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Soy isoflavones and inflammation in participants with chronic diseases. 大豆异黄酮与慢性病患者的炎症。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000806
Tomoyuki Kawada
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引用次数: 0
Roles of selenium in cognition. 硒在认知中的作用。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000792
Jia-Meng Li, Ya-Zhi Bai, Shuang-Qing Zhang
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引用次数: 0
Effects of green tea on lipid profile in overweight and obese women. 绿茶对超重和肥胖妇女血脂状况的影响
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-21 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000783
Aixin Li, Qian Wang, Peng Li, Na Zhao, Zhaoguang Liang

The effect of green tea administration on serum lipids' concentrations remains unclear as various investigations, which have explored this topic, have produced conflicting results. Gender might be one of the factors influencing the impact of green tea on the lipid profile. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effect of green tea intake on the lipid profile in overweight and obese women. We searched five databases (Web of Science, SCOPUS, Embase, PubMed/Medline, and Google Scholar) using a combination of MeSH and non-MeSH terms. Results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and synthesized with a random-effects model. In total, 15 eligible RCTs with 16 arms (1818 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. The combined effect size revealed a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -4.45 mg/dl, 95% CI: -6.63, -2.27, P<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: -4.49 mg/dl, 95% CI: -7.50 to -1.47, P=0.003) concentrations following green tea supplementation in overweight and/or obese women. In addition, a more pronounced reduction of triglyceride (TG) levels occurred when the baseline TG value was ≥150 mg/dL (WMD: -24.45 mg/dL, 95% CI: -40.63 to -8.26, P=0.003). Moreover, a significant decrease in TG concentrations occurred in RCTs conducted on overweight subjects (BMI: 25-29.99 kg/m2) (WMD: -5.88 mg/dl, 95% CI: -10.76 to -0.99, P=0.01). In the subgroup analyses based on the study population, a notable increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) values was observed in obese individuals (>30 kg/m2) (WMD: 2.63 mg/dl, 95% CI: 0.10 to 5.16, P=0.041). Consumption of green tea causes a reduction in LDL-C and TC concentrations in overweight and obese women. The decline in TG levels was notable particularly in overweight patients with hypertriglyceridemia at baseline. In addition, a significant increase in HDL-C was detected in obese subjects following intake of green tea.

关于饮用绿茶对血清脂质浓度的影响,目前仍不清楚,因为各种研究在探讨这一问题时得出了相互矛盾的结果。性别可能是影响绿茶对血脂影响的因素之一。因此,我们对随机对照试验(RCTs)进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析,以评估摄入绿茶对超重和肥胖女性血脂状况的影响。我们使用 MeSH 和非 MeSH 术语组合检索了五个数据库(Web of Science、SCOPUS、Embase、PubMed/Medline 和 Google Scholar)。研究结果以加权平均差 (WMD) 和 95% 置信区间 (CI) 表示,并采用随机效应模型进行综合。荟萃分析共纳入了 15 项符合条件的 RCT,16 个研究臂(1818 名参与者)。综合效应大小显示,总胆固醇(TC)显著降低(WMD:-4.45 mg/dl,95% CI:-6.63,-2.27,P2)(WMD:-5.88 mg/dl,95% CI:-10.76 至 -0.99,P=0.01)。在基于研究人群的亚组分析中,观察到肥胖者(>30 kg/m2)的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)值显著增加(WMD:2.63 mg/dl,95% CI:0.10 至 5.16,P=0.041)。饮用绿茶可降低超重和肥胖女性的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和总胆固醇浓度。特别是在基线高甘油三酯血症的超重患者中,TG 水平的下降尤为明显。此外,摄入绿茶后,肥胖受试者的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇也明显增加。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the current vitamin A terminology and dietary regulations from vitamin A1 to vitamin A5. 分析从维生素 A1 到维生素 A5 的现行维生素 A 术语和膳食规定。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000807
Ralph Rühl, Diána Bánáti

Dietary recommendations on vitamin intake for human food fortification concerning vitamin A in various countries, larger economic zones and international organizations are mainly based on the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) "Codex Alimentarius standards". The general vitamin A terminology is based on regulations of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) that are used to describe the involved derivatives. These regulations and terminology were set up in the middle of the last century. Starting with the decade of the 80ies in the 20th century a large improvement of molecular biological methodologies, background physiological mechanisms as well as analytical techniques contributed to a large diversification of this simply claimed vitamin A terminology. Unfortunately, the following terminology and governmental regulations for food fortification are imprecise and non-harmonized. In this article we tried to unravel this terminology for updating terminology, nutritional suggestions and governmental regulations for vitamin A, which are currently based on various uncertainties. According to the current regulations, the newly found vitamin A5/X can be included in the current vitamin A terminology as "vitamin A5" or alternatively or even in parallel as a new vitamin A-independent terminology as "vitamin X". Based on the detailed knowledge of research from the early beginning of general vitamin A pathway identification towards detailed research of the last decades the commonly used and simplified term vitamin A with relevance for governmental recommendations on vitamin intake and food fortification advice was now more correctly sub-categorized to further vitamin A1, and A5 sub-categories with vitamin A1-alcohol as retinol, vitamin A2-alcohol as 3,4-didehydroretinol and vitamin A5-alcohol as 9-cis-13,14-dihydroretinol as their mainly relevant vitamin forms present in the human organism. Here we suggest and advise how the vitamin A terminology and further governmental regulations should be organized depending on a successful unraveling of the organization of the current vitamin A terminology.

各国、较大的经济区和国际组织关于人类食品强化维生素 A 摄入量的膳食建议主要以联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)/世界卫生组织(WHO)的 "食品法典标准 "为基础。一般维生素 A 术语以国际理论化学和应用化学联合会(IUPAC)的规定为基础,用于描述相关衍生物。这些规定和术语是在上世纪中叶制定的。从 20 世纪 80 年代开始,分子生物学方法、背景生理机制以及分析技术的巨大进步促使这种简单的维生素 A 术语发生了巨大的变化。遗憾的是,接下来的术语和政府对食品添加剂的规定并不精确,也不协调。在这篇文章中,我们试图解开这些术语,以更新目前基于各种不确定性的维生素 A 术语、营养建议和政府法规。根据现行规定,新发现的维生素 A5/X 可以作为 "维生素 A5 "纳入现行维生素 A 术语,也可以作为 "维生素 X "作为独立于维生素 A 的新术语。基于从早期的一般维生素 A 途径识别到最近几十年的详细研究的详细知识,与政府维生素摄入建议和食品营养强化建议相关的常用简化术语维生素 A 现在被更正确地细分为维生素 A1 和 A5 子类别,其中维生素 A1-醇(视黄醇)、维生素 A2-醇(3,4-二脱氢视黄醇)和维生素 A5-醇(9-顺式-13,14-二脱氢视黄醇)是存在于人体器官中的主要相关维生素形式。在此,我们建议并提议,在成功解开当前维生素 A 术语的组织结构后,应如何组织维生素 A 术语和进一步的政府法规。
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引用次数: 0
The protective association of dairy intake and the adverse impact of iron on gestational diabetes risk. 乳制品摄入量的保护作用和铁对妊娠糖尿病风险的不利影响。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000803
Fatemeh Pouladi, Ehsan Nozari, Fahimeh Hosseinzadeh, Shokuh Hashemi

Background: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a pregnancy-related glucose intolerance with significant implications for maternal and fetal health. Calcium is essential for insulin secretion and metabolism, while iron intake may also impact GDM. This case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between calcium and iron intake with the risk of GDM. Methods: GDM was defined as Fasting Blood Sugar>92mg/dL or 75g Oral-Glucose-Tolerance-Test 120-minutes>153mg/dL. A 168-Item food-frequency-questionnaire was used to collect dietary calcium and iron intake from 24-40 weeks of gestation. The impact of total iron, red, processed/unprocessed meat consumption, calcium, and dairy intake on GDM were investigated. Results: A total of 229 GDM and 205 non-GDM women (18-45 years) participated. GDM group had higher pre-pregnancy weight, weight gain, and pre-pregnancy BMI. Across all models, GDM risk significantly increased in the third and fourth quartiles of iron intake. The fourth quartile had an Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.68 (CI 95%, 4.89-1.56; P<0.001) compared to the reference. Heme-iron consumption in the fourth quartiles increased GDM risk. In the second calcium intake model, ORs for the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 0.51 (CI 95%, 0.91-0.25), 0.43 (CI 95%, 0.77-0.24), and 0.35 (CI 95%, 0.63-0.19), respectively (P<0.001 all), reducing GDM risk by 50-65% compared to the first quartile. Dairy consumption in all quartiles of the first and second models was associated with lower GDM risk. Conclusions: Consumption of heme-iron through red and processed meat associated with an increased chance of developing GDM. Dairy intake reduces the chances of developing GDM in pregnant women.

背景:妊娠糖尿病(GDM)是一种与妊娠有关的葡萄糖不耐受症,对母体和胎儿的健康有重大影响。钙对胰岛素分泌和新陈代谢至关重要,而铁的摄入也可能影响 GDM。本病例对照研究旨在探讨钙和铁的摄入量与 GDM 风险之间的关系。研究方法空腹血糖>92毫克/分升或75克口服葡萄糖耐量试验120分钟>153毫克/分升即为GDM。采用 168 项食物频率调查表收集妊娠 24-40 周期间的钙和铁摄入量。研究了总铁、红肉、加工/未加工肉类的摄入量、钙和乳制品的摄入量对 GDM 的影响。研究结果共有 229 名 GDM 妇女和 205 名非 GDM 妇女(18-45 岁)参加了研究。GDM 组的孕前体重、体重增加和孕前体重指数均较高。在所有模型中,铁摄入量处于第三和第四四分位数的 GDM 风险显著增加。第四个四分位数的风险比(OR)为 2.68(CI 95%,4.89-1.56;PC 结论):通过红肉和加工肉类摄入血红素铁会增加罹患 GDM 的几率。乳制品的摄入可降低孕妇患 GDM 的几率。
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引用次数: 0
Genistein supplementation has no effects on vitamin D levels in healthy Spanish postmenopausal women. 补充染料木素对西班牙绝经后健康妇女的维生素 D 水平没有影响。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000781
María Pérez-Alonso, Ismael Calero-Paniagua, Ricardo Usategui-Martin, Laisa-Socorro Briongos, Marta Ruiz-Mambrilla, José-Manuel Olmos, Manuel González-Sagrado, Daniel De Luis, Antonio Dueñas-Laita, José-Luis Pérez-Castrillón

Background: In vitro studies have shown that genistein inhibits the CYP240 enzyme, which is involved in the degradation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and its precursor 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and increases their plasma levels. However, no clinical studies have primarily assessed the synergistic effect of isoflavones on vitamin D levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible additive effect of genistein supplementation on vitamin D levels, calcium metabolism and bone remodeling markers in healthy postmenopausal women during the spring-summer months. Patients and methods: We made a prospective, double-blind study with 150 healthy postmenopausal women that were randomized to three groups. One received placebo, another received calcium (1000 mg/day) and vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 800 U/day) and the third received calcium (1000 mg/day), vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 800 U/day) and genistein (90 mg/day). The study period was from May to September (spring-summer). Vitamin D, PTH, CTX and P1NP were determined by electrochemiluminescence at baseline and after 12 weeks. Results: Vitamin D levels increased in all groups: placebo (23±9 ng/ml vs. 29±10 ng/ml, p<0.05), calcium+vitamin D (26±10 ng/ml vs. 33±8 ng/ml, p<0.05) and calcium+vitamin D+genistein (24±9 ng/ml vs. 31±8 ng/l, p<0.05) without between-group differences. At study end, the percentage of women with vitamin D <20 ng/ml (11%) and <30 ng/ml (39%) had fallen without between-group differences. The effects on calcium metabolism and bone remodeling markers were similar between groups: rises in vitamin D were significantly linked to reductions in PTH, CTX and P1NP. Conclusion: Adding genistein to supplementation with calcium and vitamin D provided not additional changes in vitamin D levels, calcium metabolism or bone remodeling markers in healthy Spanish postmenopausal women during the spring-summer months.

背景:体外研究表明,染料木素可抑制参与 1,25- 二羟基胆钙化醇及其前体 25- 羟基胆钙化醇降解的 CYP240 酶,并提高其血浆水平。然而,目前还没有临床研究主要评估异黄酮对维生素 D 水平的协同作用。本研究的目的是评估在春夏季节补充染料木素对健康绝经后妇女的维生素 D 水平、钙代谢和骨重塑指标可能产生的增效作用。患者和方法我们进行了一项前瞻性双盲研究,将 150 名绝经后健康妇女随机分为三组。一组服用安慰剂,另一组服用钙剂(1000 毫克/天)和维生素 D(胆钙化醇,800 U/天),第三组服用钙剂(1000 毫克/天)、维生素 D(胆钙化醇,800 U/天)和染料木素(90 毫克/天)。研究时间为 5 月至 9 月(春夏季)。在基线期和 12 周后,通过电化学发光法测定维生素 D、PTH、CTX 和 P1NP。结果显示所有组的维生素 D 水平都有所上升:安慰剂组(23±9 ng/ml vs. 29±10 ng/ml,p)和非安慰剂组(29±10 ng/ml vs. 29±10 ng/ml,p):在补充钙和维生素 D 的基础上添加染料木素,不会对春夏季节健康的西班牙绝经后妇女的维生素 D 水平、钙代谢或骨重塑指标产生额外的影响。
{"title":"Genistein supplementation has no effects on vitamin D levels in healthy Spanish postmenopausal women.","authors":"María Pérez-Alonso, Ismael Calero-Paniagua, Ricardo Usategui-Martin, Laisa-Socorro Briongos, Marta Ruiz-Mambrilla, José-Manuel Olmos, Manuel González-Sagrado, Daniel De Luis, Antonio Dueñas-Laita, José-Luis Pérez-Castrillón","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000781","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> In vitro studies have shown that genistein inhibits the CYP240 enzyme, which is involved in the degradation of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and its precursor 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, and increases their plasma levels. However, no clinical studies have primarily assessed the synergistic effect of isoflavones on vitamin D levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible additive effect of genistein supplementation on vitamin D levels, calcium metabolism and bone remodeling markers in healthy postmenopausal women during the spring-summer months. <i>Patients and methods:</i> We made a prospective, double-blind study with 150 healthy postmenopausal women that were randomized to three groups. One received placebo, another received calcium (1000 mg/day) and vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 800 U/day) and the third received calcium (1000 mg/day), vitamin D (cholecalciferol, 800 U/day) and genistein (90 mg/day). The study period was from May to September (spring-summer). Vitamin D, PTH, CTX and P1NP were determined by electrochemiluminescence at baseline and after 12 weeks. <i>Results:</i> Vitamin D levels increased in all groups: placebo (23±9 ng/ml vs. 29±10 ng/ml, p<0.05), calcium+vitamin D (26±10 ng/ml vs. 33±8 ng/ml, p<0.05) and calcium+vitamin D+genistein (24±9 ng/ml vs. 31±8 ng/l, p<0.05) without between-group differences. At study end, the percentage of women with vitamin D <20 ng/ml (11%) and <30 ng/ml (39%) had fallen without between-group differences. The effects on calcium metabolism and bone remodeling markers were similar between groups: rises in vitamin D were significantly linked to reductions in PTH, CTX and P1NP. <i>Conclusion:</i> Adding genistein to supplementation with calcium and vitamin D provided not additional changes in vitamin D levels, calcium metabolism or bone remodeling markers in healthy Spanish postmenopausal women during the spring-summer months.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":" ","pages":"171-176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9169419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dietary carbohydrate quality index and cardio-metabolic risk factors. 膳食碳水化合物质量指数与心脏代谢危险因素。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-27 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000794
Arman Maghoul, Nami Mohammadian Khonsari, Sasan Asadi, Zahra Esmaeili Abdar, Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed, Mostafa Qorbani

Introduction: Improving the quality of diet is known as one of the practical ways to reduce cardio-metabolic risk factors (CMRFs). The carbohydrate quality index (CQI) is a relatively new index to evaluate diet quality. It is calculated based on the ratio of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates, dietary fibre intake, glycemic index and the ratio of whole grains to total grains. This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to investigate the association between dietary CQI and CMRFs. Methods: In this systematic review, some international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to July 2022, were searched according to appropriate keywords. All observational studies with an English full text assessing the association between the dietary CQI and CMRFs were included. Two researchers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the articles with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random/fixed-effect meta-analysis was used to pool standardized mean difference (SMD) as an effect size. Results: 11 studies with a total of 63962 subjects were found to be eligible and included in the qualitative synthesis; only BMI, WC and metabolic syndrome reached the threshold of 3 reports with the same effect size and thus only 5 were included in the meta-analysis. The main finding of the included studies was that there were inverse associations between CQI and CMRFs, mainly obesity, glucose metabolism indices, and blood pressure. In the five studies included in the random effect meta-analysis, the association between CQI and body mass index (SMD: 0.45, 95%CI: -0.12, 1.01), waist circumference (SMD: -0.09, 95%CI: -0.34, 0.15) and metabolic syndrome (SMD: 0.63, 95%CI: -0.01, 1.28) was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although the qualitative findings support the positive association of CQI with CMRFs, the evidence is insufficient to conclude robust findings. Further observational and interventional studies are needed to clearly elucidate this association.

导论:改善饮食质量被认为是减少心脏代谢危险因素(CMRFs)的实用方法之一。碳水化合物质量指数(CQI)是一种较新的膳食质量评价指标。它是根据固体碳水化合物与总碳水化合物的比例、膳食纤维摄入量、血糖指数和全谷物与总谷物的比例计算得出的。本系统综述和荟萃分析旨在调查膳食CQI与CMRFs之间的关系。方法:本系统综述采用截至2022年7月的国际数据库Scopus、PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、Google Scholar进行检索。所有有英文全文评估饮食CQI和CMRFs之间关系的观察性研究均被纳入。两名研究人员独立提取数据,并用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估文章的质量。随机/固定效应荟萃分析采用标准化平均差(SMD)作为效应量。结果:11项研究共纳入63962名受试者,纳入定性综合;只有BMI、WC和代谢综合征达到了3个报告的阈值,且效应量相同,因此只有5个报告被纳入meta分析。纳入的研究的主要发现是CQI与CMRFs之间存在负相关,主要是肥胖、葡萄糖代谢指标和血压。随机效应meta分析纳入的5项研究中,CQI与体重指数(SMD: 0.45, 95%CI: -0.12, 1.01)、腰围(SMD: -0.09, 95%CI: -0.34, 0.15)、代谢综合征(SMD: 0.63, 95%CI: -0.01, 1.28)的相关性均无统计学意义。结论:虽然定性研究结果支持CQI与CMRFs呈正相关,但证据不足以得出强有力的结论。需要进一步的观察性和干预性研究来清楚地阐明这种关联。
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引用次数: 0
Defining a vitamin A5/X specific deficiency - vitamin A5/X as a critical dietary factor for mental health. 维生素 A5/X 缺乏症的定义--维生素 A5/X 是影响心理健康的关键饮食因素。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000808
Diána Bánáti, Julian Hellman-Regen, Isabelle Mack, Hayley A Young, David Benton, Manfred Eggersdorfer, Sascha Rohn, Joanna Dulińska-Litewka, Wojciech Krężel, Ralph Rühl

A healthy and balanced diet is an important factor to assure a good functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system. Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated signaling was identified as an important mechanism of transmitting major diet-dependent physiological and nutritional signaling such as the control of myelination and dopamine signalling. Recently, vitamin A5/X, mainly present in vegetables as provitamin A5/X, was identified as a new concept of a vitamin which functions as the nutritional precursor for enabling RXR-mediated signaling. The active form of vitamin A5/X, 9-cis-13,14-dehydroretinoic acid (9CDHRA), induces RXR-activation, thereby acting as the central switch for enabling various heterodimer-RXR-signaling cascades involving various partner heterodimers like the fatty acid and eicosanoid receptors/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), the cholesterol receptors/liver X receptors (LXRs), the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and the vitamin A(1) receptors/retinoic acid receptors (RARs). Thus, nutritional supply of vitamin A5/X might be a general nutritional-dependent switch for enabling this large cascade of hormonal signaling pathways and thus appears important to guarantee an overall organism homeostasis. RXR-mediated signaling was shown to be dependent on vitamin A5/X with direct effects for beneficial physiological and neuro-protective functions mediated systemically or directly in the brain. In summary, through control of dopamine signaling, amyloid β-clearance, neuro-protection and neuro-inflammation, the vitamin A5/X - RXR - RAR - vitamin A(1)-signaling might be "one of" or even "the" critical factor(s) necessary for good mental health, healthy brain aging, as well as for preventing drug addiction and prevention of a large array of nervous system diseases. Likewise, vitamin A5/X - RXR - non-RAR-dependent signaling relevant for myelination/re-myelination and phagocytosis/brain cleanup will contribute to such regulations too. In this review we discuss the basic scientific background, logical connections and nutritional/pharmacological expert recommendations for the nervous system especially considering the ageing brain.

健康均衡的饮食是确保中枢和周围神经系统良好运作的重要因素。视黄醇 X 受体(RXR)介导的信号被认为是一种重要的机制,可传递依赖于饮食的主要生理和营养信号,如控制髓鞘化和多巴胺信号。最近,维生素 A5/X (主要以维生素 A5/X 的形式存在于蔬菜中)被认为是一种新概念的维生素,它作为一种营养前体,可促成 RXR 介导的信号传导。维生素 A5/X 的活性形式--9-顺式-13,14-脱氢维甲酸(9CDHRA)--可诱导 RXR 激活,从而成为启动各种异二聚体-RXR-信号级联的中心开关,这些级联涉及各种伙伴异二聚体,如脂肪酸受体和二十烷受体/过氧化物酶体增殖激活受体(PPARs)、胆固醇受体/肝 X 受体(LXRs)、维生素 D 受体(VDR)和维生素 A(1)受体/维甲酸受体(RARs)。因此,维生素 A5/X 的营养供应可能是一个总体营养依赖性开关,可启动这一庞大的激素信号通路级联,因此对于保证整个生物体的稳态十分重要。研究表明,RXR 介导的信号转导依赖于维生素 A5/X,其直接作用是通过系统或直接在大脑中介导有益的生理和神经保护功能。总之,通过控制多巴胺信号、淀粉样蛋白 β 清除、神经保护和神经炎症,维生素 A5/X - RXR - RAR - 维生素 A(1)信号可能是良好的心理健康、健康的大脑衰老以及防止吸毒成瘾和预防一系列神经系统疾病所必需的 "关键因素 "之一,甚至是 "关键因素"。同样,维生素 A5/X - RXR - 非 RAR 依赖性信号传导与髓鞘化/再髓鞘化和吞噬/脑清理相关,也将有助于此类调节。在这篇综述中,我们将讨论神经系统的基本科学背景、逻辑联系和营养/药物专家建议,特别是考虑到大脑的老化问题。
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引用次数: 0
A micronutrient supplement modulates homocysteine levels regardless of vitamin B biostatus in elderly subjects. 无论维生素 B 的生物状态如何,微量营养素补充剂都能调节老年人的同型半胱氨酸水平。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000777
Marija Savic-Hartwig, Felix Kerlikowsky, Edda van de Flierdt, Andreas Hahn, Jan Philipp Schuchardt

Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) levels (≥15 μmol/L) in the elderly are frequently associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. Several studies have already shown an Hcy-lowering effect of B vitamin supplementation in cohorts deficient in these nutrients. The aim of this randomized, double-blinded 12-week intervention study was to investigate whether Hcy levels in healthy elderly subjects (75.4±4.5 years, n=133) could be lowered with a micronutrient supplement (i.e., 400 μg folic acid, 100 μg cobalamin). Difference in mean initial Hcy levels between intervention (17.6±7.1 μmol/L, n=65) and placebo group (18.9±6.1 μmol/L, n=68) was not significant. The prevalence of cobalamin and folate deficiency in the total study population was low: 27% had serum-cobalamin levels ≤150 pmol/L, 12% holo-transcobalamin (Holo-TC) levels ≤50 pmol/L, 13% low cobalamin status using the aggregated cobalamin marker 4cB12 and 10% red blood cell (RBC) folate ≤570 nmol/L. Nevertheless, the treated subjects still showed improved cobalamin and folate biostatus (serum cobalamin Δt12-t0: 63±48 pmol/L; Holo-TC Δt12-t0: 17±19 pmol/L; RBC folate Δt12-t0: 326±253 nmol/L) and Hcy levels (Δt12-t0: -3.6±5.7 μmol/L). The effects were statistically significant compared to the placebo group with p=0.005 (serum cobalamin), p=0.021 (Holo-TC), p=0.014 (RBC-folate) and p<0.001 (Hcy). The Hcy-lowering effect was dependent on the initial Hcy levels (p<0.001). Our findings suggest that elevated Hcy levels in elderly subjects can be lowered regardless of the initial cobalamin and folate biostatus.

老年人同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平升高(≥15 μmol/L)往往与心血管疾病和认知能力下降的风险较高有关。已有多项研究表明,在缺乏 B 族维生素的人群中补充 B 族维生素具有降低 Hcy 的作用。这项为期 12 周的随机、双盲干预研究旨在探讨健康老年人(75.4±4.5 岁,n=133)的 Hcy 水平是否可以通过补充微量营养素(即 400 微克叶酸和 100 微克钴胺素)来降低。干预组(17.6±7.1 μmol/L,n=65)与安慰剂组(18.9±6.1 μmol/L,n=68)的初始平均 Hcy 水平差异不显著。在所有研究对象中,钴胺素和叶酸缺乏症的发病率较低:27%的研究对象血清钴胺素水平低于150 pmol/L,12%的研究对象全反式钴胺素(Holo-TC)水平低于50 pmol/L,13%的研究对象钴胺素聚集标记物4cB12水平较低,10%的研究对象红血球(RBC)叶酸水平低于570 nmol/L。不过,接受治疗的受试者的钴胺素和叶酸生物状态仍有所改善(血清钴胺素 Δt12-t0:63±48 pmol/L; Holo-TC Δt12-t0:17±19 pmol/L;红细胞叶酸 Δt12-t0:326±253 nmol/L)和 Hcy 水平(Δt12-t0:-3.6±5.7 μmol/L)。与安慰剂组相比,疗效具有统计学意义,p=0.005(血清钴胺素)、p=0.021(Holo-TC)、p=0.014(RBC-叶酸)和 p
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引用次数: 0
Association between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer. 海鲜摄入量与甲状腺癌风险之间的关系。
IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-04 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000774
Seung-Hee Hong, Seung-Kwon Myung

Background: Previous observational epidemiological studies such as case-control studies and cohort studies have reported inconsistent results regarding the associations between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer. Materials and methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE in August 2021 using keywords related to seafood intake and thyroid cancer. A pooled odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results: We included 17 observational studies with 13 case-control studies and 4 cohort studies, which included 4,309 thyroid cancer patients among 599,161 participants. In the random effects model meta-analysis of all 17 studies, we found that there was no significant association between seafood intake (highest vs. lowest intake) and the risk of thyroid cancer (OR or RR, 1.01; 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.19; I2=51.4%). Although the associations were not statistically significant, subgroup meta-analyses by study design showed opposite findings: seafood intake decreased the risk of thyroid cancer in case-control studies (OR or RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.19; I2=60.6%; n=13) but increased in cohort studies (OR or RR, 1.14; 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.35; I2=0.0%; n=4). Conclusion: The current meta-analysis of observational epidemiological studies found that that overall, there was no significant association between seafood intake and the risk of thyroid cancer. However, given that cohort studies give us a higher level of evidence than case-control studies, further prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm the association between them.

背景:以往的观察性流行病学研究(如病例对照研究和队列研究)在海鲜摄入量与甲状腺癌风险之间的关系方面报告了不一致的结果。材料和方法:我们使用与海鲜摄入量和甲状腺癌相关的关键词检索了 2021 年 8 月的 PubMed 和 EMBASE。我们计算了汇总的几率比(OR)或相对风险(RR)及其 95% 的置信区间(CI)。结果我们纳入了 17 项观察性研究,包括 13 项病例对照研究和 4 项队列研究,在 599 161 名参与者中纳入了 4 309 名甲状腺癌患者。在对所有 17 项研究进行的随机效应模型荟萃分析中,我们发现海鲜摄入量(最高摄入量与最低摄入量)与甲状腺癌风险之间没有显著关联(OR 或 RR,1.01;95% CI:0.86 至 1.19;I2=51.4%)。虽然这些关联在统计上并不显著,但按研究设计进行的分组荟萃分析显示了相反的结果:在病例对照研究中,海鲜摄入量会降低甲状腺癌的风险(OR 或 RR,0.94;95% CI:0.74 至 1.19;I2=60.6%;n=13),但在队列研究中,海鲜摄入量会增加甲状腺癌的风险(OR 或 RR,1.14;95% CI:0.97 至 1.35;I2=0.0%;n=4)。结论目前对观察性流行病学研究进行的荟萃分析发现,总体而言,海产品摄入量与甲状腺癌风险之间没有显著关联。不过,鉴于队列研究比病例对照研究能提供更高水平的证据,因此有必要进一步开展前瞻性队列研究,以确认两者之间的关联。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research
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