus among febrile patients from a tertiary care hospital in North India. \u0000Methods: This study was undertaken for a period of 1 y. All the patients attending the outpatient department or admitted indoors suspected of PUO were included in the study. Serum samples of suspected cases were tested for IgM Scrub typhus. \u0000Results: During the study period, a total of 755 cases were tested for scrub typhus, out of which 223 were positive so, the seroprevlance of Scrub typhus is 29.5%. Out of 223 positive patients, 105 (47%) were males and 118 (53%) were females. Maximum no. of patients was from age group 21 to 40 y of age and maximum number of cases is in autumn season. Most common clinical feature is fever, followed by myalgia, headache, ocular pain, dyspnoea, cough and eschar, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Scrub typhus is an emerging tropical rickettsial disease in the Indian subcontinent. The present study highlights the importance of screening of PUO cases for Scrub typhus as timely institution of simple empirical treatment can prove to be lifesaving in such cases.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"119 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4068
AJIT SINGH, Amit Agrawal, Aman Arora
Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting millions globally and presenting considerable challenges to healthcare systems. While clinical aspects of DFUs are well-documented, socioeconomic factors and healthcare access play crucial roles in their management and outcomes. This study investigates how socioeconomic status (SES), healthcare accessibility, and patient education influence DFU prevention, treatment, and prognosis. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 13 mo at the Department of General Surgery, Command Hospital (Western Command), Chandimandir. Fifty patients with DFUs were enrolled based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected on demographic details, lifestyle habits, comorbidities, and specifics of diabetes and DFU. Ulcer characteristics, wound cultures, and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: The study population had a mean age of 60.10 y, with a predominance of males (78%). Smoking and obesity emerged as significant risk factors, with smoking more prevalent among males and obesity more common in females. The distribution of ulcer locations and the microbial profile, dominated by Staphylococcus aureus, underline the complexity of DFU management. These findings highlight the influence of socioeconomic factors and healthcare access on DFU outcomes. Conclusion: Effective DFU management requires a holistic approach that extends beyond clinical treatment to address socioeconomic factors and healthcare access. Tailored interventions that consider these broader determinants of health are essential for improving DFU outcomes and patient quality of life. Addressing healthcare disparities can significantly reduce the burden of DFUs, creating a more equitable and effective framework for diabetes care.
{"title":"SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS AND HEALTHCARE ACCESS: THEIR ROLE IN THE MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS","authors":"AJIT SINGH, Amit Agrawal, Aman Arora","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4068","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a significant complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting millions globally and presenting considerable challenges to healthcare systems. While clinical aspects of DFUs are well-documented, socioeconomic factors and healthcare access play crucial roles in their management and outcomes. This study investigates how socioeconomic status (SES), healthcare accessibility, and patient education influence DFU prevention, treatment, and prognosis. \u0000Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 13 mo at the Department of General Surgery, Command Hospital (Western Command), Chandimandir. Fifty patients with DFUs were enrolled based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected on demographic details, lifestyle habits, comorbidities, and specifics of diabetes and DFU. Ulcer characteristics, wound cultures, and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. \u0000Results: The study population had a mean age of 60.10 y, with a predominance of males (78%). Smoking and obesity emerged as significant risk factors, with smoking more prevalent among males and obesity more common in females. The distribution of ulcer locations and the microbial profile, dominated by Staphylococcus aureus, underline the complexity of DFU management. These findings highlight the influence of socioeconomic factors and healthcare access on DFU outcomes. \u0000Conclusion: Effective DFU management requires a holistic approach that extends beyond clinical treatment to address socioeconomic factors and healthcare access. Tailored interventions that consider these broader determinants of health are essential for improving DFU outcomes and patient quality of life. Addressing healthcare disparities can significantly reduce the burden of DFUs, creating a more equitable and effective framework for diabetes care.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"18 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4081
Pooja Pahadiya, Sunil Choudhary, Alankrita Madhur
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of image-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) in diagnosing intra-abdominopelvic lesions, emphasizing the synergy between minimal invasiveness and high diagnostic accuracy. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 200 cases where image-guided FNA was employed for intra-abdominopelvic lesions was conducted. The procedures were performed under USG or CT guidance, with needle placement and specimen adequacy closely monitored. Cytological findings were processed and classified according to the latest WHO guidelines, with diagnostic accuracy assessed through comparison with subsequent histopathological findings where available. Results: The study found that liver, ovaries, and pancreas were the most common sites of lesion, comprising 25%, 20%, and 15% of cases, respectively. Cytological analysis revealed that 60% of lesions were benign, 20% malignant, with the remaining 20% classified as non-diagnostic or suspicious. Radiological findings were crucial in guiding FNA, with solid masses accounting for 50% of cases. An impressive concordance rate of 87.85% between cytological and histopathological diagnoses highlighted FNA's reliability. Conclusion: Image-guided FNA proves to be a minimally invasive, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for intra-abdominopelvic lesions, with significant implications for patient management and care. The high concordance rate with histopathological findings underscores its diagnostic reliability, advocating for its continued development and integration into clinical practice.
{"title":"THE DIAGNOSIS OF INTRA-ABDOMINOPELVIC LESIONS USING IMAGE-GUIDED FINE NEEDLE APRYLATION CYTOLOGY","authors":"Pooja Pahadiya, Sunil Choudhary, Alankrita Madhur","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4081","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of image-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNA) in diagnosing intra-abdominopelvic lesions, emphasizing the synergy between minimal invasiveness and high diagnostic accuracy. \u0000Methods: A retrospective analysis of 200 cases where image-guided FNA was employed for intra-abdominopelvic lesions was conducted. The procedures were performed under USG or CT guidance, with needle placement and specimen adequacy closely monitored. Cytological findings were processed and classified according to the latest WHO guidelines, with diagnostic accuracy assessed through comparison with subsequent histopathological findings where available. \u0000Results: The study found that liver, ovaries, and pancreas were the most common sites of lesion, comprising 25%, 20%, and 15% of cases, respectively. Cytological analysis revealed that 60% of lesions were benign, 20% malignant, with the remaining 20% classified as non-diagnostic or suspicious. Radiological findings were crucial in guiding FNA, with solid masses accounting for 50% of cases. An impressive concordance rate of 87.85% between cytological and histopathological diagnoses highlighted FNA's reliability. \u0000Conclusion: Image-guided FNA proves to be a minimally invasive, accurate, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for intra-abdominopelvic lesions, with significant implications for patient management and care. The high concordance rate with histopathological findings underscores its diagnostic reliability, advocating for its continued development and integration into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"25 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4083
M. T. S. Priya, S. S. Sonia, Padma Sravani Sagi
Objective: Musculoskeletal pain is a significant health problem in adolescents and challenging condition for clinicians and physicians. Acute musculoskeletal pain is sudden and severe which lasts less than 12 w. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy safety of oral analgesics in the management of the condition. Methods: A Prospective study on oral analgesics prescribed routinely for this pain was conducted among 100 patients who attended OPD, at Area Hospital, Dharmavaram. 25 patients were included in each group; group a were given tramadol 100 mgOD, group B-paracetmol 500 mgBD, Group C-ibuprofen 200 mgBD and group D-dicolfenac 50 mgBD. The severity of pain assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). The data was analysed by using SPSS-21version. Results: Number of subjects included in the analysis 100 who were divided equally into 4 groups. The improvement in pain relief as follows-Group a given tramadol 100 mg showed pain relief of 80%VAS and 84%VRS. Group b given paracetmol 500 mgBD-40% by VAS and VRS. Group c given ibuprofen 200 mgBD showed 60% by VAS and 68% by VRS. GROUP D given diclofenac 50 mgBD showed better improvement of pain relief i. e 88% by VAS and 96% by VRS, yet the p-value is 0.001, showing difference statistically significant. Conclusion: Among all 4 groups, Tramadol and Diclofenac showed better response (80% and 84%;88 and 96% respectively). Diclofenac is non-opioid. Hence, considering safety and improvement in pain relief in acute musculoskeletal Pain, Oral Diclofenac is preferred analgesic of choice over oral tramadol, an opioid with an adverse drug reaction profile that includes rising BP, causing seizure and addiction liability.
{"title":"A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ORAL ANALGESICS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN","authors":"M. T. S. Priya, S. S. Sonia, Padma Sravani Sagi","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4083","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Musculoskeletal pain is a significant health problem in adolescents and challenging condition for clinicians and physicians. Acute musculoskeletal pain is sudden and severe which lasts less than 12 w. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy safety of oral analgesics in the management of the condition. \u0000Methods: A Prospective study on oral analgesics prescribed routinely for this pain was conducted among 100 patients who attended OPD, at Area Hospital, Dharmavaram. 25 patients were included in each group; group a were given tramadol 100 mgOD, group B-paracetmol 500 mgBD, Group C-ibuprofen 200 mgBD and group D-dicolfenac 50 mgBD. The severity of pain assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS). The data was analysed by using SPSS-21version. \u0000Results: Number of subjects included in the analysis 100 who were divided equally into 4 groups. The improvement in pain relief as follows-Group a given tramadol 100 mg showed pain relief of 80%VAS and 84%VRS. Group b given paracetmol 500 mgBD-40% by VAS and VRS. Group c given ibuprofen 200 mgBD showed 60% by VAS and 68% by VRS. GROUP D given diclofenac 50 mgBD showed better improvement of pain relief i. e 88% by VAS and 96% by VRS, yet the p-value is 0.001, showing difference statistically significant. \u0000Conclusion: Among all 4 groups, Tramadol and Diclofenac showed better response (80% and 84%;88 and 96% respectively). Diclofenac is non-opioid. Hence, considering safety and improvement in pain relief in acute musculoskeletal Pain, Oral Diclofenac is preferred analgesic of choice over oral tramadol, an opioid with an adverse drug reaction profile that includes rising BP, causing seizure and addiction liability.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"143 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140976414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4010
Priyanka Bansod, Anand Raj Kalla, Mahaveer Choyal, Amrit Raj Kalla
Objective: To determine the pre-analytic factor which lead to autolysis in tissue sample thus hindering the establishment of histo-pathological cause of death in some autopsy tissue samples. Methods: Data collected from April, 2017 to September, 2018 (18 mo) at Department of Pathology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur. Results: The study, conducted over 18 mo from April 2017 to September 2018 at the Department of Pathology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, analyzed 637 autopsy cases. These cases were predominantly from urban areas (70.17%), with a lesser number from rural regions (29.83%). A total of 698 tissue samples were received in various containers, with the majority (95.71%) preserved in formalin. The examination revealed that 38.4% of the samples were not autolysed, 36.1% were partially autolysed, and 25.5% were completely autolysed. The findings highlight a significant impact of the pre-analytic phase on tissue sample quality, notably the interval between death and autopsy, which was less than 24 h in 86.19% of cases, and the time from autopsy to histopathological examination, which ranged up to 1044 d. These factors were pivotal in the preservation status of the tissues, with formalin proving to be the most effective fixative in preventing autolysis, thus facilitating the accurate establishment of histopathological causes of death. Conclusion: If autopsy specimens are submitted for histopathological examination with proper protocol of transfer to fixative solution and transportation of tissue, this will help in determining the cause of death in majority of the autopsy specimens, therefore avoiding false negative results.
目的确定导致组织样本自溶从而阻碍某些尸检组织样本组织病理学死因确定的分析前因素。研究方法从 2017 年 4 月至 2018 年 9 月（18 个月）在焦特布尔 S. N. 博士医学院病理学系收集的数据。结果：该研究于 2017 年 4 月至 2018 年 9 月在焦特布尔 S. N. 博士医学院病理学系进行，历时 18 个月，分析了 637 例尸检病例。这些病例主要来自城市地区（70.17%），来自农村地区的病例较少（29.83%）。共收到 698 份装在不同容器中的组织样本，其中大部分（95.71%）保存在福尔马林中。检查结果显示，38.4%的样本未经自溶，36.1%的样本部分自溶，25.5%的样本完全自溶。这些因素对组织的保存状态至关重要，福尔马林被证明是防止自溶的最有效固定剂，从而有助于准确确定组织病理学死亡原因。结论如果尸体解剖标本在提交组织病理学检查时采用了正确的转移到固定液和运输组织的方案，这将有助于确定大多数尸体解剖标本的死因，从而避免出现假阴性结果。
{"title":"PITFALLS IN AUTOPSY TISSUE SAMPLING","authors":"Priyanka Bansod, Anand Raj Kalla, Mahaveer Choyal, Amrit Raj Kalla","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the pre-analytic factor which lead to autolysis in tissue sample thus hindering the establishment of histo-pathological cause of death in some autopsy tissue samples. \u0000Methods: Data collected from April, 2017 to September, 2018 (18 mo) at Department of Pathology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur. \u0000Results: The study, conducted over 18 mo from April 2017 to September 2018 at the Department of Pathology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, analyzed 637 autopsy cases. These cases were predominantly from urban areas (70.17%), with a lesser number from rural regions (29.83%). A total of 698 tissue samples were received in various containers, with the majority (95.71%) preserved in formalin. The examination revealed that 38.4% of the samples were not autolysed, 36.1% were partially autolysed, and 25.5% were completely autolysed. The findings highlight a significant impact of the pre-analytic phase on tissue sample quality, notably the interval between death and autopsy, which was less than 24 h in 86.19% of cases, and the time from autopsy to histopathological examination, which ranged up to 1044 d. These factors were pivotal in the preservation status of the tissues, with formalin proving to be the most effective fixative in preventing autolysis, thus facilitating the accurate establishment of histopathological causes of death. \u0000Conclusion: If autopsy specimens are submitted for histopathological examination with proper protocol of transfer to fixative solution and transportation of tissue, this will help in determining the cause of death in majority of the autopsy specimens, therefore avoiding false negative results.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"127 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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