Pub Date : 2021-11-02DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.2014667
A. Srivastava, N. Kumar, Ambuj Saxena, S. Tiwari
ABSTRACT Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state processing method that can be used as a microstructural modifier or a post-processing technique. It can be applied to refine the grain structure. It is an eco-friendly manufacturing approach with negligible harmful gases and can be applied to all types of engineering materials. With the continuous development in FSP, now it is used to develop surface composites. The ability to refine the grain structure and uniform dispersion of reinforcement particles with improved mechanical and microstructural properties make it preferable over most of the manufacturing methods. The present work highlights the mechanism of FSP, the effect of dependent and independent process parameters, tool parameters and temperature variation in different zones of the stirring. It also focused on the microstructural features and effect of FSP on mechanical properties such as tensile strength and microhardness of the lightweight composites and cast alloys.
{"title":"Effect of friction stir processing on microstructural and mechanical properties of lightweight composites and cast metal alloys – A review","authors":"A. Srivastava, N. Kumar, Ambuj Saxena, S. Tiwari","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.2014667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.2014667","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state processing method that can be used as a microstructural modifier or a post-processing technique. It can be applied to refine the grain structure. It is an eco-friendly manufacturing approach with negligible harmful gases and can be applied to all types of engineering materials. With the continuous development in FSP, now it is used to develop surface composites. The ability to refine the grain structure and uniform dispersion of reinforcement particles with improved mechanical and microstructural properties make it preferable over most of the manufacturing methods. The present work highlights the mechanism of FSP, the effect of dependent and independent process parameters, tool parameters and temperature variation in different zones of the stirring. It also focused on the microstructural features and effect of FSP on mechanical properties such as tensile strength and microhardness of the lightweight composites and cast alloys.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"169 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46896526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1981034
Rezzan Ördek, L. C. Kumruoglu, Hüseyin Şevik
{"title":"The investigation of microstructure and high temperature mechanical properties of novel Mg-Al-Sn-Ce alloy produced by HPDC","authors":"Rezzan Ördek, L. C. Kumruoglu, Hüseyin Şevik","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1981034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1981034","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43365630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-25DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1970937
Deepak Patel, A. Kundu, Arjun Kundu, P. Biswas, H. Kotadia, A. Mallik, S. Das
ABSTRACT Al-Sn immiscible alloys possess enhanced tribological properties with increased fatigue strength, which makes them competent among self-lubricating bearing materials. In the present work, a direct chill (DC) casting simulator has been designed and manufactured to cast Al-Sn alloy by forced convection technology. The study embodies two different mechanisms for mechanical forced convection (MFC) by: (i) high shear (HS) rotor-stator device, (ii) conventional stirrer (CS) without stator. Shearing rate of 800 rpm for 60 seconds were kept constant for both the cases. Severe segregation of Sn has been observed in CS-DC cast billet due to prevailed phase separation and gravity sedimentation of Sn-rich phase from Al matrix. However, in the case of HS-DC cast billet uniform distribution of Sn and fine equiaxed grains throughout the volume of the billet has been achieved.
{"title":"In-house design of forced convection direct chill casting simulator for casting immiscible Al-Sn alloys","authors":"Deepak Patel, A. Kundu, Arjun Kundu, P. Biswas, H. Kotadia, A. Mallik, S. Das","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1970937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1970937","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Al-Sn immiscible alloys possess enhanced tribological properties with increased fatigue strength, which makes them competent among self-lubricating bearing materials. In the present work, a direct chill (DC) casting simulator has been designed and manufactured to cast Al-Sn alloy by forced convection technology. The study embodies two different mechanisms for mechanical forced convection (MFC) by: (i) high shear (HS) rotor-stator device, (ii) conventional stirrer (CS) without stator. Shearing rate of 800 rpm for 60 seconds were kept constant for both the cases. Severe segregation of Sn has been observed in CS-DC cast billet due to prevailed phase separation and gravity sedimentation of Sn-rich phase from Al matrix. However, in the case of HS-DC cast billet uniform distribution of Sn and fine equiaxed grains throughout the volume of the billet has been achieved.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"135 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45555128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-16DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1965738
M. Liepe, S. Duwe, Martin Schrumpf, R. Bähr, B. Tonn
ABSTRACT When designing a new material for hot rolling rolls, it is necessary to be aware of the conditions in the later utilisation phase. The first step is to quantify stresses, and temperatures the material must tolerate operating in the rolling mills. These characteristics are evaluated by direct measurements and hot rolling simulations. Simulations targeted the identification of the temporal and spatial temperature distribution permeating the roll during the entire rolling process. As a major influence varying cooling conditions had to be accounted for roll temperatures. As an output value the minimum yield stress was identified – the determining factor for the development of a high strength roll material for cast rolls.
{"title":"A new Ductile Iron for mechanically and thermally strained rolls Part 1: Simulation-based process characterization of hot rolling","authors":"M. Liepe, S. Duwe, Martin Schrumpf, R. Bähr, B. Tonn","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1965738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1965738","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT When designing a new material for hot rolling rolls, it is necessary to be aware of the conditions in the later utilisation phase. The first step is to quantify stresses, and temperatures the material must tolerate operating in the rolling mills. These characteristics are evaluated by direct measurements and hot rolling simulations. Simulations targeted the identification of the temporal and spatial temperature distribution permeating the roll during the entire rolling process. As a major influence varying cooling conditions had to be accounted for roll temperatures. As an output value the minimum yield stress was identified – the determining factor for the development of a high strength roll material for cast rolls.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"120 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46448718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1962639
S. Duwe, M. Liepe, Martin Schrumpf, B. Tonn, R. Bähr
ABSTRACT For manufacturing of steel wires, tubes and profiles in hot rolling mills, the toughest conditions occur in the front rolling stands where the mechanical load comes along with a constant change of hot rolling stock and cooling liquid. Conventional roll materials as pearlitic or acicular cast irons are not able to overcome these intense conditions because of their lack of ductility. A fine selection of alloying elements leads to a new material with a microstructure uniting bainite, austenite and martensite inducing high hardness and strength, without lacking elongation. For this purpose, a full-factorial design of experiments was created consisting of three alloying elements in two concentrations each. The alloys were cast, heat-treated and underwent extensive investigations on mechanical properties and microstructure. The results were analysed and implemented in mathematical models whose combination and optimisation led to the identification of the ideal alloy meeting the required strength, hardness and elongation.
{"title":"A new ductile iron for mechanically and thermally strained rolls Part 2: material development varying Ni, Mo, Cr content using DoE","authors":"S. Duwe, M. Liepe, Martin Schrumpf, B. Tonn, R. Bähr","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1962639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1962639","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For manufacturing of steel wires, tubes and profiles in hot rolling mills, the toughest conditions occur in the front rolling stands where the mechanical load comes along with a constant change of hot rolling stock and cooling liquid. Conventional roll materials as pearlitic or acicular cast irons are not able to overcome these intense conditions because of their lack of ductility. A fine selection of alloying elements leads to a new material with a microstructure uniting bainite, austenite and martensite inducing high hardness and strength, without lacking elongation. For this purpose, a full-factorial design of experiments was created consisting of three alloying elements in two concentrations each. The alloys were cast, heat-treated and underwent extensive investigations on mechanical properties and microstructure. The results were analysed and implemented in mathematical models whose combination and optimisation led to the identification of the ideal alloy meeting the required strength, hardness and elongation.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"127 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41878843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-26DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1945221
Yulong Cao, Yan-wu Dong, Guangqiang Li, Zhou-hua Jiang, Z. Zhao
ABSTRACT A bimetallic composite roll with the cladding layer of high-speed steel (HSS) and the roll core of ductile cast iron (DCI) was manufactured by the electroslag remelting cladding (ESRC) technology, and the changes in the graphite morphology, matrix structure, and mechanical properties of the DCI core before and after the ESRC process were compared. The DCI core was first heated to a very high temperature and then cooled down to room temperature during ESRC which led to a deteriorative graphite morphology with a low spheroidisation rate, a large size, and a nonuniform distribution and also caused a solid-state phase transformation of the matrix structure from lamellar pearlite + few carbides to bainite + large amounts of carbides. Based on the changes of graphite sphericity, matrix structure, carbides content, the tensile strength and impact toughness of DCI before and after the ESRC process changed from 458 MPa, 3.02 J/cm2 to 417 MPa, 5.74 J/cm2, respectively.
{"title":"Solid-state phase transformation of ductile cast iron during electroslag remelting cladding","authors":"Yulong Cao, Yan-wu Dong, Guangqiang Li, Zhou-hua Jiang, Z. Zhao","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1945221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1945221","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A bimetallic composite roll with the cladding layer of high-speed steel (HSS) and the roll core of ductile cast iron (DCI) was manufactured by the electroslag remelting cladding (ESRC) technology, and the changes in the graphite morphology, matrix structure, and mechanical properties of the DCI core before and after the ESRC process were compared. The DCI core was first heated to a very high temperature and then cooled down to room temperature during ESRC which led to a deteriorative graphite morphology with a low spheroidisation rate, a large size, and a nonuniform distribution and also caused a solid-state phase transformation of the matrix structure from lamellar pearlite + few carbides to bainite + large amounts of carbides. Based on the changes of graphite sphericity, matrix structure, carbides content, the tensile strength and impact toughness of DCI before and after the ESRC process changed from 458 MPa, 3.02 J/cm2 to 417 MPa, 5.74 J/cm2, respectively.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"111 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13640461.2021.1945221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48252807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1904673
Huaichao Wu, Xuanping Yang, Gang Cao, Limei Zhao, Lv Yang
ABSTRACT In this study, HPDC is introduced into the production of oil circuit board, aiming to solve forming defects and provide a complete design concept for the exploitation of die-casting process in large castings. First, the die-casting die was designed and its rationality was verified, but the unreasonable selection of injection process parameters caused casting non-conformance. Next, the experimental data of L25 orthogonal array of Taguchi method were used as training samples and the porosity of the die-cast part was examined in relation to casting variable parameters. Specifically, the velocity, temperature and injection pressure were mainly investigated, while the mathematical model passed the test of accuracy. Finally, Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm was used to optimise the model, achieving minimum porosity. The results have shown that the PSO algorithm optimisation results are better than the one produced by the Taguchi method, providing a significant improvement over the pre-optimisation results.
{"title":"Design and optimisation of die casting process for heavy-duty automatic transmission oil circuit board","authors":"Huaichao Wu, Xuanping Yang, Gang Cao, Limei Zhao, Lv Yang","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1904673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1904673","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, HPDC is introduced into the production of oil circuit board, aiming to solve forming defects and provide a complete design concept for the exploitation of die-casting process in large castings. First, the die-casting die was designed and its rationality was verified, but the unreasonable selection of injection process parameters caused casting non-conformance. Next, the experimental data of L25 orthogonal array of Taguchi method were used as training samples and the porosity of the die-cast part was examined in relation to casting variable parameters. Specifically, the velocity, temperature and injection pressure were mainly investigated, while the mathematical model passed the test of accuracy. Finally, Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) algorithm was used to optimise the model, achieving minimum porosity. The results have shown that the PSO algorithm optimisation results are better than the one produced by the Taguchi method, providing a significant improvement over the pre-optimisation results.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"88 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13640461.2021.1904673","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44730250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1917890
D. Sundaram, József Tamás Svidró, A. Diószegi, Judit Svidró
ABSTRACT Gas permeability of moulds and cores is an important factor to consider in the casting process. In foundries, gas permeability is measured by using instruments which give dimensionless numbers. This approach enables the comparison of values between samples and is often not quantified in units. In this study, a custom-made measurement system is introduced that applies Darcy’s law, where pressure gradients for different flow rates are studied. The Darcian permeability in standard cylindrical samples was determined using a method that is familiar with those in earth sciences. Two types, steady-state and unsteady-state approaches were used for the calculations, and the difference in permeability values generated by these two methods is discussed. The results of a silica sand sample with furan resin and a 3D-printed sample that consists of artificial granulous material with phenolic resin were compared.
{"title":"Measurement of Darcian Permeability of foundry sand mixtures","authors":"D. Sundaram, József Tamás Svidró, A. Diószegi, Judit Svidró","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1917890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1917890","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Gas permeability of moulds and cores is an important factor to consider in the casting process. In foundries, gas permeability is measured by using instruments which give dimensionless numbers. This approach enables the comparison of values between samples and is often not quantified in units. In this study, a custom-made measurement system is introduced that applies Darcy’s law, where pressure gradients for different flow rates are studied. The Darcian permeability in standard cylindrical samples was determined using a method that is familiar with those in earth sciences. Two types, steady-state and unsteady-state approaches were used for the calculations, and the difference in permeability values generated by these two methods is discussed. The results of a silica sand sample with furan resin and a 3D-printed sample that consists of artificial granulous material with phenolic resin were compared.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"97 - 103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13640461.2021.1917890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44671756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1912950
M. Tiryakioğlu
ABSTRACT The solubility of hydrogen in solid binary aluminium alloys has been investigated with data from the literature. As in liquid binary alloys, analysis has shown the effect of Cu, Mg, Si and Zn additions on normalised hydrogen solubility can be estimated by using exponential fits. The method developed previously to estimate hydrogen solubility in liquid commercial alloys has been extended to alloys in their solid state. Estimates for hydrogen solubility at the liquidus and solidus temperatures for five commercial alloys have been calculated. Estimates of the hydrogen solubility difference between liquid and solid alloys have shown that (i) the 206 alloy behaves exactly like pure aluminium (ii) 319 and A356 have much lower differences than pure aluminium, and (iii) hydrogen solubility at the solidus temperature is higher than at the liquidus temperature in alloy 380 and 383.
{"title":"On estimating the hydrogen solubility in solid aluminium alloys and the hydrogen solubility difference between the liquidus and solidus temperatures","authors":"M. Tiryakioğlu","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1912950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1912950","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The solubility of hydrogen in solid binary aluminium alloys has been investigated with data from the literature. As in liquid binary alloys, analysis has shown the effect of Cu, Mg, Si and Zn additions on normalised hydrogen solubility can be estimated by using exponential fits. The method developed previously to estimate hydrogen solubility in liquid commercial alloys has been extended to alloys in their solid state. Estimates for hydrogen solubility at the liquidus and solidus temperatures for five commercial alloys have been calculated. Estimates of the hydrogen solubility difference between liquid and solid alloys have shown that (i) the 206 alloy behaves exactly like pure aluminium (ii) 319 and A356 have much lower differences than pure aluminium, and (iii) hydrogen solubility at the solidus temperature is higher than at the liquidus temperature in alloy 380 and 383.","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"83 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13640461.2021.1912950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47462265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-04DOI: 10.1080/13640461.2021.1898150
Bingxu Wang, Yuming Pan, G. Barber, Rui Wang
ABSTRACT In this research, the effects of laser surface hardening treatment on the phase transformation of austempered and quench-tempered grey cast irons were investigated. It was found that there were four zones in the matrix of austempered grey cast iron and three zones in the matrix of quench-tempered grey cast iron produced by the laser hardening process. Both cast irons had central laser-hardened zones containing ledeburite (Zone 1) and heat-affected zones (Zone 2) containing martensite. For austempering, an additional heat-affected zone (Zone 3) consisting of tempered ausferrite and a substrate (Zone 4) consisting of ausferrite was formed in the matrix, the dimensions of the laser-hardened and heat-affected regions were independent of the austempering and tempering temperatures. The results reported in this work could be used as a valuable reference for future research on laser-hardened grey cast iron applications. For quench tempering, the substrate (Zone 4) consisted of tempered martensite. Additionally
{"title":"Phase transformation of austempered and quench-tempered gray cast irons under laser surface hardening treatment","authors":"Bingxu Wang, Yuming Pan, G. Barber, Rui Wang","doi":"10.1080/13640461.2021.1898150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2021.1898150","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this research, the effects of laser surface hardening treatment on the phase transformation of austempered and quench-tempered grey cast irons were investigated. It was found that there were four zones in the matrix of austempered grey cast iron and three zones in the matrix of quench-tempered grey cast iron produced by the laser hardening process. Both cast irons had central laser-hardened zones containing ledeburite (Zone 1) and heat-affected zones (Zone 2) containing martensite. For austempering, an additional heat-affected zone (Zone 3) consisting of tempered ausferrite and a substrate (Zone 4) consisting of ausferrite was formed in the matrix, the dimensions of the laser-hardened and heat-affected regions were independent of the austempering and tempering temperatures. The results reported in this work could be used as a valuable reference for future research on laser-hardened grey cast iron applications. For quench tempering, the substrate (Zone 4) consisted of tempered martensite. Additionally","PeriodicalId":13939,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Cast Metals Research","volume":"34 1","pages":"70 - 74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/13640461.2021.1898150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48571300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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