Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2023/061152023
The purpose of this paper is the concept of a reconfigurable antenna is presented. Reconfigurable antennas can provide various functions in operating frequencies, beam pattern, polarization. A reconfigurable antenna is implemented using CST Software. The total size of antenna is 30 X 28.4 mm2 .The reconfigurable antenna operates in frequency band. It is Printed on Rogers RT5880 substrate. The S-Parameters is calculated and is compared with the existing model. We used the commercially available software CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (electromagnetic simulator) which is based on the FDTD method, to simulate the reconfigurable antenna and to determine the electromagnetic characteristics of this antenna (S11, VSWR). The frequency band more than 3.4 GHz and magnitude has been identified as a worthy candidate for 5G communications because of spectrum availability. By using substrate as Rogers RT5880, and we have achieved the requirement frequency band and magnitude which are more than the 3.4 GHz and more than -20dB respectively.
{"title":"Reconfigurable Antenna for Wi-Fi and 5G Applications using Rogers RT5880","authors":"","doi":"10.30534/ijeter/2023/061152023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2023/061152023","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is the concept of a reconfigurable antenna is presented. Reconfigurable antennas can provide various functions in operating frequencies, beam pattern, polarization. A reconfigurable antenna is implemented using CST Software. The total size of antenna is 30 X 28.4 mm2 .The reconfigurable antenna operates in frequency band. It is Printed on Rogers RT5880 substrate. The S-Parameters is calculated and is compared with the existing model. We used the commercially available software CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (electromagnetic simulator) which is based on the FDTD method, to simulate the reconfigurable antenna and to determine the electromagnetic characteristics of this antenna (S11, VSWR). The frequency band more than 3.4 GHz and magnitude has been identified as a worthy candidate for 5G communications because of spectrum availability. By using substrate as Rogers RT5880, and we have achieved the requirement frequency band and magnitude which are more than the 3.4 GHz and more than -20dB respectively.","PeriodicalId":13964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134959622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2023/071152023
The properties of a MOS device on (100) oriented β-Ga2O3 semiconductor are determined theoretically utilizing the concept of physics that the carrier effective masses in materials are related to the intrinsic Fermi energy levels in materials by the universal mass-energy equivalence equation given as dE/E = dm/m, where E is the energy and m is the free electron mass. The known parameters of isotropic electron effective mass of 0.27m and the bandgap of 4.8 eV for β-Ga2O3 semiconductor are utilized to determine the properties of the MOS device along with the parameter of threshold for electron heating in SiO2 as 2 MV/cm-eV.
{"title":"Theoretically Calculated Properties of a MOS Device on Gallium Oxide","authors":"","doi":"10.30534/ijeter/2023/071152023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2023/071152023","url":null,"abstract":"The properties of a MOS device on (100) oriented β-Ga2O3 semiconductor are determined theoretically utilizing the concept of physics that the carrier effective masses in materials are related to the intrinsic Fermi energy levels in materials by the universal mass-energy equivalence equation given as dE/E = dm/m, where E is the energy and m is the free electron mass. The known parameters of isotropic electron effective mass of 0.27m and the bandgap of 4.8 eV for β-Ga2O3 semiconductor are utilized to determine the properties of the MOS device along with the parameter of threshold for electron heating in SiO2 as 2 MV/cm-eV.","PeriodicalId":13964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42610525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2023/051152023
In this paper, a concept for Microstrip Patch antennas are presented. The antenna has a working frequency of 1.8-2.9 THz and a dielectric constant of 4. SiO2 is the substrate material. THz band communication will make it possible to use new applications, easing the wireless systems. Antennas are designed using CST simulation software. The designed antenna could be used for data transmission, spectroscopy, and a variety of sensors. The performance analyses of the S-parameter, Reference impedance, and total efficiency are calculated.
{"title":"Double Port MIMO Antenna for THz Applications using Graphene Patch","authors":"","doi":"10.30534/ijeter/2023/051152023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2023/051152023","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a concept for Microstrip Patch antennas are presented. The antenna has a working frequency of 1.8-2.9 THz and a dielectric constant of 4. SiO2 is the substrate material. THz band communication will make it possible to use new applications, easing the wireless systems. Antennas are designed using CST simulation software. The designed antenna could be used for data transmission, spectroscopy, and a variety of sensors. The performance analyses of the S-parameter, Reference impedance, and total efficiency are calculated.","PeriodicalId":13964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41910361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2023/031152023
In wireless communication system antenna plays crucial role. Thus, antenna used every wireless communication system should be low weight, low profile, low cost, smaller in dimension and conformity. A microstrip patch antenna fulfils all these requirements. In this paper a circular shaped microstrip patch antenna for Body Area Network (BAN) application in the 2.45 GHz ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) band is suggested. To enhance Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The suggested antenna offers a gain of over 1 dB for the whole 2.45 GHz ISM band application of proposed antenna is in fields of Medical, Military, Sports, Defence etc. Various antenna parameters like return loss, VSWR, directivity, gain etc has been computed and analyzed using HFSS software.
{"title":"Circular Shape Microstrip Patch Antenna for Body Area Network Application","authors":"","doi":"10.30534/ijeter/2023/031152023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2023/031152023","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless communication system antenna plays crucial role. Thus, antenna used every wireless communication system should be low weight, low profile, low cost, smaller in dimension and conformity. A microstrip patch antenna fulfils all these requirements. In this paper a circular shaped microstrip patch antenna for Body Area Network (BAN) application in the 2.45 GHz ISM (Industrial Scientific Medical) band is suggested. To enhance Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The suggested antenna offers a gain of over 1 dB for the whole 2.45 GHz ISM band application of proposed antenna is in fields of Medical, Military, Sports, Defence etc. Various antenna parameters like return loss, VSWR, directivity, gain etc has been computed and analyzed using HFSS software.","PeriodicalId":13964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46857008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2023/131152023
Analog to digital converter plays a very important role in today’s digitized world as they have wide range of applications. Wallace tree encoder is an effective hardware implementation in VLSI circuits that is utilized for the analogue to digital conversion process. The Wallace tree encoder transforms thermometer code into binary code in an ADC. The suggested flash digital to analogue converter confirmed the energy, and speed. The proposed technique provides Less Delay, Less Power Consumption, and a lesser number of transistors compared to existing techniques. In this project, the proposed transmission gate full adder technique provide Less Delay, Less Power Consumption, Better Power Delay Product and a lesser number of transistors. The proposed encoder is made to count the 1s available to the logic gates for designing ROM encoders and fat tree conversion. The power may be conserved by building a low power, high performance Wallace tree encoder implementing transmission gate logic and modified full adders since Wallace tree encoder uses more power. The proposed system focuses at lowering the transistor count to improve power efficiency and delay comparator, and it is effective in minimizing the bubble errors. The Wallace tree encoder is designed by using transmission gate based full adder circuits. The proposed designs are designed and simulated using LTspice Tool with 45nm CMOS technology. The power consumption of the encoder circuit must be decreased in order to create a low power Flash ADC. The power consumption of this encoder changes noticeably when the internal full adder circuit is modified
{"title":"Design of Wallace Tree Encoder for Flash ADC","authors":"","doi":"10.30534/ijeter/2023/131152023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2023/131152023","url":null,"abstract":"Analog to digital converter plays a very important role in today’s digitized world as they have wide range of applications. Wallace tree encoder is an effective hardware implementation in VLSI circuits that is utilized for the analogue to digital conversion process. The Wallace tree encoder transforms thermometer code into binary code in an ADC. The suggested flash digital to analogue converter confirmed the energy, and speed. The proposed technique provides Less Delay, Less Power Consumption, and a lesser number of transistors compared to existing techniques. In this project, the proposed transmission gate full adder technique provide Less Delay, Less Power Consumption, Better Power Delay Product and a lesser number of transistors. The proposed encoder is made to count the 1s available to the logic gates for designing ROM encoders and fat tree conversion. The power may be conserved by building a low power, high performance Wallace tree encoder implementing transmission gate logic and modified full adders since Wallace tree encoder uses more power. The proposed system focuses at lowering the transistor count to improve power efficiency and delay comparator, and it is effective in minimizing the bubble errors. The Wallace tree encoder is designed by using transmission gate based full adder circuits. The proposed designs are designed and simulated using LTspice Tool with 45nm CMOS technology. The power consumption of the encoder circuit must be decreased in order to create a low power Flash ADC. The power consumption of this encoder changes noticeably when the internal full adder circuit is modified","PeriodicalId":13964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47752825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2023/111152023
The design and description of a dual band electromagnetic (EM) absorber for the C-band and Ku-band are presented in this study paper. In the proposed structure the absorber is composed of two ring and four-square resonators. The Two ring resonators, four square resonators and ground of the proposed microwave metamaterial absorber are made of copper(annealed) with FR-4(lossy) serving as the substrate. The suggested structure has an absorption bandwidth of 400 MHz and 600 MHz with absorption peaks of 99.60% and 99.54% at resonant center frequencies of 7.42 GHz and 13.32 GHz respectively. The results demonstrated that such an absorber does have good absorption and is polarization-independent about large incident angles for both TE mode and TM mode in the two absorption bands
{"title":"Design of a Dual Band Metamaterial Absorber","authors":"","doi":"10.30534/ijeter/2023/111152023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2023/111152023","url":null,"abstract":"The design and description of a dual band electromagnetic (EM) absorber for the C-band and Ku-band are presented in this study paper. In the proposed structure the absorber is composed of two ring and four-square resonators. The Two ring resonators, four square resonators and ground of the proposed microwave metamaterial absorber are made of copper(annealed) with FR-4(lossy) serving as the substrate. The suggested structure has an absorption bandwidth of 400 MHz and 600 MHz with absorption peaks of 99.60% and 99.54% at resonant center frequencies of 7.42 GHz and 13.32 GHz respectively. The results demonstrated that such an absorber does have good absorption and is polarization-independent about large incident angles for both TE mode and TM mode in the two absorption bands","PeriodicalId":13964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45314311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-08DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2023/021142023
Due of its amorphous-like properties, geopolymer concrete (GPC) possesses good quasi-brittle behavior. New studies has revealed that polypropylene fibre can also be used to concrete to increase the material's strength. In the ongoing work, a novel geopolymer concrete (FGPC) that was modified with polypropylene fibres been created as a replacement to conventional cement concrete. FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and the BET adsorption-desorption isotherm model were employed to evaluate the nanoproperties of the geopolymer concrete modified with polypropylene fibre. The maximum compressive strength will be most probably present in the developed concrete. Comparing FGPC to GPC and OPC, the pore capacity of FGPC was decreased by 0.025705 cm3/g and the water absorption was decreased. The substance in FGPC's SEM picture is denser than that in OPC and GPC. The interfacial bond between the minerals and the utilization of polypropylene fibre enhance the durability of geopolymer concrete, which was additionally supported by FTIR technique. Micro - cracks on the surface of OPC and GPC reduce compressive strength while enhancing porosity and water absorption
{"title":"Nanoproperties of Fly Ash based Geopolymer Concrete with Polypropylene Fibres","authors":"","doi":"10.30534/ijeter/2023/021142023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2023/021142023","url":null,"abstract":"Due of its amorphous-like properties, geopolymer concrete (GPC) possesses good quasi-brittle behavior. New studies has revealed that polypropylene fibre can also be used to concrete to increase the material's strength. In the ongoing work, a novel geopolymer concrete (FGPC) that was modified with polypropylene fibres been created as a replacement to conventional cement concrete. FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and the BET adsorption-desorption isotherm model were employed to evaluate the nanoproperties of the geopolymer concrete modified with polypropylene fibre. The maximum compressive strength will be most probably present in the developed concrete. Comparing FGPC to GPC and OPC, the pore capacity of FGPC was decreased by 0.025705 cm3/g and the water absorption was decreased. The substance in FGPC's SEM picture is denser than that in OPC and GPC. The interfacial bond between the minerals and the utilization of polypropylene fibre enhance the durability of geopolymer concrete, which was additionally supported by FTIR technique. Micro - cracks on the surface of OPC and GPC reduce compressive strength while enhancing porosity and water absorption","PeriodicalId":13964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48579621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-08DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2023/011142023
S.F. Musaev, G. Samieva
In this paper, the stability of shoe sole compositions to various aggressive media was studied: in water, in gasoline, in diesel fuel, in antifreeze, in industrial oil, in acetone and ethyl acetate. The kinetics of swelling of polymer compositions in various aggressive media for 3 days was determined. It has been determined that the type of filler in the composition has a significant impact on the oil and petrol resistance of the material, therefore, a correctly selected filler will make it possible to significantly improve the ability of sole materials to resist aggressive media. Samples of sole materials were subjected to natural, thermal and light aging. It has been proved that the obtained compositions for casting parts of the bottom of the shoe well withstand tests for natural and artificial aging and can be recommended for use in working conditions with increased thermal and light exposure.
{"title":"Study of the Resistance of Shoe Sole Compositions to various Aggressive Environments","authors":"S.F. Musaev, G. Samieva","doi":"10.30534/ijeter/2023/011142023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2023/011142023","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the stability of shoe sole compositions to various aggressive media was studied: in water, in gasoline, in diesel fuel, in antifreeze, in industrial oil, in acetone and ethyl acetate. The kinetics of swelling of polymer compositions in various aggressive media for 3 days was determined. It has been determined that the type of filler in the composition has a significant impact on the oil and petrol resistance of the material, therefore, a correctly selected filler will make it possible to significantly improve the ability of sole materials to resist aggressive media. Samples of sole materials were subjected to natural, thermal and light aging. It has been proved that the obtained compositions for casting parts of the bottom of the shoe well withstand tests for natural and artificial aging and can be recommended for use in working conditions with increased thermal and light exposure.","PeriodicalId":13964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45397747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2023/021132023
The paper aims to introduce some general concepts and issues about the complex operation of masonry vaulted structures. General setup is presented with formulas for analytical treatment, and checks about current operative and collapse conditions. Concepts are later used to verify the functioning of a vaulted structure embedded in the monumental Santa Margherita Nuova complex in Procida using FEM analyses.
{"title":"Limit analysis of masonry vaulted structures: the Santa Margherita Nuova Complex in Procida","authors":"","doi":"10.30534/ijeter/2023/021132023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2023/021132023","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to introduce some general concepts and issues about the complex operation of masonry vaulted structures. General setup is presented with formulas for analytical treatment, and checks about current operative and collapse conditions. Concepts are later used to verify the functioning of a vaulted structure embedded in the monumental Santa Margherita Nuova complex in Procida using FEM analyses.","PeriodicalId":13964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44357953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.30534/ijeter/2023/031132023
This paper addresses data management threats, challenges, and measures for mitigation of such data threats in the telecommunication industry. The telecommunications industry handles tonnes of essential, personal and sensitive data on staff, clients and customers. This data is critical in developing product lines and marketing strategies for telecom companies, opening them up to opportunities that otherwise would have been beyond their reach. As a result, telecom companies’ databases are rendered vulnerable to violation and unauthorised access from insiders, third-party entities, as well as hackers. They have become premium target for cyberattacks, malware, interference, data theft and loss of vital data. While systems for the management of data in the telecom industry are crucial in gathering, storing, and analysing data, it is equally important for such systems to be efficient enough to provide a safe and secure mode of accessing, analysing and storing data assets. This is to prevent illegitimate use of sensitive data, cyberattacks, malware and data infringements on telecom data assets.
{"title":"Data Management Challenges and Resolutions in the Telecommunication Industry","authors":"","doi":"10.30534/ijeter/2023/031132023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30534/ijeter/2023/031132023","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses data management threats, challenges, and measures for mitigation of such data threats in the telecommunication industry. The telecommunications industry handles tonnes of essential, personal and sensitive data on staff, clients and customers. This data is critical in developing product lines and marketing strategies for telecom companies, opening them up to opportunities that otherwise would have been beyond their reach. As a result, telecom companies’ databases are rendered vulnerable to violation and unauthorised access from insiders, third-party entities, as well as hackers. They have become premium target for cyberattacks, malware, interference, data theft and loss of vital data. While systems for the management of data in the telecom industry are crucial in gathering, storing, and analysing data, it is equally important for such systems to be efficient enough to provide a safe and secure mode of accessing, analysing and storing data assets. This is to prevent illegitimate use of sensitive data, cyberattacks, malware and data infringements on telecom data assets.","PeriodicalId":13964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42457442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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