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Formation mechanisms of surface blistering in AA6xxx rolled products: microstructure characterisation, ultrasonic analysis, and rolling tests results AA6xxx轧制产品表面起泡形成机理:微观结构表征、超声分析和轧制试验结果
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2172372
Pascal Gauthier, M. Javidani, Tao Wang, John Evans
ABSTRACT The source of surface blister defect in 6xxx series Al rolled products was studied. A blister defect, aligned with the rolling direction, was observed on the surface of the AA6xxx Al rolled sheets. It was indicated that the porosities and small microstructural inhomogeneities inside the cast ingots, identified by ultrasonic tests and metallography analysis, were not the origin of these surface defects. Pilot scale rolling trials indicated that the blister defects were correlated with the longitudinal internal casting cracks. The short side cracks in the cast ingots, covered by a thin Al oxide layer, were not healed and remained partially open after the rolling process. The unhealed cracks served as the nucleation sites for H2 precipitation during the later stages of the thermomechanical process, which were subsequently resulted from surface blisters on the AA6xxx Al rolled sheets.
研究了6xxx系列铝轧制产品表面起泡缺陷的产生原因。在AA6xxx Al轧制板材的表面上观察到与轧制方向一致的起泡缺陷。研究表明,通过超声波测试和金相分析确定的铸锭内部的孔隙率和微小的微观结构不均匀性不是这些表面缺陷的来源。中试轧制试验表明,泡罩缺陷与铸件内部纵向裂纹有关。铸锭中的短边裂纹被薄铝氧化物层覆盖,在轧制过程后没有愈合,并保持部分开放。在热机械过程的后期阶段,未愈合的裂纹充当H2沉淀的成核位点,这随后是由AA6xxx Al轧制板材上的表面气泡引起的。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the mechanism for interaction of calcium zirconate, oxides of calcium and zirconium with titanium melts 锆酸钙、钙和锆的氧化物与钛熔体相互作用机理的研究
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2167285
A. Mamayeva, A. Panichkin, M. Chukmanova, A. Imbarova, B. Kenzhaliyev, V. Belov
ABSTRACT The problem to obtain casting molds for titanium alloys is not resolved in full. It is primarily due to the high reactivity of titanium alloys resulting in their interaction with refractory materials. This reduces the quality of the castings due to the formation of various defects. The interaction of VT1-0 grade titanium in the liquid state with CaO, ZrO2 and CaZrO3 were studied. The processes occurring at the contact boundary between these substances and a change in the structure and microhardness of titanium castings near this boundary were described herein. The data obtained showed the disadvantages of molding materials based on CaO and CaZrO3. The features revealed for the interaction of a titanium melt with CaZrO3, where a highly porous CaTiO3 layer has been formed in the reaction zone,made it possible to recommend this compound as a promising material to cast molds in order to produce castings from titanium alloys.
钛合金铸造模具的获取问题还没有完全解决。这主要是由于钛合金的高反应性导致它们与耐火材料相互作用。由于各种缺陷的形成,这降低了铸件的质量。研究了液态VT1-0级钛与CaO、ZrO2和CaZrO3的相互作用。本文描述了在这些物质之间的接触边界发生的过程以及在该边界附近钛铸件的组织和显微硬度的变化。得到的数据显示了基于CaO和CaZrO3的成型材料的缺点。钛熔体与CaZrO3相互作用的特征,在反应区形成了一个高度多孔的CaTiO3层,使这种化合物有可能被推荐为铸造模具的有前途的材料,以便从钛合金生产铸件。
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引用次数: 0
Microstructure and mechanical properties of LPSC AZ91-Sb magnesium alloy LPSC AZ91Sb镁合金的组织与力学性能
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2172371
Fusheng Pan, Han Lin, Ming-bo Yang, H. Tang
ABSTRACT Microstructures and mechanical properties of AZ91-Sb magnesium alloy fabricated by low-pressure shell casting (LPSC) process in different conditions were investigated. The as-cast alloy exhibited a good internal quality and denser structure. The microstructure of α-Mg phases displayed dendritic feature and fine isolated β-Mg17Al12 particles phases uniformly distributed in the matrix. After the solution treatment at 415°C for 12 h, almost β-Mg17Al12 phases dissolved into the matrix. After ageing treatment at 200°C for 14 h, the LPSC alloy attained the peak hardness with restrained age-hardening kinetics. The discontinuous precipitates initiated at the grain boundaries and then continuous precipitates occurred in the grain interior. The LPSC alloy exhibits higher mechanical properties in both as-cast and heat-treated alloys compared with the gravity casting (GC) process alloy.
研究了采用低压壳铸造(LPSC)工艺制备的AZ91Sb镁合金在不同条件下的组织和力学性能。铸态合金表现出良好的内部质量和致密的组织。α-Mg相的微观结构表现为树枝状,细小的分离的β-Mg17Al12颗粒相均匀分布在基体中。在415°C下固溶处理12小时后,几乎β-Mg17Al12相溶解到基体中。在200°C下时效处理14小时后,LPSC合金达到峰值硬度,时效硬化动力学受到抑制。不连续的沉淀物在晶界处开始,然后在晶粒内部发生连续的沉淀物。与重力铸造(GC)工艺合金相比,LPSC合金在铸态和热处理合金中都表现出更高的机械性能。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of cooling rate on eutectic constituent and solid solubility of Al-6Cu alloy 冷却速率对Al-6Cu合金共晶成分和固溶度的影响
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2022.2146918
Xiang-Jie Wang, Lin-Lin Yang, H. Tan, F. Yu, Jianzhong Cui
ABSTRACT The ingots of Al-6Cu alloy were prepared by the wedge-shaped copper mode casting with the cooling rates of 2 K/s, 10 K/s, 25 K/s and 100 K/s to explore the effect of cooling rate on the area fraction of eutectic constituent, α-Al lattice parameter and relative solid solubility. The experimental results revealed that when the cooling rate rose from 2 K/s to 10 K/s, the area fraction of the eutectic constituent and the lattice parameter of α-Al decelerated, but the relative solid solubility of α-Al increased. When the cooling rate continued to reach 100 K/s, the area fraction of the eutectic constituent and the α-Al lattice parameter elevated, lowering the α-Al relative solid solubility. According to the model of non-diffusion of solid phase and incomplete mixed solidification of a liquid phase, as for Al-6Cu alloy, relative solid solubility initially increases and then decreases with a boost in cooling rate. The model results are consistent with the experimental results.
摘要:采用楔形铜模铸造工艺,在2、10、25、100 K/s的冷却速率下制备Al-6Cu合金铸锭,探讨冷却速率对Al-6Cu合金共晶成分面积分数、α-Al晶格参数和相对固溶度的影响。实验结果表明,当冷却速率从2 K/s提高到10 K/s时,α-Al共晶成分的面积分数和晶格参数均有所下降,但α-Al的相对固溶度有所提高。当冷却速率继续达到100 K/s时,共晶成分的面积分数和α-Al晶格参数升高,α-Al的相对固溶度降低。根据固相非扩散-液相不完全混合凝固模型,Al-6Cu合金的相对固溶度随着冷却速率的增大先增大后减小。模型计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 0
Hot tearing and mechanical properties of high electrical and thermal conductivity Al-Fe-Mg-Si-Ni Alloys 高导电性和导热性Al-Fe-Mg-Si-Ni合金的热撕裂和力学性能
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2173855
S. Kotiadis, A. Zimmer, A. Elsayed
ABSTRACT Aluminium alloys with Fe and Ni show potential as high castability alloys with high strength and high electrical/thermal conductivities for electric vehicle powertrains. Permanent mould castings of Al-Fe-Ni alloys with additions of Mg and Si were prepared to assess hot tearing susceptibility and mechanical properties. The electrical conductivity of the Al-Fe-Ni alloys was measured, and the Wiedemann-Franz law was used to estimate the thermal conductivity. The results show that a hot tear resistant Al-Fe-Ni alloy with composition Al-1.2Fe-0.5Mg-0.3Si-0.2Ni had an electrical conductivity of 50.91 ±0.29%IACS with yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation of 60.5 MPa, 141 MPa and 7.9%, respectively. The microstructure of the Al-Fe-Ni alloys contained primary Al, Al9FeNi and Mg2Si. The short freezing ranges and fine intermetallics allowed for good castability. The prepared Al-Fe-Ni alloys are potential new castable Al alloys that have thermal and electrical conductivity nearing wrought (6061 and 6101) compositions.
摘要:含铁和镍的铝合金在电动汽车动力系统中表现出作为高强度、高导电性/导热性的高浇注性合金的潜力。制备了添加Mg和Si的Al-Fe-Ni合金永久模铸件,以评估其热裂敏感性和力学性能。测量了Al-Fe-Ni合金的电导率,并使用Wiedemann-Franz定律来估计热导率。结果表明,组成为Al-1.2Fe-0.5Mg-0.3Si-0.2Ni的耐热撕裂Al-Fe-Ni合金的电导率为50.91±0.29%IACS,屈服强度、极限拉伸强度和伸长率分别为60.5MPa、141MPa和7.9%。Al-Fe-Ni合金的显微组织含有初生Al、Al9FeNi和Mg2Si。较短的凝固范围和细小的金属间化合物使其具有良好的可铸性。所制备的Al-Fe-Ni合金是具有接近锻造(6061和6101)成分的热导率和电导率的潜在的新型可浇注Al合金。
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引用次数: 0
Use a smaller cylindrical thermal analysis sample cup to rapidly predict carbon and silicon content in cast iron 使用较小的圆柱形热分析样品杯快速预测铸铁中的碳和硅含量
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2172519
Han Ye, Quan Li, Jia Gu, Xiang-jie Yang, Mengxin Long, R. Zeng, Ming-Hsuan Yang, Y. Gao, Shilin Li, Fusheng Zhu
ABSTRACT For the current, the thermal analysis sample cups used to predict the carbon and silicon content of cast iron melts are relatively large and take a long time for each measurement, a smaller cylindrical thermal analysis sample cup with an inner diameter of 25 mm and a height of 55 mm was studied for the analysis of carbon and silicon. The thermal analysis system can quickly measure the temperature characteristic values of the liquidus temperature TL and the eutectic temperature TE of the temperature curves related to carbon equivalent, carbon content and silicon content within 2 min, and mathematical models for the prediction of carbon equivalent CEL (3.2–4.7), carbon content C% (3.0–4.0%) and silicon content Si% (1.0–2.5%) was established by multiple linear regression in combination with optical emission spectroscopy: We had checked the accuracy, the average error of carbon equivalent and carbon content and silicon content did not exceed 0.05%.
摘要目前,用于预测铸铁熔体中碳和硅含量的热分析样品杯相对较大,每次测量需要较长的时间,因此研究了一个内径为25mm、高度为55mm的较小圆柱形热分析样品碗用于碳和硅的分析。热分析系统可以在2分钟内快速测量与碳当量、碳含量和硅含量相关的温度曲线的液相线温度TL和共晶温度TE的温度特征值,以及预测碳当量CEL的数学模型(3.2–4.7),碳含量C%(3.0–4.0%)和硅含量Si%(1.0–2.5%)通过多元线性回归结合发光光谱法建立:我们检查了准确性,碳当量与碳含量和硅含量的平均误差不超过0.05%。
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引用次数: 0
Tribological performance Optimization of Al2024-TiB2 composites using Grey-Taguchi approach 用Grey-Taguchi方法优化Al2024-TiB2复合材料的摩擦学性能
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2022.2149361
D. Dey, Abhijit Bhowmik, A. Biswas
ABSTRACT Present investigation aims at the fabrication of aluminium matrix composites reinforced with different weight percentages of titanium diboride (TiB2) particles and characterisation of their tribological behaviour. Wear tests are carried out on a pin-on-disc tribotester with four different process parameters viz. wt-% of reinforcement, load, sliding velocity and sliding distance. For assessing the tribological performance of composites, grey relational analysis is adopted. The percentage significance of all the parameters on tribological performance has also been evaluated by analysis of variance. Based on Grey-Taguchi approach, the optimal parametric combination is 9 wt-% of reinforcement, 10 N load, 2 m s−1 sliding velocity and 1000 m sliding distance. The optimal parametric combination based on the highest ranking of grey relational grade is validated by a confirmation experiment. Based on the results, it can be concluded that Grey-Taguchi method is an effective tool used for optimising the tribological performance of Al2024-TiB2 composites.
摘要:本研究旨在制备不同重量百分比的二硼化钛(TiB2)颗粒增强铝基复合材料,并表征其摩擦学性能。在销盘式摩擦试验机上进行了磨损试验,试验采用了四种不同的工艺参数,即增强率、载荷、滑动速度和滑动距离。采用灰色关联分析法对复合材料的摩擦学性能进行评价。所有参数对摩擦学性能的百分比显著性也通过方差分析进行了评估。基于gray - taguchi方法,优化参数组合为9 wt-%配筋、10 N荷载、2 m s - 1滑动速度和1000 m滑动距离。通过验证实验验证了基于灰色关联度最高排序的最优参数组合。结果表明,gray - taguchi方法是优化Al2024-TiB2复合材料摩擦学性能的有效工具。
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引用次数: 1
Alloy melting points data analysis using uncertainty-based sequential probability ratio test 基于不确定度的序贯概率比试验的合金熔点数据分析
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-08-23 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2022.2115724
Muhammad Shahzad Aslam
ABSTRACT The existing sequential probability ratio under classical statistics is applied for testing the null hypothesis when all observations in the data are exact, precise and uncertain. In complex situations, the observations in the data may be imprecise and noted in the intervals. In this case, the existing sequential probability ratio cannot be applied for testing the hypothesis. This paper introduces the sequential probability ratio under neutrosophic statistics to deal with the data having imprecise and uncertain data. The statistic of the proposed test is introduced and applied for testing the hypothesis of alloy melting points data. From the alloy data analysis, simulation study and comparative study, it is concluded that the proposed neutrosophic sequential probability is adequate, informative and suitable to be applied in uncertainty.
摘要当数据中的所有观测结果都是精确的、精确的和不确定的时,应用经典统计学下现有的序列概率比来检验零假设。在复杂的情况下,数据中的观察结果可能不精确,并在间隔中注明。在这种情况下,现有的序列概率比不能用于检验假设。本文引入了中子统计下的序列概率比来处理具有不精确和不确定数据的数据。介绍了所提出的检验统计量,并将其用于检验合金熔点数据的假设。通过合金数据分析、模拟研究和比较研究,得出结论:所提出的中性粒细胞序列概率是充分的、信息丰富的,适合在不确定度中应用。
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引用次数: 0
Interfacial characteristics, mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of Al/Mg bimetallic composites by compound casting with different morphologies of Al insert 不同形态Al嵌件复合铸造Al/Mg双金属复合材料的界面特性、力学性能和断裂行为
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2022.2099095
Guangyu Li, Wenming Jiang, Feng Guan, Zeyu Zhang, Junlong Wang, Z. Fan
ABSTRACT The effect of surface morphologies of Al insert, including smooth surface (SS), straight knurling (SK) and hatching knurling (HK) on interfacial microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of Al/Mg bimetallic composites by a novel compound casting was studied in this work. The thicknesses of the interface layers of the SK-s and HK-s bimetallic composites, respectively, increased by 11.5% and 4.8% than that of the SS’s composite. The interfacial phase compositions were similar for all the bimetallic composites, mainly consisting of eutectic layer (EU) and intermetallic compound layer (IMC). Therein, the proportion of the EU layer in the entire interface layer for the SK’s and HK’s bimetallic composites was larger than that of the SS’s sample. The EU layer had a lower hardness than the IMC layer. The shear strengths of the SK’s and HK’s bimetallic composites increased by 34.2% and 50.2%, respectively, compared to that of the SS’s bimetallic composite.
本文研究了一种新型复合铸造铝/镁双金属复合材料的表面形貌,包括光滑表面(SS)、直滚花(SK)和阴影滚花(HK)对其界面微观结构、力学性能和断裂行为的影响。SK-s和HK-s双金属复合材料的界面层厚度分别比SS复合材料增加了11.5%和4.8%。所有双金属复合材料的界面相组成相似,主要由共晶层(EU)和金属间化合物层(IMC)组成。其中,SK和HK的双金属复合材料的EU层在整个界面层中的比例大于SS的样品。EU层具有比IMC层更低的硬度。SK和HK的双金属复合材料的剪切强度分别比SS的双金属材料提高了34.2%和50.2%。
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引用次数: 3
Effect of wall structure on the dimensional accuracy of shell mould prepared by slurry extrusion-based additive manufacturing process 壁结构对浆料挤压增材制造工艺制备壳型模具尺寸精度的影响
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q2 Materials Science Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2022.2104515
Hongjun Liu, Guoliang Su, Yaming Li
ABSTRACT An extrusion-based additive manufacturing process for investment casting shell mould is introduced in this paper. This process uses silica sol bauxite slurry to build shell mould. The shell mould is made up of thin walls around the casting cavity, and its additive manufacturing process is actually the building process of walls. The effect of process parameters on the dimensional accuracy of the bauxite shell mould was investigated. Taguchi’s design and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) approach was used to evaluate and optimise the process parameters viz. wall thickness, wall height and filling pattern for dimensional accuracy. The results indicate the wall thickness, filling pattern and wall thickness are the most significant parameters affecting the dimensional accuracy in X, Y and Z directions, respectively. It is suggested that the wall thickness is set as 10 mm and the filling pattern is set as rectilinear for shell mould.
本文介绍了一种熔模壳模挤压增材制造工艺。该工艺采用硅溶胶-铝土矿浆液建造壳模。壳模是由铸腔周围的薄壁组成的,其增材制造过程实际上是壁的建造过程。研究了工艺参数对铝土矿壳模尺寸精度的影响。田口的设计和方差分析(ANOVA)方法用于评估和优化工艺参数,即壁厚、壁高和填充模式的尺寸精度。结果表明,壁厚、填充方式和壁厚分别是影响X、Y和Z方向尺寸精度的最重要参数。建议壳模壁厚设为10mm,填充方式设为直线型。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Cast Metals Research
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