Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-654-662
O. Biryukov
The results of the use of the prebiotic drug "Kormomix MOS", when growing sheep of the Stavropol breed up to 8 months of age in semi-desert conditions are presented. During the period of the lambing campaign, two groups of queens with sheep aged 30 days were formed in the flock of sheep. Lambs were selected according to the method of analogues of 20 heads in each group. For separate feeding of lambs inside the sakman cages made of wooden shields, "canteens" with an area of 15 m2 were equipped. The prebiotic drug "Kormomix-MOS" is 5 g per head per day for 30 days. Its positive effect on the increase in live weight and meat productivity has been established. According to the live weight, the superiority of the animals of the experimental group over the control ones was 1.95 kg or 5.6% (P>0.999). The experienced animals had the best meat qualities. According to the pre-slaughter weight, the excess was 5.2%, according to the mass of chilled carcasses, the advantage was 1.16 kg (8.3%), respectively. The lethal yield was also 42.2 % in the experimental group, and it was 41.13% in the control group, respectively. The analysis of the yield of cuts by varieties also indicates that in the carcasses of animals of the II experimental group, the yield of first – class cuts-hip, lumbar and shoulder-spinal, was greater than in the control ones by 0.5%. In terms of morphological composition, the carcasses of group II sheep exceeded the control in terms of the yield of edible parts (pulp) by 0.91%, the meat content coefficient - by 0.06 and the area of the muscle eye – by 0.21 cm2 or 2.1%. When cutting carcasses into anatomical cuts, the advantage of experimental animals over control animals was also established. The average shoulder-spinal cut in the group of experimental animals was 6.57 kg, and the hip cut was 4.29 kg, which exceeded the control ones by 8.2% and 8.9%, respectively. No significant differences were found for the remaining cuts. The mass of the internal organs of the experimental animals was generally greater than that of the control animals, but there was no statistical difference.
{"title":"version: PREBIOTIC DRUG \"KORMOMIX MOS\" IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF RAISING YOUNG SHEEP","authors":"O. Biryukov","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-654-662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-654-662","url":null,"abstract":"The results of the use of the prebiotic drug \"Kormomix MOS\", when growing sheep of the Stavropol breed up to 8 months of age in semi-desert conditions are presented. During the period of the lambing campaign, two groups of queens with sheep aged 30 days were formed in the flock of sheep. Lambs were selected according to the method of analogues of 20 heads in each group. For separate feeding of lambs inside the sakman cages made of wooden shields, \"canteens\" with an area of 15 m2 were equipped. The prebiotic drug \"Kormomix-MOS\" is 5 g per head per day for 30 days. Its positive effect on the increase in live weight and meat productivity has been established. According to the live weight, the superiority of the animals of the experimental group over the control ones was 1.95 kg or 5.6% (P>0.999). The experienced animals had the best meat qualities. According to the pre-slaughter weight, the excess was 5.2%, according to the mass of chilled carcasses, the advantage was 1.16 kg (8.3%), respectively. The lethal yield was also 42.2 % in the experimental group, and it was 41.13% in the control group, respectively. The analysis of the yield of cuts by varieties also indicates that in the carcasses of animals of the II experimental group, the yield of first – class cuts-hip, lumbar and shoulder-spinal, was greater than in the control ones by 0.5%. In terms of morphological composition, the carcasses of group II sheep exceeded the control in terms of the yield of edible parts (pulp) by 0.91%, the meat content coefficient - by 0.06 and the area of the muscle eye – by 0.21 cm2 or 2.1%. When cutting carcasses into anatomical cuts, the advantage of experimental animals over control animals was also established. The average shoulder-spinal cut in the group of experimental animals was 6.57 kg, and the hip cut was 4.29 kg, which exceeded the control ones by 8.2% and 8.9%, respectively. No significant differences were found for the remaining cuts. The mass of the internal organs of the experimental animals was generally greater than that of the control animals, but there was no statistical difference.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76280560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-672-682
A. Solodunov, M. Bandurin, L. D. Sarksyan, M. Lukyanova
At this stage of agricultural development, Russia is in many ways inferior to other countries. This is manifested, first of all, with the underdevelopment of industry and shortcomings in the technologies for the development of agriculture. Considering one of the activities in agriculture, namely rice growing, it is worth noting that relatively recently, in the 80s of the last century, the Kuban, as one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, achieved maximum success in the development of irrigation systems for rice cultivation. But at this time, there is enough area for rice cultivation to meet both internal and external needs, which is good news, but at the same time another problem arises related to the constant decrease in water resources. Accordingly, the timely elimination of problems in the irrigation system will lead to the improvement of the irrigation system. The challenge is to reduce unnecessary water loss during irrigation in rice cultivation. The economic support for the maintenance of irrigation system technology in Russia leaves much to be desired. Because of this, in numerous cases, individual parts of the irrigation system are subject to repair, but not the reconstruction of the main canals, or even the construction of new systems. The article deals with modern issues of monitoring the technical condition of the Kryukovskaya irrigation system of the Abinsk region using laser scanning methods. The results of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to improve the monitoring of the technical condition of the elements of irrigation systems are presented. Today, the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Kubanmeliovodkhoz Administration" does not have the technical capabilities and resources as in the 70-80s of the last century, but at the same time, responsibility has only increased over the years, both pumping stations, mechanical equipment, partitioning structures, as well as inter-farm and on-farm channels. Many elements need to be replaced, as they have exhausted their operational resource, designed for thirty years of operation. Irrational organization of water management leads to significant losses of water, energy and material and technical resources. The stages of using modern unmanned aerial vehicles for examining the elements of irrigation systems are considered.
{"title":"MONITORING OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE KRYUKOVSKAYA IRRIGATION SYSTEM OF THE ABINSK REGION USING LASER SCANNING METHODS","authors":"A. Solodunov, M. Bandurin, L. D. Sarksyan, M. Lukyanova","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-672-682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-672-682","url":null,"abstract":"At this stage of agricultural development, Russia is in many ways inferior to other countries. This is manifested, first of all, with the underdevelopment of industry and shortcomings in the technologies for the development of agriculture. Considering one of the activities in agriculture, namely rice growing, it is worth noting that relatively recently, in the 80s of the last century, the Kuban, as one of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, achieved maximum success in the development of irrigation systems for rice cultivation. But at this time, there is enough area for rice cultivation to meet both internal and external needs, which is good news, but at the same time another problem arises related to the constant decrease in water resources. Accordingly, the timely elimination of problems in the irrigation system will lead to the improvement of the irrigation system. The challenge is to reduce unnecessary water loss during irrigation in rice cultivation. The economic support for the maintenance of irrigation system technology in Russia leaves much to be desired. Because of this, in numerous cases, individual parts of the irrigation system are subject to repair, but not the reconstruction of the main canals, or even the construction of new systems. The article deals with modern issues of monitoring the technical condition of the Kryukovskaya irrigation system of the Abinsk region using laser scanning methods. The results of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles to improve the monitoring of the technical condition of the elements of irrigation systems are presented. Today, the Federal State Budgetary Institution \"Kubanmeliovodkhoz Administration\" does not have the technical capabilities and resources as in the 70-80s of the last century, but at the same time, responsibility has only increased over the years, both pumping stations, mechanical equipment, partitioning structures, as well as inter-farm and on-farm channels. Many elements need to be replaced, as they have exhausted their operational resource, designed for thirty years of operation. Irrational organization of water management leads to significant losses of water, energy and material and technical resources. The stages of using modern unmanned aerial vehicles for examining the elements of irrigation systems are considered.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76422686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-885-895
R. N. Bulatov, E. M. Sengaliev, V. Avdeenko, A. Molchanov
During the prophylactic examination at the last stages of gestation, 27.691.79% of pregnant ewes were diagnosed with eclampsia of varying severity: arterial hypertension (BP 136.1 ± 2.85 mm Hg), proteinuria (protein content in urine more than 3 0±0.49 g/l), edema and coma. In urine, an increase in the concentration of ketone bodies above the physiological norm by 2.3 times, their fractions of AcAc and BH - by 5.9 and 1.5 times, respectively, was noted. In the blood, a decrease in buffer bases to 18.41 ± 1.53 mmol/l, a glucose concentration to 2.12 ± 0.12 mmol/l, a BH/AcAc coefficient to 1.47 ± 0.12 mmol/l were established. There was an increase in the concentration of the intermediate product of lipid peroxidation in the blood by 43.0%, the concentration of stable nitric oxide metabolites - by 38.0%, vitamin C - by 24.1%. The content of vitamin E decreased by 13.1%, and the concentration of double bonds increased by 20.46% with an atypical form of eclampsia and by 34.13% with the appearance of a typical form of eclampsia. The level of diene conjugates increased by 1.87 times. The concentration of intermediate products of ketodienes and conjugated trienes is increased by 1.75 times in comparison with the atypical form of the course of eclampsia and by 3.54 times with its typical course. In pregnant ewes, the activity of oxidized glutathione is increased (2.879 ± 0.32 µmol/l), and superoxide dismutase (1.736±0.37 arb. units) is lower than in the comparison group (2.146±0.56 µmol/l). Consequently, the metabolic parameters that are traditionally used in the diagnostic algorithm in pregnant sheep with metabolic stress with symptoms of eclampsia in some cases are less sensitive and specific than the indicators of the system "lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection". In the future, the material obtained in this work should be taken into account when studying the problem of eclampsia in pregnant sheep, as a concept for the development of impaired functioning of the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection system in this metabolic pathology.
在妊娠末期的预防性检查中，27.691.79%的妊娠母羊被诊断为不同程度的子痫:动脉高血压(血压136.1±2.85 mm Hg)、蛋白尿(尿中蛋白质含量大于30±0.49 g/l)、水肿和昏迷。在尿液中，酮体浓度高于生理标准增加了2.3倍，AcAc和BH -分别增加了5.9倍和1.5倍。血液中缓冲碱降至18.41±1.53 mmol/l，葡萄糖浓度降至2.12±0.12 mmol/l, BH/AcAc系数降至1.47±0.12 mmol/l。血液中脂质过氧化中间产物的浓度增加了43.0%，稳定的一氧化氮代谢物的浓度增加了38.0%，维生素C增加了24.1%。不典型子痫时维生素E含量下降13.1%，双键浓度升高20.46%，典型子痫时升高34.13%。二烯缀合物的含量增加了1.87倍。酮二烯和共轭三烯中间产物浓度比子痫不典型病程增加1.75倍，比典型病程增加3.54倍。在妊娠母羊中，氧化谷胱甘肽(2.879±0.32µmol/l)和超氧化物歧化酶(1.736±0.37µmol/l)活性升高。单位)低于对照组(2.146±0.56µmol/l)。因此，在某些情况下伴有子痫症状的代谢应激妊娠羊的诊断算法中，传统上使用的代谢参数的敏感性和特异性不如“脂质过氧化-抗氧化保护”系统指标。未来，在研究妊娠羊子痫问题时，应考虑本工作获得的材料，作为在这种代谢病理中发展脂质过氧化-抗氧化保护系统功能受损的概念。
{"title":"METABOLIC CHANGES IN THE ORGANISM OF SHEEP AT THE LAST TERMS OF GESTATION WITH COMPLICATION OF PREGNANCY WITH ECLAMPSIAS","authors":"R. N. Bulatov, E. M. Sengaliev, V. Avdeenko, A. Molchanov","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-885-895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-885-895","url":null,"abstract":"During the prophylactic examination at the last stages of gestation, 27.691.79% of pregnant ewes were diagnosed with eclampsia of varying severity: arterial hypertension (BP 136.1 ± 2.85 mm Hg), proteinuria (protein content in urine more than 3 0±0.49 g/l), edema and coma. In urine, an increase in the concentration of ketone bodies above the physiological norm by 2.3 times, their fractions of AcAc and BH - by 5.9 and 1.5 times, respectively, was noted. In the blood, a decrease in buffer bases to 18.41 ± 1.53 mmol/l, a glucose concentration to 2.12 ± 0.12 mmol/l, a BH/AcAc coefficient to 1.47 ± 0.12 mmol/l were established. There was an increase in the concentration of the intermediate product of lipid peroxidation in the blood by 43.0%, the concentration of stable nitric oxide metabolites - by 38.0%, vitamin C - by 24.1%. The content of vitamin E decreased by 13.1%, and the concentration of double bonds increased by 20.46% with an atypical form of eclampsia and by 34.13% with the appearance of a typical form of eclampsia. The level of diene conjugates increased by 1.87 times. The concentration of intermediate products of ketodienes and conjugated trienes is increased by 1.75 times in comparison with the atypical form of the course of eclampsia and by 3.54 times with its typical course. In pregnant ewes, the activity of oxidized glutathione is increased (2.879 ± 0.32 µmol/l), and superoxide dismutase (1.736±0.37 arb. units) is lower than in the comparison group (2.146±0.56 µmol/l). Consequently, the metabolic parameters that are traditionally used in the diagnostic algorithm in pregnant sheep with metabolic stress with symptoms of eclampsia in some cases are less sensitive and specific than the indicators of the system \"lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection\". In the future, the material obtained in this work should be taken into account when studying the problem of eclampsia in pregnant sheep, as a concept for the development of impaired functioning of the lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection system in this metabolic pathology.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88407959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article notes that at present, despite numerous studies of thermal fatigue, the thermal fatigue strength of cast irons due to stresses in parts made of this material requires additional study. Issues of thermal fatigue strength are especially relevant for such heat-stressed parts of internal combustion engines of autotractor diesel engines as the cylinder head. Of particular importance for these parts in their design and restoration is the ability to predict thermal fatigue strength, which is the main criterion that determines their durability. The article describes an approach to solving the problem of predicting the thermal fatigue strength of cast iron parts based on the data on their stress state and the results of thermal fatigue testing of samples on a specially designed and manufactured installation. The setup consists of two massive plates mounted on racks, between which a sample with a hole was rigidly installed. During the tests, the sample was heated by a special annular furnace to a temperature of 550°C for two minutes, and then cooled with running water through the central hole. A sample bounded on both sides during heating and thermal expansion accumulated residual tensile stresses as a result of relaxation processes and, upon reaching critical values and the appearance of fatigue defects in the form of cracks, ruptured. The proposed mode quite accurately repeats the operating conditions of the heat-receiving surface of the cylinder heads in the area of the intervalve jumpers when changing the operating mode at rated power and subsequent engine shutdown. As a result of the tests, the curves of the number of cycles to failure depending on the achieved stresses were obtained and their approximation was carried out. On the basis of approximating expressions and dependences of "limited durability" under low-cycle loading of parts, the thermal fatigue strength of a part made of cast iron can be predicted when its stress state changes as a result of design changes or after restoration.
{"title":"ON THE RESULTS OF THERMAL FATIGUE TESTING OF CAST IRON AND THE EVALUATION OF ITS DURABILITY","authors":"Chekmarev Vasily Vasilievich, Nikitin Dmitry Anatolievich","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1118-1128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1118-1128","url":null,"abstract":"The article notes that at present, despite numerous studies of thermal fatigue, the thermal fatigue strength of cast irons due to stresses in parts made of this material requires additional study. Issues of thermal fatigue strength are especially relevant for such heat-stressed parts of internal combustion engines of autotractor diesel engines as the cylinder head. Of particular importance for these parts in their design and restoration is the ability to predict thermal fatigue strength, which is the main criterion that determines their durability. The article describes an approach to solving the problem of predicting the thermal fatigue strength of cast iron parts based on the data on their stress state and the results of thermal fatigue testing of samples on a specially designed and manufactured installation. The setup consists of two massive plates mounted on racks, between which a sample with a hole was rigidly installed. During the tests, the sample was heated by a special annular furnace to a temperature of 550°C for two minutes, and then cooled with running water through the central hole. A sample bounded on both sides during heating and thermal expansion accumulated residual tensile stresses as a result of relaxation processes and, upon reaching critical values and the appearance of fatigue defects in the form of cracks, ruptured. The proposed mode quite accurately repeats the operating conditions of the heat-receiving surface of the cylinder heads in the area of the intervalve jumpers when changing the operating mode at rated power and subsequent engine shutdown. As a result of the tests, the curves of the number of cycles to failure depending on the achieved stresses were obtained and their approximation was carried out. On the basis of approximating expressions and dependences of \"limited durability\" under low-cycle loading of parts, the thermal fatigue strength of a part made of cast iron can be predicted when its stress state changes as a result of design changes or after restoration.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82626366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-772-778
Chechek Sat, D. L. Seden, E. S. Oorzhak
The study of veterinary and sanitary examination of by-products used for the manufacture of traditional national Tuvan dishes. The work was carried out in the Kyzyl-Mazhalyk inter-skin veterinary laboratory. Material for research - by-products of the 1st category (liver, kidneys and spleen) and 2nd category (rumen, colon and jejunum), obtained from small ruminants. The conditions for conducting organoleptic studies consisted in the study of offal samples obtained 2 hours after the slaughter of animals and on the 6th day of storage. Temperature regime of offal samples storage: +4 °С. Changes in organoleptic characteristics, confirming the spoilage of by-products, were detected on the 6th day in the rumen and intestines when stored refrigerated under similar conditions. The appearance did not raise doubts about the ongoing changes: consistency, smell (putrid, sour-putrid), the presence of a cloudy broth. The use of laboratory research methods contributed to the reliable detection of changes at the earliest stages of spoilage of by-products and confirmed the severity of changes determined by external examination. The use of laboratory research methods is a promising direction for monitoring the safety of by-products used in nutrition; When conducting research by organoleptic methods, it was noted that primary changes are detected in samples of by-products of the 2nd category on the 6th day of storage; The type of by-product determines the transparency parameter of the broth obtained when the sample is boiled; The results of the conducted studies once again confirm that the quality of by-products depends on the terms and conditions of storage.
{"title":"VETERINARY AND SANITARY EXAMINATION OF TRADITIONAL TUVAN NATIONAL MEAT PRODUCTS (OFFAL)","authors":"Chechek Sat, D. L. Seden, E. S. Oorzhak","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-772-778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-6-772-778","url":null,"abstract":"The study of veterinary and sanitary examination of by-products used for the manufacture of traditional national Tuvan dishes. The work was carried out in the Kyzyl-Mazhalyk inter-skin veterinary laboratory. Material for research - by-products of the 1st category (liver, kidneys and spleen) and 2nd category (rumen, colon and jejunum), obtained from small ruminants. The conditions for conducting organoleptic studies consisted in the study of offal samples obtained 2 hours after the slaughter of animals and on the 6th day of storage. Temperature regime of offal samples storage: +4 °С. Changes in organoleptic characteristics, confirming the spoilage of by-products, were detected on the 6th day in the rumen and intestines when stored refrigerated under similar conditions. The appearance did not raise doubts about the ongoing changes: consistency, smell (putrid, sour-putrid), the presence of a cloudy broth. The use of laboratory research methods contributed to the reliable detection of changes at the earliest stages of spoilage of by-products and confirmed the severity of changes determined by external examination. The use of laboratory research methods is a promising direction for monitoring the safety of by-products used in nutrition; When conducting research by organoleptic methods, it was noted that primary changes are detected in samples of by-products of the 2nd category on the 6th day of storage; The type of by-product determines the transparency parameter of the broth obtained when the sample is boiled; The results of the conducted studies once again confirm that the quality of by-products depends on the terms and conditions of storage.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89052013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-848-859
A. Babaeva, S. R. Khabibov
The materials of the article discuss the issue of the effectiveness of the use of a cultivator with right- and left-sided flat-cutting paws mounted on a longitudinal base on both sides in a staggered arrangement, with continuous tillage. Analytical dependences were derived reflecting the influence of the design and technological parameters of the proposed design of the cultivator on the resistance of tillage. To confirm the possibility and adequacy of the application of the presented dependences, laboratory and field studies were carried out. The studies were carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 20915-2011, GOST 33687-2015, GOST R 54783-2011. For these purposes, a design was developed that imitates the proposed design of the cultivator. In the course of laboratory studies, it was found that with an increase in the depth of tillage with the right- and left-sided flat-cutting paw of the cultivator, there is a sharp increase in the resistance of tillage and at a tillage depth of 4 cm, the increase was 56.7%, at a depth of 6 cm - 39.1% ; 8 cm - 28.9%; 10 cm - 24.1% and 12 cm - 20.4%. Increasing the speed of tillage by the cultivator of the proposed design also leads to an increase in the resistance of tillage. It was found that by increasing the soil tillage speed to 1.8 m/s, an increase in soil tillage resistance up to 9.4% was recorded, and a further increase in tillage speed leads to a higher increase in soil tillage resistance up to 23.5%. Conducted field tests fully confirmed the results of theoretical and laboratory studies. The comparison of the results of soil tillage resistance performed by the serial cultivator KPS-4.0-0.2 found that it is 9.8% higher compared to the cultivator of the proposed design. This circumstance allows us to conclude that the use of a cultivator with right- and left-sided flat-cutting paws is effective in tillage.
{"title":"INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF A CULTIVATOR WITH RIGHT- AND LEFT-SIDED FLAT-CUTTING PAWS ON SOIL TILLAGE RESISTANCE","authors":"A. Babaeva, S. R. Khabibov","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-848-859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-7-848-859","url":null,"abstract":"The materials of the article discuss the issue of the effectiveness of the use of a cultivator with right- and left-sided flat-cutting paws mounted on a longitudinal base on both sides in a staggered arrangement, with continuous tillage. Analytical dependences were derived reflecting the influence of the design and technological parameters of the proposed design of the cultivator on the resistance of tillage. To confirm the possibility and adequacy of the application of the presented dependences, laboratory and field studies were carried out. The studies were carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 20915-2011, GOST 33687-2015, GOST R 54783-2011. For these purposes, a design was developed that imitates the proposed design of the cultivator. In the course of laboratory studies, it was found that with an increase in the depth of tillage with the right- and left-sided flat-cutting paw of the cultivator, there is a sharp increase in the resistance of tillage and at a tillage depth of 4 cm, the increase was 56.7%, at a depth of 6 cm - 39.1% ; 8 cm - 28.9%; 10 cm - 24.1% and 12 cm - 20.4%. Increasing the speed of tillage by the cultivator of the proposed design also leads to an increase in the resistance of tillage. It was found that by increasing the soil tillage speed to 1.8 m/s, an increase in soil tillage resistance up to 9.4% was recorded, and a further increase in tillage speed leads to a higher increase in soil tillage resistance up to 23.5%. Conducted field tests fully confirmed the results of theoretical and laboratory studies. The comparison of the results of soil tillage resistance performed by the serial cultivator KPS-4.0-0.2 found that it is 9.8% higher compared to the cultivator of the proposed design. This circumstance allows us to conclude that the use of a cultivator with right- and left-sided flat-cutting paws is effective in tillage.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83333650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-591-598
E. V. Kozhukhova, O. P. Oreshnikova
The research was conducted in 2018-2020 in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The soil of the site is ordinary heavy loamy chernozem, with a low content of nitrate nitrogen (4 ... 6 mg/kg of soil), an average content of mobile phosphorus (19.7 mg/100 g) and a high content of exchangeable potassium (12.6 mg/100 g). Weather conditions during the study period were different in terms of heat and moisture availability of the growing season: 2018-medium arid (SCC 0.60), 2019-insufficiently humidified (SCC 0.89), 2020-sufficiently humidified (SCC 1.32). The object of the study was 9 samples of field peas, the standard is a zoned variety of seed peas, grain-bearing direction, Radomir. The aim of the research was a comparative assessment of the adaptability of the mass of 1000 seeds of collection samples of field peas. The tasks were set to determine the indicators of adaptability of samples by the weight of 1000 seeds: ecological plasticity (bi), homeostaticity( Nom), coefficient of adaptivity (KA), coefficient of multicativity (KM), stability indicator (PUSS); by ranking the obtained indicators, to determine the most adaptive samples of field peas by the mass of 1000 seeds in the conditions of the East Siberian forest-steppe; to determine the variability of the studied indicator by years and to identify correlations of the mass of 1000 seeds with the indicators of adaptability. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in most cases, the adaptive abilities of field peas were higher than those of the standard-field peas, which allows us to recommend Pisum arvense L. to attract Pisum sativum L. to hybridization during breeding. in order to increase the adaptability of the indicator, the weight of 1000 seeds. It was found that Tabyz, Pleiofilia tupe and K-9031 were the most adaptive in terms of the mass of 1000 seeds in the conditions of Eastern Siberia from the studied samples of seed peas. The variability of the trait over the years was insignificant – less than 10%, and only in two variants – Tabyz and K-4375 average-from 10% to 20%. A strong dependence of the mass of 1000 seeds with the following indicators was revealed: Hom homeostaticity (r=0.88±0.17), KA adaptivity coefficient (r = 1.00 ± 0.00) and the PUSS stability level indicator (r = 0.88 ± 0.17); the average with a regression coefficient bi (r = 0.31 ± 0.34) and a weak negative with a multicativity coefficient KM (r = -0.11 ± 0.35).
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF THE ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF PISUM ARVENSE L. SAMPLES BY WEIGHT OF 1000 SEEDS","authors":"E. V. Kozhukhova, O. P. Oreshnikova","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-591-598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-591-598","url":null,"abstract":"The research was conducted in 2018-2020 in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The soil of the site is ordinary heavy loamy chernozem, with a low content of nitrate nitrogen (4 ... 6 mg/kg of soil), an average content of mobile phosphorus (19.7 mg/100 g) and a high content of exchangeable potassium (12.6 mg/100 g). Weather conditions during the study period were different in terms of heat and moisture availability of the growing season: 2018-medium arid (SCC 0.60), 2019-insufficiently humidified (SCC 0.89), 2020-sufficiently humidified (SCC 1.32). The object of the study was 9 samples of field peas, the standard is a zoned variety of seed peas, grain-bearing direction, Radomir. The aim of the research was a comparative assessment of the adaptability of the mass of 1000 seeds of collection samples of field peas. The tasks were set to determine the indicators of adaptability of samples by the weight of 1000 seeds: ecological plasticity (bi), homeostaticity( Nom), coefficient of adaptivity (KA), coefficient of multicativity (KM), stability indicator (PUSS); by ranking the obtained indicators, to determine the most adaptive samples of field peas by the mass of 1000 seeds in the conditions of the East Siberian forest-steppe; to determine the variability of the studied indicator by years and to identify correlations of the mass of 1000 seeds with the indicators of adaptability. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in most cases, the adaptive abilities of field peas were higher than those of the standard-field peas, which allows us to recommend Pisum arvense L. to attract Pisum sativum L. to hybridization during breeding. in order to increase the adaptability of the indicator, the weight of 1000 seeds. It was found that Tabyz, Pleiofilia tupe and K-9031 were the most adaptive in terms of the mass of 1000 seeds in the conditions of Eastern Siberia from the studied samples of seed peas. The variability of the trait over the years was insignificant – less than 10%, and only in two variants – Tabyz and K-4375 average-from 10% to 20%. A strong dependence of the mass of 1000 seeds with the following indicators was revealed: Hom homeostaticity (r=0.88±0.17), KA adaptivity coefficient (r = 1.00 ± 0.00) and the PUSS stability level indicator (r = 0.88 ± 0.17); the average with a regression coefficient bi (r = 0.31 ± 0.34) and a weak negative with a multicativity coefficient KM (r = -0.11 ± 0.35).","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82000620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-538-548
D. Beglyarov, Y. Sukharev, M.S. Ali, E. Nazarkin
The creation of modern reclamation systems is accompanied by the emergence of new technical solutions, the complexity of the design of individual elements and, as a result, an increase in labor and money costs for their design, construction and subsequent operation. There are also requirements for reducing the construction time of these facilities, and improving the efficiency of agricultural production on reclaimed lands. The creation of modern reclamation systems needs to clarify the traditional methodological approaches to solving a number of problems. In reclamation construction, closed irrigation systems are becoming increasingly widespread, the main elements of which are: a stationary or mobile pumping station, a closed irrigation network and sprinkler equipment. The experience of operating modern closed irrigation systems has shown that due to changes in the operating modes of pumping stations and sprinkler equipment, sharp pressure fluctuations (hydraulic shocks) occur in pipelines during certain periods, which can lead to network destruction, failure of pipeline valves and pumps. Hydraulic engineering and reclamation facilities must meet certain requirements for reliability and environmental safety. First of all, this is achieved by protecting pipelines from an unacceptable increase in pressure that occurs during hydraulic shocks caused by changes in the operation of pumping units. Damage and accidents in the pressure systems of a closed irrigation network can also occur during transients that occur when pumping units are started up in accordance with the work schedule. The purpose of the work is to clarify the calculation justification, design and safe operation of closed irrigation systems with pumping stations.
{"title":"FEATURES OF OPERATION OF PUMPING STATIONS ON CLOSED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS","authors":"D. Beglyarov, Y. Sukharev, M.S. Ali, E. Nazarkin","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-538-548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-5-538-548","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of modern reclamation systems is accompanied by the emergence of new technical solutions, the complexity of the design of individual elements and, as a result, an increase in labor and money costs for their design, construction and subsequent operation. There are also requirements for reducing the construction time of these facilities, and improving the efficiency of agricultural production on reclaimed lands. The creation of modern reclamation systems needs to clarify the traditional methodological approaches to solving a number of problems. In reclamation construction, closed irrigation systems are becoming increasingly widespread, the main elements of which are: a stationary or mobile pumping station, a closed irrigation network and sprinkler equipment. The experience of operating modern closed irrigation systems has shown that due to changes in the operating modes of pumping stations and sprinkler equipment, sharp pressure fluctuations (hydraulic shocks) occur in pipelines during certain periods, which can lead to network destruction, failure of pipeline valves and pumps. Hydraulic engineering and reclamation facilities must meet certain requirements for reliability and environmental safety. First of all, this is achieved by protecting pipelines from an unacceptable increase in pressure that occurs during hydraulic shocks caused by changes in the operation of pumping units. Damage and accidents in the pressure systems of a closed irrigation network can also occur during transients that occur when pumping units are started up in accordance with the work schedule. The purpose of the work is to clarify the calculation justification, design and safe operation of closed irrigation systems with pumping stations.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85299021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-49-64
O. Olenin, S. Zudilin
The aim of the research is to develop a multi-component organic complex feed with the function of a soil enhancer based on nanostructured diatomite using organic waste and raw materials processing products and to study its impact on agrophytocenosis indicators and field crop yields. The work used the results of research on the development of multicomponent organic fertilizers, as well as their effectiveness on the pilot field of the Samara State University in 2017-20. (southern forest-steppe of the Volga region). It was revealed that the development of multicomponent organic fertilizers based on nanostructured diatomite and organic waste and raw materials processing products is an effective direction for the development and dissemination of organic farming technologies, especially in the conditions of increasing aridity of the growing season. Multicomponent fertilizer - an organic complex feed with the function of a soil enhancer based on diatomite - reduced the involvement of winter wheat plants with root rots by 12.7-29.7% compared to the control, and by 6.0-8.0% compared to mineral fertilizer. The yield of winter wheat in organic fertilizer was inferior to the productivity in mineral - by an average of 0.9-6.5%, with the cost of introduced mineral fertilizer of about 2000.00, and organic - 1710.00 rubles/ha. The greatest yield was achieved on the variant with mineral fertilizer on the background with biologics - 23.8% more control, but only 0.9% more than the variant with organic fertilizer. Therefore, multi-component polyfunctional organic fertilizer based on diatomite is not inferior in agronomic and economic efficiency to mineral fertilizer, which is a significant prerequisite for the spread of organic farming technologies.
{"title":"ORGANIC COMPLEX FEEDING WITH DIATOMITE-BASED SOIL ENHANCER FUNCTION FOR ORGANIC FARMING","authors":"O. Olenin, S. Zudilin","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-49-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-1-49-64","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research is to develop a multi-component organic complex feed with the function of a soil enhancer based on nanostructured diatomite using organic waste and raw materials processing products and to study its impact on agrophytocenosis indicators and field crop yields. The work used the results of research on the development of multicomponent organic fertilizers, as well as their effectiveness on the pilot field of the Samara State University in 2017-20. (southern forest-steppe of the Volga region). It was revealed that the development of multicomponent organic fertilizers based on nanostructured diatomite and organic waste and raw materials processing products is an effective direction for the development and dissemination of organic farming technologies, especially in the conditions of increasing aridity of the growing season. Multicomponent fertilizer - an organic complex feed with the function of a soil enhancer based on diatomite - reduced the involvement of winter wheat plants with root rots by 12.7-29.7% compared to the control, and by 6.0-8.0% compared to mineral fertilizer. The yield of winter wheat in organic fertilizer was inferior to the productivity in mineral - by an average of 0.9-6.5%, with the cost of introduced mineral fertilizer of about 2000.00, and organic - 1710.00 rubles/ha. The greatest yield was achieved on the variant with mineral fertilizer on the background with biologics - 23.8% more control, but only 0.9% more than the variant with organic fertilizer. Therefore, multi-component polyfunctional organic fertilizer based on diatomite is not inferior in agronomic and economic efficiency to mineral fertilizer, which is a significant prerequisite for the spread of organic farming technologies.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75485814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analysis is given of some corrosion problems in the agro-industrial complex associated with various climatic conditions, specific operating environments for machinery and equipment, and some particular solutions are shown related to the use of anti-corrosion materials available and effective in agricultural production. When tested in a 3% NaCl solution for 160 days, sunflower and rapeseed oil sludges, waste motor oil purification products are effective. Protective efficiency is 89-90%. The study of soil extracts by the method of polarization curves showed that leached chernozem is more corrosive than ordinary chernozem and dark chestnut soils. Additives to soils with mineral fertilizers increase their corrosive aggressiveness, especially in the presence of moisture. The rate of corrosion in soil extracts in the presence of ammonium nitrate is 10-15% higher than in the presence of azophoska, superphosphate, and urea. Sunflower oil sludge protects the surface of 0.8 kp steel with traces of mineral fertilizers with a protective efficiency of 97-100. It has been found that at high humidity, steel is more susceptible to general corrosion than copper or brass. This trend persists at H = 100% and the simultaneous presence of CO2, H2S, NH3 in concentrations three times higher than the maximum allowable for livestock buildings. Solving the problem of the correct choice of anti-corrosion materials will reduce the losses from corrosion destruction of agricultural machinery and equipment, while observing the principle of adequacy of the cost of protection and corrosive aggressiveness of the environment.
{"title":"ON PROBLEMS OF PROTECTION AGAINST ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION OF MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT IN AIC","authors":"Knyazeva Larisa Gennadievna, Dorokhov Andrey Valerievich, Kuryato Nikolai Alekseevich, Safonov Valentin Vladimirovich","doi":"10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1106-1117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35679/1991-9476-2021-16-8-1106-1117","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis is given of some corrosion problems in the agro-industrial complex associated with various climatic conditions, specific operating environments for machinery and equipment, and some particular solutions are shown related to the use of anti-corrosion materials available and effective in agricultural production. When tested in a 3% NaCl solution for 160 days, sunflower and rapeseed oil sludges, waste motor oil purification products are effective. Protective efficiency is 89-90%. The study of soil extracts by the method of polarization curves showed that leached chernozem is more corrosive than ordinary chernozem and dark chestnut soils. Additives to soils with mineral fertilizers increase their corrosive aggressiveness, especially in the presence of moisture. The rate of corrosion in soil extracts in the presence of ammonium nitrate is 10-15% higher than in the presence of azophoska, superphosphate, and urea. Sunflower oil sludge protects the surface of 0.8 kp steel with traces of mineral fertilizers with a protective efficiency of 97-100. It has been found that at high humidity, steel is more susceptible to general corrosion than copper or brass. This trend persists at H = 100% and the simultaneous presence of CO2, H2S, NH3 in concentrations three times higher than the maximum allowable for livestock buildings. Solving the problem of the correct choice of anti-corrosion materials will reduce the losses from corrosion destruction of agricultural machinery and equipment, while observing the principle of adequacy of the cost of protection and corrosive aggressiveness of the environment.","PeriodicalId":14015,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Life-Sciences Scientific Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75639438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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