Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-20-28
Kh.A. Malkanduev, M. Bazgiev, A. Malkandueva, R. Shamurzaev
The issues of influence of terms of harvesting and threshing of wheat on technological properties of grain are considered. Studies were conducted in 2014-2016. in the conditions of vertical zonality of Kabardino-Balkaria, in the foothill and steppe zones. The studied winter wheat variety is Yuzhanka, a joint selection of the Institute of Agriculture of the KBNC RAS and FSBNU "NCZ named after P.P. Lukyanenko." The experiments provided for the study of the variability of the technological parameters of grain (full weight, vitreous, protein content and raw gluten) in wheat at different harvesting times in two soil-climatic zones. Harvesting was carried out in the phase of the beginning, middle and end of wax ripeness, in full ripeness and when flowing to the root for 5 and 10 days from the full. Harvesting into full ripeness and during overflow was carried out by direct harvesting, into other phases of ripening in a separate way. Comparing the results of experiments in two soil-climatic zones, it can be noted that the grain obtained in the foothill zone is worse in its technological indicators than the grain grown in the steppe zone. The best physical properties (vitreous, natural weight) were formed in grain harvested in the phases of the end of wax and complete ripeness in two zones, and in quality (protein and gluten content) in the phase of complete ripeness in the steppe zone. When the wheat goes to the root, the content of protein, gluten and other indicators decreases.
{"title":"HARVESTING TIME - AS A FACTOR OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN QUALITY IMPROVEMENT","authors":"Kh.A. Malkanduev, M. Bazgiev, A. Malkandueva, R. Shamurzaev","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-20-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-20-28","url":null,"abstract":"The issues of influence of terms of harvesting and threshing of wheat on technological properties of grain are considered. Studies were conducted in 2014-2016. in the conditions of vertical zonality of Kabardino-Balkaria, in the foothill and steppe zones. The studied winter wheat variety is Yuzhanka, a joint selection of the Institute of Agriculture of the KBNC RAS and FSBNU \"NCZ named after P.P. Lukyanenko.\" The experiments provided for the study of the variability of the technological parameters of grain (full weight, vitreous, protein content and raw gluten) in wheat at different harvesting times in two soil-climatic zones. Harvesting was carried out in the phase of the beginning, middle and end of wax ripeness, in full ripeness and when flowing to the root for 5 and 10 days from the full. Harvesting into full ripeness and during overflow was carried out by direct harvesting, into other phases of ripening in a separate way. Comparing the results of experiments in two soil-climatic zones, it can be noted that the grain obtained in the foothill zone is worse in its technological indicators than the grain grown in the steppe zone. The best physical properties (vitreous, natural weight) were formed in grain harvested in the phases of the end of wax and complete ripeness in two zones, and in quality (protein and gluten content) in the phase of complete ripeness in the steppe zone. When the wheat goes to the root, the content of protein, gluten and other indicators decreases.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73168417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-908-915
E. G. Makovsky, O. Chernykh, L. P. Padilo, V. Agoltsov
The diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in foals was established on the basis of clinical signs and the results of copro- and larvoscopic studies using the Darling and Berman-Orlov methods (in the modification of Shcherbovich). For 12 months, blood samples were taken from foals of both groups for biochemical analysis. Studies of the amount of total protein in blood serum were carried out by the biuret method, the amount of urea - by reaction with diacetyl monooxime, uric acid - by reaction with a phosphotungstic reagent (Muller-Seifert method), glucose - by the enzymatic method (enzymatic method with glucose oxidase), the amount of total bilirubin - with the diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid, determination of the activity of blood serum enzymes (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and LDH) was carried out using kinetic methods based on the recommendations of the International Clinical Federation (IFCC), the ratio of protein fractions (albumin) - by electrophoretic separation of proteins on agarose for determination of indicators of the functional activity of the liver in foals was formed according to the principle of conditional analogues 2 groups of one-month-old animals: experimental - foals spontaneously infected with strongyloidiasis; control - clinically healthy foals. Monthly during the year, blood samples were taken from them, in which the content of total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, urea, uric acid, glucose, as well as the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined. The infested foals in the blood serum showed a decrease in the amount of total protein and albumin fraction, high levels of bilirubin, urea, uric acid, glucose, and an increase in the activity of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and LDH. Changes in the studied parameters persisted throughout the entire period of research, but the most significant deviations were noted in foals at the age of seven and eight months. Deviations from the norm in the main indicators characterizing the functional activity of the liver in foals of the experimental group indicate damage to hepatocytes, a violation of the synthetic and secretory functions of the liver.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF STRONGYLOIDOSIS INVASION IN FOLTS ON SOME INDICATORS OF LIVER FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY","authors":"E. G. Makovsky, O. Chernykh, L. P. Padilo, V. Agoltsov","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-908-915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-908-915","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in foals was established on the basis of clinical signs and the results of copro- and larvoscopic studies using the Darling and Berman-Orlov methods (in the modification of Shcherbovich). For 12 months, blood samples were taken from foals of both groups for biochemical analysis. Studies of the amount of total protein in blood serum were carried out by the biuret method, the amount of urea - by reaction with diacetyl monooxime, uric acid - by reaction with a phosphotungstic reagent (Muller-Seifert method), glucose - by the enzymatic method (enzymatic method with glucose oxidase), the amount of total bilirubin - with the diazonium salt of sulfanilic acid, determination of the activity of blood serum enzymes (AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and LDH) was carried out using kinetic methods based on the recommendations of the International Clinical Federation (IFCC), the ratio of protein fractions (albumin) - by electrophoretic separation of proteins on agarose for determination of indicators of the functional activity of the liver in foals was formed according to the principle of conditional analogues 2 groups of one-month-old animals: experimental - foals spontaneously infected with strongyloidiasis; control - clinically healthy foals. Monthly during the year, blood samples were taken from them, in which the content of total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, urea, uric acid, glucose, as well as the activity of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were determined. The infested foals in the blood serum showed a decrease in the amount of total protein and albumin fraction, high levels of bilirubin, urea, uric acid, glucose, and an increase in the activity of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase and LDH. Changes in the studied parameters persisted throughout the entire period of research, but the most significant deviations were noted in foals at the age of seven and eight months. Deviations from the norm in the main indicators characterizing the functional activity of the liver in foals of the experimental group indicate damage to hepatocytes, a violation of the synthetic and secretory functions of the liver.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83236796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-3-316-326
T. M. Trifonova
The article presents data on the phytosanitary state of black currant plantings grown in the Khabarovsk Territory for the period from 1960 to 2020. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the species composition of phytophages and phytopathogens of black currant. The objectives of the study were to conduct an analytical review of the species composition of pests and phytopathogens of black currant that developed on the plantings of the studied crop in the period from 1960 to 2020; and also to prepare a preliminary forecast of the dynamics of the species composition of pests of black currant culture. In the course of the work, it was revealed that in recent years, the phytosanitary background of plantings is made up of such crop pests as currant glassworm, common spider and currant bud mites, gooseberry shoot aphids. The degree of harmfulness of currant glass is especially high on old plantings and in some years the value of damaged shoots reaches 50-60%. Gooseberry shoot aphid is widespread everywhere and its harmfulness reaches up to 90%. The growth of the population of the currant kidney mite has been detected since the 1970s. and it continues to the present time, in some years this pest damages up to 80% of bushes. The common spider mite was in the stage of depression until the 90s of the last century. However, since the 2000s and up to the present time, its mass distribution has been revealed, which in some areas reaches 80%. Of the phytopathogens, the greatest danger to the culture is caused by such pathogens as American powdery mildew, anthracnose and septoria. Previously unknown as a pathogen of black currant, since the 1980s, American powdery mildew has been widespread everywhere. In the Khabarovsk Territory, in years with favorable conditions for the pathogen, the intensity of the development of the spherotheca reaches 60-75%. The increasing harmfulness of anthracnose and septoria was revealed. The intensity of their development on crop plantings reaches 50-60%. Such phytophages and phytopathogens as currant bud moth, leaf beetles, gooseberry fireworm, yellow blackcurrant sawfly, narrow-bodied green (currant) gold leaf, flanked and columnar rust were not detected during the research period on crop plantings. Although back in the 60-70s. the last century caused significant damage to black currant plants.
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF PHYTOPHAGES AND PHYTOPATHOGENS OF BLACK CURRANT","authors":"T. M. Trifonova","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-3-316-326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-3-316-326","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents data on the phytosanitary state of black currant plantings grown in the Khabarovsk Territory for the period from 1960 to 2020. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the species composition of phytophages and phytopathogens of black currant. The objectives of the study were to conduct an analytical review of the species composition of pests and phytopathogens of black currant that developed on the plantings of the studied crop in the period from 1960 to 2020; and also to prepare a preliminary forecast of the dynamics of the species composition of pests of black currant culture. In the course of the work, it was revealed that in recent years, the phytosanitary background of plantings is made up of such crop pests as currant glassworm, common spider and currant bud mites, gooseberry shoot aphids. The degree of harmfulness of currant glass is especially high on old plantings and in some years the value of damaged shoots reaches 50-60%. Gooseberry shoot aphid is widespread everywhere and its harmfulness reaches up to 90%. The growth of the population of the currant kidney mite has been detected since the 1970s. and it continues to the present time, in some years this pest damages up to 80% of bushes. The common spider mite was in the stage of depression until the 90s of the last century. However, since the 2000s and up to the present time, its mass distribution has been revealed, which in some areas reaches 80%. Of the phytopathogens, the greatest danger to the culture is caused by such pathogens as American powdery mildew, anthracnose and septoria. Previously unknown as a pathogen of black currant, since the 1980s, American powdery mildew has been widespread everywhere. In the Khabarovsk Territory, in years with favorable conditions for the pathogen, the intensity of the development of the spherotheca reaches 60-75%. The increasing harmfulness of anthracnose and septoria was revealed. The intensity of their development on crop plantings reaches 50-60%. Such phytophages and phytopathogens as currant bud moth, leaf beetles, gooseberry fireworm, yellow blackcurrant sawfly, narrow-bodied green (currant) gold leaf, flanked and columnar rust were not detected during the research period on crop plantings. Although back in the 60-70s. the last century caused significant damage to black currant plants.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80909512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current system of maintenance and repair of the gas supply system of a rural settlement in the Saratov region is considered, the complex process of managing this system is shown, its shortcomings are identified, the relevance of automating the processes of managing the maintenance and repair of gas distribution and gas consumption networks by introducing an information management system for maintenance and repair. In the course of the study, a plan for the implementation of an information management system for maintenance and repair was determined, an analysis of its two system “landscapes” was carried out, four proposed stages of introducing business processes of an information management system into the integrated operational service of the gas supply system of a rural settlement of the Saratov region were analyzed. The main technical aspects of the implementation of the stages of implementation of the information management system are developed, on the basis of which its functionality is improved. A scheme for constructing characteristics in the names of positions for operations performed has been developed and applied. The expected effect from the introduction of the information management system “Maintenance and Repair” is determined.
{"title":"INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF SERVICING THE GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM OF A RURAL SETTLEMENT","authors":"Povarov Andrey Vladimirovich, Trushin Yury Evgenievich","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1140-1149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1140-1149","url":null,"abstract":"The current system of maintenance and repair of the gas supply system of a rural settlement in the Saratov region is considered, the complex process of managing this system is shown, its shortcomings are identified, the relevance of automating the processes of managing the maintenance and repair of gas distribution and gas consumption networks by introducing an information management system for maintenance and repair. In the course of the study, a plan for the implementation of an information management system for maintenance and repair was determined, an analysis of its two system “landscapes” was carried out, four proposed stages of introducing business processes of an information management system into the integrated operational service of the gas supply system of a rural settlement of the Saratov region were analyzed. The main technical aspects of the implementation of the stages of implementation of the information management system are developed, on the basis of which its functionality is improved. A scheme for constructing characteristics in the names of positions for operations performed has been developed and applied. The expected effect from the introduction of the information management system “Maintenance and Repair” is determined.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82857997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-2-186-194
A. Denisov, A. O. Nosov, A.M. Biniyazov, A. Kondaurov
Improving the reliability of tractor engines is an important task for the country's economy. The problem situation is a significant difference between the existing indicators of engine reliability and those possible with optimal parameters of the lubrication system. The aim of the study was to increase the reliability and durability of tractor engines by improving the prevention and tuning of the lubrication system. The paper presents the results of bench and operational studies of the developed oil level controller, as one of the options for tuning tools that provide the optimal oil level in the crankcase of an automotive engine. The intensity of oil aging and the reliability of the engine are largely determined by the frequency of refilling and changing the oil. As a result of the tests, it was found that the developed ROOM provides proportional compensation for the loss of oil from the crankcase. Comparative data on the performance of diesels with and without an oil level regulator are presented. According to the results of operational studies, their results largely confirm the results of experimental studies. A decrease in the intensity of changes in the technical condition of the crankshaft bearings, judging by the oil pressure, occurred by more than 20 %. The decrease in the intensity of changes in the technical condition of the cylinder-piston group, judging by the oil consumption for carbon monoxide, occurred by more than 50 %. The average temperature decreased by 2.5%, which reduced the intensity of aging of the oil and its resource increased by an average of 6.2-16.2 %. Based on the results of the comparison, conclusions are drawn on the effectiveness of this type of tuning of the diesel lubrication system.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY OF OIL LEVEL CONTROL IN AUTOMOTIVE DIESEL ENGINES","authors":"A. Denisov, A. O. Nosov, A.M. Biniyazov, A. Kondaurov","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-2-186-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-2-186-194","url":null,"abstract":"Improving the reliability of tractor engines is an important task for the country's economy. The problem situation is a significant difference between the existing indicators of engine reliability and those possible with optimal parameters of the lubrication system. The aim of the study was to increase the reliability and durability of tractor engines by improving the prevention and tuning of the lubrication system. The paper presents the results of bench and operational studies of the developed oil level controller, as one of the options for tuning tools that provide the optimal oil level in the crankcase of an automotive engine. The intensity of oil aging and the reliability of the engine are largely determined by the frequency of refilling and changing the oil. As a result of the tests, it was found that the developed ROOM provides proportional compensation for the loss of oil from the crankcase. Comparative data on the performance of diesels with and without an oil level regulator are presented. According to the results of operational studies, their results largely confirm the results of experimental studies. A decrease in the intensity of changes in the technical condition of the crankshaft bearings, judging by the oil pressure, occurred by more than 20 %. The decrease in the intensity of changes in the technical condition of the cylinder-piston group, judging by the oil consumption for carbon monoxide, occurred by more than 50 %. The average temperature decreased by 2.5%, which reduced the intensity of aging of the oil and its resource increased by an average of 6.2-16.2 %. Based on the results of the comparison, conclusions are drawn on the effectiveness of this type of tuning of the diesel lubrication system.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90858438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-65-76
V. Safonov, S. Shishurin, P. Gorbushin, V. V. Ostrikov
By adding nanosized materials to electrolytes, coatings with improved physical and mechanical properties can be obtained. Galvanic coatings are used to solve the problems of machine-building and repair production, both in the automotive industry and in construction, aviation, radio and electronic industries. The most interesting were potassium polytitanates. To obtain chromium-based nanocomposite electroplating coatings, the following group of nanosized particles was selected for research: Al2O3, AlN, SiC, TiC, WC, K2OnTiO2. The article considers methods of increasing sedimentation resistance of electrolytes for application of nanocomposite electroplating coatings based on chromium. To obtain chromium-based nanocomposite electroplating coatings, a self-regulating chromium electrolyte was selected. The method of plasma re-condensation is selected, allowing to obtain various nanodisperse materials with particle size from 10 to 100 nm. Studies have shown that electrolyte suspension obtained by ultrasonic generator treatment with frequency of 22 kHz for 10-12 min is most resistant. Coating application should be carried out under constant action of ultrasonic oscillations of ultrasonic bath with frequency of 18 kHz. The microhardness of the coatings obtained by this method, using nano-sized particles Al2O3, reaches 14.1 GPa, which is 1.03... 1.21 times the microhardness of the coatings obtained with other particles and 1.47 times the microhardness of the coatings without adding nano-sized particles.
{"title":"SEDIMENTATION RESISTANCE OF ELECTROLYTE-SUSPENSION AND MICROHARDNESS OF NANOCOMPOSITE GALVANIC COATINGS BASED ON CHROMIUM","authors":"V. Safonov, S. Shishurin, P. Gorbushin, V. V. Ostrikov","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-65-76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-65-76","url":null,"abstract":"By adding nanosized materials to electrolytes, coatings with improved physical and mechanical properties can be obtained. Galvanic coatings are used to solve the problems of machine-building and repair production, both in the automotive industry and in construction, aviation, radio and electronic industries. The most interesting were potassium polytitanates. To obtain chromium-based nanocomposite electroplating coatings, the following group of nanosized particles was selected for research: Al2O3, AlN, SiC, TiC, WC, K2OnTiO2. The article considers methods of increasing sedimentation resistance of electrolytes for application of nanocomposite electroplating coatings based on chromium. To obtain chromium-based nanocomposite electroplating coatings, a self-regulating chromium electrolyte was selected. The method of plasma re-condensation is selected, allowing to obtain various nanodisperse materials with particle size from 10 to 100 nm. Studies have shown that electrolyte suspension obtained by ultrasonic generator treatment with frequency of 22 kHz for 10-12 min is most resistant. Coating application should be carried out under constant action of ultrasonic oscillations of ultrasonic bath with frequency of 18 kHz. The microhardness of the coatings obtained by this method, using nano-sized particles Al2O3, reaches 14.1 GPa, which is 1.03... 1.21 times the microhardness of the coatings obtained with other particles and 1.47 times the microhardness of the coatings without adding nano-sized particles.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86827396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-426-434
E. Dolobeshkin, A. D. Gumbarov, P. G. Pasnichenko, A. Shishkin
Analysis of the current state and prospects for the implementation of the program of complex melioration in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory is one of the main tasks in the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Kuban. The article pays special attention to the decisive importance of the agro-industrial complex of the region in supporting and ensuring food security of the country on the example of the Krasnodar Territory, since the southern region is of great importance in the formation and development of the agro-industrial complex of the country. In accordance with the program documents, the Krasnodar Territory is a key element in the creation of the “main food base of the country” on the territory of the Southern Federal District on the basis of the formation of a national mega-cluster of the agro-industrial complex. Also in the article, special attention is paid to the problematic aspects and difficulties in the practice of creating and operating a reclamation complex in the regions of southern Russia. Taking into account the accumulated experience, the key components of the complex land reclamation of the Krasnodar Territory are outlined, providing for the improvement of the physical and physicochemical properties of soils through the use of modern irrigation technologies, the introduction of new methods for removing excess water during the growing season and the expansion of the use of progressive methods of anti-erosion land reclamation. Forecasting the effectiveness of the use of complex land reclamation in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory should show its feasibility and necessity. Through the implementation of comprehensive measures, it is possible to achieve a reduction in soil degradation, increase the efficiency of drainage systems, as well as irrigation in general, and ultimately obtain a positive economic effect. An example of such an economic approach to the agricultural lands of the Kuban is the improvement of the general organic-chemical state of soils, which is mainly reflected in an increase in the gross yield of agricultural crops.
{"title":"FORECAST OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMPLEX OF RECLAMATION ACTIONS IN THE KUBAN RIVER DELTA","authors":"E. Dolobeshkin, A. D. Gumbarov, P. G. Pasnichenko, A. Shishkin","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-426-434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-426-434","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of the current state and prospects for the implementation of the program of complex melioration in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory is one of the main tasks in the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Kuban. The article pays special attention to the decisive importance of the agro-industrial complex of the region in supporting and ensuring food security of the country on the example of the Krasnodar Territory, since the southern region is of great importance in the formation and development of the agro-industrial complex of the country. In accordance with the program documents, the Krasnodar Territory is a key element in the creation of the “main food base of the country” on the territory of the Southern Federal District on the basis of the formation of a national mega-cluster of the agro-industrial complex. Also in the article, special attention is paid to the problematic aspects and difficulties in the practice of creating and operating a reclamation complex in the regions of southern Russia. Taking into account the accumulated experience, the key components of the complex land reclamation of the Krasnodar Territory are outlined, providing for the improvement of the physical and physicochemical properties of soils through the use of modern irrigation technologies, the introduction of new methods for removing excess water during the growing season and the expansion of the use of progressive methods of anti-erosion land reclamation. Forecasting the effectiveness of the use of complex land reclamation in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory should show its feasibility and necessity. Through the implementation of comprehensive measures, it is possible to achieve a reduction in soil degradation, increase the efficiency of drainage systems, as well as irrigation in general, and ultimately obtain a positive economic effect. An example of such an economic approach to the agricultural lands of the Kuban is the improvement of the general organic-chemical state of soils, which is mainly reflected in an increase in the gross yield of agricultural crops.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83637223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-820-827
A. Shabatukov, Z. L. Shipsheva, L. Khromova
Institute of Agriculture - branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
俄罗斯科学院卡巴尔达-巴尔干科学中心农业研究所
{"title":"COTTON BOLLWORM AND STEM CORN BORER ON CORN CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE STEPPE ZONE OF THE KABARDINO-BALKARIAN REPUBLIC","authors":"A. Shabatukov, Z. L. Shipsheva, L. Khromova","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-820-827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-820-827","url":null,"abstract":"Institute of Agriculture - branch of the Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88226238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-447-456
G. Gasanov, Sh. K. Salikhov, M.A. Yahiyaev, V. Semenova
The purpose of the work is to determine the content and reserves of nitrogen, its balance in the ecosystems of the northern and southern expositions of the Mayak Mountain in the Highlands of Dagestan. For the first time, calculations of nitrogen reserves and balance in phytocenoses were performed for the High-mountain subprovincion of Dagestan. Methods. The study was conducted in 2012-2019 on the territory of the Gunib base of the Mountain Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A protected regime was introduced at the experimental sites to exclude anthropogenic impact. The plots are located on the slopes of Mount Mayak: south (2100 m above sea level with a slope of 350), north (2070 m above sea level with a slope of 100). The nitrogen content in the phytomass was determined by wet salting. Nitrogen reserves and balance in phytocenoses were determined by the method of A. A. Titlyanova. Results. The productivity of phytomass on the slopes of Mount Mayak was at the northern and southern exposures: in the aboveground mass-69.62 and 66.50 c/ha * year; in the underground mass-2.07-2.10 times more. Most of the nitrogen reserves were on the slope of the northern exposure, which was probably due to the leaching of nitrogen from the soil, due to the great steepness of the southern slopes. The input part of the nitrogen balance in the phytocenoses of the Highlands of Dagestan during the decomposition of the underground mass was from 68.57 to 68.80%, depending on the slope exposure. During the decomposition of aboveground phytomass, 27.29-27.64% were received. Nitrogen fixation and intake with atmospheric precipitation amounted to a total of 3.69-4.32%. The main part of the expenditure item of the nitrogen balance accounts for the creation of net primary production of phytocenoses – 98.25-98.50%. Denitrification was 0.94-1.10%, leaching from the soil was 0.56-0.66%. In the studied protected areas, a positive nitrogen balance of + 8.47 and + 6.2 was found on the northern and southern slopes.
{"title":"NITROGEN RESERVES AND BALANCE IN PHYTOCENOSES OF THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN SUBPROVINCIA OF DAGESTAN","authors":"G. Gasanov, Sh. K. Salikhov, M.A. Yahiyaev, V. Semenova","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-447-456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-4-447-456","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the work is to determine the content and reserves of nitrogen, its balance in the ecosystems of the northern and southern expositions of the Mayak Mountain in the Highlands of Dagestan. For the first time, calculations of nitrogen reserves and balance in phytocenoses were performed for the High-mountain subprovincion of Dagestan. Methods. The study was conducted in 2012-2019 on the territory of the Gunib base of the Mountain Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A protected regime was introduced at the experimental sites to exclude anthropogenic impact. The plots are located on the slopes of Mount Mayak: south (2100 m above sea level with a slope of 350), north (2070 m above sea level with a slope of 100). The nitrogen content in the phytomass was determined by wet salting. Nitrogen reserves and balance in phytocenoses were determined by the method of A. A. Titlyanova. Results. The productivity of phytomass on the slopes of Mount Mayak was at the northern and southern exposures: in the aboveground mass-69.62 and 66.50 c/ha * year; in the underground mass-2.07-2.10 times more. Most of the nitrogen reserves were on the slope of the northern exposure, which was probably due to the leaching of nitrogen from the soil, due to the great steepness of the southern slopes. The input part of the nitrogen balance in the phytocenoses of the Highlands of Dagestan during the decomposition of the underground mass was from 68.57 to 68.80%, depending on the slope exposure. During the decomposition of aboveground phytomass, 27.29-27.64% were received. Nitrogen fixation and intake with atmospheric precipitation amounted to a total of 3.69-4.32%. The main part of the expenditure item of the nitrogen balance accounts for the creation of net primary production of phytocenoses – 98.25-98.50%. Denitrification was 0.94-1.10%, leaching from the soil was 0.56-0.66%. In the studied protected areas, a positive nitrogen balance of + 8.47 and + 6.2 was found on the northern and southern slopes.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86919746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-8-19
A. Solodunov, M. Bandurin, L. D. Sarksyan, M. Lukyanova
The article addresses the issues of improving the regime of saving drainage and discharge water on rice systems in low-water years. The best conditions for rice development are created when there is a layer of water on the soil surface. Due to the presence of a layer of water and its regulation on the lands of rice systems, an optimal reclamation state is maintained. Volumes of supplied and withdrawn water from rice systems depend on relief, hydrogeological and hydrological conditions. The greatest impact on the volume of water supply and runoff is the spring flood, which falls on May - June months, which causes flooding of rice fields. The volume of drainage and discharge of rice irrigation systems of the North Caucasus is 20-75% of water supply. For rice systems located in the dryless and weakly drained zones of the Volga Delta, this volume is significantly larger and reaches 120% of the water supply. Significant filtration from the channels has a great influence on the regime of groundwater, leads to an increase in the level of groundwater in the channel zone, causing flooding, waterlogging and salinization of the territories adjacent to the channels, up to their withdrawal from agricultural use. Filtration losses from the inter-farm and intra-farm network depend on the nature of its clothes, the periodicity of work, the type of soils in which this network is laid, and the degree of turbidity of irrigation water. Depending on the different combination of these factors, the efficiency varies widely: from 0.40 to 0.97, determining a large range of losses for filtration and, accordingly, groundwater supply. In the course of the conducted studies, the regimes for improving the mode of saving drainage and discharge water on rice systems were justified precisely in low-water years. The use of various types of watering on checks and sprinkling with moisture-charging watering contributes to the removal of salts from the upper layers of the soil profile when mineralizing groundwater up to 5 g/l, and watering is desalinating.
{"title":"IMPROVEMENT OF DRAINAGE AND DISCHARGE RUNOFF SAVING MODE ON RICE SYSTEMS IN LOW-WATER YEARS","authors":"A. Solodunov, M. Bandurin, L. D. Sarksyan, M. Lukyanova","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-8-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-8-19","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the issues of improving the regime of saving drainage and discharge water on rice systems in low-water years. The best conditions for rice development are created when there is a layer of water on the soil surface. Due to the presence of a layer of water and its regulation on the lands of rice systems, an optimal reclamation state is maintained. Volumes of supplied and withdrawn water from rice systems depend on relief, hydrogeological and hydrological conditions. The greatest impact on the volume of water supply and runoff is the spring flood, which falls on May - June months, which causes flooding of rice fields. The volume of drainage and discharge of rice irrigation systems of the North Caucasus is 20-75% of water supply. For rice systems located in the dryless and weakly drained zones of the Volga Delta, this volume is significantly larger and reaches 120% of the water supply. Significant filtration from the channels has a great influence on the regime of groundwater, leads to an increase in the level of groundwater in the channel zone, causing flooding, waterlogging and salinization of the territories adjacent to the channels, up to their withdrawal from agricultural use. Filtration losses from the inter-farm and intra-farm network depend on the nature of its clothes, the periodicity of work, the type of soils in which this network is laid, and the degree of turbidity of irrigation water. Depending on the different combination of these factors, the efficiency varies widely: from 0.40 to 0.97, determining a large range of losses for filtration and, accordingly, groundwater supply. In the course of the conducted studies, the regimes for improving the mode of saving drainage and discharge water on rice systems were justified precisely in low-water years. The use of various types of watering on checks and sprinkling with moisture-charging watering contributes to the removal of salts from the upper layers of the soil profile when mineralizing groundwater up to 5 g/l, and watering is desalinating.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79894828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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