Objective: The current study aimed to develop a simple, sensitive, and precise high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for estimating cyclophosphamide and its related substances, as well as to implement the developed method in a capsule product. Methods: Method development was performed using various solvent and buffer-solvent ratios at different flow rates for better resolution and to decrease the run time. The developed method was validated in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. The developed method was implemented to estimate the amount of cyclophosphamide and its related substances. Results: Chromatographical conditions were optimised, and the best chromatographical conditions with adequate resolution for cyclophosphamide and its related substances were achieved using the enable X-Bridge C18 column, using a mobile phase combination of phosphate buffer pH 7.0, water, methanol, and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The detection was monitored at a wavelength of 200 nm. The developed method was validated for system suitability, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The results indicate that the method was sensitive and could detect and quantify lower levels of cyclophosphamide and its related substances. The linearity range was from LOQ to 150 %, and a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9987 to 0.9999 indicates that at this concentration range, substances were highly linear. This was further supported by satisfactory forced degradation studies. Conclusion: The developed analytical method is simple, precise, and reproducible and thus can be used for the stability-indicating analysis of cyclophosphamide and its related substances in pharmaceutical formulations.
{"title":"STABILITY BASED HPLC METHOD FOR CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE RELATED SUBSTANCES IN FINISHED DRUG PRODUCTS: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION","authors":"HARIBABU JOTHULA, SRINIVASU NAVULURI, NAVEEN REDDY MULAKAYALA","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4061","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The current study aimed to develop a simple, sensitive, and precise high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for estimating cyclophosphamide and its related substances, as well as to implement the developed method in a capsule product. \u0000Methods: Method development was performed using various solvent and buffer-solvent ratios at different flow rates for better resolution and to decrease the run time. The developed method was validated in accordance with the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines. The developed method was implemented to estimate the amount of cyclophosphamide and its related substances. \u0000Results: Chromatographical conditions were optimised, and the best chromatographical conditions with adequate resolution for cyclophosphamide and its related substances were achieved using the enable X-Bridge C18 column, using a mobile phase combination of phosphate buffer pH 7.0, water, methanol, and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. The detection was monitored at a wavelength of 200 nm. The developed method was validated for system suitability, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The results indicate that the method was sensitive and could detect and quantify lower levels of cyclophosphamide and its related substances. The linearity range was from LOQ to 150 %, and a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.9987 to 0.9999 indicates that at this concentration range, substances were highly linear. This was further supported by satisfactory forced degradation studies. \u0000Conclusion: The developed analytical method is simple, precise, and reproducible and thus can be used for the stability-indicating analysis of cyclophosphamide and its related substances in pharmaceutical formulations.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"134 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4089
Kalapala Ramesh, Bandrapalli Emeema, K. I. Priyadarshini, Chandrasekhar Vallepalli, Madhulika Yeluru
Objective: Present study was performed to compare the effectiveness of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride and 0.5% levobupivacaine for scalp block on the haemodynamic response, efficacy and additional analgesic requirement of these drugs in the post operative period during Mayfield insertion for craniotomy. Methods: 60 patients of American society of anaesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ and Ⅱ who underwent elective craniotomies were randomly divided into two groups Group B (n=30) who received scalp block with 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride 25 ml, Group L (n=30) received 25 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine 5 min prior to Mayfield insertion. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse rate, pain score (VAS score), additional intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirement were recorded at different time points. Results: Pulse rate, mean arterial pressure were stable during and after Mayfield insertion in both groups at all time points. Conclusion: Both bupivacaine and levobupivacaine for scalp block are equally effective in attenuating haemoynamic responses during Mayfield insertion. Levobupivacaine being less toxic can be a safe alternative for scalp block.
{"title":"A CLINICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SCALP BLOCK WITH 0.5% BUPIVACAINE VERSUS LEVOBUPIVACAINE 0.5% FOR MAYFIELD INSERTION ON HAEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE AND EFFICACIES OF POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA","authors":"Kalapala Ramesh, Bandrapalli Emeema, K. I. Priyadarshini, Chandrasekhar Vallepalli, Madhulika Yeluru","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4089","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Present study was performed to compare the effectiveness of 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride and 0.5% levobupivacaine for scalp block on the haemodynamic response, efficacy and additional analgesic requirement of these drugs in the post operative period during Mayfield insertion for craniotomy. \u0000Methods: 60 patients of American society of anaesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ and Ⅱ who underwent elective craniotomies were randomly divided into two groups Group B (n=30) who received scalp block with 0.5% bupivacaine hydrochloride 25 ml, Group L (n=30) received 25 ml of 0.5% levobupivacaine 5 min prior to Mayfield insertion. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse rate, pain score (VAS score), additional intraoperative and postoperative analgesic requirement were recorded at different time points. \u0000Results: Pulse rate, mean arterial pressure were stable during and after Mayfield insertion in both groups at all time points. \u0000Conclusion: Both bupivacaine and levobupivacaine for scalp block are equally effective in attenuating haemoynamic responses during Mayfield insertion. Levobupivacaine being less toxic can be a safe alternative for scalp block.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"114 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.5007
Aditi Bhandari
Objective: Medical devices have become an indispensable part of the healthcare system in recent times. A major shift towards increasing demand and supply of devices has led to an increase in the number of adverse effects being reported from across the world. “Materiovigilance” (MV) is the coordinated system of identification, collection, reporting, and analysis of any untoward occurrences associated with the use of medical devices and protection of a patient's health by preventing its recurrences. Post-Graduate medical students play a key role in reporting and management of any adverse events associated with medical devices in patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Materiovigilance among the residents. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among the Post graduate students of a tertiary care government institute of Southern Rajasthan. A pre-validated questionnaire comprising of 18 questions pertaining to knowledge, attitude, and practice of Materiovigilance was used. Results: Out of 110 participants ongoing programme 73.6% knew about an ongoing programme on Materiovigilance, 29.6% have been trained about MV while 70% consider reporting its ADR necessary, while 6.6% have reported ADRs caused by devices in their department. Conclusion: A large section of PG students was aware of the term “Materiovigilance,” but they need to be provided with more knowledge about the concept and its reporting. The attitude is positive but regular practice of reporting needs to be developed. Educational interventional programmes are required to promote Materiovigilance and ADR reporting due to medical devices in day-to-day practice.
{"title":"KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF MATERIOVIGILANCE AMONG MEDICAL POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS","authors":"Aditi Bhandari","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.5007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.5007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Medical devices have become an indispensable part of the healthcare system in recent times. A major shift towards increasing demand and supply of devices has led to an increase in the number of adverse effects being reported from across the world. “Materiovigilance” (MV) is the coordinated system of identification, collection, reporting, and analysis of any untoward occurrences associated with the use of medical devices and protection of a patient's health by preventing its recurrences. Post-Graduate medical students play a key role in reporting and management of any adverse events associated with medical devices in patients. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding Materiovigilance among the residents.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among the Post graduate students of a tertiary care government institute of Southern Rajasthan. A pre-validated questionnaire comprising of 18 questions pertaining to knowledge, attitude, and practice of Materiovigilance was used.\u0000Results: Out of 110 participants ongoing programme 73.6% knew about an ongoing programme on Materiovigilance, 29.6% have been trained about MV while 70% consider reporting its ADR necessary, while 6.6% have reported ADRs caused by devices in their department.\u0000Conclusion: A large section of PG students was aware of the term “Materiovigilance,” but they need to be provided with more knowledge about the concept and its reporting. The attitude is positive but regular practice of reporting needs to be developed. Educational interventional programmes are required to promote Materiovigilance and ADR reporting due to medical devices in day-to-day practice.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"30 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To observe safety and efficacy of Segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia (STSA) in upper abdominal and breast surgeries. Methods: 14 cases were selected, out of which 6 laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), 4 open cholecystectomy (OC), 3 emergency exploratory laparotomy and 1 simple mastectomy. Under full aseptic precaution, segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia was administered through midline approach in T8-9 space for upper abdominal surgeries and T5-6 space in a simple mastectomy. Using 25G Quincke spinal needle 1.5 ml [7.5 mg] of 0.5% Isobaric Levobupivacaine mixed with 0.4 ml (20µg) Fentanyl was given in abdominal surgeries and 1.2 ml [6 mg] of 0.5% Isobaric Levobupivacaine mixed with 0.4 ml (20µg) Fentanyl in simple mastectomy. Results: Age group of patients ranged from 25 to 65 y, Male: Female ratio of 4:10, Body Mass Index (BMI) range of 22 to 24.9 with physiological status of ASA I to ASA III. Hemodynamically, hypotension was observed in every patient after 5-10 min of STSA well managed with fluid and vasopressors with no bradycardia. Average width of sensory block was T3 to L1-2 in upper abdominal surgeries and T1 to T8 in a simple mastectomy. Motor block was Modified Bromage Scale (MBS) of 0 to 1 during and postoperatively. Regarding analgesia, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was 0 intraoperatively and 0-1 postoperatively. Sedation score was 2 both intraoperatively and postoperatively with no significant complications and good patient and surgeon satisfaction. Conclusion: Segmental thoracic spinal anaesthesia is a safe and effective procedure with good patient and surgeon satisfaction.
{"title":"THORACIC SEGMENTAL SPINAL ANAESTHESIA IN UPPER ABDOMINAL SURGERIES AND SIMPLE MASTECTOMY-A CASE SERIES","authors":"Madhuchanda Borah, Kaveri Das, Bijoy Ahir, ANJALI VERMA, Pydimalla Venkata Gowtham, Karuna Kumar Das, Pritanu Deb Baruah","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4088","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To observe safety and efficacy of Segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia (STSA) in upper abdominal and breast surgeries. \u0000Methods: 14 cases were selected, out of which 6 laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), 4 open cholecystectomy (OC), 3 emergency exploratory laparotomy and 1 simple mastectomy. Under full aseptic precaution, segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia was administered through midline approach in T8-9 space for upper abdominal surgeries and T5-6 space in a simple mastectomy. Using 25G Quincke spinal needle 1.5 ml [7.5 mg] of 0.5% Isobaric Levobupivacaine mixed with 0.4 ml (20µg) Fentanyl was given in abdominal surgeries and 1.2 ml [6 mg] of 0.5% Isobaric Levobupivacaine mixed with 0.4 ml (20µg) Fentanyl in simple mastectomy. \u0000Results: Age group of patients ranged from 25 to 65 y, Male: Female ratio of 4:10, Body Mass Index (BMI) range of 22 to 24.9 with physiological status of ASA I to ASA III. Hemodynamically, hypotension was observed in every patient after 5-10 min of STSA well managed with fluid and vasopressors with no bradycardia. Average width of sensory block was T3 to L1-2 in upper abdominal surgeries and T1 to T8 in a simple mastectomy. Motor block was Modified Bromage Scale (MBS) of 0 to 1 during and postoperatively. Regarding analgesia, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was 0 intraoperatively and 0-1 postoperatively. Sedation score was 2 both intraoperatively and postoperatively with no significant complications and good patient and surgeon satisfaction. \u0000Conclusion: Segmental thoracic spinal anaesthesia is a safe and effective procedure with good patient and surgeon satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"60 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140973574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4070
PRASANNA LAKSHMI KAKARLA, PEDAPATIKASTURI, NELLORE SRIVANI, P. P. Babu
Objective: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) leads to increased morbidity and mortality. WHO identified AMR as great threat to human health. India with highest bacterial disease burden in the world has rampant antibiotic usage. Natural phenomenon AMR is accelerated by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. The responsibility of proper usage lies with both the prescribers and general public. Ecological, epidemiological, cultural and socioeconomic factors influence AMR. This study aims to enhance understanding of current public awareness and common behaviors related to antimicrobials, their use and AMR. Methods: Descriptive closed-questionnaire-based face-to-face survey was conducted between January to March 2022 among 400 attendants of patients visiting the tertiary care hospital at Tirupati, Chittoor District. Residents aged>18 y were included; health care providers excluded. Data was collected using WHO questionnaire consisting of two parts. Results: There is widespread antibiotic usage-70% of participants used at least once in past 6 mo. Many respondents were mistaken that head ache (42%) and cold (38%) require antibiotics. Only 66% of respondents knew to take full course of antibiotics. 26% of respondents never heard of antibiotic resistance terminology. 51% of participants had no idea that antibiotic-resistant bacteria can spread among persons. All the respondents agreed that regular hand washing is helpful. Conclusion: Huge knowledge gaps were found along with various misconceptions and misunderstandings in the public. It is imperative to address these gaps as soon as possible to save the potency of available antibiotics. Reasons for misconceptions and ways to dispel them need further studies.
{"title":"ANTIMICROBIAL USE AND RESISTANCE: SURVEY OF KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF GENERAL PUBLIC IN CHITTOOR DISTRICT","authors":"PRASANNA LAKSHMI KAKARLA, PEDAPATIKASTURI, NELLORE SRIVANI, P. P. Babu","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4070","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) leads to increased morbidity and mortality. WHO identified AMR as great threat to human health. India with highest bacterial disease burden in the world has rampant antibiotic usage. Natural phenomenon AMR is accelerated by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics. The responsibility of proper usage lies with both the prescribers and general public. Ecological, epidemiological, cultural and socioeconomic factors influence AMR. This study aims to enhance understanding of current public awareness and common behaviors related to antimicrobials, their use and AMR. \u0000Methods: Descriptive closed-questionnaire-based face-to-face survey was conducted between January to March 2022 among 400 attendants of patients visiting the tertiary care hospital at Tirupati, Chittoor District. Residents aged>18 y were included; health care providers excluded. Data was collected using WHO questionnaire consisting of two parts. \u0000Results: There is widespread antibiotic usage-70% of participants used at least once in past 6 mo. Many respondents were mistaken that head ache (42%) and cold (38%) require antibiotics. Only 66% of respondents knew to take full course of antibiotics. 26% of respondents never heard of antibiotic resistance terminology. 51% of participants had no idea that antibiotic-resistant bacteria can spread among persons. All the respondents agreed that regular hand washing is helpful. \u0000Conclusion: Huge knowledge gaps were found along with various misconceptions and misunderstandings in the public. It is imperative to address these gaps as soon as possible to save the potency of available antibiotics. Reasons for misconceptions and ways to dispel them need further studies.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"36 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4073
Archana Tiwari, Avinash Tiwari
Objective: Plant-derived steroids and triterpenes have been recognized for a number of health benefits. As indicated in previous research, some of the phytosterols are essential dietary substances. This study was aimed at investigating the presence or absence of these phytochemicals in various test bark extracts from Acacia catechu plant samples. Methods: For this study, thirty samples of test plants were gathered in various seasons from the research location. Six different solvents were then prepared for each sample. Then the qualitative tests of the studied parameters were done using various standardized methods. Additionally, bibliographic analysis was done to validate and co-relate the present study with earlier findings. Results: Results showed the presence of test parameters in all solvent systems except aqueous extracts, though the colour intensity (quantity) was different in all other extracts. Based on the dark-colored reaction mixture, it can be claimed that the steroid and triterpene content was relatively higher in methanolic and ethanolic extracts. The comparative bibliographic study was also validating the beneficial applications of the same. Conclusion: Possibly, this preliminary study helped to find out the medicinal significance of native flora of Guna district and also serve as the base for further investigations.
{"title":"STEROIDS AND TRITERPENOIDS IN ACACIA CATECHU BARK EXTRACTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS","authors":"Archana Tiwari, Avinash Tiwari","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4073","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Plant-derived steroids and triterpenes have been recognized for a number of health benefits. As indicated in previous research, some of the phytosterols are essential dietary substances. This study was aimed at investigating the presence or absence of these phytochemicals in various test bark extracts from Acacia catechu plant samples. \u0000Methods: For this study, thirty samples of test plants were gathered in various seasons from the research location. Six different solvents were then prepared for each sample. Then the qualitative tests of the studied parameters were done using various standardized methods. Additionally, bibliographic analysis was done to validate and co-relate the present study with earlier findings. \u0000Results: Results showed the presence of test parameters in all solvent systems except aqueous extracts, though the colour intensity (quantity) was different in all other extracts. Based on the dark-colored reaction mixture, it can be claimed that the steroid and triterpene content was relatively higher in methanolic and ethanolic extracts. The comparative bibliographic study was also validating the beneficial applications of the same. \u0000Conclusion: Possibly, this preliminary study helped to find out the medicinal significance of native flora of Guna district and also serve as the base for further investigations.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"128 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140977435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4087
Prashant Purohit, M. Kataria
Objective: The objective of the present study aimed at investigating the phytochemical antioxidant and anti-microbial properties of Carica papaya leaf extracts. Methods: As phytochemicals are biologically active compounds and a powerful group of plant chemicals believed to stimulate the immune system along with antioxidants, the molecules which hinder oxidation of other molecules by the process of inhibiting or by generating the oxidizing chain reactions and preventing diseases. The anti-microbial activity on various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were determined using zone of inhibition and antioxidant by the 2,2,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Results: Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial potential were determined using different aqueous and organic solvents in addition to the determination of trace element in leaves of C. papaya. Antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical scavenging assay indicated leaves extracts leaves showed inhibition of per oxidation. The result showed that the ethanolic extract of C. papaya possessed a significant antioxidant activity as compared to methanol and aqueous extract. The antibacterial study showed leaves extract is the best to cope infectious action of bacteria. Conclusion: This study was conducted to test the medicinal profile of C. papaya by extracting secondary metabolites with organic and aqueous solvents. Ethanol was found to be the best solvents of choice to extract natural products to get maximum medicinal benefits and could be used to medicinal formulation against different infectious diseases.
{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICALS SCREENING, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAF EXTRACTS","authors":"Prashant Purohit, M. Kataria","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4087","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of the present study aimed at investigating the phytochemical antioxidant and anti-microbial properties of Carica papaya leaf extracts. \u0000Methods: As phytochemicals are biologically active compounds and a powerful group of plant chemicals believed to stimulate the immune system along with antioxidants, the molecules which hinder oxidation of other molecules by the process of inhibiting or by generating the oxidizing chain reactions and preventing diseases. The anti-microbial activity on various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were determined using zone of inhibition and antioxidant by the 2,2,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. \u0000Results: Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial potential were determined using different aqueous and organic solvents in addition to the determination of trace element in leaves of C. papaya. Antioxidant activity using DPPH free radical scavenging assay indicated leaves extracts leaves showed inhibition of per oxidation. The result showed that the ethanolic extract of C. papaya possessed a significant antioxidant activity as compared to methanol and aqueous extract. The antibacterial study showed leaves extract is the best to cope infectious action of bacteria. \u0000Conclusion: This study was conducted to test the medicinal profile of C. papaya by extracting secondary metabolites with organic and aqueous solvents. Ethanol was found to be the best solvents of choice to extract natural products to get maximum medicinal benefits and could be used to medicinal formulation against different infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"118 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140978058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The process of intubation is a noxious stimuli leading to a period of hemodynamic stress and is accompanied with intense sympathetic activity marked by tachycardia, hypertension and arrythmias. Methods: It was a randomised, prospective, double-blind study. After approval from the ethics committee 60 patients (ASA class 1 and II) were selected randomly, thirty in each group. Group A (n=30) received 0.5 µg/kg of inj. Dexmedetomidine and Group B received 0.75µg/kg of inj. Dexmedetomidine in 20 ml of normal saline as an infusion over 10 min. The patient was induced with inj Fentanyl 1µg/kg, inj. Propofol and inj. Succinylcholine administered and intubated. The primary outcome variables were heart rate and blood pressure at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 min after intubation. The secondary outcome variables were the effect on the induction dose of propofol and any adverse effect associated with dexmedetomidine. The statistical package used was spss version 22. Results: The hemodynamic responses were attenuated in both groups after laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, with statistical significant difference between both groups and better obtundation of hemodynamic response in terms of heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure at all points of time with dexmedetomidine 0.75µg/kg. Sedation scores were more with dexmedetomidine 0.75µg/kg. No significant side effects were there in both groups. Conclusion: Inj. dexmedetomidine 0.75µg/kg is more effective in attenuating the response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.
{"title":"COMPARISON BETWEEN EFFECT OF TWO DIFFERENT DOSES OF INTRAVENOUS DEXMEDETOMIDINE IN ATTENUATING HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO LARYNGOSCOPY AND ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION IN ELECTIVE GENERAL SURGERIES UNDER GENERAL ANAESTHESIA","authors":"JYOTI KABARA, Shriphal Meena, Priyanka Jain, VAIBHAV GAGRANI","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4066","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The process of intubation is a noxious stimuli leading to a period of hemodynamic stress and is accompanied with intense sympathetic activity marked by tachycardia, hypertension and arrythmias. \u0000Methods: It was a randomised, prospective, double-blind study. After approval from the ethics committee 60 patients (ASA class 1 and II) were selected randomly, thirty in each group. Group A (n=30) received 0.5 µg/kg of inj. Dexmedetomidine and Group B received 0.75µg/kg of inj. Dexmedetomidine in 20 ml of normal saline as an infusion over 10 min. The patient was induced with inj Fentanyl 1µg/kg, inj. Propofol and inj. Succinylcholine administered and intubated. The primary outcome variables were heart rate and blood pressure at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 min after intubation. The secondary outcome variables were the effect on the induction dose of propofol and any adverse effect associated with dexmedetomidine. The statistical package used was spss version 22. \u0000Results: The hemodynamic responses were attenuated in both groups after laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation, with statistical significant difference between both groups and better obtundation of hemodynamic response in terms of heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure at all points of time with dexmedetomidine 0.75µg/kg. Sedation scores were more with dexmedetomidine 0.75µg/kg. No significant side effects were there in both groups. \u0000Conclusion: Inj. dexmedetomidine 0.75µg/kg is more effective in attenuating the response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"38 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140974192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4055
Abdul Haseeb, Sharanabasappa, Hareesh
Objective: Dengue fever poses a significant challenge to global health, particularly affecting children in endemic regions. The diverse clinical presentations, ranging from mild to severe forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), complicate its diagnosis and management in pediatric populations. Understanding the clinical nuances is crucial, given the substantial global burden of dengue. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Yashoda Super Specialty Hospital, aimed to investigate the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of dengue fever in pediatric patients aged 6 mo to 16 y. Data collection involved demographic details, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and treatment administered. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 19.0. Results: Among the 100 enrolled pediatric patients, high fever (100%), headache (75%), myalgia (70%), rash (65%), and hemorrhagic manifestations (40%) were prevalent clinical features. Laboratory findings revealed thrombocytopenia in 60% of cases and elevated liver enzymes in 30%. Correlation analyses identified associations between specific symptoms and diagnostic findings, aiding in the recognition of severe cases such as DSS. Conclusion: The study highlights the diverse clinical spectrum of pediatric dengue, emphasizing the importance of vigilant clinical assessment and laboratory testing for timely diagnosis and management. These insights are essential for optimizing patient care and outcomes, particularly in endemic regions.
{"title":"CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS","authors":"Abdul Haseeb, Sharanabasappa, Hareesh","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4055","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Dengue fever poses a significant challenge to global health, particularly affecting children in endemic regions. The diverse clinical presentations, ranging from mild to severe forms such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS), complicate its diagnosis and management in pediatric populations. Understanding the clinical nuances is crucial, given the substantial global burden of dengue. \u0000Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics, Yashoda Super Specialty Hospital, aimed to investigate the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of dengue fever in pediatric patients aged 6 mo to 16 y. Data collection involved demographic details, clinical presentations, laboratory findings, and treatment administered. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 19.0. \u0000Results: Among the 100 enrolled pediatric patients, high fever (100%), headache (75%), myalgia (70%), rash (65%), and hemorrhagic manifestations (40%) were prevalent clinical features. Laboratory findings revealed thrombocytopenia in 60% of cases and elevated liver enzymes in 30%. Correlation analyses identified associations between specific symptoms and diagnostic findings, aiding in the recognition of severe cases such as DSS. \u0000Conclusion: The study highlights the diverse clinical spectrum of pediatric dengue, emphasizing the importance of vigilant clinical assessment and laboratory testing for timely diagnosis and management. These insights are essential for optimizing patient care and outcomes, particularly in endemic regions.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"60 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140972198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-15DOI: 10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4056
Abdul Haseeb, Hareesh, Sharanabasappa
Objective: Dengue fever, once seen as a classical febrile illness, has transformed into a global concern with the emergence of Expanded Dengue Syndrome (EDS). EDS is characterized by atypical and severe manifestations affecting multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system, liver, heart, and kidneys. This syndrome challenges the traditional understanding of dengue and necessitates heightened clinical awareness, timely intervention, and comprehensive research. Co-infections further complicate the clinical landscape, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Yashoda Super Specialty Hospital, Malakpet, Hyderabad, from January 2018 to January 2021. The study aimed to identify and analyze atypical presentations of dengue fever in patients of all age groups. Inclusion criteria involved laboratory-confirmed dengue cases with atypical manifestations indicative of EDS. Data collection included comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and radiological information. Ethical considerations and statistical analysis were conducted using SPSS software. Results: The study analyzed 150 cases of EDS, encompassing atypical manifestations such as encephalopathy, myocarditis, acute liver failure, and renal impairment. CNS involvement was the most common atypical manifestation (20%), followed by myocarditis (15%) and acute liver failure (10%). Renal impairment was observed in 5% of cases. Co-infections were identified in 25% of EDS cases, further complicating clinical management. The mortality rate among EDS patients was 5%, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and aggressive organ-specific interventions. Conclusion: Expanded Dengue Syndrome challenges the conventional perception of dengue fever, highlighting atypical manifestations and co-infections. Heightened clinical awareness, a broad differential diagnosis, and aggressive management strategies are essential for addressing the multifaceted nature of EDS. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions for this complex and evolving disease.
{"title":"EXPANDED DENGUE SYNDROME AND ATYPICAL MANIFESTATIONS","authors":"Abdul Haseeb, Hareesh, Sharanabasappa","doi":"10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2024v16i3.4056","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Dengue fever, once seen as a classical febrile illness, has transformed into a global concern with the emergence of Expanded Dengue Syndrome (EDS). EDS is characterized by atypical and severe manifestations affecting multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system, liver, heart, and kidneys. This syndrome challenges the traditional understanding of dengue and necessitates heightened clinical awareness, timely intervention, and comprehensive research. Co-infections further complicate the clinical landscape, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies. \u0000Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Yashoda Super Specialty Hospital, Malakpet, Hyderabad, from January 2018 to January 2021. The study aimed to identify and analyze atypical presentations of dengue fever in patients of all age groups. Inclusion criteria involved laboratory-confirmed dengue cases with atypical manifestations indicative of EDS. Data collection included comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and radiological information. Ethical considerations and statistical analysis were conducted using SPSS software. \u0000Results: The study analyzed 150 cases of EDS, encompassing atypical manifestations such as encephalopathy, myocarditis, acute liver failure, and renal impairment. CNS involvement was the most common atypical manifestation (20%), followed by myocarditis (15%) and acute liver failure (10%). Renal impairment was observed in 5% of cases. Co-infections were identified in 25% of EDS cases, further complicating clinical management. The mortality rate among EDS patients was 5%, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and aggressive organ-specific interventions. \u0000Conclusion: Expanded Dengue Syndrome challenges the conventional perception of dengue fever, highlighting atypical manifestations and co-infections. Heightened clinical awareness, a broad differential diagnosis, and aggressive management strategies are essential for addressing the multifaceted nature of EDS. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions for this complex and evolving disease.","PeriodicalId":13875,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research","volume":"57 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140975085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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