Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2022.2036415
Syeda Talat Arshad, A. Shah, Aqueel Shah
ABSTRACT Phenolic resins are in-organic polymers with properties that make them high-strength binders with great potential for modification. The base-catalyzed phenol-formaldehyde resins provide the desired hardness to the core avoiding sand slipping on the surface. A modified resol type phenolic resin is developed for this study with minimum ingredients to compare it with existing recipes in the literature. A batch of cores was prepared with the standard 1-inch cross-section briquettes (dog-bone) with modified resol and cured through hot-curing process. Hardness and ultimate tensile strength values of these cores were compared with previous data present in literature. The average hardness as well the tensile strength from modified resol was higher than the cores from previous hot coating resol recipes and the gas-set cores present in the literature. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the cores was examined through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the ten-point height (Rz) value was lower than existing recipes.
{"title":"Study on the feasibility of alternatives for phenolic resins used in sand casting","authors":"Syeda Talat Arshad, A. Shah, Aqueel Shah","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2022.2036415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2022.2036415","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Phenolic resins are in-organic polymers with properties that make them high-strength binders with great potential for modification. The base-catalyzed phenol-formaldehyde resins provide the desired hardness to the core avoiding sand slipping on the surface. A modified resol type phenolic resin is developed for this study with minimum ingredients to compare it with existing recipes in the literature. A batch of cores was prepared with the standard 1-inch cross-section briquettes (dog-bone) with modified resol and cured through hot-curing process. Hardness and ultimate tensile strength values of these cores were compared with previous data present in literature. The average hardness as well the tensile strength from modified resol was higher than the cores from previous hot coating resol recipes and the gas-set cores present in the literature. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the cores was examined through Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and the ten-point height (Rz) value was lower than existing recipes.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41466253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.2011655
Xiaogang Yang, L. Xie, Chao-bin Lai, Diqiang Luo
ABSTRACT In the current article, the influence of titanium on the hot ductility of peritectic-microalloyed steels, in the temperature range 600°C to 950°C, was investigated by tensile testing. The morphology of the fracture and the behaviour of precipitates, inclusions and microstructures near the fracture surface were observed and discussed. It was found that within the test temperature range, the reduction in area values of titanium-bearing steels were almost greater than 40%, which were much larger than those of titanium-free steels. This improvement was due to the formation of (TixNb1-x)(CyN1-y) precipitates and titanium-aluminium oxides with high titanium content that could act as the nucleation sites for dimples to promote the occurrence of ductile fracture. In addition, the austenite grain was refined and more uniform in size. The thickness together with the maintain temperature range of the ferrite films which distribute only along austenite grain boundaries were reduced.
{"title":"Study on the mechanism of titanium improving the hot ductility of peritectic microalloyed steels in brittle zone III","authors":"Xiaogang Yang, L. Xie, Chao-bin Lai, Diqiang Luo","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.2011655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.2011655","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the current article, the influence of titanium on the hot ductility of peritectic-microalloyed steels, in the temperature range 600°C to 950°C, was investigated by tensile testing. The morphology of the fracture and the behaviour of precipitates, inclusions and microstructures near the fracture surface were observed and discussed. It was found that within the test temperature range, the reduction in area values of titanium-bearing steels were almost greater than 40%, which were much larger than those of titanium-free steels. This improvement was due to the formation of (TixNb1-x)(CyN1-y) precipitates and titanium-aluminium oxides with high titanium content that could act as the nucleation sites for dimples to promote the occurrence of ductile fracture. In addition, the austenite grain was refined and more uniform in size. The thickness together with the maintain temperature range of the ferrite films which distribute only along austenite grain boundaries were reduced.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46104013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.2015889
N. A. Kidalov, A. S. Adamova, N. V. Grigoreva
ABSTRACT In the foundry for the production of moulds and cores, mixtures based on water glass are widely used. During their hardening, the coagulation of liquid glass occurs, as a result of which the mixture obtains high strength characteristic. A significant drawback of moulding mixtures based on water glass is low knockout due to increased sintering ability of water glass with moulding sand. To improve knockout, weak additives are introduced into the composition of moulding mixtures. This paper analyses the characteristics of organic weak additives for the composition of moulding mixtures based on water glass. It is shown that the main indicators which affecting to the knockout of mixtures are the amount of evolved gases and the forming carbon formation. With an increase in coefficient of thermal destruction, the knockout of the mixtures based on water glass mixture is reduced by increasing the amount of formed carbon.
{"title":"Selection of technological additives to the composition of the moulding mixtures based on water glass","authors":"N. A. Kidalov, A. S. Adamova, N. V. Grigoreva","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.2015889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.2015889","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the foundry for the production of moulds and cores, mixtures based on water glass are widely used. During their hardening, the coagulation of liquid glass occurs, as a result of which the mixture obtains high strength characteristic. A significant drawback of moulding mixtures based on water glass is low knockout due to increased sintering ability of water glass with moulding sand. To improve knockout, weak additives are introduced into the composition of moulding mixtures. This paper analyses the characteristics of organic weak additives for the composition of moulding mixtures based on water glass. It is shown that the main indicators which affecting to the knockout of mixtures are the amount of evolved gases and the forming carbon formation. With an increase in coefficient of thermal destruction, the knockout of the mixtures based on water glass mixture is reduced by increasing the amount of formed carbon.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41254660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.2014667
A. Srivastava, N. Kumar, Ambuj Saxena, S. Tiwari
ABSTRACT Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state processing method that can be used as a microstructural modifier or a post-processing technique. It can be applied to refine the grain structure. It is an eco-friendly manufacturing approach with negligible harmful gases and can be applied to all types of engineering materials. With the continuous development in FSP, now it is used to develop surface composites. The ability to refine the grain structure and uniform dispersion of reinforcement particles with improved mechanical and microstructural properties make it preferable over most of the manufacturing methods. The present work highlights the mechanism of FSP, the effect of dependent and independent process parameters, tool parameters and temperature variation in different zones of the stirring. It also focused on the microstructural features and effect of FSP on mechanical properties such as tensile strength and microhardness of the lightweight composites and cast alloys.
{"title":"Effect of friction stir processing on microstructural and mechanical properties of lightweight composites and cast metal alloys – A review","authors":"A. Srivastava, N. Kumar, Ambuj Saxena, S. Tiwari","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.2014667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.2014667","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state processing method that can be used as a microstructural modifier or a post-processing technique. It can be applied to refine the grain structure. It is an eco-friendly manufacturing approach with negligible harmful gases and can be applied to all types of engineering materials. With the continuous development in FSP, now it is used to develop surface composites. The ability to refine the grain structure and uniform dispersion of reinforcement particles with improved mechanical and microstructural properties make it preferable over most of the manufacturing methods. The present work highlights the mechanism of FSP, the effect of dependent and independent process parameters, tool parameters and temperature variation in different zones of the stirring. It also focused on the microstructural features and effect of FSP on mechanical properties such as tensile strength and microhardness of the lightweight composites and cast alloys.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46896526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1981034
Rezzan Ördek, L. C. Kumruoglu, Hüseyin Şevik
{"title":"The investigation of microstructure and high temperature mechanical properties of novel Mg-Al-Sn-Ce alloy produced by HPDC","authors":"Rezzan Ördek, L. C. Kumruoglu, Hüseyin Şevik","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1981034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1981034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43365630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1970937
Deepak Patel, A. Kundu, Arjun Kundu, P. Biswas, H. Kotadia, A. Mallik, S. Das
ABSTRACT Al-Sn immiscible alloys possess enhanced tribological properties with increased fatigue strength, which makes them competent among self-lubricating bearing materials. In the present work, a direct chill (DC) casting simulator has been designed and manufactured to cast Al-Sn alloy by forced convection technology. The study embodies two different mechanisms for mechanical forced convection (MFC) by: (i) high shear (HS) rotor-stator device, (ii) conventional stirrer (CS) without stator. Shearing rate of 800 rpm for 60 seconds were kept constant for both the cases. Severe segregation of Sn has been observed in CS-DC cast billet due to prevailed phase separation and gravity sedimentation of Sn-rich phase from Al matrix. However, in the case of HS-DC cast billet uniform distribution of Sn and fine equiaxed grains throughout the volume of the billet has been achieved.
{"title":"In-house design of forced convection direct chill casting simulator for casting immiscible Al-Sn alloys","authors":"Deepak Patel, A. Kundu, Arjun Kundu, P. Biswas, H. Kotadia, A. Mallik, S. Das","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1970937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1970937","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Al-Sn immiscible alloys possess enhanced tribological properties with increased fatigue strength, which makes them competent among self-lubricating bearing materials. In the present work, a direct chill (DC) casting simulator has been designed and manufactured to cast Al-Sn alloy by forced convection technology. The study embodies two different mechanisms for mechanical forced convection (MFC) by: (i) high shear (HS) rotor-stator device, (ii) conventional stirrer (CS) without stator. Shearing rate of 800 rpm for 60 seconds were kept constant for both the cases. Severe segregation of Sn has been observed in CS-DC cast billet due to prevailed phase separation and gravity sedimentation of Sn-rich phase from Al matrix. However, in the case of HS-DC cast billet uniform distribution of Sn and fine equiaxed grains throughout the volume of the billet has been achieved.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45555128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1965738
M. Liepe, S. Duwe, Martin Schrumpf, R. Bähr, B. Tonn
ABSTRACT When designing a new material for hot rolling rolls, it is necessary to be aware of the conditions in the later utilisation phase. The first step is to quantify stresses, and temperatures the material must tolerate operating in the rolling mills. These characteristics are evaluated by direct measurements and hot rolling simulations. Simulations targeted the identification of the temporal and spatial temperature distribution permeating the roll during the entire rolling process. As a major influence varying cooling conditions had to be accounted for roll temperatures. As an output value the minimum yield stress was identified – the determining factor for the development of a high strength roll material for cast rolls.
{"title":"A new Ductile Iron for mechanically and thermally strained rolls Part 1: Simulation-based process characterization of hot rolling","authors":"M. Liepe, S. Duwe, Martin Schrumpf, R. Bähr, B. Tonn","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1965738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1965738","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When designing a new material for hot rolling rolls, it is necessary to be aware of the conditions in the later utilisation phase. The first step is to quantify stresses, and temperatures the material must tolerate operating in the rolling mills. These characteristics are evaluated by direct measurements and hot rolling simulations. Simulations targeted the identification of the temporal and spatial temperature distribution permeating the roll during the entire rolling process. As a major influence varying cooling conditions had to be accounted for roll temperatures. As an output value the minimum yield stress was identified – the determining factor for the development of a high strength roll material for cast rolls.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46448718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1962639
S. Duwe, M. Liepe, Martin Schrumpf, B. Tonn, R. Bähr
ABSTRACT For manufacturing of steel wires, tubes and profiles in hot rolling mills, the toughest conditions occur in the front rolling stands where the mechanical load comes along with a constant change of hot rolling stock and cooling liquid. Conventional roll materials as pearlitic or acicular cast irons are not able to overcome these intense conditions because of their lack of ductility. A fine selection of alloying elements leads to a new material with a microstructure uniting bainite, austenite and martensite inducing high hardness and strength, without lacking elongation. For this purpose, a full-factorial design of experiments was created consisting of three alloying elements in two concentrations each. The alloys were cast, heat-treated and underwent extensive investigations on mechanical properties and microstructure. The results were analysed and implemented in mathematical models whose combination and optimisation led to the identification of the ideal alloy meeting the required strength, hardness and elongation.
{"title":"A new ductile iron for mechanically and thermally strained rolls Part 2: material development varying Ni, Mo, Cr content using DoE","authors":"S. Duwe, M. Liepe, Martin Schrumpf, B. Tonn, R. Bähr","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1962639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1962639","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For manufacturing of steel wires, tubes and profiles in hot rolling mills, the toughest conditions occur in the front rolling stands where the mechanical load comes along with a constant change of hot rolling stock and cooling liquid. Conventional roll materials as pearlitic or acicular cast irons are not able to overcome these intense conditions because of their lack of ductility. A fine selection of alloying elements leads to a new material with a microstructure uniting bainite, austenite and martensite inducing high hardness and strength, without lacking elongation. For this purpose, a full-factorial design of experiments was created consisting of three alloying elements in two concentrations each. The alloys were cast, heat-treated and underwent extensive investigations on mechanical properties and microstructure. The results were analysed and implemented in mathematical models whose combination and optimisation led to the identification of the ideal alloy meeting the required strength, hardness and elongation.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41878843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-26DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1945221
Yulong Cao, Yan-wu Dong, Guangqiang Li, Zhou-hua Jiang, Z. Zhao
ABSTRACT A bimetallic composite roll with the cladding layer of high-speed steel (HSS) and the roll core of ductile cast iron (DCI) was manufactured by the electroslag remelting cladding (ESRC) technology, and the changes in the graphite morphology, matrix structure, and mechanical properties of the DCI core before and after the ESRC process were compared. The DCI core was first heated to a very high temperature and then cooled down to room temperature during ESRC which led to a deteriorative graphite morphology with a low spheroidisation rate, a large size, and a nonuniform distribution and also caused a solid-state phase transformation of the matrix structure from lamellar pearlite + few carbides to bainite + large amounts of carbides. Based on the changes of graphite sphericity, matrix structure, carbides content, the tensile strength and impact toughness of DCI before and after the ESRC process changed from 458 MPa, 3.02 J/cm2 to 417 MPa, 5.74 J/cm2, respectively.
{"title":"Solid-state phase transformation of ductile cast iron during electroslag remelting cladding","authors":"Yulong Cao, Yan-wu Dong, Guangqiang Li, Zhou-hua Jiang, Z. Zhao","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1945221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1945221","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A bimetallic composite roll with the cladding layer of high-speed steel (HSS) and the roll core of ductile cast iron (DCI) was manufactured by the electroslag remelting cladding (ESRC) technology, and the changes in the graphite morphology, matrix structure, and mechanical properties of the DCI core before and after the ESRC process were compared. The DCI core was first heated to a very high temperature and then cooled down to room temperature during ESRC which led to a deteriorative graphite morphology with a low spheroidisation rate, a large size, and a nonuniform distribution and also caused a solid-state phase transformation of the matrix structure from lamellar pearlite + few carbides to bainite + large amounts of carbides. Based on the changes of graphite sphericity, matrix structure, carbides content, the tensile strength and impact toughness of DCI before and after the ESRC process changed from 458 MPa, 3.02 J/cm2 to 417 MPa, 5.74 J/cm2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13640461.2021.1945221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48252807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1912950
M. Tiryakioğlu
ABSTRACT The solubility of hydrogen in solid binary aluminium alloys has been investigated with data from the literature. As in liquid binary alloys, analysis has shown the effect of Cu, Mg, Si and Zn additions on normalised hydrogen solubility can be estimated by using exponential fits. The method developed previously to estimate hydrogen solubility in liquid commercial alloys has been extended to alloys in their solid state. Estimates for hydrogen solubility at the liquidus and solidus temperatures for five commercial alloys have been calculated. Estimates of the hydrogen solubility difference between liquid and solid alloys have shown that (i) the 206 alloy behaves exactly like pure aluminium (ii) 319 and A356 have much lower differences than pure aluminium, and (iii) hydrogen solubility at the solidus temperature is higher than at the liquidus temperature in alloy 380 and 383.
{"title":"On estimating the hydrogen solubility in solid aluminium alloys and the hydrogen solubility difference between the liquidus and solidus temperatures","authors":"M. Tiryakioğlu","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1912950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1912950","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The solubility of hydrogen in solid binary aluminium alloys has been investigated with data from the literature. As in liquid binary alloys, analysis has shown the effect of Cu, Mg, Si and Zn additions on normalised hydrogen solubility can be estimated by using exponential fits. The method developed previously to estimate hydrogen solubility in liquid commercial alloys has been extended to alloys in their solid state. Estimates for hydrogen solubility at the liquidus and solidus temperatures for five commercial alloys have been calculated. Estimates of the hydrogen solubility difference between liquid and solid alloys have shown that (i) the 206 alloy behaves exactly like pure aluminium (ii) 319 and A356 have much lower differences than pure aluminium, and (iii) hydrogen solubility at the solidus temperature is higher than at the liquidus temperature in alloy 380 and 383.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13640461.2021.1912950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47462265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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