S. Neupane, Shikha Sharma, Sabin Sigdel, Rashila Duwal
The experiment was carried out to study the effect of different chemical treatments on the sprouting of newly harvested potato tuber at Banepa, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal. The experiment was carried out in CRD (Completely Randomized Design) in a room with seven treatments and four replications. Janakdev variety of potato was treated with seven different treatments i.e., control, cytokinin (2ml/lit, 3ml/lit), hydrogen peroxide (20mM, 40mM), and gibberellic acid (40 ppm, 50ppm). The research was conducted from March to June 2022. Different chemicals with different concentrations were used in this experiment. Tubers were soaked in treatment solution for 2 hours, allowed to dry in shade, and kept in a dark room on plastic trays. The dormancy breakage, first emergence of sprout, number of sprouts per tuber, and sprout length per tuber were recorded and analysed. Among the different chemical treatments used in the experiment, gibberellic acid 50 ppm showed the first emergence of sprout at 13.38 days compared to the control (28.28). It has decreased the dormancy period by 31.96 days compared to the control. Also, 50 ppm gibberellic acid showed the highest number of sprouts per tuber and sprout length per tuber in comparison to other treatments followed by 40 ppm gibberellic acid. In the overall result, it is found that an increase in the concentration of different treatments increases the sprout’s number and decreased the dormancy period. However, an increase in concentration increases the sprout length in GA3 but decreases the sprout length in cytokinin and hydrogen peroxide.
{"title":"Effect of pre-sowing treatment of chemicals on sprouting of newly harvested potato at Kavre, Nepal","authors":"S. Neupane, Shikha Sharma, Sabin Sigdel, Rashila Duwal","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3220","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out to study the effect of different chemical treatments on the sprouting of newly harvested potato tuber at Banepa, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal. The experiment was carried out in CRD (Completely Randomized Design) in a room with seven treatments and four replications. Janakdev variety of potato was treated with seven different treatments i.e., control, cytokinin (2ml/lit, 3ml/lit), hydrogen peroxide (20mM, 40mM), and gibberellic acid (40 ppm, 50ppm). The research was conducted from March to June 2022. Different chemicals with different concentrations were used in this experiment. Tubers were soaked in treatment solution for 2 hours, allowed to dry in shade, and kept in a dark room on plastic trays. The dormancy breakage, first emergence of sprout, number of sprouts per tuber, and sprout length per tuber were recorded and analysed. Among the different chemical treatments used in the experiment, gibberellic acid 50 ppm showed the first emergence of sprout at 13.38 days compared to the control (28.28). It has decreased the dormancy period by 31.96 days compared to the control. Also, 50 ppm gibberellic acid showed the highest number of sprouts per tuber and sprout length per tuber in comparison to other treatments followed by 40 ppm gibberellic acid. In the overall result, it is found that an increase in the concentration of different treatments increases the sprout’s number and decreased the dormancy period. However, an increase in concentration increases the sprout length in GA3 but decreases the sprout length in cytokinin and hydrogen peroxide.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83671881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Moursy, Asmaa O El-Sheikh, Bouthaina H Mahmoud, M. Abdelmageed
Evaluating the Egyptian agricultural lands in terms of their capability and suitability for cultivation with different crops is necessary to reach the best benefit. Therefore, many researchers and specialists in the field of land evaluation follow several methodologies and apply different models to reach the most accurate results. Among those used methods, mathematical and statistical models are deal with many layers of data. On the other hand, computerized and automated models developed by software packages save time, effort and deal with a huge amount of data at one time. One of the most important tools currently used in presenting the results of land evaluation is the Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. These tools deal with spatial and soil attributes in the multiple sites to be evaluated. The main advantages of these tools are that they display data over a wide geographical scale in the form of spatial distribution maps. These maps are very important for decision makers in achieving better agricultural practices and optimal utilization of land resources. With the use of these tools, future planning for reclamation and cultivation of lands becomes clear and simple, in addition to saving costs significantly.
{"title":"Geographic Information Systems for Egyptian Agricultural land evaluation","authors":"A. Moursy, Asmaa O El-Sheikh, Bouthaina H Mahmoud, M. Abdelmageed","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.321","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating the Egyptian agricultural lands in terms of their capability and suitability for cultivation with different crops is necessary to reach the best benefit. Therefore, many researchers and specialists in the field of land evaluation follow several methodologies and apply different models to reach the most accurate results. Among those used methods, mathematical and statistical models are deal with many layers of data. On the other hand, computerized and automated models developed by software packages save time, effort and deal with a huge amount of data at one time. One of the most important tools currently used in presenting the results of land evaluation is the Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. These tools deal with spatial and soil attributes in the multiple sites to be evaluated. The main advantages of these tools are that they display data over a wide geographical scale in the form of spatial distribution maps. These maps are very important for decision makers in achieving better agricultural practices and optimal utilization of land resources. With the use of these tools, future planning for reclamation and cultivation of lands becomes clear and simple, in addition to saving costs significantly.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89674047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shalini Shah, N. Gautam, B. Dhakal, J. Sah, Subhash Chandra Sharma
The Siwalik region is the area that lies between the hills in the north and Terai in the south. It provides a wide range of services and is of particular interest from a land use land cover (LULC) change perspective as it is naturally fragile and prone to degradation. The study was conducted in Madhesh Province Siwalik to assess the LULC change over three time periods and to quantify the change in ecosystem services value (ESV) due to LULC change. Remote sensing, Google Earth Engine and Arc GIS were used to prepare the land cover map. In 2000, 2010 and 2020 total area covered by the forest was 68.46%, 65.58% and 71.17%, agriculture was 16.50%, 18.21% and 16.21% and waterbodies were 4.40%, 3.89% and 3.79% respectively. From 2000-2010 forest and waterbodies decreased by 3.87%, and 0.54% respectively whereas agriculture and other land increased by 1.7% and 2.71% respectively. Similarly, from 2010 to 2020, agriculture, water bodies, and other land decreased by 1.99%, 0.10%, and 4.48% whereas forests increased by 6.58% respectively. The overall accuracy of the map is 90%, 89% and 88% for the years 2000, 2010 and 2020. The ESV was estimated using the value transfer method, which was 28 million USD/year, 26.84 million USD/year, and 28.97 million USD/year in 2000, 2010 and 2020, which showed that the total ESV has decreased by 1.16 and increased by 2.12 million USD from 2000-2020. An elasticity indicator shows 1% of land conversion in Siwalik resulted in 0.47 % and 0.21 % changes in ESVs during the two periods, respectively. Overall findings of this study, suggest that ESV has increased in the Siwalik region of Madhesh province in the last two decades, primarily due to an increase in forest cover. This increase should be taken as an opportunity to leverage policy support and programmatic implementation to increase forest cover and reduce land conversion
{"title":"Impact of Land cover Dynamics on Ecosystem services value of Siwalik range of Madhesh Province Nepal","authors":"Shalini Shah, N. Gautam, B. Dhakal, J. Sah, Subhash Chandra Sharma","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3217","url":null,"abstract":"The Siwalik region is the area that lies between the hills in the north and Terai in the south. It provides a wide range of services and is of particular interest from a land use land cover (LULC) change perspective as it is naturally fragile and prone to degradation. The study was conducted in Madhesh Province Siwalik to assess the LULC change over three time periods and to quantify the change in ecosystem services value (ESV) due to LULC change. Remote sensing, Google Earth Engine and Arc GIS were used to prepare the land cover map. In 2000, 2010 and 2020 total area covered by the forest was 68.46%, 65.58% and 71.17%, agriculture was 16.50%, 18.21% and 16.21% and waterbodies were 4.40%, 3.89% and 3.79% respectively. From 2000-2010 forest and waterbodies decreased by 3.87%, and 0.54% respectively whereas agriculture and other land increased by 1.7% and 2.71% respectively. Similarly, from 2010 to 2020, agriculture, water bodies, and other land decreased by 1.99%, 0.10%, and 4.48% whereas forests increased by 6.58% respectively. The overall accuracy of the map is 90%, 89% and 88% for the years 2000, 2010 and 2020. The ESV was estimated using the value transfer method, which was 28 million USD/year, 26.84 million USD/year, and 28.97 million USD/year in 2000, 2010 and 2020, which showed that the total ESV has decreased by 1.16 and increased by 2.12 million USD from 2000-2020. An elasticity indicator shows 1% of land conversion in Siwalik resulted in 0.47 % and 0.21 % changes in ESVs during the two periods, respectively. Overall findings of this study, suggest that ESV has increased in the Siwalik region of Madhesh province in the last two decades, primarily due to an increase in forest cover. This increase should be taken as an opportunity to leverage policy support and programmatic implementation to increase forest cover and reduce land conversion","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75933454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R.D. Aghav, P. Haldankar, Y. Parulekar, K. Malshe, V. Dalvi
The investigation was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra during the year 2020-21 to assess the special horticultural practices on induction of flowering in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Ratna. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatments viz; girdling on the first fortnight of October (T1), girdling on the first fortnight of November (T2), girdling on the first fortnight of October and November (T3), girdling on first fortnight of October and tip pruning (T4), girdling on the first fortnight of November and tip pruning (T5), girdling on the first fortnight of October and November and tip pruning (T6), tip pruning (T7), removal of new shoots below old shoot (T8), smudging (T9) and control (T10). Removal of new shoots (T7) resulted in early panicle emergence as compared to control. Treatment girdling on the first fortnight of November and tip pruning (T5) exhibited the highest flowering intensity and hermaphrodite flower per panicle. It also maximum fruit set and fruit retention per panicle.
该调查于2020-21年度在马哈拉施特拉邦Ratnagiri区Dapoli园艺学院进行，以评估芒果(Mangifera indica L.) cv诱导开花的特殊园艺实践。Ratna。试验采用随机区组设计，3个重复，10个处理;10月前两周采伐(T1)， 11月前两周采伐(T2)， 10月和11月前两周采伐(T3)， 10月前两周采伐和梢梢采伐(T4)， 11月前两周采伐和梢梢采伐(T5)， 10月和11月前两周采伐和梢梢采伐(T6)，梢梢采伐(T7)，在老枝以下拔除新枝(T8)，熏污(T9)和防治(T10)。与对照相比，去除新芽(T7)导致穗提早出苗。11月前两周施环穗和顶端修剪(T5)的花强度和每穗雌雄同体花数最高。每穗最大坐果量和果位。
{"title":"Special Horticultural Practices for Early Induction of Flowering in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Ratna","authors":"R.D. Aghav, P. Haldankar, Y. Parulekar, K. Malshe, V. Dalvi","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3216","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was conducted at the College of Horticulture, Dapoli, Dist. Ratnagiri, Maharashtra during the year 2020-21 to assess the special horticultural practices on induction of flowering in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Ratna. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications and ten treatments viz; girdling on the first fortnight of October (T1), girdling on the first fortnight of November (T2), girdling on the first fortnight of October and November (T3), girdling on first fortnight of October and tip pruning (T4), girdling on the first fortnight of November and tip pruning (T5), girdling on the first fortnight of October and November and tip pruning (T6), tip pruning (T7), removal of new shoots below old shoot (T8), smudging (T9) and control (T10). Removal of new shoots (T7) resulted in early panicle emergence as compared to control. Treatment girdling on the first fortnight of November and tip pruning (T5) exhibited the highest flowering intensity and hermaphrodite flower per panicle. It also maximum fruit set and fruit retention per panicle.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80290121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human has been known to use different types of polymers in their daily routine for ages, among which plastics that are derived from fossil fuels or petroleum occupies a greater part. The domestic, as well as commercial use of plastics, has been known so far globally. Plastics are used for packaging, making utensils, household items, portable machines, spare parts, medical stents, spectacles, sportswear, cellphones, golf balls and many other items. Despite knowing the negative and fatalistic effects of plastics, we humans have become dependent on plastics for our daily routine welfare. The major reasons for this are durability, inertness, lightweight, thermal and electrical insulation, resilience to corrosion and readily moulding into multifarious shapes. But the non-biodegradability of this polymer has led to many environmental issues that have detrimental effects. So there is a need to switch from non-biodegradable plastics to biodegradable ones to reduce these harmful effects without the replacement of other properties of petroleum-based plastics that makes it one of the most commercially used polymer. Biodegradable plastics have gained a lot of attention over a shorter period. These include Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) and Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) majorly. These are biodegradable along with all the properties that petroleum-derived plastics have which makes them a finer and eco-friendly option. The present review focuses majorly on PHBs and summarises their physical properties, biosynthesis and different methods of industrial production, extraction, PHB-based biocomposites and/or nanocomposites along with their applications and prospects.
{"title":"Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs): an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastics for diminution of their detrimental effects on the environment","authors":"Kashish Sharma, K. Malik, Shivi Chaudhary, Shubham Kumar, Neeru Dhull, Sujeeta Sujeeta","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.322","url":null,"abstract":"Human has been known to use different types of polymers in their daily routine for ages, among which plastics that are derived from fossil fuels or petroleum occupies a greater part. The domestic, as well as commercial use of plastics, has been known so far globally. Plastics are used for packaging, making utensils, household items, portable machines, spare parts, medical stents, spectacles, sportswear, cellphones, golf balls and many other items. Despite knowing the negative and fatalistic effects of plastics, we humans have become dependent on plastics for our daily routine welfare. The major reasons for this are durability, inertness, lightweight, thermal and electrical insulation, resilience to corrosion and readily moulding into multifarious shapes. But the non-biodegradability of this polymer has led to many environmental issues that have detrimental effects. So there is a need to switch from non-biodegradable plastics to biodegradable ones to reduce these harmful effects without the replacement of other properties of petroleum-based plastics that makes it one of the most commercially used polymer. Biodegradable plastics have gained a lot of attention over a shorter period. These include Polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs) and Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) majorly. These are biodegradable along with all the properties that petroleum-derived plastics have which makes them a finer and eco-friendly option. The present review focuses majorly on PHBs and summarises their physical properties, biosynthesis and different methods of industrial production, extraction, PHB-based biocomposites and/or nanocomposites along with their applications and prospects.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84207354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional African medicine treats microbiological infections with Cordia africana. The maceration method was used to extract powder samples in stages using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The presence of carbohydrates, anthraquinones, phenols, proteins, amino acids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenoids/steroids were tested in the extracts by conventional phytochemical screening. The study provides evidence-based support for the use of Cordia africana by healers in the treatment of microbial diseases and has the potential to be used in medicine.
{"title":"Phytochemical and antibacterial activity of stem bark extract of Cordia africana Lam.","authors":"Salaudeen, A.A., Dangoggo, S.M., Faruq, U.Z., Mshelia, H.E.","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.326","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional African medicine treats microbiological infections with Cordia africana. The maceration method was used to extract powder samples in stages using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. The presence of carbohydrates, anthraquinones, phenols, proteins, amino acids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenoids/steroids were tested in the extracts by conventional phytochemical screening. The study provides evidence-based support for the use of Cordia africana by healers in the treatment of microbial diseases and has the potential to be used in medicine.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82067349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Mohammad Kakar, Mirza Mohammad Modasir, Habibullah Hamayoyn
An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm, Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, during the period from 2 March to 12 June 2020 to study the effect of two types of cultivation methods such as raised bed and flatbed on the yield, yield attributes and economics attributes of chickpea. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot design with three replications. All the nutrients were applied as basal on land preparation operation. Seeds were sown manually @ 30 kg ha-1 for a flatbed as well as @ 45cm x 10 cm spacing for a raised bed. Observations were recorded for various growth parameters and yield attributes at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest. Statistical analysis of data was done online through OPSTAT software. Raised bed cultivation method significantly enhanced the growth parameters of chickpea viz., plant height (4.44 cm, 8.40 cm and 25.45 cm at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest), dry matter plant-1 (3.12 g, 5.26 g and 15.50 g at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest. Yield attributes viz., number of pod plant-1 (20.15), number of grain pod-1 (1.38), and 1,000 grain weight (207.44 g) showed remarkable improvement with raised bed cultivation method Yield of chickpea viz., grain yield (1.21 t ha-1), Stover yield (1.33 t ha-1) biological yield (3.44 t ha-1) and harvest index (27.44 t ha-1) were recorded significantly higher with raised bed cultivation method. Similarly, significantly higher economics attributes viz., Cost of cultivation (26,989 AFN ha-1), gross returns (104,795AFN ha-1), net returns (76,854 AFN ha-1), and benefit cost ratio (2.78), recorded with raised bed cultivation method.
本试验于2020年3月2日至6月12日在阿富汗国立农业科技大学农学农场开展，研究了养床和平床两种栽培方式对鹰嘴豆产量、产量属性和经济属性的影响。实验采用三次重复的分割图设计。所有养分均作为整地操作的基础施用。在平床上以30公斤每公顷的间距人工播种，在高床上以45厘米× 10厘米的间距人工播种。记录了30 DAS、60 DAS和收获时的各种生长参数和产量属性的观察结果。通过OPSTAT软件对数据进行在线统计分析。养床栽培显著提高了鹰嘴豆的生长参数，即株高(30、60和收获时分别为4.44、8.40和25.45 cm)和干物质(30、60和收获时分别为3.12、5.26和15.50 g)。单株荚果数(20.15)、籽粒荚果数(1.38)、千粒重(207.44 g)等产量指标均有显著提高，单株产量(1.21 t ha-1)、秸秆产量(1.33 t ha-1)、生物产量(3.44 t ha-1)和收获指数(27.44 t ha-1)均显著提高。同样，高床栽培法的经济属性显著更高，即栽培成本(26,989 AFN ha-1)、总收益(104,795AFN ha-1)、净收益(76,854 AFN ha-1)和效益成本比(2.78)。
{"title":"Effect of cultivation method on yield, yield attributes and economics attributes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) the semi – arid Condition of Kandahar Afghanistan","authors":"Noor Mohammad Kakar, Mirza Mohammad Modasir, Habibullah Hamayoyn","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3215","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy farm, Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University, during the period from 2 March to 12 June 2020 to study the effect of two types of cultivation methods such as raised bed and flatbed on the yield, yield attributes and economics attributes of chickpea. The experiment was laid out in a Split Plot design with three replications. All the nutrients were applied as basal on land preparation operation. Seeds were sown manually @ 30 kg ha-1 for a flatbed as well as @ 45cm x 10 cm spacing for a raised bed. Observations were recorded for various growth parameters and yield attributes at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest. Statistical analysis of data was done online through OPSTAT software. Raised bed cultivation method significantly enhanced the growth parameters of chickpea viz., plant height (4.44 cm, 8.40 cm and 25.45 cm at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and harvest), dry matter plant-1 (3.12 g, 5.26 g and 15.50 g at 30 DAS, 60 DAS and at harvest. Yield attributes viz., number of pod plant-1 (20.15), number of grain pod-1 (1.38), and 1,000 grain weight (207.44 g) showed remarkable improvement with raised bed cultivation method Yield of chickpea viz., grain yield (1.21 t ha-1), Stover yield (1.33 t ha-1) biological yield (3.44 t ha-1) and harvest index (27.44 t ha-1) were recorded significantly higher with raised bed cultivation method. Similarly, significantly higher economics attributes viz., Cost of cultivation (26,989 AFN ha-1), gross returns (104,795AFN ha-1), net returns (76,854 AFN ha-1), and benefit cost ratio (2.78), recorded with raised bed cultivation method.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74135892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With rapid growth and changes in daily life, air pollution is also increasing at a high rate. Air pollution threats are not only restricted to urban areas but harm rural areas also. Apart from being harmful to human beings; air pollution possesses a negative impact on bird species also. This study was carried out to find out the adverse impact of air pollution on the diversity of the avian community. The study was executed at five different locations in Bilaspur city during the summer season (2022). Vehicular emissions, burning of fossil fuels, constructions etc. are the major source of pollution in the city. The point count and checklist method was adopted for the observation of bird species. The air quality and pollution monitoring had been carried out through the ‘Smiledrive Air Quality Monitor Pollution Meter’ which detects the concentration and level of PM 2.5, PM 10, TVOC and HCHO in the air. The diversity of bird species was calculated through total species richness and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. It was observed that the site having minimum pollution levels have a large bird population with maximum diversity and the sites having high pollution levels have the least diversity of birds. It is the reason that many bird species avoid areas with high pollution concentrations. The study also revealed the remarkably high population of birds of the ‘Sturnidae’ and ‘Columbidae families in polluted sites which validates that the birds of these families have adapted themselves well in the sites with high pollution levels.
{"title":"Air pollution level declines the bird species diversity in an urban area: a case study of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh during the summer season","authors":"G. Tiwari, Animesh Shukla, F. M. Anthony","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.325","url":null,"abstract":"With rapid growth and changes in daily life, air pollution is also increasing at a high rate. Air pollution threats are not only restricted to urban areas but harm rural areas also. Apart from being harmful to human beings; air pollution possesses a negative impact on bird species also. This study was carried out to find out the adverse impact of air pollution on the diversity of the avian community. The study was executed at five different locations in Bilaspur city during the summer season (2022). Vehicular emissions, burning of fossil fuels, constructions etc. are the major source of pollution in the city. The point count and checklist method was adopted for the observation of bird species. The air quality and pollution monitoring had been carried out through the ‘Smiledrive Air Quality Monitor Pollution Meter’ which detects the concentration and level of PM 2.5, PM 10, TVOC and HCHO in the air. The diversity of bird species was calculated through total species richness and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. It was observed that the site having minimum pollution levels have a large bird population with maximum diversity and the sites having high pollution levels have the least diversity of birds. It is the reason that many bird species avoid areas with high pollution concentrations. The study also revealed the remarkably high population of birds of the ‘Sturnidae’ and ‘Columbidae families in polluted sites which validates that the birds of these families have adapted themselves well in the sites with high pollution levels.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83403238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The self-propelled multipurpose power unit was developed in the laboratory of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur for small farmers. The prime mower is powered by a 5hp diesel engine. The V-belt drive is provided for the transmission of power from the engine to the traction wheels. An adjustable accelerator wire is connected to the governor for adjusting the engine speed according to the requirement. The worm gear reduction unit is located at the axle having a speed reduction ratio of 20:1. A telescopic type frame is provided to support the end of the adjustable output shaft with the help of a bearing. The handle is modified to vary the height from 1.0 to 1.3 m from the ground. The additional lug cage wheel is connected to the transport wheel to increase the traction. Noise and Vibration isolators are provided between the engine and chassis to reduce the noise level and vibration. The noise level of the power unit was suitable for 8 working hr. The range of noise with load conditions is 60, 65, 70 (dB) and without load conditions 74, 79, 86 (dB), this limit of noise is under the permissible limit 90db. Vibration range according to optimum rpm 1200, rated rpm 1500 and maximum rpm 1800 so the output range of vibration in Handle 130 μm and chassis 217 μm, Handle 127 μm and chassis 198 μm, Handle 121 μm and chassis 193 μm.
{"title":"Development of low-cost self-propelled multi-purpose power unit","authors":"R. Gautam","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3222","url":null,"abstract":"The self-propelled multipurpose power unit was developed in the laboratory of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur for small farmers. The prime mower is powered by a 5hp diesel engine. The V-belt drive is provided for the transmission of power from the engine to the traction wheels. An adjustable accelerator wire is connected to the governor for adjusting the engine speed according to the requirement. The worm gear reduction unit is located at the axle having a speed reduction ratio of 20:1. A telescopic type frame is provided to support the end of the adjustable output shaft with the help of a bearing. The handle is modified to vary the height from 1.0 to 1.3 m from the ground. The additional lug cage wheel is connected to the transport wheel to increase the traction. Noise and Vibration isolators are provided between the engine and chassis to reduce the noise level and vibration. The noise level of the power unit was suitable for 8 working hr. The range of noise with load conditions is 60, 65, 70 (dB) and without load conditions 74, 79, 86 (dB), this limit of noise is under the permissible limit 90db. Vibration range according to optimum rpm 1200, rated rpm 1500 and maximum rpm 1800 so the output range of vibration in Handle 130 μm and chassis 217 μm, Handle 127 μm and chassis 198 μm, Handle 121 μm and chassis 193 μm.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88458373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present study, four plant extracts (Allium sativum L., Desmodium gangeticum L., Eclipta alba L., and Piper longum L.) were considered and checked for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity which is the main true enzyme which hydrolyses acetylcholine in the body. The dried coarse powder of plants was extracted with methanol by cold extraction method. The resultant was assessed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity by Ellman’s method with few modifications. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferrous reducing Antioxidant power) assays. Quantitative phytochemical (phenolic contents) analysis of endogenous substances was performed by standard spectrophotometric methods. Plant extract significantly inhibited AChE activity. Additionally, the plant extracts exhibited strong radical scavenging activity against DPPH and reduced the Ferric ion (FRAP) significantly when compared to that of standards. Plant extracts were found to be rich in phenolic (gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract) content. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the total phenolics and antioxidants as well as the anticholinesterase potential.
{"title":"In vitro screening for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant activity of selected Medicinal Plants","authors":"N. Ranjan, S. Shweta, M. Kumari","doi":"10.52804/ijaas2022.3221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.3221","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, four plant extracts (Allium sativum L., Desmodium gangeticum L., Eclipta alba L., and Piper longum L.) were considered and checked for their acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity which is the main true enzyme which hydrolyses acetylcholine in the body. The dried coarse powder of plants was extracted with methanol by cold extraction method. The resultant was assessed for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity by Ellman’s method with few modifications. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferrous reducing Antioxidant power) assays. Quantitative phytochemical (phenolic contents) analysis of endogenous substances was performed by standard spectrophotometric methods. Plant extract significantly inhibited AChE activity. Additionally, the plant extracts exhibited strong radical scavenging activity against DPPH and reduced the Ferric ion (FRAP) significantly when compared to that of standards. Plant extracts were found to be rich in phenolic (gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract) content. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between the total phenolics and antioxidants as well as the anticholinesterase potential.","PeriodicalId":13883,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences","volume":"422 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84931578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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