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Study on the extraction of poor scandium from low-grade rare earth ores 从低品位稀土矿石中提取贫钪的研究
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2199505
Xiaojun Yang, Xunmei Zhu, Guoliang Yin, Kun Zhou, Zhenhua Feng, Kun Zhu
ABSTRACT Based on the analysis of chemical composition and the phase of scandium-containing clay type rare earth ore in a place in China, it is found that the content of scandium in the ore is 18.55 g/t. Due to the low leaching rate of direct acid leaching, the effect of the roasting process on the leaching rate of scandium from the raw ore was investigated. By comparing the operation of the two leaching processes, oxidised roasting-hydrochloric acid leaching and alkali roasting-hydrochloric acid leaching, we obtain the optimal technical conditions for both leaching processes. At the same time, the mechanism of alkali roasting was investigated and the conclusions obtained are of some reference for the extraction of scandium from low-grade rare earth ores.
摘要通过对我国某地区含钪粘土型稀土矿的化学成分和物相分析,发现该矿中钪含量为18.55 g/t。由于直接酸浸的浸出率较低,研究了焙烧工艺对原矿中钪浸出率的影响。通过对氧化焙烧盐酸浸出和碱焙烧盐酸浸出两种浸出工艺的操作比较,得出了两种浸出过程的最佳工艺条件。同时对碱焙烧机理进行了研究,所得结论对低品位稀土矿中钪的提取具有一定的参考价值。
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引用次数: 0
Rheological properties of ADC12 Al alloy in the semi-solid state ADC12铝合金半固态流变特性研究
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2197808
S. Gautam, H. Roy, A. K. Lohar, Sudip Samanta
ABSTRACT The present investigation emphasises on rheological behaviour of semi-solid slurry of ADC12 Al alloy in order to understand mould filling behaviour during semi-solid processing. Three different experimental investigations are done using rheometer, namely, continuous cooling test, isothermal test and shear jump test, to understand the rheological behaviour of ADC12 Al alloy. Continuous cooling tests reveal increase in slurry viscosity with decrease in temperature at a specific shear rate. The isothermal test results show decreasing viscosity with increase in rate of shear and confirm that semi-solid slurry experiences shear-thinning phenomena. Shear jump experiments (SJEs) show that the viscosity of the semi-solid slurry is less sensitive at higher shear rate, which is desirable. The steady state and iso-structural stress values (obtained from SJEs) at low shear rate region showcase an upward movement of solid content, i.e. with a proportionally downward slurry temperature.
摘要本研究重点研究ADC12铝合金半固态浆料的流变行为,以了解半固态加工过程中的充模行为。利用流变仪进行了三种不同的实验研究,即连续冷却试验、等温试验和剪切跳跃试验,以了解ADC12铝合金的流变行为。连续冷却试验表明,在特定剪切速率下,浆料粘度随着温度的降低而增加。等温试验结果表明,粘度随剪切速率的增加而降低,并证实了半固态浆料经历了剪切变薄现象。剪切跳跃实验表明,在较高的剪切速率下,半固态浆料的粘度不太敏感,这是可取的。低剪切速率区域的稳态和等结构应力值(从SJE获得)显示了固体含量的向上运动,即浆料温度成比例下降。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental study of MQL applicability in ADI grinding and its influence on surface topography MQL在ADI磨削中的适用性及其对表面形貌影响的实验研究
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2198076
M. E. Furno, C. Tealdi, A. D. Sosa
ABSTRACT When workpieces require tight tolerance or a good surface finish, grinding is usually the best solution. Yet this process is characterised by generating a great amount of heat that needs to be controlled. The minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) system emerged as an alternative to the flood cooling system. Nevertheless, the employment of the former in austempered ductile iron (ADI) surface grinding is still an unexplored topic. This research seeks to experimentally study the applicability of MQL and the influence of the wheel speed and workspeed, in the surface topography of ADI samples subjected to different conditions of surface grinding. ADI surface topography was acquired, then the roughness parameters and surface hardness alterations were determined. The results show that the application of MQL in ADI surface grinding is possible. The surface roughness is similar to that of the flood cooling system and the surface hardness alterations are small.
当工件要求严格的公差或良好的表面光洁度时,磨削通常是最好的解决方案。然而,这一过程的特点是产生大量的热量,需要控制。最小量润滑(MQL)系统作为洪水冷却系统的替代方案出现。然而,前者在等温球铁(ADI)表面磨削中的应用仍然是一个未探索的话题。本研究旨在通过实验研究MQL在不同表面磨削条件下ADI样品表面形貌的适用性以及砂轮转速和工作速度的影响。获得ADI表面形貌,确定粗糙度参数和表面硬度变化。结果表明,MQL在ADI表面磨削中的应用是可行的。表面粗糙度与冷却系统相似,表面硬度变化较小。
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引用次数: 1
Activity of strontium in liquid Sr-modified Al-7Si alloy 锶在液态sr改性Al-7Si合金中的活度
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-03-11 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2186567
S. M. Miresmaeili, B. Nami, I. Khoubrou
ABSTRACT In the present study, the Henrian activity coefficient of strontium , dissolved in liquid Al-7Si alloy at 725–730°C has been determined to be in the order of 10−2, using the numerical thermodynamic analyses. By knowing the , formation of the compounds, Sr(OH)2 and SrH2 through the reaction of dissolved elements in Al-7Si alloy melt has been analysed. The results indicated that the free energy of the formation reaction of Sr(OH)2 and SrH2 in the alloy melt are positive at different temperatures, showing that these compounds may not be formed in the liquid aluminium alloys.
摘要在本研究中,通过数值热力学分析,确定了在725–730°C下溶解在液态Al-7Si合金中的锶的亨利活度系数为10−2。通过对溶解元素在Al-7Si合金熔体中反应生成Sr(OH)2和SrH2化合物的认识,分析了它们的形成过程。结果表明,在不同温度下,合金熔体中Sr(OH)2和SrH2形成反应的自由能为正,表明这些化合物可能不会在液态铝合金中形成。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of the superheating degree and cooling intensity on the as-cast microstructure of CP780 thin slab 过热度和冷却强度对CP780薄板坯铸态组织的影响
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-03-11 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2188682
X. Fang, Yonggang Yang, Wangzhong Mu, Xiao-yu Yang, Han-long Zhang, Z. Mi
ABSTRACT This paper studied the effects of the superheating degree and cooling intensity on the solidification structure of CP 780 slab. The results indicated that the equiaxed crystal ratio decreases with the increase of superheating degree and the cooling intensity. When the superheating degree increases from 15 to 25°C, the equiaxed crystal ratio drops sharply. While the equiaxed crystal ratio decreases slightly with an increasing superheating degree from 25°C to 55°C. It is further revealed that the superheating degree has a greater effect on the equiaxed crystal ratio compared with the influence of cooling intensity. Quantitative analysed the relationship among the equiaxed crystal ratio, the superheating degree and cooling intensity is in line with the Extreme 2D model. The accuracy of the model performance can reach 97.6% when predicting the equiaxed crystal ratio of CSP-CP 780 during CSP process.
本文研究了过热度和冷却强度对CP780板坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明,等轴晶率随过热度和冷却强度的增加而减小。当过热度从15°C增加到25°C时,等轴晶率急剧下降。当过热度从25°C增加到55°C时,等轴晶率略有下降。结果表明,与冷却强度的影响相比,过热度对等轴晶率的影响更大。定量分析了等轴晶率、过热度和冷却强度之间的关系,符合极限二维模型。当预测CSP过程中CSP-CP780的等轴晶率时,模型性能的准确率可达97.6%。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Al2O3 Nano Particle Addition on Mechanical Properties and Creep Behaviour of High Pressure Die Cast AZ91-1Sr Alloy Al2O3纳米颗粒添加对高压压铸AZ91-1Sr合金力学性能和蠕变行为的影响
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2178077
Y. Ateș, Selma Özarslan, Güven Yarkadaş, Hüseyin Şevik
ABSTRACT The AZ91-1Sr alloy, the 0.5, 1 and 2 vol.% Al2O3/AZ91-1Sr nanocomposites were fabricated by high pressure die casting method and investigated the effect of nano Al2O3 particles on the mechanical properties and creep behaviour of the AZ91-1Sr alloy. Mechanical and creep tests disclosed remarkable enhancements in the yield strength, tensile strength, hardness and creep resistance of the AZ91-1Sr alloy with addition of nano Al2O3 particles. The best results were obtained in the case of the addition of 2 vol.% Al2O3 nano particles.
摘要采用高压压铸法制备了AZ91-1Sr合金、0.5、1和2vol.%的Al2O3/AAZ91-1Sr纳米复合材料,并研究了纳米Al2O3颗粒对AZ91-1Sr合金力学性能和蠕变行为的影响。机械和蠕变试验表明,添加纳米Al2O3颗粒后,AZ91-1Sr合金的屈服强度、拉伸强度、硬度和抗蠕变性能显著提高。在添加2体积%的Al2O3纳米颗粒的情况下获得了最佳结果。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of melt titanium content on the grain structure and mechanical properties of Al-5Ti-B-modified alloy 2618 熔体钛含量对Al-5Ti-B变质2618合金晶粒结构和力学性能的影响
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2177784
Zhe‐ming Zhu, Junxiu Chen, Chang-jun Wu, Ya Liu, Jianhua Wang, X. Su
ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of melt titanium content on the grain structure and mechanical properties of Al-5Ti-B-modified alloy 2618 were investigated. The results showed that when the titanium content in the melt was zero, the best modification effects were obtained when the amount of Al-5Ti-B added was 1.5 wt.%. When the amount of Al-5Ti-B added was fixed at 0.5 wt.%, the best modification effects were obtained when the melt titanium content was 0.05 wt.%. When the final titanium content of alloy 2618 was fixed at 0.1 wt.%, the best modification effect was obtained when the melt titanium content was fixed at 0.03 wt.% and the alloy was modified with 1.4 wt.% Al-5Ti-B. Considering the production cost and excellent modification effects, the optimal melting and modification treatment process for alloy 2618 are as follows: an alloy melt titanium content of 0.05 wt.% and an alloy modified with 0.5 wt.% Al-5Ti-B.
本文研究了熔体钛含量对al - 5ti - b改性合金2618晶粒组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当熔体中钛含量为零时,当Al-5Ti-B的加入量为1.5 wt.%时,改性效果最好。当Al-5Ti-B添加量固定在0.5 wt.%时,当熔体钛含量为0.05 wt.%时,改性效果最好。当2618合金的终钛含量为0.1 wt.%时,当熔体钛含量为0.03 wt.%时,用1.4 wt.%的Al-5Ti-B对合金进行改性,改性效果最好。考虑到生产成本和良好的变质效果,2618合金的最佳熔融变质处理工艺为:合金熔体钛含量为0.05 wt.%, Al-5Ti-B含量为0.5 wt.%。
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引用次数: 0
Formation mechanisms of surface blistering in AA6xxx rolled products: microstructure characterisation, ultrasonic analysis, and rolling tests results AA6xxx轧制产品表面起泡形成机理:微观结构表征、超声分析和轧制试验结果
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2172372
Pascal Gauthier, M. Javidani, Tao Wang, John Evans
ABSTRACT The source of surface blister defect in 6xxx series Al rolled products was studied. A blister defect, aligned with the rolling direction, was observed on the surface of the AA6xxx Al rolled sheets. It was indicated that the porosities and small microstructural inhomogeneities inside the cast ingots, identified by ultrasonic tests and metallography analysis, were not the origin of these surface defects. Pilot scale rolling trials indicated that the blister defects were correlated with the longitudinal internal casting cracks. The short side cracks in the cast ingots, covered by a thin Al oxide layer, were not healed and remained partially open after the rolling process. The unhealed cracks served as the nucleation sites for H2 precipitation during the later stages of the thermomechanical process, which were subsequently resulted from surface blisters on the AA6xxx Al rolled sheets.
研究了6xxx系列铝轧制产品表面起泡缺陷的产生原因。在AA6xxx Al轧制板材的表面上观察到与轧制方向一致的起泡缺陷。研究表明,通过超声波测试和金相分析确定的铸锭内部的孔隙率和微小的微观结构不均匀性不是这些表面缺陷的来源。中试轧制试验表明,泡罩缺陷与铸件内部纵向裂纹有关。铸锭中的短边裂纹被薄铝氧化物层覆盖,在轧制过程后没有愈合,并保持部分开放。在热机械过程的后期阶段,未愈合的裂纹充当H2沉淀的成核位点,这随后是由AA6xxx Al轧制板材上的表面气泡引起的。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the mechanism for interaction of calcium zirconate, oxides of calcium and zirconium with titanium melts 锆酸钙、钙和锆的氧化物与钛熔体相互作用机理的研究
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2023.2167285
A. Mamayeva, A. Panichkin, M. Chukmanova, A. Imbarova, B. Kenzhaliyev, V. Belov
ABSTRACT The problem to obtain casting molds for titanium alloys is not resolved in full. It is primarily due to the high reactivity of titanium alloys resulting in their interaction with refractory materials. This reduces the quality of the castings due to the formation of various defects. The interaction of VT1-0 grade titanium in the liquid state with CaO, ZrO2 and CaZrO3 were studied. The processes occurring at the contact boundary between these substances and a change in the structure and microhardness of titanium castings near this boundary were described herein. The data obtained showed the disadvantages of molding materials based on CaO and CaZrO3. The features revealed for the interaction of a titanium melt with CaZrO3, where a highly porous CaTiO3 layer has been formed in the reaction zone,made it possible to recommend this compound as a promising material to cast molds in order to produce castings from titanium alloys.
钛合金铸造模具的获取问题还没有完全解决。这主要是由于钛合金的高反应性导致它们与耐火材料相互作用。由于各种缺陷的形成,这降低了铸件的质量。研究了液态VT1-0级钛与CaO、ZrO2和CaZrO3的相互作用。本文描述了在这些物质之间的接触边界发生的过程以及在该边界附近钛铸件的组织和显微硬度的变化。得到的数据显示了基于CaO和CaZrO3的成型材料的缺点。钛熔体与CaZrO3相互作用的特征,在反应区形成了一个高度多孔的CaTiO3层,使这种化合物有可能被推荐为铸造模具的有前途的材料,以便从钛合金生产铸件。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of cooling rate on eutectic constituent and solid solubility of Al-6Cu alloy 冷却速率对Al-6Cu合金共晶成分和固溶度的影响
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学 Q3 METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2022-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2022.2146918
Xiang-Jie Wang, Lin-Lin Yang, H. Tan, F. Yu, Jianzhong Cui
ABSTRACT The ingots of Al-6Cu alloy were prepared by the wedge-shaped copper mode casting with the cooling rates of 2 K/s, 10 K/s, 25 K/s and 100 K/s to explore the effect of cooling rate on the area fraction of eutectic constituent, α-Al lattice parameter and relative solid solubility. The experimental results revealed that when the cooling rate rose from 2 K/s to 10 K/s, the area fraction of the eutectic constituent and the lattice parameter of α-Al decelerated, but the relative solid solubility of α-Al increased. When the cooling rate continued to reach 100 K/s, the area fraction of the eutectic constituent and the α-Al lattice parameter elevated, lowering the α-Al relative solid solubility. According to the model of non-diffusion of solid phase and incomplete mixed solidification of a liquid phase, as for Al-6Cu alloy, relative solid solubility initially increases and then decreases with a boost in cooling rate. The model results are consistent with the experimental results.
摘要:采用楔形铜模铸造工艺,在2、10、25、100 K/s的冷却速率下制备Al-6Cu合金铸锭,探讨冷却速率对Al-6Cu合金共晶成分面积分数、α-Al晶格参数和相对固溶度的影响。实验结果表明,当冷却速率从2 K/s提高到10 K/s时,α-Al共晶成分的面积分数和晶格参数均有所下降,但α-Al的相对固溶度有所提高。当冷却速率继续达到100 K/s时,共晶成分的面积分数和α-Al晶格参数升高,α-Al的相对固溶度降低。根据固相非扩散-液相不完全混合凝固模型,Al-6Cu合金的相对固溶度随着冷却速率的增大先增大后减小。模型计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Cast Metals Research
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