Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.112
D. Yadav, Dr. RK Gupta, Dr. VJ Bahl, D. P. Kumari
Background: Measurement of the visual field is the most important component for preventing the potentially blinding diseases. Materials and method : After obtaining the written informed consent, all subjects were made to undergo a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. The study population included the patients visiting the OPD of the Ophthalmology department, Solan with the eye disease in which it was necessary to examine visual fields. The study population included the eye diseases in which it was considered necessary to examine for the visual field defects. The study sample was selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results : Majority of the study population in present study belonged to 50-59 years (23.81%) and 40-49 years (20.95%) age groups. The major cause for the visual field defects was Glaucoma (55.2%) followed by Neurological causes (11.4%), Cataract (9.5%), ARMD (4.8%), BRVO, CRVO (3.8%) and Optic neuritis (1.9%). Conclusion : Visual field defects have a significant impact on the quality of life and should be considered mandatory in the rehabilitation process especially if the patient can perform perimetry.
{"title":"Diseases causing visual Field defects at Solan","authors":"D. Yadav, Dr. RK Gupta, Dr. VJ Bahl, D. P. Kumari","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.112","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Measurement of the visual field is the most important component for preventing the potentially blinding diseases. Materials and method : After obtaining the written informed consent, all subjects were made to undergo a comprehensive ophthalmic examination. The study population included the patients visiting the OPD of the Ophthalmology department, Solan with the eye disease in which it was necessary to examine visual fields. The study population included the eye diseases in which it was considered necessary to examine for the visual field defects. The study sample was selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results : Majority of the study population in present study belonged to 50-59 years (23.81%) and 40-49 years (20.95%) age groups. The major cause for the visual field defects was Glaucoma (55.2%) followed by Neurological causes (11.4%), Cataract (9.5%), ARMD (4.8%), BRVO, CRVO (3.8%) and Optic neuritis (1.9%). Conclusion : Visual field defects have a significant impact on the quality of life and should be considered mandatory in the rehabilitation process especially if the patient can perform perimetry.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85858889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.75
R. Dabhade, Sujata Chahande
The study included 60 eyes having all nasal primary pterygium. Simple excision was performed followed by closure of the bare sclera by conjunctival autograft by the known method of fibrin glue in 30 eyes (Group A) versus autologous serum (Group B). During follow-up of 3 months, the eyes were assessed in comprehensive manner on postop day one, one month and third month. Outcome measures were assessed by cosmesis, operative time, postoperative recovery, graft inflammation, sub-conjunctival haemorrhage [SCH], Graft stability and recurrence. Average operative time in group A and group B were 18 minutes and 27 minutes respectively. Postoperative findings like graft oedema in conjunctival inflammation were more or less similar in both groups. In terms of graft stability, there were 1 (3.3%) graft loss in group A versus 2 (6.7%) graft loss. 2 (6.7%) partial displacements seen in group A whereas 4 (13.3%) partial displacements in group B. Most common finding in group B was SCH which made poor cosmesis but it lasted 2-3 weeks. There was one granuloma in group A. Both groups had same recurrence rate of 6.7%. Also graft retraction seen in 2 eyes each in either group. Autologous serum glue method is safe, efficacious and cost effective yet not commonly performed. As per our study, this method is associated with less postoperative discomfort with success rates that are comparable to fibrin glue.
{"title":"To compare conjunctival autografting with autologous serum against fibrin glue in pterygium excision","authors":"R. Dabhade, Sujata Chahande","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.75","url":null,"abstract":"The study included 60 eyes having all nasal primary pterygium. Simple excision was performed followed by closure of the bare sclera by conjunctival autograft by the known method of fibrin glue in 30 eyes (Group A) versus autologous serum (Group B). During follow-up of 3 months, the eyes were assessed in comprehensive manner on postop day one, one month and third month. Outcome measures were assessed by cosmesis, operative time, postoperative recovery, graft inflammation, sub-conjunctival haemorrhage [SCH], Graft stability and recurrence. Average operative time in group A and group B were 18 minutes and 27 minutes respectively. Postoperative findings like graft oedema in conjunctival inflammation were more or less similar in both groups. In terms of graft stability, there were 1 (3.3%) graft loss in group A versus 2 (6.7%) graft loss. 2 (6.7%) partial displacements seen in group A whereas 4 (13.3%) partial displacements in group B. Most common finding in group B was SCH which made poor cosmesis but it lasted 2-3 weeks. There was one granuloma in group A. Both groups had same recurrence rate of 6.7%. Also graft retraction seen in 2 eyes each in either group. Autologous serum glue method is safe, efficacious and cost effective yet not commonly performed. As per our study, this method is associated with less postoperative discomfort with success rates that are comparable to fibrin glue.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83974159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.101
Dr. Vaishali S, Dr. Manavalan S, Dr. Sridevi V, D. M., Dr. Ramya M
Introduction: Pterygium is a triangular encroachment of the vascularised granulation tissue covered by conjunctiva in the interpalpebral area. It is a degenerative condition of conjunctiva. This is a prospective and comparative study to assess the outcome of the pterygium surgery by conjunctival limbal autograft with suture and autologous blood. Material and Methods: A prospective and comparative study of patients with primary pterygium attending ophthalmology outpatient department in our tertiary care hospital. Patients are divided into two groups randomly. Group 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. On each visit graft retraction, graft displacement, inflammatory reaction, recurrence of pterygium and comfort of the patient were noted. All two groups were compared in terms of surgical time, postoperative discomfort and recurrence. Results: The age was comparable between the groups. The Conjunctival limbal autograft with suture had a mean age of 45.38±11.23 years and conjunctival limbal autograft with autologous blood group had a mean age of 43.38±8.09 years. The surgical time was highest among Group 1. Conjunctival limbal autograft with suture had a mean surgical time of 43.06±2.11 minutes and conjunctival limbal autograft with autologous blood group had a mean surgical time of 29.50±2.68 minutes. Among conjunctival limbal autograft with suture recurrence was present among 6.3% on POD 180. Conclusion : Concluding the study of comparison between two techniques of pterygium surgery, autologous blood procedure is time and cost effective with less postoperative discomfort. No recurrence was found in the autologous group in comparison to conjunctival limbal autograft with sutures. However beneficial the autologous blood procedure is, the complication of postoperative graft displacement arises, which is not found in conjunctival limbal autograft with sutures.
{"title":"Comparative study between conjunctival limbal autograft with sutures and autologous blood","authors":"Dr. Vaishali S, Dr. Manavalan S, Dr. Sridevi V, D. M., Dr. Ramya M","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.101","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pterygium is a triangular encroachment of the vascularised granulation tissue covered by conjunctiva in the interpalpebral area. It is a degenerative condition of conjunctiva. This is a prospective and comparative study to assess the outcome of the pterygium surgery by conjunctival limbal autograft with suture and autologous blood. Material and Methods: A prospective and comparative study of patients with primary pterygium attending ophthalmology outpatient department in our tertiary care hospital. Patients are divided into two groups randomly. Group 1 month, 3 months and 6 months postoperatively. On each visit graft retraction, graft displacement, inflammatory reaction, recurrence of pterygium and comfort of the patient were noted. All two groups were compared in terms of surgical time, postoperative discomfort and recurrence. Results: The age was comparable between the groups. The Conjunctival limbal autograft with suture had a mean age of 45.38±11.23 years and conjunctival limbal autograft with autologous blood group had a mean age of 43.38±8.09 years. The surgical time was highest among Group 1. Conjunctival limbal autograft with suture had a mean surgical time of 43.06±2.11 minutes and conjunctival limbal autograft with autologous blood group had a mean surgical time of 29.50±2.68 minutes. Among conjunctival limbal autograft with suture recurrence was present among 6.3% on POD 180. Conclusion : Concluding the study of comparison between two techniques of pterygium surgery, autologous blood procedure is time and cost effective with less postoperative discomfort. No recurrence was found in the autologous group in comparison to conjunctival limbal autograft with sutures. However beneficial the autologous blood procedure is, the complication of postoperative graft displacement arises, which is not found in conjunctival limbal autograft with sutures.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91163003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I2A.87
Anusha N Sangapur, Varsha Huralikoppi, Renuka
Background: Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular vision loss in children and as amblyopia is a major preventable and treatable cause of pediatric low vision, early detection and treatment of amblyopia is very important to reduce the prevalence of amblyopia. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted during the school health check up visits conducted by ophthalmology department in tertiary care teaching hospital for screening of eye disorders in school children who belongs to the age group of 5-15 years over a period of 1 year in which 813 children underwent screening, among them 110 children with the reduced vision were referred to hospital for detailed ophthalmic evaluation which includes cycloplegic refraction and dilated fundus examination. Amblyopia was detected in children with reduced best corrected visual acuity. Results: A total of 813 study subjects were screened. Out of them 110 (13.5%) were found to have diminished vision. When the study subjects with diminished vision were subjected for further tests, 18 (2.2%), (p value is 0.494) of them were found to have amblyopia. Amblyopia was present in 10 (18.9%) females and 8 (14%) males. Anisometropic amblyopia was the most common type of amblyopia found in 10 (55.6%) study subjects, followed by meridional and strabismus type of amblyopia in 4 cases each (22.2%). Among strabismus, exotropia was seen in more study subjects 4(0.5%) than esotropia in 2 cases (0.2%). A higher number of moderate grade of amblyopia was seen than mild grade of amblyopia.Conclusion: The results indicate the importance of screening school going children for amblyopia and the importance of early detection and treatment.
{"title":"Screening of school children between age group of 5-15 years to detect the prevalence of amblyopia and type of amblyopia","authors":"Anusha N Sangapur, Varsha Huralikoppi, Renuka","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I2A.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I2A.87","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Amblyopia is the most common cause of monocular vision loss in children and as amblyopia is a major preventable and treatable cause of pediatric low vision, early detection and treatment of amblyopia is very important to reduce the prevalence of amblyopia. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted during the school health check up visits conducted by ophthalmology department in tertiary care teaching hospital for screening of eye disorders in school children who belongs to the age group of 5-15 years over a period of 1 year in which 813 children underwent screening, among them 110 children with the reduced vision were referred to hospital for detailed ophthalmic evaluation which includes cycloplegic refraction and dilated fundus examination. Amblyopia was detected in children with reduced best corrected visual acuity. Results: A total of 813 study subjects were screened. Out of them 110 (13.5%) were found to have diminished vision. When the study subjects with diminished vision were subjected for further tests, 18 (2.2%), (p value is 0.494) of them were found to have amblyopia. Amblyopia was present in 10 (18.9%) females and 8 (14%) males. Anisometropic amblyopia was the most common type of amblyopia found in 10 (55.6%) study subjects, followed by meridional and strabismus type of amblyopia in 4 cases each (22.2%). Among strabismus, exotropia was seen in more study subjects 4(0.5%) than esotropia in 2 cases (0.2%). A higher number of moderate grade of amblyopia was seen than mild grade of amblyopia.Conclusion: The results indicate the importance of screening school going children for amblyopia and the importance of early detection and treatment.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84094954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.96
Dr. Apurva H Suthar
Background and Aim: Dry eye disease has a significant impact including physical, social, psychological, negatively affecting daily activities and workplace productivity. This study is conducted to find the prevalence of dry disease in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to find the correlation between glycemic control and prevalence of dry eye. Material and Methods: A total of 130 patients fulfilled the criteria and total 200 eyes are included in the study. Type II diabetic patients diagnosed by the American Diabetes Associations criteria. The duration of diabetes, fasting and post-prandial blood sugar and Hb1Ac values were recorded. A complete ocular examination of the lid margins, conjunctiva, cornea and tear film was done. Examination of fundus was done to access the grade of diabetic retinopathy in the patients. Relevant examination of other important ocular structures was done. Following this, tests to diagnose dry eye were performed. These are tear break up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining by Rose Bengal and fluorescein staining, Schirmer’s tests and conjunctival impression cytology. Diagnosis of dry eye was made if OSDI Score was more than 12 with one of the positive specific tests for dry eye. Results: Prevalence of dry eye in diabetes in males and females were comparable to each other that are 44.99% and 54.01%. A statistically significant co-relation was found on comparing between Schirmer score of that eye and HbA1c level of that individual. All the patient with severe NPDR and PDR had Schirmer score of below 5 mm. Our study found that with increased duration of diabetes, the chance of developing dry eye increases, and poor glycemic control increases the severity of dry eye. The severity of diabetes has a positive correlation with goblet cell loss and morphological changes in conjunctival impression cytology. Conclusion: Significant correlation between the prevalence of dry eye in the diabetic patient which shows poor glycemic control is directly related to dry eye. This study reveals that attention should also be paid on dry eye, particularly among patients suffering from DM when they are concerned about diabetic retinopathy.
{"title":"Prevalence of dry disease in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Dr. Apurva H Suthar","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.96","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Dry eye disease has a significant impact including physical, social, psychological, negatively affecting daily activities and workplace productivity. This study is conducted to find the prevalence of dry disease in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to find the correlation between glycemic control and prevalence of dry eye. Material and Methods: A total of 130 patients fulfilled the criteria and total 200 eyes are included in the study. Type II diabetic patients diagnosed by the American Diabetes Associations criteria. The duration of diabetes, fasting and post-prandial blood sugar and Hb1Ac values were recorded. A complete ocular examination of the lid margins, conjunctiva, cornea and tear film was done. Examination of fundus was done to access the grade of diabetic retinopathy in the patients. Relevant examination of other important ocular structures was done. Following this, tests to diagnose dry eye were performed. These are tear break up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining by Rose Bengal and fluorescein staining, Schirmer’s tests and conjunctival impression cytology. Diagnosis of dry eye was made if OSDI Score was more than 12 with one of the positive specific tests for dry eye. Results: Prevalence of dry eye in diabetes in males and females were comparable to each other that are 44.99% and 54.01%. A statistically significant co-relation was found on comparing between Schirmer score of that eye and HbA1c level of that individual. All the patient with severe NPDR and PDR had Schirmer score of below 5 mm. Our study found that with increased duration of diabetes, the chance of developing dry eye increases, and poor glycemic control increases the severity of dry eye. The severity of diabetes has a positive correlation with goblet cell loss and morphological changes in conjunctival impression cytology. Conclusion: Significant correlation between the prevalence of dry eye in the diabetic patient which shows poor glycemic control is directly related to dry eye. This study reveals that attention should also be paid on dry eye, particularly among patients suffering from DM when they are concerned about diabetic retinopathy.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83575024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.106
N. Pednekar, Vijay Bhanudas Barge, Deepak S. Phalgune, A. Dhabarde
Introduction: The most common abnormalities seen in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) are fundus spasm, focal/generalized narrowing of retinal arterioles, haemorrhages, exudates, peripapillary or focal retinal oedema, serous retinal detachment, bilateral retinal detachment, exudative retinal detachment and severe macular oedema. There is a paucity of data available in the published literature on the prevalence of retinal changes in PIH from India. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to find the prevalence of retinal changes in PIH and the association between the retinal changes and severity of PIH. Materials and Methods: 350 women with gestational ages between 20 and 40 weeks admitted in the maternity ward in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha between November 2017 and November 2019 with features of PIH both asymptomatic and symptomatic were included in this cross-sectional study. Age, parity, gestational period, blood pressure and proteinuria of the patients were documented. Fundus examination was done to find the retinal changes (hypertensive retinopathy) according to Keith Wagener classification. Comparison of the distribution of categorical variables was done using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of 350 patients, 218 (62.3%), 92 (26.3%), 34 (9.7%), 5 (1.4%) and 1 (0.3%) had normal, Grade I, Grade II, Grade III and Grade IV fundus changes respectively. The prevalence of Grade III/IV hypertensive retinopathy was significantly higher in eclampsia 4/34 (11.8%) as compared to gestational hypertension 0/210 (0.0%) and preeclampsia 2/106 (1.9%) (p-value< 0. 0001). The prevalence of Grade III/IV hypertensive retinopathy was significantly higher in patients who had systolic blood pressure > 180 mm of Hg 1/4 (25.0%), diastolic blood pressure > 110 mm of Hg 1/9 (11.1%). Conclusion: The occurrence of hypertensive retinopathy is associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Fundus examination is very important in patients having PIH.
妊娠高血压(PIH)最常见的异常是眼底痉挛、视网膜小动脉局灶性/全身性狭窄、出血、渗出物、乳头周围或局灶性视网膜水肿、浆液性视网膜脱离、双侧视网膜脱离、渗出性视网膜脱离和严重黄斑水肿。在已发表的文献中，关于印度PIH患者视网膜病变患病率的数据缺乏。目的:本研究的目的是发现PIH中视网膜改变的患病率以及视网膜改变与PIH严重程度之间的关系。材料与方法:本横断面研究纳入了2017年11月至2019年11月在瓦尔达圣雄甘地医学科学研究所妇产科病房住院的350名胎龄在20至40周之间的妇女，这些妇女具有无症状和有症状的PIH特征。记录患者的年龄、胎次、妊娠期、血压和蛋白尿。眼底检查发现视网膜改变(高血压性视网膜病变)根据Keith Wagener分类。分类变量分布的比较采用Fisher精确检验。结果:350例患者中，218例(62.3%)、92例(26.3%)、34例(9.7%)、5例(1.4%)、1例(0.3%)眼底改变为正常、1级、2级、3级、4级。子痫组III/IV级高血压视网膜病变的患病率(11.8%)明显高于妊娠期高血压组(0.0%)和子痫前期组(1.9%)(p值< 0)。0001)。收缩压> 180 mm / Hg 1/4(25.0%)、舒张压> 110 mm / Hg 1/9(11.1%)患者的III/IV级高血压性视网膜病变患病率明显较高。结论:高血压性视网膜病变的发生与妊娠高血压有关。眼底检查对PIH患者非常重要。
{"title":"A clinical study of fundus changes in pregnancy induced hypertension in tertiary health care Centre in Sevagram, Wardha, India","authors":"N. Pednekar, Vijay Bhanudas Barge, Deepak S. Phalgune, A. Dhabarde","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.106","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The most common abnormalities seen in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) are fundus spasm, focal/generalized narrowing of retinal arterioles, haemorrhages, exudates, peripapillary or focal retinal oedema, serous retinal detachment, bilateral retinal detachment, exudative retinal detachment and severe macular oedema. There is a paucity of data available in the published literature on the prevalence of retinal changes in PIH from India. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to find the prevalence of retinal changes in PIH and the association between the retinal changes and severity of PIH. Materials and Methods: 350 women with gestational ages between 20 and 40 weeks admitted in the maternity ward in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha between November 2017 and November 2019 with features of PIH both asymptomatic and symptomatic were included in this cross-sectional study. Age, parity, gestational period, blood pressure and proteinuria of the patients were documented. Fundus examination was done to find the retinal changes (hypertensive retinopathy) according to Keith Wagener classification. Comparison of the distribution of categorical variables was done using Fisher’s exact test. Results: Of 350 patients, 218 (62.3%), 92 (26.3%), 34 (9.7%), 5 (1.4%) and 1 (0.3%) had normal, Grade I, Grade II, Grade III and Grade IV fundus changes respectively. The prevalence of Grade III/IV hypertensive retinopathy was significantly higher in eclampsia 4/34 (11.8%) as compared to gestational hypertension 0/210 (0.0%) and preeclampsia 2/106 (1.9%) (p-value< 0. 0001). The prevalence of Grade III/IV hypertensive retinopathy was significantly higher in patients who had systolic blood pressure > 180 mm of Hg 1/4 (25.0%), diastolic blood pressure > 110 mm of Hg 1/9 (11.1%). Conclusion: The occurrence of hypertensive retinopathy is associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Fundus examination is very important in patients having PIH.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73334680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.78
A. P. Kumar, Pandurangaiah Elluru
Background: A blurred image caused by the shape of the eye which does not bend light correctly. It is a major health problem globally affecting a large number of people with many ocular morbidities. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the noncycloplegic refractive error with cycloplegic refractive error using autorefractometer. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Department of ophthalmology, Nizam Medical College, Hyderabad between August 2018 to August 2019. Total number of patients selected were 70. Results: Autorefractometer values were comparable between pre and post cycloplegic values which were 23 and 24 right and left eyes of hypermetropia patients. From dioptric range, number of patients increased significantly (+0.25 to +1.25) to (+2.75 to +3.75) which was 11 to 26 and 21 to 32 right and left eyes respectively. P value in right eye and left eye was
{"title":"A comparative study of noncycloplegic refractive error values with cycloplegic refractive error values using, autorefractometer","authors":"A. P. Kumar, Pandurangaiah Elluru","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.78","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A blurred image caused by the shape of the eye which does not bend light correctly. It is a major health problem globally affecting a large number of people with many ocular morbidities. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the noncycloplegic refractive error with cycloplegic refractive error using autorefractometer. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Department of ophthalmology, Nizam Medical College, Hyderabad between August 2018 to August 2019. Total number of patients selected were 70. Results: Autorefractometer values were comparable between pre and post cycloplegic values which were 23 and 24 right and left eyes of hypermetropia patients. From dioptric range, number of patients increased significantly (+0.25 to +1.25) to (+2.75 to +3.75) which was 11 to 26 and 21 to 32 right and left eyes respectively. P value in right eye and left eye was","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74080898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.79
Mittal G Kuchhadiya, S. Bhatt, B. Parth, Chirag D Odedara, Marium Mansuri, Jineel Bhatt
Objective: To evaluate the spectrum and frequency of patients presenting with vitreo-retinal diseases at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat.Material and Methods: A total of 92922 patients were seen on OPD basis at the Department of Ophthalmology, GMERS Medical College, Gandhi Nagar, from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2020. Their data was obtained from the OPD register. Demographic details, evaluation of vision with refraction, anterior segment slit lamp examination, dilated posterior segment slit lamp examination with 90 D lens, indirect ophthalmoscopy with 20 D lens were done. When needed ultrasound (B Scan), Fundus Fluorescein angiography and OCT examination were also done. Data was analysed for simple frequency and inter group differences were performed using the Chi-Square test.Results: Out of the total OPD patients, 4952 patients had vitreo-retinal diseases. Diabetic retinopathy was the most common vitreo-retinal disease. Vision threatening DR was found in 884 patients having DR. Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) and Retinal Vascular occlusive diseases were the next common vitreo retinal diseases causing vision impairment. Co-existent DM and Hypertension were the most common associated systemic diseases. Hematological tests, OCT were the most commonly done investigations.Conclusion: Diabetes is major factor contributing to blindness due to vitreo retinal diseases in the form of Diabetic Retinopathy and its association with retinal vessel occlusive disease. With the changing demographic in the coming years, this problem is going to increase. The time has now come to rise up to the situation and plan the establishment of human resources, early screening, timely management and awareness of the disease and to make it affordable and easily accessible to the community.
{"title":"The spectrum and burden of Vitreo-retinal diseases among ophthalmic out-patients in a tertiary care hospital: A retrospective study","authors":"Mittal G Kuchhadiya, S. Bhatt, B. Parth, Chirag D Odedara, Marium Mansuri, Jineel Bhatt","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.79","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the spectrum and frequency of patients presenting with vitreo-retinal diseases at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat.Material and Methods: A total of 92922 patients were seen on OPD basis at the Department of Ophthalmology, GMERS Medical College, Gandhi Nagar, from 01 January 2018 to 31 December 2020. Their data was obtained from the OPD register. Demographic details, evaluation of vision with refraction, anterior segment slit lamp examination, dilated posterior segment slit lamp examination with 90 D lens, indirect ophthalmoscopy with 20 D lens were done. When needed ultrasound (B Scan), Fundus Fluorescein angiography and OCT examination were also done. Data was analysed for simple frequency and inter group differences were performed using the Chi-Square test.Results: Out of the total OPD patients, 4952 patients had vitreo-retinal diseases. Diabetic retinopathy was the most common vitreo-retinal disease. Vision threatening DR was found in 884 patients having DR. Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) and Retinal Vascular occlusive diseases were the next common vitreo retinal diseases causing vision impairment. Co-existent DM and Hypertension were the most common associated systemic diseases. Hematological tests, OCT were the most commonly done investigations.Conclusion: Diabetes is major factor contributing to blindness due to vitreo retinal diseases in the form of Diabetic Retinopathy and its association with retinal vessel occlusive disease. With the changing demographic in the coming years, this problem is going to increase. The time has now come to rise up to the situation and plan the establishment of human resources, early screening, timely management and awareness of the disease and to make it affordable and easily accessible to the community.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83839797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I2A.85
Rohit Shirodkar, U. Usgaonkar
Background: Myopia is considered a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma. This study aimed to assess the association of axial length and degree of myopia on RNFL thickness.Material and Method: This cross-sectional study is conducted among 50 myopic patients aged between 18 to 60yrs attending ophthalmology OPD at a tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted after getting approval from institutional ethics committee and patients recruited after obtaining informed consent. The ocular examination of all the included patients was done using an auto refractometer, retinoscopy, ONH OCT for RNFL thickness measurement, fundus with IDO and 90D. The average RNFL thickness was recorded globally and separately for the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants.Results: A total of 100 eyes were evaluated, mean age of the study population was 35.02±9.07 years with range of 21-54years. The mean of refraction errors in all the patients was -3.41±2.04D with a range of -1 to -20D and mean axial length was 24.11±1.10 with a range of 22.18 to 26.8mm. There is a significant decrease in the RNFL thickness in patients with increase in refractive error and the axial length. (p
{"title":"Correlation of axial length and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layerthickness by optical coherence tomographyin myopes","authors":"Rohit Shirodkar, U. Usgaonkar","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I2A.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I2A.85","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Myopia is considered a risk factor for open-angle glaucoma. This study aimed to assess the association of axial length and degree of myopia on RNFL thickness.Material and Method: This cross-sectional study is conducted among 50 myopic patients aged between 18 to 60yrs attending ophthalmology OPD at a tertiary care hospital. The study was conducted after getting approval from institutional ethics committee and patients recruited after obtaining informed consent. The ocular examination of all the included patients was done using an auto refractometer, retinoscopy, ONH OCT for RNFL thickness measurement, fundus with IDO and 90D. The average RNFL thickness was recorded globally and separately for the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants.Results: A total of 100 eyes were evaluated, mean age of the study population was 35.02±9.07 years with range of 21-54years. The mean of refraction errors in all the patients was -3.41±2.04D with a range of -1 to -20D and mean axial length was 24.11±1.10 with a range of 22.18 to 26.8mm. There is a significant decrease in the RNFL thickness in patients with increase in refractive error and the axial length. (p","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90729809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I2A.83
Rahul Dagwar, Aakanksha Patel, R. Chauhan
Context: Unaddressed refractive errors account for a large proportion of ocular morbidities among adolescents and can hamper their overall development. Hence, compliance with the use of visual aids should be ensured. Aim: To evaluate the degree of spectacle compliance and to assess the principle determinants for non-compliance among adolescents in a tertiary care hospital. Settings and Design: Hospital based, prospective observational study. Methods and Material: A prospective observational study was conducted over 2 years. 365 adolescents (10-19 years) attending ophthalmology OPD were observed and interviewed using questionnaire and possible causes associated with non-compliance identified. Results: Out of 365 adolescents, 190 (52.05 %) were females and 175 (47.95 %) males. Overall compliance rate was 47.12 %. Compliance was more with urban residence (p value 0.014), father’s education (p value 0.022), myopia (p value 0.001) and poor uncorrected visual acuity in better eye (p value 0.0015). The common causes for not wearing spectacles were peer pressure (17.62 %), parental disapproval (15.03 %), broken spectacles (13.47 %), dislike spectacles (11.92%), social stigma/misconceptions (10.87%), occasional use (8.81 %), forgetfulness (7.25 %), lost spectacles (6.22%), headache due to spectacles (5.18 %) and discomfort due to spectacles (3.63 %). Conclusion: Proper counselling of adolescents and their parents regarding importance of using spectacles is essential at the time of prescribing spectacles and it can improve spectacle compliance and visual outcome.
{"title":"Compliance of spectacle wear among adolescents in a tertiary care hospital","authors":"Rahul Dagwar, Aakanksha Patel, R. Chauhan","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I2A.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.V3.I2A.83","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Unaddressed refractive errors account for a large proportion of ocular morbidities among adolescents and can hamper their overall development. Hence, compliance with the use of visual aids should be ensured. Aim: To evaluate the degree of spectacle compliance and to assess the principle determinants for non-compliance among adolescents in a tertiary care hospital. Settings and Design: Hospital based, prospective observational study. Methods and Material: A prospective observational study was conducted over 2 years. 365 adolescents (10-19 years) attending ophthalmology OPD were observed and interviewed using questionnaire and possible causes associated with non-compliance identified. Results: Out of 365 adolescents, 190 (52.05 %) were females and 175 (47.95 %) males. Overall compliance rate was 47.12 %. Compliance was more with urban residence (p value 0.014), father’s education (p value 0.022), myopia (p value 0.001) and poor uncorrected visual acuity in better eye (p value 0.0015). The common causes for not wearing spectacles were peer pressure (17.62 %), parental disapproval (15.03 %), broken spectacles (13.47 %), dislike spectacles (11.92%), social stigma/misconceptions (10.87%), occasional use (8.81 %), forgetfulness (7.25 %), lost spectacles (6.22%), headache due to spectacles (5.18 %) and discomfort due to spectacles (3.63 %). Conclusion: Proper counselling of adolescents and their parents regarding importance of using spectacles is essential at the time of prescribing spectacles and it can improve spectacle compliance and visual outcome.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80527943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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