Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.241725
C. A. Ukwubile, E. Ikpefan, O. Otalu, Salihu Njidda, A. E. Angyu, N. Menkiti
Background: Chitosan nanoparticle (chitosan-NPs) is a polymer obtained from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, and has been applied recently as a carrier for many drug agents. Multi-drug resistance has been the major set-back in the treatment of microbial infections globally. Methods: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) isolated from Melastomastrum capitatum leaves was encapsulated in chitosan-NPs and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated on selected multi-drug resistant pathogens. The isolated phthalate was characterized by FTIR, NMR and GC-MS. Chitosan-NPs encapsulated phthalate was prepared by ionic gelation of glutaraldehyde cross-linker. Antimicrobial activity of nano encapsulated drugs was carried by agar well diffusion at 0.5 µg/mL concentration. In vivo activity of nano encapsulated drugs were determined in thirty Swiss albino rats weighing 100-150g. Chitosan-NPs encapsulated treatment groups were administered at 0.5 µg/mL (i.p.) as compared with ciprofloxacin positive control group at 2.5 µg/mL. Results: Chitosan-NPs encapsulated phthalate showed the strongest zones of inhibition against VRE ATCC 29212, MRSA NCTC 13435, Candida albicans ATCC 19231, and Clostridiodes difficile NCTC14385. Significant inhibition of bacterial growths was achieved by CSDBP encapsulated phthalate both in vitro and in vivo studies due to low concentrations in ALT, ALP, AST and creatinine, and high volume of WBC in rats. Non-Fickian drug release was observed by the formulations. Conclusion: The study showed that chitosan-NPs mediated drug delivery exhibited strong antimicrobial activity with sustained release against multi-drug microbes in this study. This is promising, and can be employed as mediation for multi-drug resistant pathogens.
{"title":"Nanoencapsulation of Phthalate from Melastomastrum Capitatum (Fern.) in Chitosan-Nps as a Target Mediated Drug Delivery for Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogen","authors":"C. A. Ukwubile, E. Ikpefan, O. Otalu, Salihu Njidda, A. E. Angyu, N. Menkiti","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.241725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.241725","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chitosan nanoparticle (chitosan-NPs) is a polymer obtained from the exoskeletons of crustaceans, and has been applied recently as a carrier for many drug agents. Multi-drug resistance has been the major set-back in the treatment of microbial infections globally. Methods: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) isolated from Melastomastrum capitatum leaves was encapsulated in chitosan-NPs and its antimicrobial activity was evaluated on selected multi-drug resistant pathogens. The isolated phthalate was characterized by FTIR, NMR and GC-MS. Chitosan-NPs encapsulated phthalate was prepared by ionic gelation of glutaraldehyde cross-linker. Antimicrobial activity of nano encapsulated drugs was carried by agar well diffusion at 0.5 µg/mL concentration. In vivo activity of nano encapsulated drugs were determined in thirty Swiss albino rats weighing 100-150g. Chitosan-NPs encapsulated treatment groups were administered at 0.5 µg/mL (i.p.) as compared with ciprofloxacin positive control group at 2.5 µg/mL. Results: Chitosan-NPs encapsulated phthalate showed the strongest zones of inhibition against VRE ATCC 29212, MRSA NCTC 13435, Candida albicans ATCC 19231, and Clostridiodes difficile NCTC14385. Significant inhibition of bacterial growths was achieved by CSDBP encapsulated phthalate both in vitro and in vivo studies due to low concentrations in ALT, ALP, AST and creatinine, and high volume of WBC in rats. Non-Fickian drug release was observed by the formulations. Conclusion: The study showed that chitosan-NPs mediated drug delivery exhibited strong antimicrobial activity with sustained release against multi-drug microbes in this study. This is promising, and can be employed as mediation for multi-drug resistant pathogens.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"160-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75685292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.524089.1345
Ebrahim Babakhani, R. Rostamian
Background: Heat stress (HS) has negative effects on economic parameters of the poultry industry. Different strategies such as nutritional additives are used to alleviate negative effects of HS. The use of multiattribute decision-making (MADM) could help to select the best additive for alleviating the effects of the HS. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic on growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks affected by HS via MADM method. Methods:Two-hundred and forty broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 4 treatments with 6 replications and 10 broiler chicks per replication. The birds were treated with probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic for 42 days. A group was considered as control and received only basal diet. Stress condition was induced from 21 to 42 days of age. Growth performance and humoral immunity were assessed, then calculated and analyzed by MADM method. Results:The results showed that dietary supplementation of probiotic, synbiotic, prebiotic and control had coefficients of 0.762, 0.702, 0.581 and 0.00, respectively. Dietary supplementation of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic had better effects compared with control group. Conclusions:Therefore, dietary supplementation of probiotic may have better efficiency compared with other additives based on the MADM. The use of probiotics can be suggested for improving growth and immunity under the HS condition in the poultry industry.
{"title":"The Effects of Probiotic, Prebiotic and Synbiotic on Growth Performance and Immune Responses of Broiler Chicks Challenged with Heat Stress by Multiattribute Decision-Making Method","authors":"Ebrahim Babakhani, R. Rostamian","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.524089.1345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.524089.1345","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heat stress (HS) has negative effects on economic parameters of the poultry industry. Different strategies such as nutritional additives are used to alleviate negative effects of HS. The use of multiattribute decision-making (MADM) could help to select the best additive for alleviating the effects of the HS. Thus, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic on growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks affected by HS via MADM method. Methods:Two-hundred and forty broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 4 treatments with 6 replications and 10 broiler chicks per replication. The birds were treated with probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic for 42 days. A group was considered as control and received only basal diet. Stress condition was induced from 21 to 42 days of age. Growth performance and humoral immunity were assessed, then calculated and analyzed by MADM method. Results:The results showed that dietary supplementation of probiotic, synbiotic, prebiotic and control had coefficients of 0.762, 0.702, 0.581 and 0.00, respectively. Dietary supplementation of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic had better effects compared with control group. Conclusions:Therefore, dietary supplementation of probiotic may have better efficiency compared with other additives based on the MADM. The use of probiotics can be suggested for improving growth and immunity under the HS condition in the poultry industry.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"115 1","pages":"181-189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80054743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.241642
M. Asgharzadeh, Nazar Manda
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of metabolites isolated from Streptomyces SSp. On Soil Sample of West Azerbaijan, Iran","authors":"M. Asgharzadeh, Nazar Manda","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.241642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.241642","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"73 1","pages":"147-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90651471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.239417
S. Ismail
Background: The essential oils of the plant synergize the synthetic chemical pesticide activity against pests. Controlling pests mainly with synthetic chemical pesticides causes the resistance to build up in these pests like S. littoralis. Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effect of garlic and thymol oils with cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos on field populations of S. littoralis. Also, the impact of the mixtures on activities of three enzymes: Glutathione S-transferase (GST), general esterase (ά-β-EST) and mixed function oxidase (MFO) of S. littoralis using dipping technique. Results: Bioassay shows elevated LC50 for each of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos alone. Whereas, the toxicity of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were synergized 2.81- to 9-fold; 2.74- to 8.35-fold by garlic oil respectively, but far less synergism occurred with thymol oil. The analysis showed the GST, ά-β-EST and MFO were notably inhibited by garlic and thymol oils synergism with cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in S. littoralis. Conclusions: The results concluded that inhibition of the enzymes could be the result of the synergist of the essential oils when it mixed with synthetic insecticides to control S. littoralis in the field.
{"title":"Synergistic Efficacy of Plant Essential Oils with Cypermethrin and Chlorpyrifos Against Spodoptera littoralis, Field Populations in Egypt","authors":"S. Ismail","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.239417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.239417","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The essential oils of the plant synergize the synthetic chemical pesticide activity against pests. Controlling pests mainly with synthetic chemical pesticides causes the resistance to build up in these pests like S. littoralis. Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effect of garlic and thymol oils with cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos on field populations of S. littoralis. Also, the impact of the mixtures on activities of three enzymes: Glutathione S-transferase (GST), general esterase (ά-β-EST) and mixed function oxidase (MFO) of S. littoralis using dipping technique. Results: Bioassay shows elevated LC50 for each of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos alone. Whereas, the toxicity of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos were synergized 2.81- to 9-fold; 2.74- to 8.35-fold by garlic oil respectively, but far less synergism occurred with thymol oil. The analysis showed the GST, ά-β-EST and MFO were notably inhibited by garlic and thymol oils synergism with cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos in S. littoralis. Conclusions: The results concluded that inhibition of the enzymes could be the result of the synergist of the essential oils when it mixed with synthetic insecticides to control S. littoralis in the field.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"1963 1","pages":"128-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91321960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.523871.1344
M. Mushtaq, S. Peerzada, Saiqa Ishtiaq
Introduction: Periploca aphylla is belongs to family Asclepiadaceae and it is an important traditional plant which has been utilized for decades for its local uses. Methods: This research work included pharmacognostic studies, microscopic evaluation, phytochemical and physiochemical tests for the effective identification and characterization of plant. Transverse section of plant shows the arrangement of cells. Fluorescence analysis shows colors in light of different wavelength. Fluorescence analysis was performed with various reagents and chemicals to observe characteristic pattern and colors for the identification and proper authencity of plant and it was reported in this paper. Results: Phytochemical studies show the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. Powder study shows lignified fibers, spiral vessels and lignified tracheid. In this study Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used for the identification of plant and for the effective recognition of biological composition of plant. The IR Spectra were performed and reported in this paper. All these parameters are necessary for the characterization and identification of plant and a new doorstep to find out any adulteration in the plant. Conclusion: Anti-oxidant in-vitro studies were performed for the evaluation of any anti-oxidant property which provided a brief description about its pharmacological effects regarding rancidity and also a description about its further usage in any of anti-oxidant formulation.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic Features, Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and in Vitro Antioxidant Studies of Indigenous Plant of Lahore","authors":"M. Mushtaq, S. Peerzada, Saiqa Ishtiaq","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.523871.1344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.523871.1344","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Periploca aphylla is belongs to family Asclepiadaceae and it is an important traditional plant which has been utilized for decades for its local uses. Methods: This research work included pharmacognostic studies, microscopic evaluation, phytochemical and physiochemical tests for the effective identification and characterization of plant. Transverse section of plant shows the arrangement of cells. Fluorescence analysis shows colors in light of different wavelength. Fluorescence analysis was performed with various reagents and chemicals to observe characteristic pattern and colors for the identification and proper authencity of plant and it was reported in this paper. Results: Phytochemical studies show the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. Powder study shows lignified fibers, spiral vessels and lignified tracheid. In this study Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used for the identification of plant and for the effective recognition of biological composition of plant. The IR Spectra were performed and reported in this paper. All these parameters are necessary for the characterization and identification of plant and a new doorstep to find out any adulteration in the plant. Conclusion: Anti-oxidant in-vitro studies were performed for the evaluation of any anti-oxidant property which provided a brief description about its pharmacological effects regarding rancidity and also a description about its further usage in any of anti-oxidant formulation.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"190-201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84828551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.523524.1343
Bita Ghassemi, F. Nayeri, R. Hosseini
Background: Despite significant efforts, the artemisinin-based drugs are still very expensive due to the limited production of this metabolite within wild Artemisia spp . plants. Therefore, the current work set out to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles, as a novel elicitor to characterize the expression of genes functioning in artemisinin synthesis pathway using a comparative experimental investigation. Methods: The suspensioncultures of A. anuua were exposed to 5, 10, 15 mg/L of chitosan nanoparticles (during 8, 24, 48 and 72 h upon treatment). The expression of DBR2, SQS, CYp , ADS, CPR and ALDH genes were quantified by qRT-PCR technique. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles were effective in inducing artemisinin production at 15 mg/L after 8 h, and 5 and 10 mg/L after 72 h of elicitation, in which all the ADS, CYp , CPR, DBR2 and ALDH genes were upregulated except SQS. Conclusion: The treatment of 5 mg/L after 72 h, when cells entered the stationary and then death phases, is recommended because it seems chitosan nanoparticles require more time to up-regulate the ADS, CYP and ALDH genes and thereby probably enhance the artemisinin content. The results suggest that chitosan nanoparticles can be used as a novel effective elicitor for artemisinin production.
{"title":"The effects of chitosan nanoparticles on genes expression of artemisinin synthase in suspension culture of Artemisia annua L: A comparative study","authors":"Bita Ghassemi, F. Nayeri, R. Hosseini","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.523524.1343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.523524.1343","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite significant efforts, the artemisinin-based drugs are still very expensive due to the limited production of this metabolite within wild Artemisia spp . plants. Therefore, the current work set out to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles, as a novel elicitor to characterize the expression of genes functioning in artemisinin synthesis pathway using a comparative experimental investigation. Methods: The suspensioncultures of A. anuua were exposed to 5, 10, 15 mg/L of chitosan nanoparticles (during 8, 24, 48 and 72 h upon treatment). The expression of DBR2, SQS, CYp , ADS, CPR and ALDH genes were quantified by qRT-PCR technique. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles were effective in inducing artemisinin production at 15 mg/L after 8 h, and 5 and 10 mg/L after 72 h of elicitation, in which all the ADS, CYp , CPR, DBR2 and ALDH genes were upregulated except SQS. Conclusion: The treatment of 5 mg/L after 72 h, when cells entered the stationary and then death phases, is recommended because it seems chitosan nanoparticles require more time to up-regulate the ADS, CYP and ALDH genes and thereby probably enhance the artemisinin content. The results suggest that chitosan nanoparticles can be used as a novel effective elicitor for artemisinin production.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"214-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83602709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.241547
T. E. Hagr, I. Adam, E. H. Mohammed, Mahdi Abd El Mageed
Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical constituents of the Fixed oil from Sudanese Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds and to evaluate the potential antioxidant activity. Methods: Soxhlet method was used to extract the essential oil from Sudanese Safflower Seeds. The chemical constituents of Sudanese Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) were identified and quantified by GC-MS and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used determined the capacity antioxidant activity. Results: Nineteen components were identified, seven of which are namely 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester 1.61%) , 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (10.50%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (8.93%), Methyl stearate (8.41%), Eicosanoid acid, methyl ester (1.39%), cis-11-Eicosenoic acid, and methyl ester (1.01%). The DPPH assay showed moderate antioxidant potential by 23.05±0.01 compared with that of standard by 91±0.01. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Sudanese Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds has oil rich of bioactive chemical compounds and has a significant anti-oxidant effect. It can be used to deal with in flavoring agent, food industry and medicinal purposes.
{"title":"GC/MS Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Fixed Oil from Sudanese Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) Seeds","authors":"T. E. Hagr, I. Adam, E. H. Mohammed, Mahdi Abd El Mageed","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.241547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.241547","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemical constituents of the Fixed oil from Sudanese Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds and to evaluate the potential antioxidant activity. Methods: Soxhlet method was used to extract the essential oil from Sudanese Safflower Seeds. The chemical constituents of Sudanese Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) were identified and quantified by GC-MS and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used determined the capacity antioxidant activity. Results: Nineteen components were identified, seven of which are namely 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester 1.61%) , 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (10.50%), Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (8.93%), Methyl stearate (8.41%), Eicosanoid acid, methyl ester (1.39%), cis-11-Eicosenoic acid, and methyl ester (1.01%). The DPPH assay showed moderate antioxidant potential by 23.05±0.01 compared with that of standard by 91±0.01. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the Sudanese Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds has oil rich of bioactive chemical compounds and has a significant anti-oxidant effect. It can be used to deal with in flavoring agent, food industry and medicinal purposes.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"90 1","pages":"138-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84303729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-01DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.524303.1347
S. Parchizadeh, Behrooz Salehi-Eskandari
Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which a deficiency of vitamin B12 along with folic acid can contribute to its progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these two vitamins in altering myelin base protein (MBP) in the MS model of rats and also to measure some ionic parameters in serum. Methods: Brain histology was followed by analysis of the relationship between vitamin B12 treatment or folic acid and MBP as well as changes in total protein concentration (TPC). MBP expression was assessed by SDS-PAGE and serum levels of iron. Copper and zinc were also assessed by Duncan test. Results: MBP expression in cortical extract was increased by simultaneous treatment with vitamin B12 and folic acid compared with the groups treated individually. Histological examinations showed that the highest level of tissue repair was in the same group. There was a significant difference between cortical TPC in the control and treatment of vitamin B12 and folic acid, but serum levels of Fe, Zn and Cu were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination of these vitamins increases the expression of MBP protein.
{"title":"The Effect Of Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid on Multiple Sclerosis in Mice","authors":"S. Parchizadeh, Behrooz Salehi-Eskandari","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.524303.1347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.524303.1347","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease in which a deficiency of vitamin B12 along with folic acid can contribute to its progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these two vitamins in altering myelin base protein (MBP) in the MS model of rats and also to measure some ionic parameters in serum. Methods: Brain histology was followed by analysis of the relationship between vitamin B12 treatment or folic acid and MBP as well as changes in total protein concentration (TPC). MBP expression was assessed by SDS-PAGE and serum levels of iron. Copper and zinc were also assessed by Duncan test. Results: MBP expression in cortical extract was increased by simultaneous treatment with vitamin B12 and folic acid compared with the groups treated individually. Histological examinations showed that the highest level of tissue repair was in the same group. There was a significant difference between cortical TPC in the control and treatment of vitamin B12 and folic acid, but serum levels of Fe, Zn and Cu were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the combination of these vitamins increases the expression of MBP protein.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"37 1","pages":"202-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81203951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-31DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.523093.1348
Joy Ochai, S. Adebisi, A. Ibegbu
Background: The protective activity exerted by Psidium guajava on the nervous system has been suggested to be via its antioxidant composition; however, its role in mercury-induced neurotoxicity remains elusive. This study investigated the ameliorative activity of ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaves on mercuric chloride-induced toxicity in the cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats. Methods: Thirty-five (35) male Wistar rats were separated into seven groups with five rats each. Group, I served as control, Group II received 41.5 mg/kg of mercuric chloride (HgCl2), Group III received 1000 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, Group IV received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and distilled water, Group V received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 500 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, Group VI received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 1000 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, while Group VII received 41.5 mg/kg HgCl2 and 1190 mg/kg bwt of Vitamin C. At the end of the administration, the brains of the Wistar rats were excised, oxidative stress markers quantified and brain tissues were fixed in Bouin’s fluid, processed, and stained for histological studies. Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in body weight gain and oxidative stress markers, weak staining of Nissl substance and cytoarchitectural distortion of the cerebral cortices of Wistar rats in mercuric chloride only treated groups when contrasted to the Control and the Groups co-administered mercuric chloride and increasing doses of EEPGL. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaves was able to ameliorate neurotoxicity induced by mercuric chloride exposure by mitigating against oxidative stress, preventing weight loss and distortion in the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex.
{"title":"Psidium Guajava Leaves Ameliorates Mercuric Chloride Induced Neurodegeneration in the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Male Wistar Rats","authors":"Joy Ochai, S. Adebisi, A. Ibegbu","doi":"10.22034/IJABBR.2021.523093.1348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22034/IJABBR.2021.523093.1348","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The protective activity exerted by Psidium guajava on the nervous system has been suggested to be via its antioxidant composition; however, its role in mercury-induced neurotoxicity remains elusive. This study investigated the ameliorative activity of ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaves on mercuric chloride-induced toxicity in the cerebral cortex of male Wistar rats. \u0000Methods: Thirty-five (35) male Wistar rats were separated into seven groups with five rats each. Group, I served as control, Group II received 41.5 mg/kg of mercuric chloride (HgCl2), Group III received 1000 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, Group IV received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and distilled water, Group V received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 500 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, Group VI received 41.5 mg/kg of HgCl2 and 1000 mg/kg bwt of EEPGL, while Group VII received 41.5 mg/kg HgCl2 and 1190 mg/kg bwt of Vitamin C. At the end of the administration, the brains of the Wistar rats were excised, oxidative stress markers quantified and brain tissues were fixed in Bouin’s fluid, processed, and stained for histological studies. \u0000Results: The results revealed a significant decrease in body weight gain and oxidative stress markers, weak staining of Nissl substance and cytoarchitectural distortion of the cerebral cortices of Wistar rats in mercuric chloride only treated groups when contrasted to the Control and the Groups co-administered mercuric chloride and increasing doses of EEPGL. \u0000Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of P. guajava leaves was able to ameliorate neurotoxicity induced by mercuric chloride exposure by mitigating against oxidative stress, preventing weight loss and distortion in the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex.","PeriodicalId":13887,"journal":{"name":"International journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"214-227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91440284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-22DOI: 10.22034/IJABBR.2021.525681.1351
H. Khajeh, A. Bahari, A. Rashki
Introduction: Diabetes is a biological problem of life in a new way in human societies, especially in developing countries. Environmental and genetic factors are mutually influential in the incidence and exacerbation of this disease. One of the genes is the transcription factor TCF7L2 that has been proven in many studies in different communities to play a role in diabetes and is located on chromosome 10. Two SNPs for this gene, rs12255372 and rs7903146, have been recorded on the NCBI site and have a direct and significant correlation with type 2 diabetes. In this study, the genotypic frequency of these two SNPs was studied using ARMS and HRM techniques. Materials: This study was performed on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes and 100 healthy individuals as non-diabetic controls. Diabetics were selected from patients referred to Ali Asghar Diabetes Clinic in Zahedan. The control group consisted of individuals who did not meet the criteria for diabetes or had no family history of diabetes in first- or second-degree relatives. DNA extraction was performed using the phenol-chloroform method and finally, PCR was performed for a specific primer. Results: ARMS results showed that the number of people with SNP rs7903146 in diabetic patients is significantly higher than those in the control. However, the difference was not significant for rs12255372. HRM results were also highly correlated with ARMS and showed very precise allelic differentiation in the studied population for both positions. Conclusion: In general, since HRM is a relatively inexpensive technique and a large number of samples can be analyzed in a few hours, the results of this study can be used in the preparation of diagnostic kits based on this method in these two and other sites related to diabetes.
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