Background: To conduct a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of current findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function in both healthy individuals and people with specific health conditions, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant RCTs published prior to April 2022. Methods: We estimated the change in liver function parameters for each 5 g/d increment in soluble fiber in each trial and then calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95%CI. A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms (1744 subjects; 884 cases, 860 controls) were included. Results: A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms were included. The intervention duration of the included studies ranged from 3 to 52 weeks and the dose of soluble fiber supplementation varied from 0.0025 to 40 g/d. Soluble fiber supplementation could not significantly affect serum alanine transaminase (MD: -0.02 U/L, 95% CI: -1.06 to 1.01), aspartate transaminase (MD: -0.34 U/L, 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.15), alkaline phosphatase (MD: 0.29 U/L, -0.14 to 0.71), gamma-glutamyl transferase (MD: 0.12 U/L; 95% CI: -0.81 to 1.05), serum bilirubin (MD: 0.42μmol/L, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.93) and albumin (MD: 0.64 g/dl, 95% CI: -0.42 to 1.70) levels. Conclusions: Findings from this study did not support the beneficial effects of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function biomarkers. There is a need for long-term high-quality interventions to examine the effects of different types and doses of soluble fibers on liver function as primary outcome.
{"title":"No benefit of soluble fiber on liver function.","authors":"Abed Ghavami, Sepide Talebi, Hanieh Barghchi, Elyas Nattagh-Eshtivani, Hamed Mohammadi, Rahele Ziaei","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000800","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> To conduct a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of current findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function in both healthy individuals and people with specific health conditions, PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant RCTs published prior to April 2022. <i>Methods:</i> We estimated the change in liver function parameters for each 5 g/d increment in soluble fiber in each trial and then calculated the mean difference (MD) and 95%CI. A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms (1744 subjects; 884 cases, 860 controls) were included. <i>Results:</i> A total of 25 RCTs with 27 treatment arms were included. The intervention duration of the included studies ranged from 3 to 52 weeks and the dose of soluble fiber supplementation varied from 0.0025 to 40 g/d. Soluble fiber supplementation could not significantly affect serum alanine transaminase (MD: -0.02 U/L, 95% CI: -1.06 to 1.01), aspartate transaminase (MD: -0.34 U/L, 95% CI: -0.84 to 0.15), alkaline phosphatase (MD: 0.29 U/L, -0.14 to 0.71), gamma-glutamyl transferase (MD: 0.12 U/L; 95% CI: -0.81 to 1.05), serum bilirubin (MD: 0.42μmol/L, 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.93) and albumin (MD: 0.64 g/dl, 95% CI: -0.42 to 1.70) levels. <i>Conclusions:</i> Findings from this study did not support the beneficial effects of soluble fiber supplementation on liver function biomarkers. There is a need for long-term high-quality interventions to examine the effects of different types and doses of soluble fibers on liver function as primary outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":" ","pages":"394-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000805
Parisa Ghanbari, Roghayeh Alboebadi, Hadi Bazyar, Davoud Raiesi, Ahmad ZareJavid, Mohammad Karim Azadbakht, Mahdi Karimi, Hamidreza Razmi
Background: Despite rising non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and its impact on liver health, there's a lack of studies on grape seed extract's (GSE) effect on oxidative stress and quality of life (QoL) in NAFLD patients. This study aims to fill this gap by the potential benefits of GSE in reducing oxidative stress and improving QoL. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study, fifty patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive either 2 tablets of GSE containing 250 mg of proanthocyanidins or placebo (25 participants in each group) for two months. QoL was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire, and oxidative stress variables (TAC, MDA, SOD, GPx, CAT, and IL-6) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. Results: Compared with the control group, the group supplemented with GSE experienced greater reductions in IL-6 and MDA (3.14±1.43 pg/ml vs. 2.80±0.31 pg/ml; 4.16±2.09 μM vs. 4.59±1.19 μM, p for all <0.05), as well as greater increases in TAC, SOD, and GPx levels (0.18±0.08 mM vs. -0.03±0.09 mM; 10.5±6.69 U/ml vs. 8.93±1.63 U/ml; 14.7±13.4 U/ml vs. 8.24±3.03 U/ml, p for all <0.05). Furthermore, the QoL questionnaire showed that physical limitations, general health, and total physical health were significantly improved in the GSE group compared with the placebo (17.0±42.0 vs. -12.0±37.5; 3.80±14.8 vs. -3.92±9.55; 5.08 5.26 vs. -7.01±13.7, p for all <0.05). Conclusions: GSE can be effective in improving oxidative stress and QoL in patients with NAFLD. More studies are needed to confirm the results of this study.
背景:尽管非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的发病率不断上升,对肝脏健康的影响也越来越大,但关于葡萄籽提取物(GSE)对非酒精性脂肪肝患者氧化应激和生活质量(QoL)的影响却缺乏研究。本研究旨在通过 GSE 在降低氧化应激和改善 QoL 方面的潜在益处来填补这一空白。研究方法在这项随机临床试验研究中,50 名非酒精性脂肪肝患者被随机分配接受 2 片含有 250 毫克原花青素的 GSE 或安慰剂(每组 25 人),为期两个月。使用 SF-36 问卷评估 QoL,并在研究开始和结束时测量氧化应激变量(TAC、MDA、SOD、GPx、CAT 和 IL-6)。结果显示与对照组相比,补充 GSE 的组 IL-6 和 MDA 的下降幅度更大(3.14±1.43 pg/ml vs. 2.80±0.31 pg/ml;4.16±2.09 μM vs. 4.59±1.19 μM,均为 p 结论:GSE 可以有效改善氧化应激:GSE 能有效改善非酒精性脂肪肝患者的氧化应激和 QoL。需要更多的研究来证实本研究的结果。
{"title":"Grape seed extract supplementation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.","authors":"Parisa Ghanbari, Roghayeh Alboebadi, Hadi Bazyar, Davoud Raiesi, Ahmad ZareJavid, Mohammad Karim Azadbakht, Mahdi Karimi, Hamidreza Razmi","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000805","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Despite rising non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence and its impact on liver health, there's a lack of studies on grape seed extract's (GSE) effect on oxidative stress and quality of life (QoL) in NAFLD patients. This study aims to fill this gap by the potential benefits of GSE in reducing oxidative stress and improving QoL. <i>Methods:</i> In this randomized clinical trial study, fifty patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive either 2 tablets of GSE containing 250 mg of proanthocyanidins or placebo (25 participants in each group) for two months. QoL was evaluated using the SF-36 questionnaire, and oxidative stress variables (TAC, MDA, SOD, GPx, CAT, and IL-6) were measured at the beginning and end of the study. <i>Results:</i> Compared with the control group, the group supplemented with GSE experienced greater reductions in IL-6 and MDA (3.14±1.43 pg/ml vs. 2.80±0.31 pg/ml; 4.16±2.09 μM vs. 4.59±1.19 μM, p for all <0.05), as well as greater increases in TAC, SOD, and GPx levels (0.18±0.08 mM vs. -0.03±0.09 mM; 10.5±6.69 U/ml vs. 8.93±1.63 U/ml; 14.7±13.4 U/ml vs. 8.24±3.03 U/ml, p for all <0.05). Furthermore, the QoL questionnaire showed that physical limitations, general health, and total physical health were significantly improved in the GSE group compared with the placebo (17.0±42.0 vs. -12.0±37.5; 3.80±14.8 vs. -3.92±9.55; 5.08 5.26 vs. -7.01±13.7, p for all <0.05). <i>Conclusions:</i> GSE can be effective in improving oxidative stress and QoL in patients with NAFLD. More studies are needed to confirm the results of this study.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":" ","pages":"365-376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139989989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Adequate evidence supports beneficial effects of plant-derived phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes (T2D). Among phytochemicals, dietary flavonoids is one of the superb candidates. The whole studies are carried out in Western populations, so it is needed to investigate the risk of T2D by dietary flavonoid intakes in ethnic origins and other regions to confirm these relations. This study was conducted to investigate whether the daily consumption of total flavonoid and its subclasses can affect the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Iranian population. Methods: Eligible adults (n=6547) were selected from among participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study with an average follow-up of 3.0 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the development of T2D in relation to total intake of flavonoids. Results: This study was conducted on 2882 men and 3665 women, aged 41.3±14.6 and 39.0±13.4 years, respectively. After adjustment for several potential confounders (age, sex, diabetes risk score, physical activity, energy, fiber and total fat intakes), risk of T2D decreased from tertiles 1 to 3 for flavonols (HR (95% CI): 1.00, 0.86 (0.64-1.16), 0.87 (0.63-0.93), Ptrend=0.01) and isoflavonoids (HR (95% CI): 1.00, 0.84 (0.62-1.13), 0.64 (0.46-0.88), Ptrend=0.02), whereas non-significant results were found for total flavonoid and other subclasses of flavonoid. Conclusion: These results emphasize the potential protective role of flavonols and isoflavonoids rich food (e.g. apple, tea, soy, and dark chocolate) in the prevention of T2D.
{"title":"Higher dietary flavonol and isoflavonoid intakes are associated with lower incidence of type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Zohreh Esfandiar, Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani, Parvin Mirmiran, Fereidoun Azizi","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000782","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Adequate evidence supports beneficial effects of plant-derived phytochemicals against type 2 diabetes (T2D). Among phytochemicals, dietary flavonoids is one of the superb candidates. The whole studies are carried out in Western populations, so it is needed to investigate the risk of T2D by dietary flavonoid intakes in ethnic origins and other regions to confirm these relations. This study was conducted to investigate whether the daily consumption of total flavonoid and its subclasses can affect the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Iranian population. <i>Methods:</i> Eligible adults (<i>n</i>=6547) were selected from among participants of the Tehran lipid and glucose study with an average follow-up of 3.0 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a valid and reliable 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the development of T2D in relation to total intake of flavonoids. <i>Results:</i> This study was conducted on 2882 men and 3665 women, aged 41.3±14.6 and 39.0±13.4 years, respectively. After adjustment for several potential confounders (age, sex, diabetes risk score, physical activity, energy, fiber and total fat intakes), risk of T2D decreased from tertiles 1 to 3 for flavonols (HR (95% CI): 1.00, 0.86 (0.64-1.16), 0.87 (0.63-0.93), P<sub>trend</sub>=0.01) and isoflavonoids (HR (95% CI): 1.00, 0.84 (0.62-1.13), 0.64 (0.46-0.88), P<sub>trend</sub>=0.02), whereas non-significant results were found for total flavonoid and other subclasses of flavonoid. <i>Conclusion:</i> These results emphasize the potential protective role of flavonols and isoflavonoids rich food (e.g. apple, tea, soy, and dark chocolate) in the prevention of T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":" ","pages":"163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9277238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2023-08-11DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000790
Fernando J Ribeiro, Rui Poínhos
Background: esports, or organized video game competitions, have been expanding quickly. The use of dietary supplements by esports players appears vulgarized but lacks supporting evidence. Objectives: To outline studies that tested the effects of dietary supplements on video gaming, summarize their findings, highlight knowledge gaps, and recommend future research. Eligibility criteria: Clinical trials published in English between 1990 and 2023 that assessed the effects of dietary supplements on the cognitive performance of video gamers. Sources of evidence: The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Charting methods: PRISMA's (2020) flow diagram was used to create the data chart. Results: Sixteen studies were outlined. Thirteen were randomized, thirteen applied acute interventions, ten applied a crossover design and only three weren't placebo-controlled. Of the 10 studies that included caffeine (40-200 mg), four reported significant positive effects on cognition (attention, processing speed, working memory), two on first-person shooter video gaming performance (reaction time, hit accuracy, time to hit 60 targets), and one on Tetris game score. All 3 studies that included arginine silicate (1500 mg) reported significant improvements in one or more aspects of cognition (reaction time, attention, visual representation, and spatial planning). Two studies that tested sucrose (21 and 26.8 g) didn't report significant improvements, while one study that tested 26.1 g of glucose registered significant positive effects on processing speed and sustained attention. Conclusions: The published literature has focused on the effects of caffeine, which may exert both positive and negative effects on esports players. Additional, high-quality research is needed.
{"title":"Nootropic supplements for esports.","authors":"Fernando J Ribeiro, Rui Poínhos","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000790","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000790","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> esports, or organized video game competitions, have been expanding quickly. The use of dietary supplements by esports players appears vulgarized but lacks supporting evidence. <i>Objectives:</i> To outline studies that tested the effects of dietary supplements on video gaming, summarize their findings, highlight knowledge gaps, and recommend future research. <i>Eligibility criteria:</i> Clinical trials published in English between 1990 and 2023 that assessed the effects of dietary supplements on the cognitive performance of video gamers. <i>Sources of evidence:</i> The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. <i>Charting methods:</i> PRISMA's (2020) flow diagram was used to create the data chart. <i>Results:</i> Sixteen studies were outlined. Thirteen were randomized, thirteen applied acute interventions, ten applied a crossover design and only three weren't placebo-controlled. Of the 10 studies that included caffeine (40-200 mg), four reported significant positive effects on cognition (attention, processing speed, working memory), two on first-person shooter video gaming performance (reaction time, hit accuracy, time to hit 60 targets), and one on Tetris game score. All 3 studies that included arginine silicate (1500 mg) reported significant improvements in one or more aspects of cognition (reaction time, attention, visual representation, and spatial planning). Two studies that tested sucrose (21 and 26.8 g) didn't report significant improvements, while one study that tested 26.1 g of glucose registered significant positive effects on processing speed and sustained attention. <i>Conclusions:</i> The published literature has focused on the effects of caffeine, which may exert both positive and negative effects on esports players. Additional, high-quality research is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":" ","pages":"275-295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10346290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000799
Eazaz Lbban, Alex Macey, Joshua Rundle, Ammar Ashor, Iskandar Idris, Mario Siervo
Background: Co-administration of vitamin C and inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) may reduce oxidative stress, boost the conversion of nitrite ([Formula: see text]) into NO and elicit positive vascular effects. Aims: We aimed to test the effects of oral inorganic [Formula: see text] and vitamin C co-supplementation on vascular function, muscular strength, and on concentrations of urinary [Formula: see text], vitamin C, 8-isoprostanes and salivary [Formula: see text] in healthy young adults. Methods: Ten young healthy participants were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind (only for the [Formula: see text] intervention) crossover clinical trial. Participants consumed in random order: 1) nitrate-rich beetroot juice and vitamin C (N+VC), 2) nitrate-rich beetroot juice alone (N) or 3) nitrate-depleted beetroot juice alone (ND). Resting blood pressure (BP) was measured at the research centre and at home. Non-invasive, continuous measurements of BP and cardiac function parameters were performed using a Finometer device. Free-living physical activity and hand-grip strength were assessed. Salivary [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and urinary [Formula: see text], 8-isoprostanes and vitamin C concentrations were measured. Results: There were no significant differences for any of the vascular outcomes between the three interventions groups. However, analyses of within-intervention changes showed a significant lower daily systolic BP in the [Formula: see text]+vitamin C (N+VC) group only (P=0.04). Urinary [Formula: see text] (P=0.002) and salivary [Formula: see text] (P=0.001) were significantly higher in the N+VC group compared to the N and ND groups. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest that combining dietary [Formula: see text] with vitamin C could have protective effects on vascular function in young adults and could represent an effective strategy for the maintenance of healthy cardiovascular trajectories.
{"title":"Effects of dietary nitrate and vitamin C co-ingestion on blood pressure and hand-grip strength in young adults.","authors":"Eazaz Lbban, Alex Macey, Joshua Rundle, Ammar Ashor, Iskandar Idris, Mario Siervo","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000799","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Co-administration of vitamin C and inorganic nitrate ([Formula: see text]) may reduce oxidative stress, boost the conversion of nitrite ([Formula: see text]) into NO and elicit positive vascular effects. <i>Aims:</i> We aimed to test the effects of oral inorganic [Formula: see text] and vitamin C co-supplementation on vascular function, muscular strength, and on concentrations of urinary [Formula: see text], vitamin C, 8-isoprostanes and salivary [Formula: see text] in healthy young adults. <i>Methods:</i> Ten young healthy participants were enrolled in a randomised, double-blind (only for the [Formula: see text] intervention) crossover clinical trial. Participants consumed in random order: 1) nitrate-rich beetroot juice and vitamin C (N+VC), 2) nitrate-rich beetroot juice alone (N) or 3) nitrate-depleted beetroot juice alone (ND). Resting blood pressure (BP) was measured at the research centre and at home. Non-invasive, continuous measurements of BP and cardiac function parameters were performed using a Finometer device. Free-living physical activity and hand-grip strength were assessed. Salivary [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and urinary [Formula: see text], 8-isoprostanes and vitamin C concentrations were measured. <i>Results:</i> There were no significant differences for any of the vascular outcomes between the three interventions groups. However, analyses of within-intervention changes showed a significant lower daily systolic BP in the [Formula: see text]+vitamin C (N+VC) group only (P=0.04). Urinary [Formula: see text] (P=0.002) and salivary [Formula: see text] (P=0.001) were significantly higher in the N+VC group compared to the N and ND groups. <i>Conclusion:</i> These preliminary findings suggest that combining dietary [Formula: see text] with vitamin C could have protective effects on vascular function in young adults and could represent an effective strategy for the maintenance of healthy cardiovascular trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":" ","pages":"342-353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71481312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to previous studies, astaxanthin exerts various biological effects due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities; however, its effects on liver enzymes have not yet been well elucidated. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess astaxanthin's effects on liver enzymes. A systematic literature search was conducted using scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar up to February 2023 to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). A random-effects model was used for the estimation of the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD). Overall, we included five trials involving 196 subjects. The duration of the intervention was between 4 and 48 weeks, and the dose was between 6 and 12 mg/day. ALT levels increased in the intervention group compared to the control group following astaxanthin supplementation (WMD: 1.92 U/L, 95% CI: 0.16 to 3.68, P=0.03), whereas supplementation with astaxanthin had a non-significant effect on AST (WMD: 0.72 U/L, 95% CI: -0.85 to 2.29, P=0.36), GGT (WMD: 0.48 U/L, 95% CI: -2.71 to 3.67, P=0.76), and ALP levels (WMD: 2.85 U/L, 95% CI: -7.94 to 13.63, P=0.60) compared to the placebo group. Our data showed that astaxanthin supplementation increases ALT concentrations in adults without affecting the levels of other liver enzymes. Further long-term and well-designed RCTs are necessary to assess and confirm these findings.
根据以往的研究,虾青素因其抗炎和抗氧化能力而具有多种生物效应,但其对肝酶的影响尚未得到很好的阐明。因此,我们进行了一项荟萃分析,以评估虾青素对肝酶的影响。我们使用科学数据库(包括PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Cochrane数据库和Google Scholar)对截至2023年2月的文献进行了系统检索,以找到相关的随机对照试验(RCT),研究虾青素补充剂对丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的影响。采用随机效应模型估算汇总加权平均差(WMD)。我们共纳入了五项试验,涉及 196 名受试者。干预时间为 4 至 48 周,剂量为 6 至 12 毫克/天。与对照组相比,补充虾青素后干预组的谷丙转氨酶水平升高(WMD:1.92 U/L,95% CI:0.16 至 3.68,P=0.03),而补充虾青素对谷草转氨酶的影响不显著(WMD:0.72 U/L, 95% CI: -0.85 to 2.29, P=0.36), GGT (WMD: 0.48 U/L, 95% CI: -2.71 to 3.67, P=0.76), and ALP levels (WMD: 2.85 U/L, 95% CI: -7.94 to 13.63, P=0.60) compared to the placebo group.我们的数据显示,补充虾青素可提高成人的谷丙转氨酶浓度,但不会影响其他肝酶的水平。有必要进一步进行长期和精心设计的研究性试验,以评估和证实这些发现。
{"title":"The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on liver enzyme levels.","authors":"Hoda Arefpour, Niloufar Rasaei, Mohammad Reza Amini, Marieh Salavatizadeh, Mohtaram Hashemi, Maede Makhtoomi, Mahdi Hajiaqaei, Mohammad Gholizadeh, Moein Askarpour, Azita Hekmatdoost","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000804","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> According to previous studies, astaxanthin exerts various biological effects due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities; however, its effects on liver enzymes have not yet been well elucidated. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess astaxanthin's effects on liver enzymes. A systematic literature search was conducted using scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar up to February 2023 to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). A random-effects model was used for the estimation of the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD). Overall, we included five trials involving 196 subjects. The duration of the intervention was between 4 and 48 weeks, and the dose was between 6 and 12 mg/day. ALT levels increased in the intervention group compared to the control group following astaxanthin supplementation (WMD: 1.92 U/L, 95% CI: 0.16 to 3.68, P=0.03), whereas supplementation with astaxanthin had a non-significant effect on AST (WMD: 0.72 U/L, 95% CI: -0.85 to 2.29, P=0.36), GGT (WMD: 0.48 U/L, 95% CI: -2.71 to 3.67, P=0.76), and ALP levels (WMD: 2.85 U/L, 95% CI: -7.94 to 13.63, P=0.60) compared to the placebo group. Our data showed that astaxanthin supplementation increases ALT concentrations in adults without affecting the levels of other liver enzymes. Further long-term and well-designed RCTs are necessary to assess and confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":" ","pages":"434-442"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139971824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2023-11-27DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000801
Gilberto Jaquez-Durán, Ana Lidia Arellano-Ortiz
Intestinal permeability is a physiological property that allows necessary molecules to enter the organism. This property is regulated by tight junction proteins located between intestinal epithelial cells. However, various factors can increase intestinal permeability (IIP), including diet. Specific components in the Western diet (WD), such as monosaccharides, fat, gluten, salt, alcohol, and additives, can affect the tight junctions between enterocytes, leading to increased permeability. This review explains how these components promote IIP and outlines their potential implications for health. In addition, we describe how a reduction in WD consumption may help improve dietary treatment of diseases associated with IIP. Research has shown that some of these components can cause changes in the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis, which can promote greater intestinal permeability and displacement of endotoxins into the bloodstream. These endotoxins include lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacteria, and their presence has been associated with various diseases, such as autoimmune, neurological, and metabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, nutrition professionals should promote the reduction of WD consumption and consider the inclusion of healthy diet components as part of the nutritional treatment for diseases associated with increased intestinal permeability.
{"title":"Western diet components that increase intestinal permeability with implications on health.","authors":"Gilberto Jaquez-Durán, Ana Lidia Arellano-Ortiz","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000801","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> Intestinal permeability is a physiological property that allows necessary molecules to enter the organism. This property is regulated by tight junction proteins located between intestinal epithelial cells. However, various factors can increase intestinal permeability (IIP), including diet. Specific components in the Western diet (WD), such as monosaccharides, fat, gluten, salt, alcohol, and additives, can affect the tight junctions between enterocytes, leading to increased permeability. This review explains how these components promote IIP and outlines their potential implications for health. In addition, we describe how a reduction in WD consumption may help improve dietary treatment of diseases associated with IIP. Research has shown that some of these components can cause changes in the gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis, which can promote greater intestinal permeability and displacement of endotoxins into the bloodstream. These endotoxins include lipopolysaccharides derived from gram-negative bacteria, and their presence has been associated with various diseases, such as autoimmune, neurological, and metabolic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, nutrition professionals should promote the reduction of WD consumption and consider the inclusion of healthy diet components as part of the nutritional treatment for diseases associated with increased intestinal permeability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":" ","pages":"405-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138444562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that begins before age 12. Given the role of B group vitamins in cell metabolism, synthesis of nucleotides, and neurotransmitters, the present study systematically investigated the plasma levels of vitamins B9 and B12 in children with ADHD. Methods: We searched electronic databases including Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Iran MEDEX, Cochran database, and SID from conception to June 2023. Full-text case-control or cross-sectional studies were included in this study. Participants in the case group were children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. Review Manager Software (RevMan 5.4) was used for statistical analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% CIs were used to determine the differences between the two groups. Results: Six studies were included in the present meta-analysis. They included 982 children, of whom, 204 were girls and 744 were boys. The mean age of the children was 8.86±2.03 years. The level of vitamin B9 was significantly different between children with and without ADHD [SMD -0.80, 95% CI (-1.55, -0.04)]. Vitamin B12 was significantly lower in children with ADHD [SMD -0.29, 95% CI (-0.42, -0.16)]. However, due to high heterogeneity (I2 = 93%), sensitivity analysis was used, I2 fell to 21%, and significant difference was observed between the two groups [SMD -0.19, 95% CI (-0.34, -0.04)]. Conclusion: The results of this systematic review showed that the level of vitamins B9 and B12 in children with ADHD was significantly lower than that in healthy children.
背景介绍注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)是一种常见的儿童神经发育障碍,发病年龄在 12 岁之前。鉴于 B 族维生素在细胞代谢、核苷酸合成和神经递质中的作用,本研究系统地调查了注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童血浆中维生素 B9 和 B12 的水平。研究方法我们检索了自构想至 2023 年 6 月的电子数据库,包括 Web of Science、MEDLINE、EMBASE、Scopus、Iran MEDEX、Cochran 数据库和 SID。本研究纳入了全文病例对照或横断面研究。病例组的参与者为 6-12 岁患有多动症的儿童。统计分析使用的是综述管理软件(RevMan 5.4)。使用标准化平均差 (SMD) 和 95% CIs 来确定两组之间的差异。结果本荟萃分析共纳入六项研究。共纳入 982 名儿童,其中 204 名女孩,744 名男孩。儿童的平均年龄为(8.86±2.03)岁。有多动症和没有多动症的儿童的维生素B9水平有显著差异[SMD -0.80,95% CI (-1.55, -0.04)]。多动症儿童的维生素B12含量明显较低[SMD -0.29,95% CI (-0.42, -0.16)]。然而,由于异质性较高(I2 = 93%),使用敏感性分析后,I2 降至 21%,两组之间出现了显著差异[SMD -0.19,95% CI (-0.34, -0.04)]。结论本系统综述的结果显示,多动症儿童的维生素B9和B12水平明显低于健康儿童。
{"title":"Vitamins B<sub>9</sub> and B<sub>12</sub> in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).","authors":"Fatemeh Razavinia, Atefeh Ebrahimiyan, Shahla Faal Siahkal, Neda Ghazinezhad, Parvin Abedi","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000809","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder that begins before age 12. Given the role of B group vitamins in cell metabolism, synthesis of nucleotides, and neurotransmitters, the present study systematically investigated the plasma levels of vitamins B<sub>9</sub> and B<sub>12</sub> in children with ADHD. <i>Methods:</i> We searched electronic databases including Web of Science, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Iran MEDEX, Cochran database, and SID from conception to June 2023. Full-text case-control or cross-sectional studies were included in this study. Participants in the case group were children with ADHD aged 6-12 years. Review Manager Software (RevMan 5.4) was used for statistical analyses. Standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% CIs were used to determine the differences between the two groups. <i>Results:</i> Six studies were included in the present meta-analysis. They included 982 children, of whom, 204 were girls and 744 were boys. The mean age of the children was 8.86±2.03 years. The level of vitamin B<sub>9</sub> was significantly different between children with and without ADHD [SMD -0.80, 95% CI (-1.55, -0.04)]. Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> was significantly lower in children with ADHD [SMD -0.29, 95% CI (-0.42, -0.16)]. However, due to high heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup> = 93%), sensitivity analysis was used, I<sup>2</sup> fell to 21%, and significant difference was observed between the two groups [SMD -0.19, 95% CI (-0.34, -0.04)]. <i>Conclusion:</i> The results of this systematic review showed that the level of vitamins B<sub>9</sub> and B<sub>12</sub> in children with ADHD was significantly lower than that in healthy children.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":"94 5-6","pages":"476-484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-01Epub Date: 2023-06-19DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000785
Stephanie J Davis, Sara A Arscott, Shellen Goltz, Cassidy Muir, Neil Binkley, Sherry A Tanumihardjo
The mass ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-α-hydroxyestrone (2:16) is hypothesized as a biomarker of breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, with higher ratios being theoretically protective. Cruciferous vegetable intake has been associated with higher urinary 2:16 in some studies. We investigated whether a whole-food supplement made from dried Brussels sprouts and kale would increase urinary 2:16 in comparison with placebo or cruciferous vegetables in women. This randomized, parallel arm, placebo-controlled, partly blinded study included 78 healthy premenopausal women (38-50 y) with screening urinary 2:16 ≤3.0. Subjects received either six capsules containing 550 mg dried Brussels sprouts and kale per capsule, 40 g daily alternating broccoli or Brussels sprouts, or placebo for eight weeks. Urinary 2:16 and creatinine were measured at baseline, four, and eight weeks. Intent-to-treat repeated measures-ANOVA with multiple imputation (n=100) for missing values identified no treatment effect (P=0.9) or treatment-by-time interaction (P=0.6); however, a significant time effect was noted (P=0.02). Per-protocol analyses including complete cases found no treatment effect (P=1) or treatment-by-time interaction (P=0.6); however, the significant time effect remained (P=0.03). Restricting analysis to subjects with >80% compliance maintained the time effect (P=0.02). Using Pearson correlations, android-pattern and android:gynoid fat were predictive of change (P≤0.05). In conclusion, neither cruciferous supplements nor an added vegetable serving altered urinary 2:16 in premenopausal women with eight weeks treatment. This ratio did vary with time, which is important for designing future trials.
{"title":"Urinary 2- to 16α-hydroxyestrone ratio did not change with cruciferous vegetable intake in premenopausal women.","authors":"Stephanie J Davis, Sara A Arscott, Shellen Goltz, Cassidy Muir, Neil Binkley, Sherry A Tanumihardjo","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000785","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> The mass ratio of urinary 2-hydroxyestrone to 16-α-hydroxyestrone (2:16) is hypothesized as a biomarker of breast cancer risk in premenopausal women, with higher ratios being theoretically protective. Cruciferous vegetable intake has been associated with higher urinary 2:16 in some studies. We investigated whether a whole-food supplement made from dried Brussels sprouts and kale would increase urinary 2:16 in comparison with placebo or cruciferous vegetables in women. This randomized, parallel arm, placebo-controlled, partly blinded study included 78 healthy premenopausal women (38-50 y) with screening urinary 2:16 ≤3.0. Subjects received either six capsules containing 550 mg dried Brussels sprouts and kale per capsule, 40 g daily alternating broccoli or Brussels sprouts, or placebo for eight weeks. Urinary 2:16 and creatinine were measured at baseline, four, and eight weeks. Intent-to-treat repeated measures-ANOVA with multiple imputation (<i>n</i>=100) for missing values identified no treatment effect (<i>P</i>=0.9) or treatment-by-time interaction (<i>P</i>=0.6); however, a significant time effect was noted (<i>P</i>=0.02). Per-protocol analyses including complete cases found no treatment effect (<i>P</i>=1) or treatment-by-time interaction (<i>P</i>=0.6); however, the significant time effect remained (<i>P</i>=0.03). Restricting analysis to subjects with >80% compliance maintained the time effect (<i>P</i>=0.02). Using Pearson correlations, android-pattern and android:gynoid fat were predictive of change (<i>P</i>≤0.05). In conclusion, neither cruciferous supplements nor an added vegetable serving altered urinary 2:16 in premenopausal women with eight weeks treatment. This ratio did vary with time, which is important for designing future trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":" ","pages":"177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9717333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Carotenoids have been reported to exert protective effects against age-related diseases via changes in DNA methylation. Although lower thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) DNA methylation is associated with age-related diseases, only a few studies have investigated the factors influencing TXNIP DNA methylation. Carotenoids may be a factor linking TXNIP to specific pathophysiological functions. The aim of this study was to examine whether serum carotenoid levels are associated with TXNIP DNA methylation levels. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using 376 health examination participants (169 men). DNA methylation levels were determined using a pyrosequencing assay. Serum carotenoid levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between TXNIP DNA methylation levels and serum carotenoid levels with adjustment for age, BMI, HbA1c, CRP, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, exercise habits, and percentage of neutrophils. Results: Multiple linear regression analyses showed that TXNIP DNA methylation levels were positively associated with serum levels of zeaxanthin/lutein (β [95%CI]: 1.935 [0.184, 3.685]), β-cryptoxanthin (1.447 [0.324, 2.570]), α-carotene (1.061 [0.044, 2.077]), β-carotene (1.272 [0.319, 2.226]), total carotenes (1.255 [0.040, 2.469]), total xanthophylls (2.133 [0.315, 3.951]), provitamin A (1.460 [0.402, 2.519]), and total carotenoids (1.972 [0.261, 3.683]) in men (all p<0.05). Of these, provitamin A showed the stronger association (standardized β=0.216). No significant association of TXNIP DNA methylation and serum carotenoid was observed in women. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that carotenoid intake may protect against age-related diseases by altering TXNIP DNA methylation status in men.
{"title":"Serum carotenoid levels are positively associated with DNA methylation of thioredoxin-interacting protein.","authors":"Keisuke Maeda, Hiroya Yamada, Eiji Munetsuna, Ryosuke Fujii, Mirai Yamazaki, Yoshitaka Ando, Genki Mizuno, Yoshiki Tsuboi, Hiroaki Ishikawa, Koji Ohashi, Shuji Hashimoto, Nobuyuki Hamajima, Koji Suzuki","doi":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000791","DOIUrl":"10.1024/0300-9831/a000791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b></b> <i>Background:</i> Carotenoids have been reported to exert protective effects against age-related diseases via changes in DNA methylation. Although lower <i>thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)</i> DNA methylation is associated with age-related diseases, only a few studies have investigated the factors influencing <i>TXNIP</i> DNA methylation. Carotenoids may be a factor linking TXNIP to specific pathophysiological functions. The aim of this study was to examine whether serum carotenoid levels are associated with <i>TXNIP</i> DNA methylation levels. <i>Methods:</i> We conducted a cross-sectional study using 376 health examination participants (169 men). DNA methylation levels were determined using a pyrosequencing assay. Serum carotenoid levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Multivariable regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between <i>TXNIP</i> DNA methylation levels and serum carotenoid levels with adjustment for age, BMI, HbA1c, CRP, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, exercise habits, and percentage of neutrophils. <i>Results:</i> Multiple linear regression analyses showed that <i>TXNIP</i> DNA methylation levels were positively associated with serum levels of zeaxanthin/lutein (<i>β</i> [95%CI]: 1.935 [0.184, 3.685]), β-cryptoxanthin (1.447 [0.324, 2.570]), α-carotene (1.061 [0.044, 2.077]), β-carotene (1.272 [0.319, 2.226]), total carotenes (1.255 [0.040, 2.469]), total xanthophylls (2.133 [0.315, 3.951]), provitamin A (1.460 [0.402, 2.519]), and total carotenoids (1.972 [0.261, 3.683]) in men (all <i>p</i><0.05). Of these, provitamin A showed the stronger association (standardized <i>β</i>=0.216). No significant association of <i>TXNIP</i> DNA methylation and serum carotenoid was observed in women. <i>Conclusions:</i> The findings of this study suggest that carotenoid intake may protect against age-related diseases by altering <i>TXNIP</i> DNA methylation status in men.</p>","PeriodicalId":13884,"journal":{"name":"International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research","volume":" ","pages":"210-220"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41119526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}