Qian Chen, Ian Campbell, Mark Elwood, Alana Cavadino, Phyu Sin Aye, Sandar Tin Tin
Background
Despite favourable survival prognosis, the main concern for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is local recurrence, especially progression to invasive cancer. This study identified factors associated with breast events following DCIS treatment.
Methods
Women with unilateral DCIS between 2000 and 2022 were identified from New Zealand Breast Cancer Foundation National Register. The primary endpoint was cumulative incidence of invasive breast cancer, ipsilateral (iIBC) or contralateral (iCBC). Secondary endpoints included ipsilateral breast event (IBE), in situ or invasive, and any breast event (IBE or CBC). Fine-Gray models were used to identify the associated factors and estimate subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs).
Results
Among 5740 patients followed for a median duration of 4.8 years, the 5- and 10-year cumulative risks were 3.0% (95% CI, 2.4%, 3.5%) and 6.6% (95% CI, 5.7%, 7.6%) for iIBC, and 2.7% (95% CI, 2.2%, 3.3%) and 6.3% (95% CI, 5.4%, 7.3%) for iCBC, respectively. A higher risk of iIBC was observed in women aged under 45 at diagnosis (sHR, 1.81; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.79) or had DCIS size > 20 mm (sHR, 1.42; 1.05, 1.93), and a lower risk in those who received additional RT after BCS (HR: 0.61; 0.44, 0.84) or mastectomy (sHR, 0.21; 0.13, 0.32). Similar associations were observed for IBE and any breast event, for which surgical margin < 2 mm was also associated with a higher risk. Having surgery at a private facility, where higher-risk patients were likely to be treated, was associated with a higher risk of iCBC.
Conclusions
DCIS size, surgical approach, and age at diagnosis influenced the risk of breast events after DCIS, which may be considered in efforts to improve treatment strategies for higher-risk women.
{"title":"Breast Events After Treatment of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in Women: A Population-Based Study","authors":"Qian Chen, Ian Campbell, Mark Elwood, Alana Cavadino, Phyu Sin Aye, Sandar Tin Tin","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71558","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.71558","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite favourable survival prognosis, the main concern for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is local recurrence, especially progression to invasive cancer. This study identified factors associated with breast events following DCIS treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women with unilateral DCIS between 2000 and 2022 were identified from New Zealand Breast Cancer Foundation National Register. The primary endpoint was cumulative incidence of invasive breast cancer, ipsilateral (iIBC) or contralateral (iCBC). Secondary endpoints included ipsilateral breast event (IBE), in situ or invasive, and any breast event (IBE or CBC). Fine-Gray models were used to identify the associated factors and estimate subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 5740 patients followed for a median duration of 4.8 years, the 5- and 10-year cumulative risks were 3.0% (95% CI, 2.4%, 3.5%) and 6.6% (95% CI, 5.7%, 7.6%) for iIBC, and 2.7% (95% CI, 2.2%, 3.3%) and 6.3% (95% CI, 5.4%, 7.3%) for iCBC, respectively. A higher risk of iIBC was observed in women aged under 45 at diagnosis (sHR, 1.81; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.79) or had DCIS size > 20 mm (sHR, 1.42; 1.05, 1.93), and a lower risk in those who received additional RT after BCS (HR: 0.61; 0.44, 0.84) or mastectomy (sHR, 0.21; 0.13, 0.32). Similar associations were observed for IBE and any breast event, for which surgical margin < 2 mm was also associated with a higher risk. Having surgery at a private facility, where higher-risk patients were likely to be treated, was associated with a higher risk of iCBC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DCIS size, surgical approach, and age at diagnosis influenced the risk of breast events after DCIS, which may be considered in efforts to improve treatment strategies for higher-risk women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12853141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aye Mon Thida, Ankita Shah, Kelley Frederick (Steffens), Samantha Watters, Mingqian Duan, Steven Devine, Susan T. Vadaparampil, Joseph Pidala
Background
To evaluate trends in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) referral perceptions and practices, we compared surveys of Hematology-Oncology (Hem-Onc) physicians conducted in 2015 (N = 150), 2019 (N = 302), and 2024 (N = 183) and reported changes over time.
Methods
Eligible participants included Hem-Onc physicians in the United States seeing at least 10 hematologic malignancy patients in the last year. Questions covered perceptions of HCT, referral practices, perceived barriers to referral, and endorsement of HCT education and patient support resources.
Results
There were positive trends in HCT perceptions, increased expected HCT benefit, and positive outcomes with older AML patients. Overall reported disease-specific referral rates increased over the survey periods. Participants reported earlier HCT referral timing across the survey time periods for all diagnoses, as well as increased referral of AML in first complete remission (vs. later stages of disease). While reported barriers to HCT referral persist, 2024 responses (vs. 2019) had significant reduction in concern over finding a suitable HCT donor, adverse post-HCT outcomes, patient age, and medical comorbidities or psychosocial barriers to HCT. Across all hematologic malignancies in 2024, the average maximum referral age was 73.5 years. Respondents indicated a strong desire for additional physician education and patient-level support.
Conclusions
We identified positive trends in HCT perceptions and referral practices, and reduced barriers. Encouragingly, these trends suggest that evidence surrounding HCT benefit and broadened eligibility for HCT are reaching the larger Hem-Onc community, and this may address historical barriers to access. Ongoing education and outreach are needed to facilitate additional progress.
{"title":"Trends in US Hematology/Oncology Physician Perceptions and Referral Practices for Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: A National Survey Conducted by NMDP","authors":"Aye Mon Thida, Ankita Shah, Kelley Frederick (Steffens), Samantha Watters, Mingqian Duan, Steven Devine, Susan T. Vadaparampil, Joseph Pidala","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71551","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.71551","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate trends in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) referral perceptions and practices, we compared surveys of Hematology-Oncology (Hem-Onc) physicians conducted in 2015 (<i>N</i> = 150), 2019 (<i>N</i> = 302), and 2024 (<i>N</i> = 183) and reported changes over time.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eligible participants included Hem-Onc physicians in the United States seeing at least 10 hematologic malignancy patients in the last year. Questions covered perceptions of HCT, referral practices, perceived barriers to referral, and endorsement of HCT education and patient support resources.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were positive trends in HCT perceptions, increased expected HCT benefit, and positive outcomes with older AML patients. Overall reported disease-specific referral rates increased over the survey periods. Participants reported earlier HCT referral timing across the survey time periods for all diagnoses, as well as increased referral of AML in first complete remission (vs. later stages of disease). While reported barriers to HCT referral persist, 2024 responses (vs. 2019) had significant reduction in concern over finding a suitable HCT donor, adverse post-HCT outcomes, patient age, and medical comorbidities or psychosocial barriers to HCT. Across all hematologic malignancies in 2024, the average maximum referral age was 73.5 years. Respondents indicated a strong desire for additional physician education and patient-level support.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We identified positive trends in HCT perceptions and referral practices, and reduced barriers. Encouragingly, these trends suggest that evidence surrounding HCT benefit and broadened eligibility for HCT are reaching the larger Hem-Onc community, and this may address historical barriers to access. Ongoing education and outreach are needed to facilitate additional progress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12853074/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dana Sofian Abou, Husna Irfan Thalib, Fayza Akil, Samia Zuhair Sabbagh, Hala Sofian Abou, Mable Pereira, Fatma ElSayed Hassan
Introduction
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and despite advances in frontline therapies such as rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride (hydroxydaunorubicin), vincristine sulfate (Oncovin), and prednisone, approximately 30%–40% of patients develop relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) disease. This subgroup has historically faced poor prognoses with limited treatment options, prompting the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as transformative approaches in this setting.
Methods
This narrative review compares these therapies across multiple domains, including mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, safety profiles, logistics, cost, and accessibility.
Results
CAR T therapies have demonstrated durable complete response rates (40%–60%) and extended progression-free survival (median 11–12.5 months), but they are limited by complex manufacturing, high cost, and potentially severe toxicities. In contrast, BsAbs offer immediate, off-the-shelf availability, with promising efficacy and a more favorable safety profile that enables outpatient administration, although long-term durability remains under investigation.
Conclusion
This review provides clinicians with a comprehensive comparison to support evidence-based treatment selection in rel/ref DLBCL.
{"title":"Bispecific Antibodies Versus Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Comparative Narrative Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Accessibility","authors":"Dana Sofian Abou, Husna Irfan Thalib, Fayza Akil, Samia Zuhair Sabbagh, Hala Sofian Abou, Mable Pereira, Fatma ElSayed Hassan","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71562","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.71562","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and despite advances in frontline therapies such as rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride (hydroxydaunorubicin), vincristine sulfate (Oncovin), and prednisone, approximately 30%–40% of patients develop relapsed or refractory (rel/ref) disease. This subgroup has historically faced poor prognoses with limited treatment options, prompting the development of novel immunotherapeutic strategies. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR T) therapy and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have emerged as transformative approaches in this setting.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This narrative review compares these therapies across multiple domains, including mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, safety profiles, logistics, cost, and accessibility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CAR T therapies have demonstrated durable complete response rates (40%–60%) and extended progression-free survival (median 11–12.5 months), but they are limited by complex manufacturing, high cost, and potentially severe toxicities. In contrast, BsAbs offer immediate, off-the-shelf availability, with promising efficacy and a more favorable safety profile that enables outpatient administration, although long-term durability remains under investigation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review provides clinicians with a comprehensive comparison to support evidence-based treatment selection in rel/ref DLBCL.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12853145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146083697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuchao He, Yi Luo, Liwei Chen, Yu Wang, Bei Liu, Mengting Sun, Wenchen Gong, Xiangdong Tian, Lin Guo, Qin Zhang, Qiang Wu, Lu Chen, Hua Guo
Introduction
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive type of malignancy. Recent advancements have highlighted the importance of the tumor immune microenvironment in therapeutic responses and prognosis. However, the lack of a mouse-derived ICC cell line and current mouse models limit explorations of the TME in ICC. Therefore, establishing suitable preclinical models is critical.
Methods
In the present study, an ICC mouse model was established using hydrodynamic transfection. Primary ICC cells were isolated, purified, and cultured in the liver tissues of these mice. Cellular behaviors, molecular characterization, and genetic profiles were evaluated in vitro. The tumorigenic and metastatic potential of the cells was determined in vivo. Drug sensitivity was tested using organoids and micro-dissected tumor tissues 3D models.
Results
An ICC mouse model was successfully established based on pathological identification. Characterization confirmed that the MCA23 cell line was of ICC origin and maintained the morphological and molecular features of the primary tumor. The cells exhibited robust proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities, enabling the rapid formation of syngeneic tumors and metastases that were highly similar to the primary tumor. Genetic analysis revealed that the cell line was a new mouse-derived cell line with cancer cell-karyotype characteristics. Drug testing revealed varied responses to commonly used clinical chemotherapeutics for MCA23 tumors and metastases.
Conclusion
MCA23 cell line provides a valuable experimental model for studying ICC pathogenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug-resistance mechanisms. This model holds considerable promise for investigating the tumor immune microenvironment and potential immunotherapeutic approaches for advanced ICC.
{"title":"Establishment and Characterization of MCA23, a Novel Mouse Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line","authors":"Yuchao He, Yi Luo, Liwei Chen, Yu Wang, Bei Liu, Mengting Sun, Wenchen Gong, Xiangdong Tian, Lin Guo, Qin Zhang, Qiang Wu, Lu Chen, Hua Guo","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71560","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.71560","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive type of malignancy. Recent advancements have highlighted the importance of the tumor immune microenvironment in therapeutic responses and prognosis. However, the lack of a mouse-derived ICC cell line and current mouse models limit explorations of the TME in ICC. Therefore, establishing suitable preclinical models is critical.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the present study, an ICC mouse model was established using hydrodynamic transfection. Primary ICC cells were isolated, purified, and cultured in the liver tissues of these mice. Cellular behaviors, molecular characterization, and genetic profiles were evaluated in vitro. The tumorigenic and metastatic potential of the cells was determined in vivo. Drug sensitivity was tested using organoids and micro-dissected tumor tissues 3D models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An ICC mouse model was successfully established based on pathological identification. Characterization confirmed that the MCA23 cell line was of ICC origin and maintained the morphological and molecular features of the primary tumor. The cells exhibited robust proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities, enabling the rapid formation of syngeneic tumors and metastases that were highly similar to the primary tumor. Genetic analysis revealed that the cell line was a new mouse-derived cell line with cancer cell-karyotype characteristics. Drug testing revealed varied responses to commonly used clinical chemotherapeutics for MCA23 tumors and metastases.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>MCA23 cell line provides a valuable experimental model for studying ICC pathogenesis, progression, metastasis, and drug-resistance mechanisms. This model holds considerable promise for investigating the tumor immune microenvironment and potential immunotherapeutic approaches for advanced ICC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12853219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146091573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Ma, Eunice Lee, Khashayar Asadi, Mehrdad Nikfarjam, Hong He
Background
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most malignant solid cancers. As surgery is the only cure, prediction of long-term survival post-resection is critical to guide patient selection for the subsequent treatment. Tumour immune evasion plays a key role in PDA tumorigenesis.
Materials and Methods
Using a streamlined protocol, we developed a clinicopathological prediction model for the overall survival of patients with PDA after resection by integrating tumour immunological features and clinical data. Multiplex immunohistochemistry was performed using human tumour microarray samples. The results were combined with retrospectively collected clinical data of 79 patients. Variables were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression with 10-fold cross-validation to develop the prediction model. The performance of the model was assessed using the concordance index, receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis. The model was validated by bootstrap resampling.
Results
Cancer cell MHC I intensity, CD4+ T cell to tumour cell ratio, resection margin status and tumour T stage were identified for prediction model development using Cox proportional hazard regression. Discrimination of developed model was moderate on the time-dependent area under curve at one (0.698), three (0.765) and five (0.825) years. A small decrease in the overall c-index from 0.67 to 0.652 was shown in the internal validation by bootstrapping.
Conclusion
Our protocol provided a framework for developing a complex model that will significantly contribute to clinical practice.
{"title":"A Streamlined Protocol for Developing a Clinicopathological Prediction Model for Patient Survival of Post-Resection of Pancreatic Cancer","authors":"Yi Ma, Eunice Lee, Khashayar Asadi, Mehrdad Nikfarjam, Hong He","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71535","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.71535","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most malignant solid cancers. As surgery is the only cure, prediction of long-term survival post-resection is critical to guide patient selection for the subsequent treatment. Tumour immune evasion plays a key role in PDA tumorigenesis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a streamlined protocol, we developed a clinicopathological prediction model for the overall survival of patients with PDA after resection by integrating tumour immunological features and clinical data. Multiplex immunohistochemistry was performed using human tumour microarray samples. The results were combined with retrospectively collected clinical data of 79 patients. Variables were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression with 10-fold cross-validation to develop the prediction model. The performance of the model was assessed using the concordance index, receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plot and decision curve analysis. The model was validated by bootstrap resampling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cancer cell MHC I intensity, CD4+ T cell to tumour cell ratio, resection margin status and tumour T stage were identified for prediction model development using Cox proportional hazard regression. Discrimination of developed model was moderate on the time-dependent area under curve at one (0.698), three (0.765) and five (0.825) years. A small decrease in the overall c-index from 0.67 to 0.652 was shown in the internal validation by bootstrapping.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our protocol provided a framework for developing a complex model that will significantly contribute to clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12848901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie Bergman, Aglaia Schiza, Ceren Boyaci, Balazs Acs, Alexios Matikas, Johan Hartman, Antonis Valachis
Purpose
Metaplastic breast cancer (metBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer known for its challenging management. The impact of this histological subtype on prognosis remains unclear.
Methods
Data were collected from the Swedish Cancer Registry between 2008 and 2018. Patients with metBC were matched 2:1 with breast cancer cases of no special type (NST). Survival outcomes were analyzed using cause-specific hazard models for breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and Cox proportional-hazards models for overall survival (OS).
Results
In total, 127 metBC patients were matched 2:1 with 245 NST patients, with a median follow-up period of 54 months. When adjusted for matching variables and treatment-related characteristics, metBC was not significantly associated with either BCSS (cause-specific Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.13; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.66–1.92) or OS (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.83–1.82).
Conclusion
With appropriate treatment, metBC may have survival outcomes comparable to NST. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to provide further insights.
{"title":"Prognosis of Metaplastic Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Matched Cohort Study","authors":"Marie Bergman, Aglaia Schiza, Ceren Boyaci, Balazs Acs, Alexios Matikas, Johan Hartman, Antonis Valachis","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71570","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.71570","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metaplastic breast cancer (metBC) is a rare subtype of breast cancer known for its challenging management. The impact of this histological subtype on prognosis remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were collected from the Swedish Cancer Registry between 2008 and 2018. Patients with metBC were matched 2:1 with breast cancer cases of no special type (NST). Survival outcomes were analyzed using cause-specific hazard models for breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) and Cox proportional-hazards models for overall survival (OS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In total, 127 metBC patients were matched 2:1 with 245 NST patients, with a median follow-up period of 54 months. When adjusted for matching variables and treatment-related characteristics, metBC was not significantly associated with either BCSS (cause-specific Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.13; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.66–1.92) or OS (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.83–1.82).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With appropriate treatment, metBC may have survival outcomes comparable to NST. Larger studies with longer follow-up are needed to provide further insights.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12848589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ambulugala Gamage Rajika Greshamali Jinadasa, N. D. Amal Wageesha, Sameera R. Samarakoon, Sagarika Ekanayake, H. M. Kasuni Akalanka
Introduction
Metformin, the common anti-hyperglycemic agent, is emerging with pharmacological significance as an effective anti-cancer modulator. Its efficacy as an anti-cancer modulator is reported in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Therefore, an attempt was made to identify the possible in vitro anti-cancer molecular mechanisms studied on breast cancer (BC) cell lines.
Methods
An advanced literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using search terms “Metformin, Cell culture, Breast neoplasms.” Different anti-cancer molecular mechanisms induced by metformin (MET) identified in cell culture studies are presented in this paper.
Results
It was identified that MET induces molecular pathways that exert anti-cancer effects when treated on BC cells. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase mediated anticancer effects, anti-proliferation and inhibition of cell migration, alteration of tumor micro-environment, synergetic effects with conventional chemotherapies and other potential molecules, induced apoptosis and ferroptosis were mainly identified as MET-induced pathways that affect BC cells.
Conclusion
Metformin induces diverse anti-cancer biochemical pathways through which it exhibits a potential to be used as an anti-cancer therapeutic in BC.
{"title":"Metformin-Mediated Glycaemic Regulation as a Potential Strategy for Breast Cancer Prevention","authors":"Ambulugala Gamage Rajika Greshamali Jinadasa, N. D. Amal Wageesha, Sameera R. Samarakoon, Sagarika Ekanayake, H. M. Kasuni Akalanka","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71573","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.71573","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metformin, the common anti-hyperglycemic agent, is emerging with pharmacological significance as an effective anti-cancer modulator. Its efficacy as an anti-cancer modulator is reported in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Therefore, an attempt was made to identify the possible in vitro anti-cancer molecular mechanisms studied on breast cancer (BC) cell lines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An advanced literature search was conducted in the PubMed database using search terms “Metformin, Cell culture, Breast neoplasms.” Different anti-cancer molecular mechanisms induced by metformin (MET) identified in cell culture studies are presented in this paper.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was identified that MET induces molecular pathways that exert anti-cancer effects when treated on BC cells. Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase mediated anticancer effects, anti-proliferation and inhibition of cell migration, alteration of tumor micro-environment, synergetic effects with conventional chemotherapies and other potential molecules, induced apoptosis and ferroptosis were mainly identified as MET-induced pathways that affect BC cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metformin induces diverse anti-cancer biochemical pathways through which it exhibits a potential to be used as an anti-cancer therapeutic in BC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12848602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Bønløkke, Jan Blaakær, Torben Steiniche, Maria Iachina
Introduction
This nationwide case–control study investigated the risk of second primary cancers among cervical cancer (CC) survivors compared to cancer-free women.
Methods
Women aged ≥ 18 diagnosed with CC from 1987 to 2012 were identified via the Danish Cancer Registry (DCR) and matched 1:5 by age and residence to cancer-free controls. A subpopulation with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCC-C) was defined using the Danish Pathology Register. Adjusted sub-hazard ratios (aSHR) for subsequent primary cancers were estimated.
Results
The study included 10,728 CC cases and 53,597 matched controls, including 7910 SCC-C cases and 39,358 controls. Over a median follow-up of 14.2 years, CC survivors had a modest but statistically significant reduction in the overall risk of second primary cancers (aSHR: 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81–0.93), including lower risks of colorectal cancer (aSHR: 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63–0.93), breast cancer (aSHR: 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67–0.87), and malignant melanoma (aSHR: 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42–0.84). In contrast, the risk of lung cancer was increased (aSHR: 1.33; 95% CI, 1.15–1.54). Among SCC-C survivors, the risk of second SCC was increased at both HPV-related sites (aSHR: 1.78; 95% CI, 1.18–2.68) and non-HPV sites (aSHR: 2.59; 95% CI, 1.92–3.47), primarily due to a marked increased risk of lung SCC (aSHR: 2.88; 95% CI, 1.97–4.20).
Discussion
Although the overall risk of second primary cancers was lower among CC survivors compared to controls, the increased incidence of second SCCs, particularly lung SCC, highlights the need for targeted long-term surveillance strategies.
{"title":"Increased Risk of Second Squamous Cell Carcinomas Following Cervical Cancer: A Nationwide Danish Case–Control Study","authors":"Sara Bønløkke, Jan Blaakær, Torben Steiniche, Maria Iachina","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71559","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.71559","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This nationwide case–control study investigated the risk of second primary cancers among cervical cancer (CC) survivors compared to cancer-free women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women aged ≥ 18 diagnosed with CC from 1987 to 2012 were identified via the Danish Cancer Registry (DCR) and matched 1:5 by age and residence to cancer-free controls. A subpopulation with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (SCC-C) was defined using the Danish Pathology Register. Adjusted sub-hazard ratios (aSHR) for subsequent primary cancers were estimated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 10,728 CC cases and 53,597 matched controls, including 7910 SCC-C cases and 39,358 controls. Over a median follow-up of 14.2 years, CC survivors had a modest but statistically significant reduction in the overall risk of second primary cancers (aSHR: 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81–0.93), including lower risks of colorectal cancer (aSHR: 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63–0.93), breast cancer (aSHR: 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67–0.87), and malignant melanoma (aSHR: 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42–0.84). In contrast, the risk of lung cancer was increased (aSHR: 1.33; 95% CI, 1.15–1.54). Among SCC-C survivors, the risk of second SCC was increased at both HPV-related sites (aSHR: 1.78; 95% CI, 1.18–2.68) and non-HPV sites (aSHR: 2.59; 95% CI, 1.92–3.47), primarily due to a marked increased risk of lung SCC (aSHR: 2.88; 95% CI, 1.97–4.20).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although the overall risk of second primary cancers was lower among CC survivors compared to controls, the increased incidence of second SCCs, particularly lung SCC, highlights the need for targeted long-term surveillance strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prediction models can contribute to disparities in care by performing unequally across demographic groups. While fairness-aware methods have been explored for binary outcomes, applications to survival analysis remain limited. This study compares two fairness-aware deep learning survival models to mitigate racial disparities in predicting survival after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.
Methods
We used the National Cancer Database to train deep Cox proportional hazards models for overall survival. Two fairness-aware approaches, Fair Deep Cox Proportional Hazards Model (Fair DCPH) and Group Distributionally Robust Optimization Deep Cox Proportional Hazards Model (GroupDRO DCPH), were compared against a standard Deep Cox model (Baseline). Model fairness was assessed via cross-group and within-group concordance indices (C-index).
Results
Among 418,968 included patients, 78.5% were White, with smaller proportions of Black (13.2%), Hispanic (4.5%), Asian (1.9%), and Other (2.0%) patients. The baseline DCPH model achieved a cross-group C-index of 0.699 for White patients but showed reduced performance for Black (0.678) and Hispanic (0.689) patients. Fairness-aware models improved cross-group C-indices; for Black patients, cross-group C-index increased to 0.692 (Fair DCPH) and 0.696 (GroupDRO DCPH); for Hispanic patients, to 0.693 and 0.697, respectively. Cross-group C-index also improved in the Asian subgroup, where the C-index rose from 0.696 (Baseline DCPH) to 0.702 (Fair DCPH) and 0.707 (GroupDRO DCPH), with minimal performance loss observed for White patients.
Conclusion
We benchmark two fairness-aware survival models that address racial disparities in post-prostatectomy survival prediction. These methods can be extended to other time-to-event models to ensure equitable care supported by fair prediction models.
{"title":"Mitigating Disparities in Prostate Cancer Survival Prediction Through Fairness-Aware Machine Learning Models","authors":"Hyungrok Do, Rajesh Ranganath, Katie Murray, Madhur Nayan","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71544","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.71544","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prediction models can contribute to disparities in care by performing unequally across demographic groups. While fairness-aware methods have been explored for binary outcomes, applications to survival analysis remain limited. This study compares two fairness-aware deep learning survival models to mitigate racial disparities in predicting survival after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used the National Cancer Database to train deep Cox proportional hazards models for overall survival. Two fairness-aware approaches, Fair Deep Cox Proportional Hazards Model (Fair DCPH) and Group Distributionally Robust Optimization Deep Cox Proportional Hazards Model (GroupDRO DCPH), were compared against a standard Deep Cox model (Baseline). Model fairness was assessed via cross-group and within-group concordance indices (C-index).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among 418,968 included patients, 78.5% were White, with smaller proportions of Black (13.2%), Hispanic (4.5%), Asian (1.9%), and Other (2.0%) patients. The baseline DCPH model achieved a cross-group C-index of 0.699 for White patients but showed reduced performance for Black (0.678) and Hispanic (0.689) patients. Fairness-aware models improved cross-group C-indices; for Black patients, cross-group C-index increased to 0.692 (Fair DCPH) and 0.696 (GroupDRO DCPH); for Hispanic patients, to 0.693 and 0.697, respectively. Cross-group C-index also improved in the Asian subgroup, where the C-index rose from 0.696 (Baseline DCPH) to 0.702 (Fair DCPH) and 0.707 (GroupDRO DCPH), with minimal performance loss observed for White patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We benchmark two fairness-aware survival models that address racial disparities in post-prostatectomy survival prediction. These methods can be extended to other time-to-event models to ensure equitable care supported by fair prediction models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anita R. Peoples, Victoria Damerell, Jennifer Ose, Erin M. Siegel, Tengda Lin, Sheetal Hardikar, Caroline Himbert, Mmadili N. Ilozumba, Petra Schrotz-King, Sylvia L. Crowder, Adetunji T. Toriola, David Shibata, Christopher I. Li, Doratha A. Byrd, Elena S. Aßmann, Heather S. L. Jim, Jane C. Figueiredo, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Biljana Gigic
Introduction
Sleep problems are common among cancer patients. The relationship between sleep disruption and clinical outcomes after colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis remains poorly understood. We investigated associations of sleep disruption with survival and recurrence in patients with CRC.
Methods
CRC patients with stages I–IV (N = 895) were included in this study. Self-reported sleep disturbance was assessed presurgery using the sleep item from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core-30 and classified into “no/mild” or “moderate/severe” sleep disturbance. Cox-proportional hazard models were computed (HRs and 95% confidence intervals) to investigate associations of sleep disturbance with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and risk of recurrence, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, tumor stage and site, and study site.
Results
Thirty percent of patients reported moderate/severe sleep disturbance. N = 190 (21%) were deceased after a median follow-up of 31 months, whereas 74 patients (15%) had a recurrence. Patients with moderate/severe vs. no/mild sleep disturbance had worse OS (HR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.07–1.98; p = 0.02). There were no significant associations for sleep disturbance with DFS and risk of recurrence. Stratified analyses indicated that the worse OS rates due to sleep disturbance were stronger in patients who were middle-aged and older, male, overweight/obese, diagnosed with rectal cancer and stage I–III.
Conclusions
Poor sleep is common among CRC patients and is associated with worse overall survival. These findings highlight the potential value of preoperative sleep screening as a way to identify patients at higher risk of poor outcomes, warranting further investigation in future studies.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02328677
睡眠问题在癌症患者中很常见。睡眠中断与结直肠癌（CRC）诊断后临床结果之间的关系仍然知之甚少。我们调查了CRC患者睡眠中断与生存和复发的关系。方法：研究纳入I-IV期结直肠癌患者（N = 895）。手术前使用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织生活质量问卷- core -30中的睡眠项目对自我报告的睡眠障碍进行评估，并将其分为“无/轻度”或“中度/严重”睡眠障碍。计算Cox-proportional hazard models （HRs和95%置信区间）来研究睡眠障碍与总生存期（OS）、无病生存期（DFS）和复发风险之间的关系，并根据年龄、性别、体重指数、肿瘤分期和部位以及研究地点进行调整。结果：30%的患者报告中度/重度睡眠障碍。中位随访31个月后，190例（21%）患者死亡，74例（15%）患者复发。中度/重度睡眠障碍患者与无/轻度睡眠障碍患者的OS较差（HR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.07-1.98; p = 0.02）。睡眠障碍与DFS和复发风险无显著关联。分层分析表明，在中老年、男性、超重/肥胖、诊断为直肠癌和I-III期的患者中，睡眠障碍导致的不良OS发生率更高。结论：睡眠不足在结直肠癌患者中很常见，并与较差的总生存率相关。这些发现强调了术前睡眠筛查作为一种识别预后不良风险较高的患者的潜在价值，值得在未来的研究中进一步研究。试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT02328677。
{"title":"Association of Sleep Disturbance With Survival After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis: Results From the ColoCare Study","authors":"Anita R. Peoples, Victoria Damerell, Jennifer Ose, Erin M. Siegel, Tengda Lin, Sheetal Hardikar, Caroline Himbert, Mmadili N. Ilozumba, Petra Schrotz-King, Sylvia L. Crowder, Adetunji T. Toriola, David Shibata, Christopher I. Li, Doratha A. Byrd, Elena S. Aßmann, Heather S. L. Jim, Jane C. Figueiredo, Cornelia M. Ulrich, Biljana Gigic","doi":"10.1002/cam4.71576","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cam4.71576","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sleep problems are common among cancer patients. The relationship between sleep disruption and clinical outcomes after colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis remains poorly understood. We investigated associations of sleep disruption with survival and recurrence in patients with CRC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CRC patients with stages I–IV (<i>N</i> = 895) were included in this study. Self-reported sleep disturbance was assessed presurgery using the sleep item from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core-30 and classified into “no/mild” or “moderate/severe” sleep disturbance. Cox-proportional hazard models were computed (HRs and 95% confidence intervals) to investigate associations of sleep disturbance with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and risk of recurrence, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, tumor stage and site, and study site.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty percent of patients reported moderate/severe sleep disturbance. <i>N</i> = 190 (21%) were deceased after a median follow-up of 31 months, whereas 74 patients (15%) had a recurrence. Patients with moderate/severe vs. no/mild sleep disturbance had worse OS (HR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.07–1.98; <i>p</i> = 0.02). There were no significant associations for sleep disturbance with DFS and risk of recurrence. Stratified analyses indicated that the worse OS rates due to sleep disturbance were stronger in patients who were middle-aged and older, male, overweight/obese, diagnosed with rectal cancer and stage I–III.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Poor sleep is common among CRC patients and is associated with worse overall survival. These findings highlight the potential value of preoperative sleep screening as a way to identify patients at higher risk of poor outcomes, warranting further investigation in future studies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Trial Registration</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02328677</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":139,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Medicine","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12835610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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