Pub Date : 2021-09-17DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.534456.1364
Bassam Qasim, M. H. Risan
Background: The genus Streptomyces Waksman & Henrici 1943 includes aerobic, gram-positive, and filamentous bacteria which produce well developed vegetative hyphae with branches. The wall consists of a large mixture of different compounds, including peptidoglycan, teichuronic acid, teichoic, and polysaccharides. The peptidoglycan components consist of glycan as a chains of irregular N-acetyl- d-muramic acid (NAM), diaminopimelic acid, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) and DAP, which is unique in the cell walls of prokaryotic microorganisms. The teichoic and teichuronic acid are chemically bonded to peptidoglycan. Methods: One gram of soil samples was used to make suspension, by adding 99 mL of sterile distilled water (stock suspension) into it and shaking it in a shaker at 160 rpm for 30 minutes at room temperature. Serial dilutions from 0.1-0.001 were made from the stock suspension, and left for 10 minutes. After shaking, 0.1 mL of each dilution was cultured on Yeast Extract and Malt Extract agar (YEME) with Streptomycin 50 ug/mL. The inoculated plates were incubated at 28 °C for 7 to 10 days. Based on cultural characteristics, suspected colonies of Streptomyces were selected, which are characterized as small, white, pin-point, rough, chalky, and a clear zone of inhibition around them. These colonies were confirmed their identification by types of Gram’s stain, aerial and substrate mycelium color, pigment production, and pigment color. Streptomyces were re-streaked on International Streptomyces project (ISP) to obtain pure colonies used for identification. Results: The current study aimed to screen bacteria Streptomyces isolates. Only 21 samples of soil were suspected to contain Streptomyces, and 45 isolates were obtained with different morphology types per samples of soil. The colonies suspects were selected basis on color that ranged from gray, white and creamy. The microscopic examination of local Streptomyces spp. after Gram-staining method was conducted. The observations revealed that local Streptomyces is gram positive and rod shaped similar to features of fungal in possessing branched mycelium. The Streptomyces produced extra cellular enzymes like amylase, urease, catalase, protease, Gelatinase, cellulase and phosphatase. Utilization of citrate was positive, with no Melanine reaction production and soluble pigmented, and negative for indole production. Conclusion: The identification of the Streptomyces is a very complex process. Morphological and biochemical characteristics are two important aspects for the classification in the Streptomycetaceae family. By studying the morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics, it is observed that the local isolates are belonging to the genus of Streptomyces.
{"title":"Screening of bacteria Streptomyces Waksman and Henrici 1943 (Streptomycetaceae) Isolates from Soil Samples in Iraq","authors":"Bassam Qasim, M. H. Risan","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.534456.1364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.534456.1364","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The genus Streptomyces Waksman & Henrici 1943 includes aerobic, gram-positive, and filamentous bacteria which produce well developed vegetative hyphae with branches. The wall consists of a large mixture of different compounds, including peptidoglycan, teichuronic acid, teichoic, and polysaccharides. The peptidoglycan components consist of glycan as a chains of irregular N-acetyl- d-muramic acid (NAM), diaminopimelic acid, and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) and DAP, which is unique in the cell walls of prokaryotic microorganisms. The teichoic and teichuronic acid are chemically bonded to peptidoglycan. \u0000Methods: One gram of soil samples was used to make suspension, by adding 99 mL of sterile distilled water (stock suspension) into it and shaking it in a shaker at 160 rpm for 30 minutes at room temperature. Serial dilutions from 0.1-0.001 were made from the stock suspension, and left for 10 minutes. After shaking, 0.1 mL of each dilution was cultured on Yeast Extract and Malt Extract agar (YEME) with Streptomycin 50 ug/mL. The inoculated plates were incubated at 28 °C for 7 to 10 days. Based on cultural characteristics, suspected colonies of Streptomyces were selected, which are characterized as small, white, pin-point, rough, chalky, and a clear zone of inhibition around them. These colonies were confirmed their identification by types of Gram’s stain, aerial and substrate mycelium color, pigment production, and pigment color. Streptomyces were re-streaked on International Streptomyces project (ISP) to obtain pure colonies used for identification. \u0000Results: The current study aimed to screen bacteria Streptomyces isolates. Only 21 samples of soil were suspected to contain Streptomyces, and 45 isolates were obtained with different morphology types per samples of soil. The colonies suspects were selected basis on color that ranged from gray, white and creamy. The microscopic examination of local Streptomyces spp. after Gram-staining method was conducted. The observations revealed that local Streptomyces is gram positive and rod shaped similar to features of fungal in possessing branched mycelium. The Streptomyces produced extra cellular enzymes like amylase, urease, catalase, protease, Gelatinase, cellulase and phosphatase. Utilization of citrate was positive, with no Melanine reaction production and soluble pigmented, and negative for indole production. \u0000Conclusion: The identification of the Streptomyces is a very complex process. Morphological and biochemical characteristics are two important aspects for the classification in the Streptomycetaceae family. By studying the morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics, it is observed that the local isolates are belonging to the genus of Streptomyces.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"340-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82158217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-14DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.534165.1361
Thamer A. A. Muhsen, M. H. Risan, Nawras N Alqaysi
Background: Candida Berkh. (1923) occurs naturally in the body. But it becomes opportunistic fungi, meaning that it infects humans when there is any weakening of the immune system, such as exposure to chemotherapy, diabetes, or organ transplantation. Most species of Candida grow at a temperature between 20-40 °C and have a pH of 3-8. Human pathogens of Candida species include C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. utili. C. albicans has many virulence factors that facilitate injury process. Virulence factors are considered as a measure of pathogenicity, and it is in the form of fungal toxins, enzymes, or cell structures that facilitate infection, as well as pathogen resistance in different conditions. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of some secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP) genes from some Candida species isolated from diabetic patientsMethods: Candida spp. were identified on CHROMagar medium by color of each species after incubation at 37 °C for 48 hours such as: C. krusei, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis. Germ tube formation test was used to distinguish between germ tube-forming species, such as C. albicans and C. dubliniensis , from those that do not produce germ tube. A portion of the isolation was taken and placed in a test tube containing 0.5 ml of serum, and then incubated at 37 °C for 2-4 hours. A drop of serum was taken out and examined under a microscope for the presence of the germ tube. Growth at 45 °C, has the advantage of distinguishing between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis by culturing Candida spp. on SDA medium and, incubation for 48-72 hours at 45 °C.Results: The results of isolation and diagnosis showed that Candida species grew at 37 °C for 48 hours on SDA medium, the shape of the colonies was round or oval-convex, and creamy white, shiny and smooth color. The results of the microscopic examination of the cells were spherical or oval, C. albicans was distinguished by its ability to grow at 45 °C and its ability to form the germ tube. The surface growth test showed the ability of C. tropicalis to grow surface on SDB medium. The medium of CHROMagar showed that C. albicans were light green in color. C. glabrata showed a pale pink color, while C. tropecalis showed a blue color and C. dublineiensis was dark green. DNA extracted samples, including 20 isolates, were used for four species of Candida, 1-9 C. albicans, 10-16 C. glabrata, 17-18 C. dubliniensis and 19-20 C. tropicalis. Parts of the body (mouth, vagina, Urine) detect SAP1 and SAP7 genes by PCR, and after electrophoresis of the PCR product, the results were positive for all Candida species studied as all isolates that contained SAP1 (578bp) and SAP7 (466bp).Conclusion: The SAP genes are among the main virulence factors for the occurrence of candidiasis. SAP1 and SAP7 genes are responsible for digesting and breaking down protein to penetrate the host's tissues.
{"title":"Candida Berkh. (1923) Species and Their Important Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases (SAP) Genes Isolated from Diabetic Patients","authors":"Thamer A. A. Muhsen, M. H. Risan, Nawras N Alqaysi","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.534165.1361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.534165.1361","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Candida Berkh. (1923) occurs naturally in the body. But it becomes opportunistic fungi, meaning that it infects humans when there is any weakening of the immune system, such as exposure to chemotherapy, diabetes, or organ transplantation. Most species of Candida grow at a temperature between 20-40 °C and have a pH of 3-8. Human pathogens of Candida species include C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis and C. utili. C. albicans has many virulence factors that facilitate injury process. Virulence factors are considered as a measure of pathogenicity, and it is in the form of fungal toxins, enzymes, or cell structures that facilitate infection, as well as pathogen resistance in different conditions. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of some secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAP) genes from some Candida species isolated from diabetic patientsMethods: Candida spp. were identified on CHROMagar medium by color of each species after incubation at 37 °C for 48 hours such as: C. krusei, C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis. Germ tube formation test was used to distinguish between germ tube-forming species, such as C. albicans and C. dubliniensis , from those that do not produce germ tube. A portion of the isolation was taken and placed in a test tube containing 0.5 ml of serum, and then incubated at 37 °C for 2-4 hours. A drop of serum was taken out and examined under a microscope for the presence of the germ tube. Growth at 45 °C, has the advantage of distinguishing between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis by culturing Candida spp. on SDA medium and, incubation for 48-72 hours at 45 °C.Results: The results of isolation and diagnosis showed that Candida species grew at 37 °C for 48 hours on SDA medium, the shape of the colonies was round or oval-convex, and creamy white, shiny and smooth color. The results of the microscopic examination of the cells were spherical or oval, C. albicans was distinguished by its ability to grow at 45 °C and its ability to form the germ tube. The surface growth test showed the ability of C. tropicalis to grow surface on SDB medium. The medium of CHROMagar showed that C. albicans were light green in color. C. glabrata showed a pale pink color, while C. tropecalis showed a blue color and C. dublineiensis was dark green. DNA extracted samples, including 20 isolates, were used for four species of Candida, 1-9 C. albicans, 10-16 C. glabrata, 17-18 C. dubliniensis and 19-20 C. tropicalis. Parts of the body (mouth, vagina, Urine) detect SAP1 and SAP7 genes by PCR, and after electrophoresis of the PCR product, the results were positive for all Candida species studied as all isolates that contained SAP1 (578bp) and SAP7 (466bp).Conclusion: The SAP genes are among the main virulence factors for the occurrence of candidiasis. SAP1 and SAP7 genes are responsible for digesting and breaking down protein to penetrate the host's tissues.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74916954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-09DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.522968.1342
S. Kianirad, Z. Mokhtari-Hosseini, Ashraf Hatamian-Zaremi, Moein Sarsangi, Sajad Afshar-Yegane, Rasool Setareyi, Ayat Azizi-Alavijeh, M. Haddadi
Background: Demand for degradable and biocompatible polymers is rapidly increasing, especially in the food packaging sector where it is highly encouraged by environmental management policies.Methods: This study aimed to prepare zein/Montmorillonite (MMT) and zein/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films by a high power ultrasonic probe method for use as a food coating. The film was produced through solvent casting method. In all the films, glycerol and Polyethylene glycol were used to improve the fragility properties. The biodegradability, color characteristics and surface roughness of the films were evaluated.Results: Based on the results of the statistical analysis, the clay dispersion method a, Montmorillonite (MMT) and poly (vinyl alcohol) content significantly affected the mechanical and properties of the composite films. The results showed that mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were improved in the presence of small amounts (up to 3%) of MMT, while increased montmorillonite percentage in the micro composite films weakened the mechanical properties of these films. It was also found that the addition of montmorillonite and poly (vinyl alcohol) increased the porosity of the film. Therefore, the use of high power sonication is a suitable method for producing protein-based nanocomposites with an exfoliated structure.Conclusions: as the nanocomposite films of zein, zein-polyvinyl alcohol and zein-montmorillonite are highly biodegradable, ntural and non-toxic, they are highly efficient in this field and can be used in food packaging.
{"title":"Preparation and Study of Physical Properties of Zein Based Composite Films as Food Coatings","authors":"S. Kianirad, Z. Mokhtari-Hosseini, Ashraf Hatamian-Zaremi, Moein Sarsangi, Sajad Afshar-Yegane, Rasool Setareyi, Ayat Azizi-Alavijeh, M. Haddadi","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.522968.1342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.522968.1342","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Demand for degradable and biocompatible polymers is rapidly increasing, especially in the food packaging sector where it is highly encouraged by environmental management policies.Methods: This study aimed to prepare zein/Montmorillonite (MMT) and zein/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films by a high power ultrasonic probe method for use as a food coating. The film was produced through solvent casting method. In all the films, glycerol and Polyethylene glycol were used to improve the fragility properties. The biodegradability, color characteristics and surface roughness of the films were evaluated.Results: Based on the results of the statistical analysis, the clay dispersion method a, Montmorillonite (MMT) and poly (vinyl alcohol) content significantly affected the mechanical and properties of the composite films. The results showed that mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were improved in the presence of small amounts (up to 3%) of MMT, while increased montmorillonite percentage in the micro composite films weakened the mechanical properties of these films. It was also found that the addition of montmorillonite and poly (vinyl alcohol) increased the porosity of the film. Therefore, the use of high power sonication is a suitable method for producing protein-based nanocomposites with an exfoliated structure.Conclusions: as the nanocomposite films of zein, zein-polyvinyl alcohol and zein-montmorillonite are highly biodegradable, ntural and non-toxic, they are highly efficient in this field and can be used in food packaging.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84281175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-06DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.537924.1366
Javadian Javadian, A. Alidadi, Mahmoud Ali Kikhvaei, A. A. Moghaddam
Background: Vitamin D, especially calcitriol (its active metabolite), increases gastrointestinal calcium absorption. Because urinary calcium excretion is associated with calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract; vitamin D metabolites could theoretically cause hypercalciuria. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between treatment and vitamin D supplementation on the rate of hypercalciuria in patients. Method: In the present double-blind randomized clinical trial, 90 patients (male-female) with urinary stones and serum vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL were evaluated. Patients were randomLy divided into two groups of 45 patients. One group was given 50,000 units of oral vitamin D weekly for up to 8 weeks. For the other group, the drug was given as a placebo for up to 8 weeks. Sampling was performed one month after the end of treatment. The data garnered from hospital records were inserted into SPSS software for analysis.Results: In the present study, the mean age of the subjects was 39.78 years. Also, out of 90 patients, 52 were male and 38 were female. Blood PTH levels decreased significantly after treatment in vitamin D group (P <0.001). Also, serum levels of vitamin D in this group showed a significant increase (P <0.001). However, in this study urinary calcium levels after treatment did not show significant changes (P = 0.680).Conclusion: The present study showed that in people with a history of kidney stones, taking vitamin D supplement alone for people with lower than standard serum levels of vitamin D did not show any significant difference in calcification. As a result, the therapeutic dose of this drug is recommended in patients with kidney stones according to the condition.
{"title":"Evaluation of Relationship between Vitamin D Supplementation Treatment and Hypercalciuria in Patients with Kidney Stones","authors":"Javadian Javadian, A. Alidadi, Mahmoud Ali Kikhvaei, A. A. Moghaddam","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.537924.1366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.537924.1366","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D, especially calcitriol (its active metabolite), increases gastrointestinal calcium absorption. Because urinary calcium excretion is associated with calcium absorption in the gastrointestinal tract; vitamin D metabolites could theoretically cause hypercalciuria. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between treatment and vitamin D supplementation on the rate of hypercalciuria in patients. Method: In the present double-blind randomized clinical trial, 90 patients (male-female) with urinary stones and serum vitamin D levels less than 30 ng/mL were evaluated. Patients were randomLy divided into two groups of 45 patients. One group was given 50,000 units of oral vitamin D weekly for up to 8 weeks. For the other group, the drug was given as a placebo for up to 8 weeks. Sampling was performed one month after the end of treatment. The data garnered from hospital records were inserted into SPSS software for analysis.Results: In the present study, the mean age of the subjects was 39.78 years. Also, out of 90 patients, 52 were male and 38 were female. Blood PTH levels decreased significantly after treatment in vitamin D group (P <0.001). Also, serum levels of vitamin D in this group showed a significant increase (P <0.001). However, in this study urinary calcium levels after treatment did not show significant changes (P = 0.680).Conclusion: The present study showed that in people with a history of kidney stones, taking vitamin D supplement alone for people with lower than standard serum levels of vitamin D did not show any significant difference in calcification. As a result, the therapeutic dose of this drug is recommended in patients with kidney stones according to the condition.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"352-361"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86463968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-05DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.139183.1335
Nur Rahmattullah, E. L. Arumingtyas, M. H. Widyananda, Alhuda Niftakhul Ahyar, I. Tabroni
Background: Plant-based remedies against Covid-19 and their research to discover antiviral compounds have been growing rapidly. However, there are little interest to explore and collect information of bioactive compounds of pepper (Capsicum sp.) to fight off the disease. This study aimed to bioinformatically explore and identify bioactive compounds in chili pepper fruits from four Capsicum species (C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens) which were compatible to fight off SARS-CoV-2 and provide indirect and direct virus inhibition from previous studies. Methods: Protein-ligand interactions were obtained from protein data bank (PDB), PubChem, and SwissModel for homology modeling. Docking was performed using PyRx and visualized using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer 2016. Results: Four chili pepper species were rich in organic acid compounds (100 times higher than carotenoids concentration; 0.2-156 mg/kg F.W). A type of fatty acids composition in seeds was slightly different from flesh and peels by the small amount of pharmaceutically valuable palmitoleic acids in seeds (approximately 30 mg/kg F.W). Composition of flavonoid relatively varied among the species but luteolin was found in all chili peppers (0.5-18 mg/kg F.W). Most of the compounds were actively interacting with 3CLPro rather than ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 which were well covered up by only 10 and 17 molecules respectively. Conclusion: Four chili pepper species contained bioactive compounds that are medicinally important to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
背景:针对Covid-19的植物疗法及其发现抗病毒化合物的研究一直在迅速发展。然而，对辣椒(Capsicum sp.)抗该病的生物活性物质的研究和收集却很少。本研究旨在从生物信息学上探索和鉴定四种辣椒品种(C. annuum, C. bacaccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens)果实中具有抗SARS-CoV-2相容性的生物活性化合物，并从先前的研究中提供间接和直接的病毒抑制。方法:从蛋白质数据库(PDB)、PubChem和SwissModel中获取蛋白质与配体的相互作用，进行同源性建模。对接使用PyRx进行，并使用BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer 2016进行可视化。结果:4种辣椒中有机酸类化合物含量均比类胡萝卜素含量高100倍;0.2 ~ 156 mg/kg F.W)。种子中的一种脂肪酸组成与果肉和果皮略有不同，因为种子中含有少量具有药用价值的棕榈油酸(约为30 mg/kg F.W)。黄酮类化合物的组成在不同品种间差异较大，但木犀草素在所有辣椒中均存在(0.5 ~ 18 mg/kg F.W)。与ACE-2和TMPRSS2相比，大多数化合物与3CLPro相互作用活跃，而ACE-2和TMPRSS2分别仅被10个和17个分子覆盖。结论:四种辣椒含有抗SARS-CoV-2感染的重要药用活性物质。
{"title":"Bioinformatics Analysis of Bioactive Compounds of Four Capsicum Species against SARS-CoV-2 Infection","authors":"Nur Rahmattullah, E. L. Arumingtyas, M. H. Widyananda, Alhuda Niftakhul Ahyar, I. Tabroni","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.139183.1335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.139183.1335","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Plant-based remedies against Covid-19 and their research to discover antiviral compounds have been growing rapidly. However, there are little interest to explore and collect information of bioactive compounds of pepper (Capsicum sp.) to fight off the disease. This study aimed to bioinformatically explore and identify bioactive compounds in chili pepper fruits from four Capsicum species (C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. chinense, C. frutescens) which were compatible to fight off SARS-CoV-2 and provide indirect and direct virus inhibition from previous studies. \u0000Methods: Protein-ligand interactions were obtained from protein data bank (PDB), PubChem, and SwissModel for homology modeling. Docking was performed using PyRx and visualized using BIOVIA Discovery Studio Visualizer 2016. \u0000Results: Four chili pepper species were rich in organic acid compounds (100 times higher than carotenoids concentration; 0.2-156 mg/kg F.W). A type of fatty acids composition in seeds was slightly different from flesh and peels by the small amount of pharmaceutically valuable palmitoleic acids in seeds (approximately 30 mg/kg F.W). Composition of flavonoid relatively varied among the species but luteolin was found in all chili peppers (0.5-18 mg/kg F.W). Most of the compounds were actively interacting with 3CLPro rather than ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 which were well covered up by only 10 and 17 molecules respectively. \u0000Conclusion: Four chili pepper species contained bioactive compounds that are medicinally important to fight against SARS-CoV-2 infection.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90942984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-29DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.526486.1355
Homa Hakimian, S. Rezaei‐Zarchi, Amaneh Javid
Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide and is also the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women in recent years. Herbs have been used for centuries to treat a variety of ailments, including cancers. Medicinal plants can be use d in pure form or in combination with others. Methods: In this study, after preparing the plant dry, extracts of Artemisia absinthium and Cuscuta epithymum were extracted by Soxhlet method. After Preparation of cell culture medium, Investigations continued. MTT test and Gap closure test were performed to evaluate the toxicity of Cuscuta Epithymum and Artemisia Absinthium Species on CP70 Ovarian Cancer Cells to Compared these two extracts mortality rate. Results: The lowest cell migration in 48 h was related to A. absinthium treatments with concentrations of 1: 100 and 1: 1000. The lowest cell migration in the period of 72h is related to the treatment of C. epithymum with a concentration of 1: 1000, which these results are less significant than the effect of A. absinthium. The lowest cell migration in the period of 72h is related to the treatment of C. epithymum with a concentration of 1: 1000, which these results are less significant than the effect of A. absinthium. Conclusions: MTT test showed that the treatment of plant extracts of C. epithymum and A. absinthium can disrupt the growth process as well as the migration and progression of CP70 cancer cells of ovarian cancer and cause cell apoptosis.
{"title":"The Toxicological effect of Cuscuta epithymum and Artemisia absinthium species on CP70 ovarian cancer cells","authors":"Homa Hakimian, S. Rezaei‐Zarchi, Amaneh Javid","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.526486.1355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.526486.1355","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide and is also the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women in recent years. Herbs have been used for centuries to treat a variety of ailments, including cancers. Medicinal plants can be use d in pure form or in combination with others. Methods: In this study, after preparing the plant dry, extracts of Artemisia absinthium and Cuscuta epithymum were extracted by Soxhlet method. After Preparation of cell culture medium, Investigations continued. MTT test and Gap closure test were performed to evaluate the toxicity of Cuscuta Epithymum and Artemisia Absinthium Species on CP70 Ovarian Cancer Cells to Compared these two extracts mortality rate. Results: The lowest cell migration in 48 h was related to A. absinthium treatments with concentrations of 1: 100 and 1: 1000. The lowest cell migration in the period of 72h is related to the treatment of C. epithymum with a concentration of 1: 1000, which these results are less significant than the effect of A. absinthium. The lowest cell migration in the period of 72h is related to the treatment of C. epithymum with a concentration of 1: 1000, which these results are less significant than the effect of A. absinthium. Conclusions: MTT test showed that the treatment of plant extracts of C. epithymum and A. absinthium can disrupt the growth process as well as the migration and progression of CP70 cancer cells of ovarian cancer and cause cell apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74137084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-24DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.525079.1349
F. Nayeri, S. Mafakheri, Maryam Mirhosseini, R. Sayyed
Background: The present study was aimed to examine the influence of extraction method on the morphology, physico-chemical characteristics and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from Melissa officinalis.Methods: AgNPs were prepared by two extraction methods. The properties of obtained nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, UV-Vis, XRD and FTIR techniques. SEM images showed different shape, size and morphology of AgNPs using two different extracts types.Results: The UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs by observing a distinct surface Plasmon resonance band around 450 nm. SEM images showed different shape, size and morphology of AgNPs using two different extracts types. AgNPs derived from the aqueous extract were rod-shaped with a diameter of 19 to 40 nm whereas spherical particles were synthesized by the methanolic extract found smaller with size distribution ranging from 13 to 35 nm. The XRD pattern indicated that AgNPs formed by the reduction of Ag+ ions using the methanolic extract were crystal-like in nature. The functional groups of the methanolic extract involved in synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs were investigated by FTIR. In addition, AgNPs containing methanolic extract showed higher antioxidant activity.Conclusion: The disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods revealed the antimicrobial potential of these particles exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and a fungus. The production of silver nanoparticles using plant extract is rapid, low cost and eco-friendly. Silver nanoparticles can be used as an antiseptic to sterilize the surrounding area and the hospital wastes.
{"title":"Phyto-Mediated silver nanoparticles via melissa officinalis aqueous and methanolic extracts: Synthesis, characterization and biological properties against infectious bacterial strains","authors":"F. Nayeri, S. Mafakheri, Maryam Mirhosseini, R. Sayyed","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.525079.1349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.525079.1349","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study was aimed to examine the influence of extraction method on the morphology, physico-chemical characteristics and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from Melissa officinalis.Methods: AgNPs were prepared by two extraction methods. The properties of obtained nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, UV-Vis, XRD and FTIR techniques. SEM images showed different shape, size and morphology of AgNPs using two different extracts types.Results: The UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs by observing a distinct surface Plasmon resonance band around 450 nm. SEM images showed different shape, size and morphology of AgNPs using two different extracts types. AgNPs derived from the aqueous extract were rod-shaped with a diameter of 19 to 40 nm whereas spherical particles were synthesized by the methanolic extract found smaller with size distribution ranging from 13 to 35 nm. The XRD pattern indicated that AgNPs formed by the reduction of Ag+ ions using the methanolic extract were crystal-like in nature. The functional groups of the methanolic extract involved in synthesis and stabilization of AgNPs were investigated by FTIR. In addition, AgNPs containing methanolic extract showed higher antioxidant activity.Conclusion: The disc diffusion and agar well diffusion methods revealed the antimicrobial potential of these particles exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and a fungus. The production of silver nanoparticles using plant extract is rapid, low cost and eco-friendly. Silver nanoparticles can be used as an antiseptic to sterilize the surrounding area and the hospital wastes.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"339 1","pages":"270-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80725451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-08DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.525721.1353
Mbayo Kitambala Marsi, Kalonda Mutombo Emery, Muhune K Simon, Numbi Wa Ilunga Evodie, Muyumba Nonga Welcome, L. Tresor, Misenga T Antoinette, D. Tantoh, Mbayo Mukala Joseph, Maloba Mwinesenge James, Mulamba Muidikija Jean, T. M. Mwene-Mbeja, Lumbu Simbi Jean-Baptiste
Background: Essential oils are volatile compounds characterized by a strong odor, and are generally biosynthesized by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. This paper aims to extract the essential oils of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara, and to evaluate their antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Methods: The aerial parts of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara were subjected to hydrodistillation to produce the essential oil. The antimicrobial potential was characterized against six microorganisms, signifying three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and one fungus(Candida albicans) by the disc diffusion method to determine the inhibition zone (in mm) and dilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: Essential oil extraction was carried out with an average yield of 0.21% for Lippia javanica, and 0.11% for Lantana camara. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity showed that Lippia javanica essential oil had a moderate inhibitory activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC: 0.76 mg/mL), on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.50 mg/mL). The Lantana camara essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against all strains tested. By diffusion disk method, it was found that Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most sensitive on Lippia javanica essential oil with an inhibition diameter, which evolved from 7 mm to 24 mm; followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21 mm), Escherichia coli (19 mm) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 mm) at 15 μL. By means of dilution method, the Lantana camara essential oil showed a low activity against Escherichia coli (MIC: 1.64 mg/mL), Klebsiella pneumonia (MIC: 1.64 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL), and Candida albicans (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL) but by disc diffusion method, this oil was slightly inhibitory activity on Escherichia coli (10 mm at 15 μL). For the antifungal activity, the Lantana camara essential oil, and Germicide were inactive on Candida albicans when tested by the disk method. Conclusion: The essential oil of Lippia javanica showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities, while the essential oil of Lantana camara showed low activity. The activities of essential oils studied were less than that of the gentamicin and more than the activity of Germicide, with two positive controls used.
{"title":"Investigation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of essential oils of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara (Verbenaceae) harvested in the Haut-Katanga (DR Congo)","authors":"Mbayo Kitambala Marsi, Kalonda Mutombo Emery, Muhune K Simon, Numbi Wa Ilunga Evodie, Muyumba Nonga Welcome, L. Tresor, Misenga T Antoinette, D. Tantoh, Mbayo Mukala Joseph, Maloba Mwinesenge James, Mulamba Muidikija Jean, T. M. Mwene-Mbeja, Lumbu Simbi Jean-Baptiste","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.525721.1353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.525721.1353","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Essential oils are volatile compounds characterized by a strong odor, and are generally biosynthesized by aromatic plants as secondary metabolites. This paper aims to extract the essential oils of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara, and to evaluate their antibacterial, and antifungal activities. Methods: The aerial parts of Lippia javanica and Lantana camara were subjected to hydrodistillation to produce the essential oil. The antimicrobial potential was characterized against six microorganisms, signifying three Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae) and one fungus(Candida albicans) by the disc diffusion method to determine the inhibition zone (in mm) and dilution method to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results: Essential oil extraction was carried out with an average yield of 0.21% for Lippia javanica, and 0.11% for Lantana camara. The evaluation of the antimicrobial activity showed that Lippia javanica essential oil had a moderate inhibitory activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (MIC: 0.76 mg/mL), on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.50 mg/mL). The Lantana camara essential oil showed weak inhibitory activity against all strains tested. By diffusion disk method, it was found that Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most sensitive on Lippia javanica essential oil with an inhibition diameter, which evolved from 7 mm to 24 mm; followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21 mm), Escherichia coli (19 mm) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (13 mm) at 15 μL. By means of dilution method, the Lantana camara essential oil showed a low activity against Escherichia coli (MIC: 1.64 mg/mL), Klebsiella pneumonia (MIC: 1.64 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL), and Candida albicans (MIC: 3.28 mg/mL) but by disc diffusion method, this oil was slightly inhibitory activity on Escherichia coli (10 mm at 15 μL). For the antifungal activity, the Lantana camara essential oil, and Germicide were inactive on Candida albicans when tested by the disk method. Conclusion: The essential oil of Lippia javanica showed moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities, while the essential oil of Lantana camara showed low activity. The activities of essential oils studied were less than that of the gentamicin and more than the activity of Germicide, with two positive controls used.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"132 1","pages":"254-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89329644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the first major concern in the 1960s, has reappeared worldwide over the past 20 years. Because these bacteria are not resistant to various conventional therapies, the medicinal and herbal plants used in different countries should be evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These valuable biological resources are a repository of complex active molecules. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant extracts on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans. Methods: Rhazya stricta was collected and their species were identified in the botanical laboratory of University of Zabol. To prepare plant extract, 40 g of dried leaves were used in 400 cc of solvent (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hydro-alcoholic). The various strains of Staphylococcus aureus used in this study were isolated from the human nose and identified by biochemical, bacteriological and growth tests as well as standard tests. Antimicrobial effects were investigated by well diffusion method in Muller Hinton agar medium. Statistix ver10 software was used for statistical calculations. Mean comparison was performed using the LSD at the level of one percent and Excel software was also used to draw the shapes. Results: Rhazya stricta extracts had different inhibitory zone diameters against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 ppm dilution (p <0.01). R. stricta ethanolic extract had the greatest effect (average 8.3 mm) on inhibiting the growth of 6 strains of S. aureus. Then aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts with an average of 7 mm were in the next ranks. The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest effect on the inhibition of S. aureus. The lowest MIC of R. stricta ethanolic extract against S. aureus samples was 3.1 ppm, which was inhibited by four strains. The lowest MBC was 6.2 ppm. Conclusion: Considering the side effects of chemical drugs and antibiotics as well as the potential effect of ethanolic extract of Rhazya stricta on Staphylococcus aureus, it is recommended to use ethanol solvent to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of R. stricta.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Rhazya Stricta (Apocynaceae) Extract Prepared with Different Solvents on Staphylococcus Aureus (Staphylococcaceae) Isolated from Humans","authors":"M. Beigomi, Laleh Shahraki-Mojahed, Batool Heydari-Sadegh, Narjes Dahmardeh, Reza Rouhani, Fereshteh Javadian","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.528883.1357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.528883.1357","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics, the first major concern in the 1960s, has reappeared worldwide over the past 20 years. Because these bacteria are not resistant to various conventional therapies, the medicinal and herbal plants used in different countries should be evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These valuable biological resources are a repository of complex active molecules. Therefore, in this study, we tried to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant extracts on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans. Methods: Rhazya stricta was collected and their species were identified in the botanical laboratory of University of Zabol. To prepare plant extract, 40 g of dried leaves were used in 400 cc of solvent (aqueous, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and hydro-alcoholic). The various strains of Staphylococcus aureus used in this study were isolated from the human nose and identified by biochemical, bacteriological and growth tests as well as standard tests. Antimicrobial effects were investigated by well diffusion method in Muller Hinton agar medium. Statistix ver10 software was used for statistical calculations. Mean comparison was performed using the LSD at the level of one percent and Excel software was also used to draw the shapes. Results: Rhazya stricta extracts had different inhibitory zone diameters against Staphylococcus aureus at 100 ppm dilution (p <0.01). R. stricta ethanolic extract had the greatest effect (average 8.3 mm) on inhibiting the growth of 6 strains of S. aureus. Then aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts with an average of 7 mm were in the next ranks. The ethyl acetate extract had the lowest effect on the inhibition of S. aureus. The lowest MIC of R. stricta ethanolic extract against S. aureus samples was 3.1 ppm, which was inhibited by four strains. The lowest MBC was 6.2 ppm. Conclusion: Considering the side effects of chemical drugs and antibiotics as well as the potential effect of ethanolic extract of Rhazya stricta on Staphylococcus aureus, it is recommended to use ethanol solvent to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of R. stricta.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"211 1","pages":"241-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88052894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-03DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.525197.1350
F. Fazeli
Background: As a dietary phytochemical, Ferulic acid (FA) is caused by metabolism between phenylalanine and tyrosine with physiological functions like anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cardioprotective properties. This study aims to investigate FA protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We covered references like these, web-based scientific databases, PubMed publications, ScienceDirect and Springer. Recent patent on FA therapeutic function in treatment of cardiovascular diseases potential was evaluated. Results: Studies showed that foods rich in FA prevent hypertension. FA, a free radical scavenger, is an enzyme inhibitor which catalyzes free radical generation and enhances scavenger enzyme activity. As a potent scavenger of free radicals, it dilutes oxidative stress, and reduces elevated blood-pressure by improving endothelial function and increasing bioavailability of this oxide in arterial vasculature. FA can enhance angiogenesis and wound healing. Conclusion: In this review, protective function of FA, an antioxidant compound in some nutrition such as fruits, vegetables, and grains, was discussed in terms of its relationship with cardiovascular diseases. Despite numerous data on FA, its effects on human is not recognized; further clinical studies about therapeutic effects of FA on patients with vascular diseases are required.
{"title":"Antioxidant Properties of Ferulic Acid on cardiovascular diseases","authors":"F. Fazeli","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.525197.1350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.525197.1350","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As a dietary phytochemical, Ferulic acid (FA) is caused by metabolism between phenylalanine and tyrosine with physiological functions like anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cardioprotective properties. This study aims to investigate FA protective effects on cardiovascular diseases. Methods: We covered references like these, web-based scientific databases, PubMed publications, ScienceDirect and Springer. Recent patent on FA therapeutic function in treatment of cardiovascular diseases potential was evaluated. Results: Studies showed that foods rich in FA prevent hypertension. FA, a free radical scavenger, is an enzyme inhibitor which catalyzes free radical generation and enhances scavenger enzyme activity. As a potent scavenger of free radicals, it dilutes oxidative stress, and reduces elevated blood-pressure by improving endothelial function and increasing bioavailability of this oxide in arterial vasculature. FA can enhance angiogenesis and wound healing. Conclusion: In this review, protective function of FA, an antioxidant compound in some nutrition such as fruits, vegetables, and grains, was discussed in terms of its relationship with cardiovascular diseases. Despite numerous data on FA, its effects on human is not recognized; further clinical studies about therapeutic effects of FA on patients with vascular diseases are required.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"46 1","pages":"228-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79009201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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