Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.107
G. Jayakrishnan, Nallamuthu P, Giridhar Ps
Introduction: Albinism comes from ‘albus’, the Latin word meaning white, and refers to a group of hereditary disorders wherein the biosynthesis of the pigment melanin is absent or reduced. Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous and autosomal recessive disorder that involves a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, and is associated with ocular and visual defects such as photophobia, strabismus, nystagmus and low vision. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive community based study conducted at a tertiary care medical college hospital. The Department of Ophthalmology enrolled 39 subjects satisfying the inclusion criteria. The diagnostic criteria for OCA patients included in the study, were those having ocular features of iris transillumination and retinal hypopigmentation in addition to depigmentation of the skin, hair and nails. Results: 39 patients with OCA were included, mean age 20 years. The largest proportion of participants (40%) included those between 16 and 25yrs. Using World Health Organization classification based on best corrected distance visual acuity, 8%, 70%, 15% and 7% of 78 eyes had normal vision, moderate VI, severe VI and blindness respectively. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of refractive, non-refractive and mixed ophthalmic disorders among albinos. There was significant improvement in visual acuity and function following optical correction and alignment in people with albinism, despite overall subnormal acuity. Refractive correction should be encouraged for people with albinism.
{"title":"Effectiveness of refractive error correction for people with oculocutaneous albinism in South Indian population","authors":"G. Jayakrishnan, Nallamuthu P, Giridhar Ps","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.107","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Albinism comes from ‘albus’, the Latin word meaning white, and refers to a group of hereditary disorders wherein the biosynthesis of the pigment melanin is absent or reduced. Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a heterogeneous and autosomal recessive disorder that involves a lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes, and is associated with ocular and visual defects such as photophobia, strabismus, nystagmus and low vision. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive community based study conducted at a tertiary care medical college hospital. The Department of Ophthalmology enrolled 39 subjects satisfying the inclusion criteria. The diagnostic criteria for OCA patients included in the study, were those having ocular features of iris transillumination and retinal hypopigmentation in addition to depigmentation of the skin, hair and nails. Results: 39 patients with OCA were included, mean age 20 years. The largest proportion of participants (40%) included those between 16 and 25yrs. Using World Health Organization classification based on best corrected distance visual acuity, 8%, 70%, 15% and 7% of 78 eyes had normal vision, moderate VI, severe VI and blindness respectively. Conclusion: There is high prevalence of refractive, non-refractive and mixed ophthalmic disorders among albinos. There was significant improvement in visual acuity and function following optical correction and alignment in people with albinism, despite overall subnormal acuity. Refractive correction should be encouraged for people with albinism.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81233917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.108
Devika Parameshwar, Akarshitha B, Rajani Kadri, S. Hegde, Ajay A Kudva, A. Shetty, J. Shetty
Importance: Paediatric inpatient referral for Ophthalmology consultations are often requested to evaluate a variety of conditions at a teaching institute hospital. The on-going corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected every aspect of health care in general, including inpatient referrals that could result in long term adverse effect due to the delay in screening, management and providing of required care. Objective: To know the change in paediatric inpatient referral pattern for ophthalmic consultation from pre COVID to COVID period and the effect of the same on visual morbidity. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective record review study included paediatric inpatient references for ophthalmology consultation in a teaching institute hospital from Dec 2019 to May 2020. Patient profile, date of admission, diagnosis, reason for referral and ophthalmic evaluation details were collected from medical record charts. Data obtained was tabulated and analysed. Result: Total of 67 inpatient referrals were requested. Group 1 (45 patients, 67.17%) were during pre COVID period and group 2 (22 patients, 33.83%) included patients in the pandemic period. Mean age was 4.85±4.47 and 4.45±4.35 years in group 1 and group 2 respectively. Refractive error (P=0.019) and ophthalmic screening was the cause for referral in majority in group 1. Referral for optic disc oedema screening was the cause in majority in group 2(P=0.000) Conclusion: COVID period adversely affected the inpatient refractive error screening, a cause of amblyopia in older patients. Inpatient referral for papilledema screening increased despite the pandemic as the condition is considered an emergency.
{"title":"Impact of Covid 19 pandemic on pattern of paediatric inpatient referral for ophthalmic consultation in a teaching institute hospital","authors":"Devika Parameshwar, Akarshitha B, Rajani Kadri, S. Hegde, Ajay A Kudva, A. Shetty, J. Shetty","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.108","url":null,"abstract":"Importance: Paediatric inpatient referral for Ophthalmology consultations are often requested to evaluate a variety of conditions at a teaching institute hospital. The on-going corona virus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected every aspect of health care in general, including inpatient referrals that could result in long term adverse effect due to the delay in screening, management and providing of required care. Objective: To know the change in paediatric inpatient referral pattern for ophthalmic consultation from pre COVID to COVID period and the effect of the same on visual morbidity. Design, Setting, and Participants: This retrospective record review study included paediatric inpatient references for ophthalmology consultation in a teaching institute hospital from Dec 2019 to May 2020. Patient profile, date of admission, diagnosis, reason for referral and ophthalmic evaluation details were collected from medical record charts. Data obtained was tabulated and analysed. Result: Total of 67 inpatient referrals were requested. Group 1 (45 patients, 67.17%) were during pre COVID period and group 2 (22 patients, 33.83%) included patients in the pandemic period. Mean age was 4.85±4.47 and 4.45±4.35 years in group 1 and group 2 respectively. Refractive error (P=0.019) and ophthalmic screening was the cause for referral in majority in group 1. Referral for optic disc oedema screening was the cause in majority in group 2(P=0.000) Conclusion: COVID period adversely affected the inpatient refractive error screening, a cause of amblyopia in older patients. Inpatient referral for papilledema screening increased despite the pandemic as the condition is considered an emergency.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78864116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.115
Dr. Madhuri Patil, Dr. M Gitanjali
Background: Pseudoexfoliation is the common identifiable cause of secondary glaucoma. It is noted to be more aggressive with a high mean progression rate leading to full field blindness within 10 years. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to assess the demographic aspects, magnitude, clinical spectrum and response to treatment of glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Materials and Methods: All patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome who attended Ophthalmology department, Trichy SRM hospital and research centre, Trichy were selected for this study. This is a cross sectional study done over a period from july2018 to September 2020 in patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All patients have undergone complete ocular examination includingvisual acuity, slit lamp examination, ophthalmoscopic examination, IOP measurement, gonioscopy, pachymetry and visual field examination and these patients were advised to followup at regular intervals. Observation and Results: In this study of 96 patients, males with age group of 61-70 years are commonly affected. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is unilateral on presentation but eventually becomes bilateral. The IOP is fluctuating and produce severe optic nerve damage. The course is aggressive and recalcitrant to treatment needs definitive surgical therapy. Conclusion: Pseudoexfoliation is an common identifiable cause of secondary glaucoma producing ocular morbidity. Due to its fluctuating IOP, aggressive course and difficulty in managing with medical treatment it stands as a distinct enigmatic clinical entity. Pseudoexfoliation needs early detection, regular follow up and definitive therapy.
{"title":"A cross sectional study of clinical spectrum and management of glaucoma in Pseudoexfoliation syndrome","authors":"Dr. Madhuri Patil, Dr. M Gitanjali","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pseudoexfoliation is the common identifiable cause of secondary glaucoma. It is noted to be more aggressive with a high mean progression rate leading to full field blindness within 10 years. Aim of study: The aim of this study is to assess the demographic aspects, magnitude, clinical spectrum and response to treatment of glaucoma in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Materials and Methods: All patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome who attended Ophthalmology department, Trichy SRM hospital and research centre, Trichy were selected for this study. This is a cross sectional study done over a period from july2018 to September 2020 in patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All patients have undergone complete ocular examination includingvisual acuity, slit lamp examination, ophthalmoscopic examination, IOP measurement, gonioscopy, pachymetry and visual field examination and these patients were advised to followup at regular intervals. Observation and Results: In this study of 96 patients, males with age group of 61-70 years are commonly affected. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is unilateral on presentation but eventually becomes bilateral. The IOP is fluctuating and produce severe optic nerve damage. The course is aggressive and recalcitrant to treatment needs definitive surgical therapy. Conclusion: Pseudoexfoliation is an common identifiable cause of secondary glaucoma producing ocular morbidity. Due to its fluctuating IOP, aggressive course and difficulty in managing with medical treatment it stands as a distinct enigmatic clinical entity. Pseudoexfoliation needs early detection, regular follow up and definitive therapy.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91498244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.103
Sagarika Aggarwal, Wazid Ali, P. Rewri
Tonometry has evolved over centuries to find an ideal instrument to correctly measure IOP. Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) remains the gold standard for tonometry. The newer tonometers have been developed which operate without anaesthesia, fluorescein dye and with no or minimal contact. This non-interventional, cross-sectional study was done to know the agreement between three types of tonometers –Goldmann applanation tonometer, rebound tonometer (RT) and non-contact tonometry (NCT), in Indian eyes of healthy individuals. When compared to GAT, the measured IOP difference was found to be within ±3 mm Hg in two seventy-six eyes (84.6%; 95% CI: 80.6-88.5%) with RT, and in two eighty-one eyes (86.1%; 95% CI: 82.3-89.8%) with NCT. Both RT and NCT can be used as screening tools for IOP measurement in clinical practice within a relative range of IOP and CCT.
{"title":"Comparison of three types of tonometers in healthy Indian eyes","authors":"Sagarika Aggarwal, Wazid Ali, P. Rewri","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.103","url":null,"abstract":"Tonometry has evolved over centuries to find an ideal instrument to correctly measure IOP. Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) remains the gold standard for tonometry. The newer tonometers have been developed which operate without anaesthesia, fluorescein dye and with no or minimal contact. This non-interventional, cross-sectional study was done to know the agreement between three types of tonometers –Goldmann applanation tonometer, rebound tonometer (RT) and non-contact tonometry (NCT), in Indian eyes of healthy individuals. When compared to GAT, the measured IOP difference was found to be within ±3 mm Hg in two seventy-six eyes (84.6%; 95% CI: 80.6-88.5%) with RT, and in two eighty-one eyes (86.1%; 95% CI: 82.3-89.8%) with NCT. Both RT and NCT can be used as screening tools for IOP measurement in clinical practice within a relative range of IOP and CCT.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87832144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.110
Dr. Manjula Mangane, Dr. Kundurthi Susmitha
Introduction: Epiphora is an imperfect drainage of tears through the lacrimal passage. This is an annoying symptom, embarrassing both socially and functionally. The most common cause being chronic Dacryocystitis. The two widely accepted treatments are external and endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Objective: To compare the primary success rate of external DCR and endonasal endoscopic DCR. Methods: In a prospective randomized controlled study, 50 cases of lower lacrimal passage obstruction were divided into two groups of 25 each. These two groups were surgically treated as Group I-underwent External DCR and Group II –underwent endonasal endoscopic DCR after investigating and evaluation as per the predesigned proforma. Results: 50 cases (7 males, 43 females) of lower nasolacrimal passage obstruction admitted in Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi, were operated, 25 cases underwent external DCR and 25 cases underwent Endonasal Endoscopic DCR. The mean age of the patients was 41.98 years. The success was defined by anatomical patency by sac syringing. At the end of follow up of 3 months, the success rate in group I was 88% (23 cases) and in group II was 76% (19 cases). The average surgical duration required was 59.4 minutes in Group I and 41.8 minutes in group II. Conclusion: Both the procedures represent good alternative for the treatment of lower lacrimal passage obstruction.
{"title":"A comparative study of external dacryocystorhinostomy and endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy","authors":"Dr. Manjula Mangane, Dr. Kundurthi Susmitha","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.110","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Epiphora is an imperfect drainage of tears through the lacrimal passage. This is an annoying symptom, embarrassing both socially and functionally. The most common cause being chronic Dacryocystitis. The two widely accepted treatments are external and endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. Objective: To compare the primary success rate of external DCR and endonasal endoscopic DCR. Methods: In a prospective randomized controlled study, 50 cases of lower lacrimal passage obstruction were divided into two groups of 25 each. These two groups were surgically treated as Group I-underwent External DCR and Group II –underwent endonasal endoscopic DCR after investigating and evaluation as per the predesigned proforma. Results: 50 cases (7 males, 43 females) of lower nasolacrimal passage obstruction admitted in Mahadevappa Rampure Medical College, Kalaburagi, were operated, 25 cases underwent external DCR and 25 cases underwent Endonasal Endoscopic DCR. The mean age of the patients was 41.98 years. The success was defined by anatomical patency by sac syringing. At the end of follow up of 3 months, the success rate in group I was 88% (23 cases) and in group II was 76% (19 cases). The average surgical duration required was 59.4 minutes in Group I and 41.8 minutes in group II. Conclusion: Both the procedures represent good alternative for the treatment of lower lacrimal passage obstruction.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75583464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1b.117
Pritish Gupta, Dr. Sayed Aejaz Hussein, Dr. Ruminder Kaur, Dr. Manoj Gupta
{"title":"Diabetic retinopathy awareness in urban and rural population: A structured interview","authors":"Pritish Gupta, Dr. Sayed Aejaz Hussein, Dr. Ruminder Kaur, Dr. Manoj Gupta","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1b.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1b.117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74913867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.104
Matta Namrata Kamal, Vijay Bhanudas Barge, B. Patil
Introduction: Phacotrabeculectomy is a combined procedure in which both cataract extraction and glaucoma filtering surgery are performed in the same operative session. The one-site approach consists of both cataract extraction and trabeculectomy occurring through a single scleral incision. The two-site approach begins with cataract surgery, typically through a clear cornea incision, followed by a completely separate trabeculectomy performed superiorly upon completing the cataract procedure. This study looks at IOP changes, vision, loss of endothelial cells and BCVA between single-site and twin- site phacoemulsification -trabeculectomy surgeries, Methods: This prospective, randomized study was conducted between September 2014 to August 2015 with sample size of 80 subjects at National institute of Ophthalmology, Pune. Results: The endothelial cell loss was significantly more in single site surgery when compared to twin site surgery, in both at 1 month and 3 months follow-up time points (P-value<0.001, unpaired t test). BCVA improved by 50.82% in Single Site and 62.97 % in Twin Site when compared to Pre-op Visual Acuity at 3 months post-op time point. Distribution of subjects improved to the desired direction on BCVA in both single site and twin site procedures at both 1 month and 3-month follow-up time points. Conclusion: Phacotrabeculectomy surgery should be considered in patients with required low target IOP, complex medical regimens and advanced glaucoma. In terms of corneal safety twin site surgery has an edge over single site surgery at a follow up period of 3 months.
{"title":"Evaluation of pre-operative and post-operative endothelial cell counts in single-site versus twin-site phacoemulsification trabeculectomy: A Prospective, randomized study","authors":"Matta Namrata Kamal, Vijay Bhanudas Barge, B. Patil","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2022.v4.i1a.104","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Phacotrabeculectomy is a combined procedure in which both cataract extraction and glaucoma filtering surgery are performed in the same operative session. The one-site approach consists of both cataract extraction and trabeculectomy occurring through a single scleral incision. The two-site approach begins with cataract surgery, typically through a clear cornea incision, followed by a completely separate trabeculectomy performed superiorly upon completing the cataract procedure. This study looks at IOP changes, vision, loss of endothelial cells and BCVA between single-site and twin- site phacoemulsification -trabeculectomy surgeries, Methods: This prospective, randomized study was conducted between September 2014 to August 2015 with sample size of 80 subjects at National institute of Ophthalmology, Pune. Results: The endothelial cell loss was significantly more in single site surgery when compared to twin site surgery, in both at 1 month and 3 months follow-up time points (P-value<0.001, unpaired t test). BCVA improved by 50.82% in Single Site and 62.97 % in Twin Site when compared to Pre-op Visual Acuity at 3 months post-op time point. Distribution of subjects improved to the desired direction on BCVA in both single site and twin site procedures at both 1 month and 3-month follow-up time points. Conclusion: Phacotrabeculectomy surgery should be considered in patients with required low target IOP, complex medical regimens and advanced glaucoma. In terms of corneal safety twin site surgery has an edge over single site surgery at a follow up period of 3 months.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89856544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.89
Perikal K Tarika, A. Tasneem, Vittal I Nayak, F. Jafar, Sara Nastain, C. Vasundhara
Purpose: To correlate corneal endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma suspects and newly detected primary glaucoma patients. Patients and Methods: This duration-based, case-control study included 219 patients of which 80 were glaucoma suspects, 60 primary open- angle glaucoma and 79 were controls. The data was collected at the department of ophthalmology at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore. Specular microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography were performed on each patient and analysed. Results: The mean endothelial cell density showed a significant difference in glaucoma suspects and primary open angle glaucoma in comparison with controls. The CCT showed only a minimal difference between the three groups. The comparative analysis of RNFL in controls, glaucoma suspects and primary open angle glaucoma showed that primary open angle glaucoma showed the highest thinning among the three groups. The mean value between the controls, glaucoma suspects and primary open angle glaucoma was significant with a p value <0.001. Conclusion: Eyes with lower ECD were found to have thinner RNFL and Larger CDR in glaucoma suspects and newly detected cases of primary open angle glaucoma and the rate of RNFL and endothelial cell damage was directly proportional to increasing IOP. The CCT in the three groups showed only minimal difference. Thus, corneal parameters like ECD and CCT when used in combination with RNFL thickness are paramount in predicting the chances of future development of progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy among glaucoma suspects and newly detected primary open angle glaucoma patients.
{"title":"The correlation between corneal endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in glaucoma suspects and newly detected primary glaucoma patients.","authors":"Perikal K Tarika, A. Tasneem, Vittal I Nayak, F. Jafar, Sara Nastain, C. Vasundhara","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.89","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To correlate corneal endothelial cell density, central corneal thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in glaucoma suspects and newly detected primary glaucoma patients. Patients and Methods: This duration-based, case-control study included 219 patients of which 80 were glaucoma suspects, 60 primary open- angle glaucoma and 79 were controls. The data was collected at the department of ophthalmology at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore. Specular microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography were performed on each patient and analysed. Results: The mean endothelial cell density showed a significant difference in glaucoma suspects and primary open angle glaucoma in comparison with controls. The CCT showed only a minimal difference between the three groups. The comparative analysis of RNFL in controls, glaucoma suspects and primary open angle glaucoma showed that primary open angle glaucoma showed the highest thinning among the three groups. The mean value between the controls, glaucoma suspects and primary open angle glaucoma was significant with a p value <0.001. Conclusion: Eyes with lower ECD were found to have thinner RNFL and Larger CDR in glaucoma suspects and newly detected cases of primary open angle glaucoma and the rate of RNFL and endothelial cell damage was directly proportional to increasing IOP. The CCT in the three groups showed only minimal difference. Thus, corneal parameters like ECD and CCT when used in combination with RNFL thickness are paramount in predicting the chances of future development of progressive glaucomatous optic neuropathy among glaucoma suspects and newly detected primary open angle glaucoma patients.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81846703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.90
D. Archana
Background and Objectives: Dry eye is a common multifactorial disorder of tear film resulting in ocular discomfort and tear-film instability with potential damage to ocular surface, due to decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation. It progressively increases in severity and if not detected may lead to sight threatening complications. This study was undertaken to study the prevalence, risk factors and diagnostic tests for dry eye. Methods: This study was conducted in Ophthalmology OPD at Regional Eye Hospital and attached to kakatiya Medical College, Warangal from September 2017 to August 2019. 300 patients were enrolled in this study. Occupation, smoking history and other systemic co-morbidities were documented. They were given OSDI questionnaire and subjected to four tests (Schirmer’s test, TBUT, Rose Bengal test, Fluorescein staining). If ≥2 tests were positive, the patients were diagnosed as dry eye. All dry eye patients were treated with tear substitutes and those with MGD were treated with tablet Doxycycline 100mg BD. Results and Conclusion: Dry eye prevalence was found to be 46.7%. It was more prevalent in females >40 years of age (60.4%). The prevalence increased with increasing age more among patients >50 years of age (49.3%) followed by age group 30-39 years (35%). Patients with outdoor jobs such as farmers, labourers had higher percentage of dry eye (50%) followed by office workers (22.1%). 70% of the dry eye patients had refractive error with or without history of spectacle use (p<0.00). It was more among the smokers than non-smokers. Patients having diabetes mellitus had higher prevalence of dry eye (29.3%) (p<0.00). TBUT showed high sensitivity and specificity while Schirmer’s test was highly specific, followed by other tests. Based on OSDI scores, most patients had moderate dry eye symptoms. During follow-up there was improvement in OSDI scores while no significant improvement in diagnostic test scores.
{"title":"A clinical study of prevalence, risk factors and management of dry eye at regional eye hospital","authors":"D. Archana","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2a.90","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Dry eye is a common multifactorial disorder of tear film resulting in ocular discomfort and tear-film instability with potential damage to ocular surface, due to decreased tear production or increased tear evaporation. It progressively increases in severity and if not detected may lead to sight threatening complications. This study was undertaken to study the prevalence, risk factors and diagnostic tests for dry eye. Methods: This study was conducted in Ophthalmology OPD at Regional Eye Hospital and attached to kakatiya Medical College, Warangal from September 2017 to August 2019. 300 patients were enrolled in this study. Occupation, smoking history and other systemic co-morbidities were documented. They were given OSDI questionnaire and subjected to four tests (Schirmer’s test, TBUT, Rose Bengal test, Fluorescein staining). If ≥2 tests were positive, the patients were diagnosed as dry eye. All dry eye patients were treated with tear substitutes and those with MGD were treated with tablet Doxycycline 100mg BD. Results and Conclusion: Dry eye prevalence was found to be 46.7%. It was more prevalent in females >40 years of age (60.4%). The prevalence increased with increasing age more among patients >50 years of age (49.3%) followed by age group 30-39 years (35%). Patients with outdoor jobs such as farmers, labourers had higher percentage of dry eye (50%) followed by office workers (22.1%). 70% of the dry eye patients had refractive error with or without history of spectacle use (p<0.00). It was more among the smokers than non-smokers. Patients having diabetes mellitus had higher prevalence of dry eye (29.3%) (p<0.00). TBUT showed high sensitivity and specificity while Schirmer’s test was highly specific, followed by other tests. Based on OSDI scores, most patients had moderate dry eye symptoms. During follow-up there was improvement in OSDI scores while no significant improvement in diagnostic test scores.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76042731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.100
Dr. Apurva H Suthar
Background and Aim: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) suspects are individuals with at least one of the following features in one or both eyes like suspicious cupping of optic disc/ visual field defect suspicious for glaucomatous damage/elevated intraocular pressure in the presence of normal optic disc, visual fields. Our objective is to correlate Central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure & Visual field changes in patients diagnosed as the POAG suspects. In order to accurately identify patients at risk of developing glaucoma so that treatment of high-risk individuals can be considered to prevent/delay the development of POAG. Material and Methods: It was a prospective comparative study conducted at tertiary care institute of Gujarat after taking ethical approval of the institutional ethical committee. The study included 300 eyes of 150 patients who attended the outpatient department over a period of 1 year. Slit lamp bio microscopy, ultrasound pachymetry was done to measure CCT and IOP was measured with Goldman applanation tonometer the visual field assessment was done with the octopus field analyzer. Results: The mean CCT was 521.12± 23.10 µm, 524.67±22.42 µm among females, males respectively. The mean uncorrected IOP (GAT) was 19.34 mm Hg and 20.01 mmHg on right, left sides respectively statistically significant (P≤0.05). Highest percentage of abnormal visual field changes was seen in eyes with low CCT (<510µm) (P≤0.05). Mean corrected IOP reading was 21.78 mmHg for the 23 patients with abnormal visual fields on right side and this was statistically significant at P≤0.05. Conclusion: Thinner corneal readings in population especially when presenting at younger age should alarm the ophthalmologist to evaluate the patient thoroughly for glaucoma and should be followed up for the progression of glaucoma. CCT is one factor that is necessary to adjust IOP to achieve a more accurate IOP and it allows monitoring for the risk of progression to be more precise.
{"title":"Association between central corneal thickness, intro ocular pressure and visual field changes in primary open angle glaucoma","authors":"Dr. Apurva H Suthar","doi":"10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/26638266.2021.v3.i2b.100","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aim: Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) suspects are individuals with at least one of the following features in one or both eyes like suspicious cupping of optic disc/ visual field defect suspicious for glaucomatous damage/elevated intraocular pressure in the presence of normal optic disc, visual fields. Our objective is to correlate Central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure & Visual field changes in patients diagnosed as the POAG suspects. In order to accurately identify patients at risk of developing glaucoma so that treatment of high-risk individuals can be considered to prevent/delay the development of POAG. Material and Methods: It was a prospective comparative study conducted at tertiary care institute of Gujarat after taking ethical approval of the institutional ethical committee. The study included 300 eyes of 150 patients who attended the outpatient department over a period of 1 year. Slit lamp bio microscopy, ultrasound pachymetry was done to measure CCT and IOP was measured with Goldman applanation tonometer the visual field assessment was done with the octopus field analyzer. Results: The mean CCT was 521.12± 23.10 µm, 524.67±22.42 µm among females, males respectively. The mean uncorrected IOP (GAT) was 19.34 mm Hg and 20.01 mmHg on right, left sides respectively statistically significant (P≤0.05). Highest percentage of abnormal visual field changes was seen in eyes with low CCT (<510µm) (P≤0.05). Mean corrected IOP reading was 21.78 mmHg for the 23 patients with abnormal visual fields on right side and this was statistically significant at P≤0.05. Conclusion: Thinner corneal readings in population especially when presenting at younger age should alarm the ophthalmologist to evaluate the patient thoroughly for glaucoma and should be followed up for the progression of glaucoma. CCT is one factor that is necessary to adjust IOP to achieve a more accurate IOP and it allows monitoring for the risk of progression to be more precise.","PeriodicalId":14021,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Ophthalmology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84141242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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