The centrifugal pump operation under gas-liquid two phase flow condition is a common problem in the oil and gas industry. Same problem is encountered in electrical submersible pumps. Moreover in the loss of coolant accidents (LOCA) the water in the pressurized water reactor flashes into steam and pump is operated in steam-water two phase flow condition. The performance of the centrifugal pump is found to be decreased under gas-liquid two phase flow condition. However, the limited literatures are available for the study. In this scenario, this paper presents the experimental work to investigate the performance of centrifugal pump operated in gas-liquid two phase flow condition. The performance of pump working in water phase flow condition is analyzed at different rotational speed to validate the result with standard performance characteristics. Then experiments are performed by introducing the air at inlet of a pump. The performance of a pump working under air-water flow condition is found to be deteriorated continuously from part load to overload operating condition. Keywords—Centrifugal pump; single phase flow; two phase flow; performance.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of a Centrifugal Pump Working Under Gas-Liquid Two Phase Flow Condition","authors":"A. Zende, Akshay Nathgosavi, Rushikesh Gawade, Shrikant Patil, Vinayak Nikam, Rahul Gaji","doi":"10.17577/IJERTV9IS090330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS090330","url":null,"abstract":"The centrifugal pump operation under gas-liquid two phase flow condition is a common problem in the oil and gas industry. Same problem is encountered in electrical submersible pumps. Moreover in the loss of coolant accidents (LOCA) the water in the pressurized water reactor flashes into steam and pump is operated in steam-water two phase flow condition. The performance of the centrifugal pump is found to be decreased under gas-liquid two phase flow condition. However, the limited literatures are available for the study. In this scenario, this paper presents the experimental work to investigate the performance of centrifugal pump operated in gas-liquid two phase flow condition. The performance of pump working in water phase flow condition is analyzed at different rotational speed to validate the result with standard performance characteristics. Then experiments are performed by introducing the air at inlet of a pump. The performance of a pump working under air-water flow condition is found to be deteriorated continuously from part load to overload operating condition. Keywords—Centrifugal pump; single phase flow; two phase flow; performance.","PeriodicalId":13986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85803557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS090282
B. S. Teja, Vadla Sai Charith
{"title":"Consequences and Determinants Towards Business Analytics Success","authors":"B. S. Teja, Vadla Sai Charith","doi":"10.17577/IJERTV9IS090282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS090282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78096111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS090303
Pratik Magar, Sanjay Singh, Swapnil Mishra, P. Gaikwad
The method for real time Hand Gesture Recognition and feature extraction using a web camera. For humans, hands are used most frequently to communicate and interact with machines. Mouse and Keyboard are the basic input/output to computers and the use of both the devices require the use of hands. Most important and immediate information exchange between man and machine is through visual and aural aid, but this communication is one-sided. To help somewhat mouse remedies this problem, but there are limitations as well. Although hands are most commonly used for day to day physical manipulation tasks, but in some cases they are also used for communication. Hand gestures support us in our daily communications to convey our messages clearly. Hands are most important for mute and deaf people, who depends on their hands and gestures to communicate, so hand gestures are vital for communication in sign language. Hand gesture interaction has been the trending technology for humancomputer interaction (HCI). Frequently a number of research works are carried out in this area to expedite and contrive interaction with computers. In this project, we are attempting to create a real-time human-computer interaction system (HCI) using different hand gestures i.e, hand signs. We implemented a system that recognizes the hand gesture performed using the simple web camera of a PC. We used the already established OpenCV library with TensorFlow to implement the various methods of Image Processing. Operations that were carried out were Capturing frames, Background Subtraction using MOG filter, Noise Reduction using Gaussian Blur, converting the captured image to binary image, finding the contours through Convex Hull method which is used for removing convexity defects and segment the image. Using these segmented images we built our own dataset that was used to train the model with TensorFlow. Then we used these methods again for the segmentation of the input image which is then passed to the model to get the output class label. Index Terms HCI, GOS, CNN, GUI, ROI, GPU.
{"title":"Carry Out Computer Tasks with Gesture using Image Pre-Processing and TensorFlow Framework","authors":"Pratik Magar, Sanjay Singh, Swapnil Mishra, P. Gaikwad","doi":"10.17577/IJERTV9IS090303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS090303","url":null,"abstract":"The method for real time Hand Gesture Recognition and feature extraction using a web camera. For humans, hands are used most frequently to communicate and interact with machines. Mouse and Keyboard are the basic input/output to computers and the use of both the devices require the use of hands. Most important and immediate information exchange between man and machine is through visual and aural aid, but this communication is one-sided. To help somewhat mouse remedies this problem, but there are limitations as well. Although hands are most commonly used for day to day physical manipulation tasks, but in some cases they are also used for communication. Hand gestures support us in our daily communications to convey our messages clearly. Hands are most important for mute and deaf people, who depends on their hands and gestures to communicate, so hand gestures are vital for communication in sign language. Hand gesture interaction has been the trending technology for humancomputer interaction (HCI). Frequently a number of research works are carried out in this area to expedite and contrive interaction with computers. In this project, we are attempting to create a real-time human-computer interaction system (HCI) using different hand gestures i.e, hand signs. We implemented a system that recognizes the hand gesture performed using the simple web camera of a PC. We used the already established OpenCV library with TensorFlow to implement the various methods of Image Processing. Operations that were carried out were Capturing frames, Background Subtraction using MOG filter, Noise Reduction using Gaussian Blur, converting the captured image to binary image, finding the contours through Convex Hull method which is used for removing convexity defects and segment the image. Using these segmented images we built our own dataset that was used to train the model with TensorFlow. Then we used these methods again for the segmentation of the input image which is then passed to the model to get the output class label. Index Terms HCI, GOS, CNN, GUI, ROI, GPU.","PeriodicalId":13986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79739813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS090223
Siddhi Santosh Reelkar, U. V. Patil, V. Khatavkar, Hrishikesh Mehta, Utkarsh Alset
A theoretic review of electromagnetic coil-gun launcher and its types are illustrated in this paper. In recent years conventional launchers like steam launchers, chemical launchers are replaced by electromagnetic launchers with auxiliary benefits. The electromagnetic launchers like railgun and coil-gun elevated with multi pole field structure delivers great muzzle velocity and huge repulse force in limited time. Various types of coil-gun electromagnetic launchers are compared in this paper for its structures and characteristics. The paper focuses on the basic formulae for calculating the values of inductance and resistance of electromagnetic
{"title":"Electromagnetic Launcher : Review of Various Structures","authors":"Siddhi Santosh Reelkar, U. V. Patil, V. Khatavkar, Hrishikesh Mehta, Utkarsh Alset","doi":"10.17577/IJERTV9IS090223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS090223","url":null,"abstract":"A theoretic review of electromagnetic coil-gun launcher and its types are illustrated in this paper. In recent years conventional launchers like steam launchers, chemical launchers are replaced by electromagnetic launchers with auxiliary benefits. The electromagnetic launchers like railgun and coil-gun elevated with multi pole field structure delivers great muzzle velocity and huge repulse force in limited time. Various types of coil-gun electromagnetic launchers are compared in this paper for its structures and characteristics. The paper focuses on the basic formulae for calculating the values of inductance and resistance of electromagnetic","PeriodicalId":13986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77664918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS090355
Pardeep Singh, V. Khandelwal
The demand of utilization of the waste product from the industries is at its peak therefore, several experimental investigations have been carried out to examine their physical and chemical properties when they are used as a replacement material in concrete. This lead to the revolutionary techniques which achieved high strength parameters. The crushed concrete is the most impeccable technique to produce the recycled aggregate. It can also be derived from any kind of concrete debris. The main advantage of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is that it resembles the same properties as that of concrete. Sugar bagasse ash (SBA) is the burnt by product of sugarcane’s bagasse. It is very fine and it becomes the main advantage of bagasse ash. Another type of replacement material is marble waste powder and it is derived by cutting and polishing the marble. In the present experimental study, which was conducted in an attempt to utilize these waste product, design mix of concrete was designed by partially replacing cement with bagasse ash, fine aggregate with marble powder and coarse aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate at varying proportions. Different tests were conducted in order to evaluate and determine its strength parameters. The gist, the conclusion which was made for the present study is that the compressive strength and flexural strength tends to increase at the beginning and gives maximum value for the design mix containing 20% SBA, 20% Marble Powder and 25% RCA and after this the strength starts to fall. The maximum split tensile strength was achieved with the design mix which entails 20% SBA, 40% Marble Powder and 25% RCA whereas, other mixes gives satisfactory result.
{"title":"A Study based upon the Mechanical and Durable Properties of Concrete using Sugarcane Ash, Marble waste Powder and Recycled Aggregate as Partial Replacement of OPC, Fine Aggregate and Coarse Aggregate Respectively","authors":"Pardeep Singh, V. Khandelwal","doi":"10.17577/IJERTV9IS090355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS090355","url":null,"abstract":"The demand of utilization of the waste product from the industries is at its peak therefore, several experimental investigations have been carried out to examine their physical and chemical properties when they are used as a replacement material in concrete. This lead to the revolutionary techniques which achieved high strength parameters. The crushed concrete is the most impeccable technique to produce the recycled aggregate. It can also be derived from any kind of concrete debris. The main advantage of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is that it resembles the same properties as that of concrete. Sugar bagasse ash (SBA) is the burnt by product of sugarcane’s bagasse. It is very fine and it becomes the main advantage of bagasse ash. Another type of replacement material is marble waste powder and it is derived by cutting and polishing the marble. In the present experimental study, which was conducted in an attempt to utilize these waste product, design mix of concrete was designed by partially replacing cement with bagasse ash, fine aggregate with marble powder and coarse aggregate with recycled concrete aggregate at varying proportions. Different tests were conducted in order to evaluate and determine its strength parameters. The gist, the conclusion which was made for the present study is that the compressive strength and flexural strength tends to increase at the beginning and gives maximum value for the design mix containing 20% SBA, 20% Marble Powder and 25% RCA and after this the strength starts to fall. The maximum split tensile strength was achieved with the design mix which entails 20% SBA, 40% Marble Powder and 25% RCA whereas, other mixes gives satisfactory result.","PeriodicalId":13986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80803584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS090339
M. Rajkumar, M. Soundarrajan, Queen Mary
{"title":"Design Optimization and Analysis of Braking System of Go-Kart","authors":"M. Rajkumar, M. Soundarrajan, Queen Mary","doi":"10.17577/IJERTV9IS090339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS090339","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82233724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS090340
Ajim I. Pathan, Aishwarya P. Kulkarni, Nikita Gaikwad, Prajakta M. Powar, A. Surve
One of the biggest natural disasters India had ever faced was floods in Western Maharashtra in August 2005 and August 2019. The primary objective of this research is to provide an innovative and sustainable solution required to monitor flood situations and perform rescue operations in the worst affected Sangli, Kolhapur and Satara districts. This attempt aims at providing IoT-based flood detection and AI-based rescue operation through the system. This research makes use of Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence technologies to provide a reliable and implementable solution for the above problem. This innovative approach uses Arduino Uno microcontroller for flood detection based on rise of water level, humidity, atmospheric pressure and temperature measured through BMP180 sensor. Raspberry Pi has been used for carrying out drone-based rescue operations by detecting the number of people stuck in flooded regions using YOLO object detection algorithm and notifying concerned authorities about them through web portal and mobile application. Keywords— Artificial Intelligence, Drones, Flood Monitoring System, Flood Rescue System, Internet of Things
{"title":"An IoT and AI based Flood Monitoring and Rescue System","authors":"Ajim I. Pathan, Aishwarya P. Kulkarni, Nikita Gaikwad, Prajakta M. Powar, A. Surve","doi":"10.17577/IJERTV9IS090340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS090340","url":null,"abstract":"One of the biggest natural disasters India had ever faced was floods in Western Maharashtra in August 2005 and August 2019. The primary objective of this research is to provide an innovative and sustainable solution required to monitor flood situations and perform rescue operations in the worst affected Sangli, Kolhapur and Satara districts. This attempt aims at providing IoT-based flood detection and AI-based rescue operation through the system. This research makes use of Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence technologies to provide a reliable and implementable solution for the above problem. This innovative approach uses Arduino Uno microcontroller for flood detection based on rise of water level, humidity, atmospheric pressure and temperature measured through BMP180 sensor. Raspberry Pi has been used for carrying out drone-based rescue operations by detecting the number of people stuck in flooded regions using YOLO object detection algorithm and notifying concerned authorities about them through web portal and mobile application. Keywords— Artificial Intelligence, Drones, Flood Monitoring System, Flood Rescue System, Internet of Things","PeriodicalId":13986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73522362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS090319
Achint Kaur
This study examined the association of 3 primary colors blue, red and yellow (Munsell color system) and 3 neutral colors: black, white and grey to 4 emotions: happiness, fear, anger and sadness, in females 18-21 years old. The undergraduate females from various background, courses and age were required to associate the colors to the specific emotions and state why. It was predicted that the three primary colors would be associated with high energy emotions such as anger and happiness and the three neutral colors with low energy emotions such as sadness and fear in the sample. In the results, more than half of the subjects associated the primary colors with happiness, anger. Black, was associated majorly with happiness, red with fear, grey to sadness, White with fear. The color blue was poorly linked with anger and strongly with happiness like the color yellow across all the age groups.
{"title":"A Link Between Colors and Emotions; A Study of Undergraduate Females","authors":"Achint Kaur","doi":"10.17577/IJERTV9IS090319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS090319","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the association of 3 primary colors blue, red and yellow (Munsell color system) and 3 neutral colors: black, white and grey to 4 emotions: happiness, fear, anger and sadness, in females 18-21 years old. The undergraduate females from various background, courses and age were required to associate the colors to the specific emotions and state why. It was predicted that the three primary colors would be associated with high energy emotions such as anger and happiness and the three neutral colors with low energy emotions such as sadness and fear in the sample. In the results, more than half of the subjects associated the primary colors with happiness, anger. Black, was associated majorly with happiness, red with fear, grey to sadness, White with fear. The color blue was poorly linked with anger and strongly with happiness like the color yellow across all the age groups.","PeriodicalId":13986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72853192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS090239
Shubham Watharkar, Sandesh Dhavale, Pranav Kochrekar, R. Jadhav, Deepali Phadatare
Foamed concrete is a material which basically consist of cement based mortar with minimum (atleast ) 20-25 % of air by volume. It has lower strength than conventional concrete. It is a non loadbearing structure element. Now a days investigation is carried out on the concrete blocks by varying density of foam in quary dust. Constro chem foaming agent is a synthetic foam which is used to vary the density of concrete. The main aim of this project is to decrease the density of concrete by using optimum amount of foam. The results are discussed in detail with respect to test conducted such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength with varying quantity of glass fibre and foam. In civil engineering works foamed cement concrete can be used in numerous ways as it has unique characteristics which can be exploited in works. Foamed concrete will flow readily from an outlet to fill restricted and irregular cavities, it requires no compaction and it can be pumped by a significant distance or height. Therefore it can be used as a free flowing and self setting fills. This report provides a detailed summary of foam concrete with respect to constituents, production, engineering properties and use.
{"title":"Cellular Light Weight Concrete using Glass Fiber","authors":"Shubham Watharkar, Sandesh Dhavale, Pranav Kochrekar, R. Jadhav, Deepali Phadatare","doi":"10.17577/IJERTV9IS090239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS090239","url":null,"abstract":"Foamed concrete is a material which basically consist of cement based mortar with minimum (atleast ) 20-25 % of air by volume. It has lower strength than conventional concrete. It is a non loadbearing structure element. Now a days investigation is carried out on the concrete blocks by varying density of foam in quary dust. Constro chem foaming agent is a synthetic foam which is used to vary the density of concrete. The main aim of this project is to decrease the density of concrete by using optimum amount of foam. The results are discussed in detail with respect to test conducted such as compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength with varying quantity of glass fibre and foam. In civil engineering works foamed cement concrete can be used in numerous ways as it has unique characteristics which can be exploited in works. Foamed concrete will flow readily from an outlet to fill restricted and irregular cavities, it requires no compaction and it can be pumped by a significant distance or height. Therefore it can be used as a free flowing and self setting fills. This report provides a detailed summary of foam concrete with respect to constituents, production, engineering properties and use.","PeriodicalId":13986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84056745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-24DOI: 10.17577/IJERTV9IS090230
U. SomeshM, U. Murthy
Biodiesel is a popular alternative fuel. It is carbon neutral, has emissions equivalent to or below diesel, is biodegradable, non-toxic, and is significantly cheaper to manufacture than its petroleum equivalent. Biodiesel production creates glycerin as a byproduct. Although glycerin does have its commercial uses, even the current modest biodiesel production has outstripped glycerin demand. In this experiment the excess waste glycerin is combined with waste biomass to produce combustible pellets as an alternative to coal for energy production. The raw materials (waste glycerin and waste biomass) are mixed by weight ratio and blended by hand in a large mixing bowl. Various ratios of glycerin (38.5g and 31.3g) to waste biomass (50g) were then mixed to produce a crude unfinished material. Initial results proved worthwhile, coming in at 15.4, 15.6, and 15.2 kJ/g and displaying a respectable error rate of only 10% for ad-hoc apparatus. The Glycerin/Sawdust pellets produced an energy yield of ≈16 kJ/g, placing their energy content within the expected range for existing fuel pellet infrastructure. The pellets can be viably manufactured using simple manufacturing equipment, and can be combusted as fuel in existing fuel pellet and Coal burning facilities. This will greatly facilitate pellet production and adoption as an alternative fuel source in increasingly resource-conscious world.
{"title":"Production of Zero Waste Biodiesel by Utilizing By-Products Glycerin and Biomass","authors":"U. SomeshM, U. Murthy","doi":"10.17577/IJERTV9IS090230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV9IS090230","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel is a popular alternative fuel. It is carbon neutral, has emissions equivalent to or below diesel, is biodegradable, non-toxic, and is significantly cheaper to manufacture than its petroleum equivalent. Biodiesel production creates glycerin as a byproduct. Although glycerin does have its commercial uses, even the current modest biodiesel production has outstripped glycerin demand. In this experiment the excess waste glycerin is combined with waste biomass to produce combustible pellets as an alternative to coal for energy production. The raw materials (waste glycerin and waste biomass) are mixed by weight ratio and blended by hand in a large mixing bowl. Various ratios of glycerin (38.5g and 31.3g) to waste biomass (50g) were then mixed to produce a crude unfinished material. Initial results proved worthwhile, coming in at 15.4, 15.6, and 15.2 kJ/g and displaying a respectable error rate of only 10% for ad-hoc apparatus. The Glycerin/Sawdust pellets produced an energy yield of ≈16 kJ/g, placing their energy content within the expected range for existing fuel pellet infrastructure. The pellets can be viably manufactured using simple manufacturing equipment, and can be combusted as fuel in existing fuel pellet and Coal burning facilities. This will greatly facilitate pellet production and adoption as an alternative fuel source in increasingly resource-conscious world.","PeriodicalId":13986,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91190585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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