Lan Binh Nguyen Thi, Hieu Bui Chi, K. M. Le, Phuoc Trong Nguyen
The areca nut palm (Areca catechu L., Arecaceae family) is an economically important palm species in the World providing livelihood options to millions of farmers. The objectives of this study were to extract from areca nut to determine the The phenolic content (TPC) , The flavonoid content (TFC) and Anthocyanin content (TAC) content of 8 samples areca nut in the Mekong Delta .TPC of different sample differed significantly (p < 0.05). The TPC measured in areca nut was significantly higher ( 135.78-162.27 mg). There were significant differences in the flavonoid content in areca nut (p < 0.05). The Anthocyanin contents in areca nut were in the range of ( 23.55-35.55mg). The contents of TFC of different arecanut palm sites were significantly different (p < 0.05) The TFC measured was significantly higher (365.71–495.12mg) . The trend of flavonoid content of different sites was similar to that of total phenolic content .Alkaloid levels in 8 Areca Nut at difference sites analysis .The content associated Alkaloid in eight varieties with different genotypes such as Guvacine ,arecoline , Arecaidine and arecoline in hoblies in different districts of Mekong were compared. The DPPH radical-scavenging rate significantly varied in different sites (34.6 to 66.9% p < 0.05). According to the differences of functional substances among varieties, it can provide guidance for consumers and theoretical basis for the production of healthy food.
{"title":"Quality analysis of Areca catechu L varieties from Mekong delta, in VietNam","authors":"Lan Binh Nguyen Thi, Hieu Bui Chi, K. M. Le, Phuoc Trong Nguyen","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.82.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.82.16","url":null,"abstract":"The areca nut palm (Areca catechu L., Arecaceae family) is an economically important palm species in the World providing livelihood options to millions of farmers. The objectives of this study were to extract from areca nut to determine the The phenolic content (TPC) , The flavonoid content (TFC) and Anthocyanin content (TAC) content of 8 samples areca nut in the Mekong Delta .TPC of different sample differed significantly (p < 0.05). The TPC measured in areca nut was significantly higher ( 135.78-162.27 mg). There were significant differences in the flavonoid content in areca nut (p < 0.05). The Anthocyanin contents in areca nut were in the range of ( 23.55-35.55mg). The contents of TFC of different arecanut palm sites were significantly different (p < 0.05) The TFC measured was significantly higher (365.71–495.12mg) . The trend of flavonoid content of different sites was similar to that of total phenolic content .Alkaloid levels in 8 Areca Nut at difference sites analysis .The content associated Alkaloid in eight varieties with different genotypes such as Guvacine ,arecoline , Arecaidine and arecoline in hoblies in different districts of Mekong were compared. The DPPH radical-scavenging rate significantly varied in different sites (34.6 to 66.9% p < 0.05). According to the differences of functional substances among varieties, it can provide guidance for consumers and theoretical basis for the production of healthy food.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76570237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inhalable air pollution consists of a complex mixture of solid PM or liquid and gaseous components originating from a myriad of natural and anthropogenic sources that cause harmful to humans, animals or plants. From the environmental aspect, air pollutants include PM, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Ambient levels and composition often vary greatly depending on the emission sources and meteorological conditions. There are many hazardous air pollutants such as benzene, dioxin, asbestos and metals; however, the mass of PM is one of the most widely accepted indicators of air quality monitoring and regulation. Epidemiological and toxicological studies have identified an association between elevated levels of PM in the “respirable size fraction” and adverse health outcomes in the general population. For this reason, airborne PM has recently been listed as a potentially carcinogenic agent by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) because of its heterogeneity and variation of chemical composition over space and time.
{"title":"Health effects and toxicological outcomes of exposure to inhalable particulate matter from urban air pollution: A mini review","authors":"Ali Talib Arif","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.19","url":null,"abstract":"Inhalable air pollution consists of a complex mixture of solid PM or liquid and gaseous components originating from a myriad of natural and anthropogenic sources that cause harmful to humans, animals or plants. From the environmental aspect, air pollutants include PM, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. Ambient levels and composition often vary greatly depending on the emission sources and meteorological conditions. There are many hazardous air pollutants such as benzene, dioxin, asbestos and metals; however, the mass of PM is one of the most widely accepted indicators of air quality monitoring and regulation. Epidemiological and toxicological studies have identified an association between elevated levels of PM in the “respirable size fraction” and adverse health outcomes in the general population. For this reason, airborne PM has recently been listed as a potentially carcinogenic agent by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) because of its heterogeneity and variation of chemical composition over space and time.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135107707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tingjun Zhang, Ruei-Yuan Wang, Zhe Zhu Yun-Shang Wang
The rapid development of urbanization in China is not only reflected in the tight land area and rapid population growth but also causes changes in the local urban climate, such as the increasingly obvious urban heat island effect (UHIE). This study explores the impact of urban surface cover types on the urban thermal environment. Taking Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province as an example, based on Landsat-8 thermal infrared remote sensing (TIRS) data, the atmospheric correction method (also known as Radiation Transfer Equation, RTE) and spilt-window inversion algorithm are used to invert the land surface temperature (LST) of the study area and compare their accuracy. After applying ArcGIS to normalize the data, the standard deviation method was used to classify the LST and obtain the distribution map of surface temperature levels in the urban area. In addition, the urban heat island proportion index was used to evaluate the UHIE in the study area, and the distribution of UHIE intensity was obtained. Based on geographical and national data, a combination of mathematical and spatial statistics was used to establish a correlation between the proportion of underlying surface coverage and LST in three different types of water bodies: vegetation and impermeable water surfaces. The results of the effect of urban underlying surface layout on the thermal environment were obtained, and the overall thermal environment effect of the city was obtained.
{"title":"Analysis of Urban Thermal Environment Effect by TIRS and GIS: A Case Study of Zhuhai, Guangdong","authors":"Tingjun Zhang, Ruei-Yuan Wang, Zhe Zhu Yun-Shang Wang","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.14","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid development of urbanization in China is not only reflected in the tight land area and rapid population growth but also causes changes in the local urban climate, such as the increasingly obvious urban heat island effect (UHIE). This study explores the impact of urban surface cover types on the urban thermal environment. Taking Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province as an example, based on Landsat-8 thermal infrared remote sensing (TIRS) data, the atmospheric correction method (also known as Radiation Transfer Equation, RTE) and spilt-window inversion algorithm are used to invert the land surface temperature (LST) of the study area and compare their accuracy. After applying ArcGIS to normalize the data, the standard deviation method was used to classify the LST and obtain the distribution map of surface temperature levels in the urban area. In addition, the urban heat island proportion index was used to evaluate the UHIE in the study area, and the distribution of UHIE intensity was obtained. Based on geographical and national data, a combination of mathematical and spatial statistics was used to establish a correlation between the proportion of underlying surface coverage and LST in three different types of water bodies: vegetation and impermeable water surfaces. The results of the effect of urban underlying surface layout on the thermal environment were obtained, and the overall thermal environment effect of the city was obtained.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A field experiment was carried out in the Western Terai of Nepal, Buddhabhumi municipality of Kapilvastu district to screen out the best-performing cucumber variety among the five most cultivated exotic varieties; LHC-1395, LHC-Maria, Dynasty, NS-408, and Rehmat-1080 during February to July of 2019. The package of cultivation practiced in this study replicates that of the local farmers. The experimental setup was laid on Randomized Complete Block Design having five replications and five treatments in an area of the 750-meter square. The crop geometry was maintained at 25 cm×15 cm and the size of each plot was 1.4 m2. Data was collected on the morphological and yield parameters such as plant height/vine length, number of leaves, number of branches, days to flowering and fruit development, number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit yield per plant. The study revealed that the performance of Dynasty was best in terms of plant height with an average increase in height of 23.9 cm per week. LHC-1395 was demonstrated to be the variety with the highest increase in leaf number with an average of 2.08 leaves per week. Similarly, the highest number of branches was found to develop in NS-408 (3.2), the highest number of fruits per plant in LHC-1395 (11.36), the highest single fruit weight in LHC-Maria (208.44 grams), and the highest fruit yield per plant in LHC-1395 (2137.9 grams). Thus, the study concluded that LHC-1395 is a high-yielding variety suited for the study area.
{"title":"Performance of Exotic Cucumber Varieties under Local Cultivation Practices in Kapilvastu District of Nepal","authors":"Tikaram Dhakal, Bikash Khanal, Salina Maharjan","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.11","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out in the Western Terai of Nepal, Buddhabhumi municipality of Kapilvastu district to screen out the best-performing cucumber variety among the five most cultivated exotic varieties; LHC-1395, LHC-Maria, Dynasty, NS-408, and Rehmat-1080 during February to July of 2019. The package of cultivation practiced in this study replicates that of the local farmers. The experimental setup was laid on Randomized Complete Block Design having five replications and five treatments in an area of the 750-meter square. The crop geometry was maintained at 25 cm×15 cm and the size of each plot was 1.4 m2. Data was collected on the morphological and yield parameters such as plant height/vine length, number of leaves, number of branches, days to flowering and fruit development, number of fruits, fruit weight, and fruit yield per plant. The study revealed that the performance of Dynasty was best in terms of plant height with an average increase in height of 23.9 cm per week. LHC-1395 was demonstrated to be the variety with the highest increase in leaf number with an average of 2.08 leaves per week. Similarly, the highest number of branches was found to develop in NS-408 (3.2), the highest number of fruits per plant in LHC-1395 (11.36), the highest single fruit weight in LHC-Maria (208.44 grams), and the highest fruit yield per plant in LHC-1395 (2137.9 grams). Thus, the study concluded that LHC-1395 is a high-yielding variety suited for the study area.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agroforestry offers an opportunity to enhance the value of poor ferralitic savannah soils in the Republic of Congo. The aim of the study was to analyze farmers’ perceptions of agroforestry in the Bambou–Mingali artificial forest massif. A survey was conducted among 42 farmers who had signed an exploitation contract with the National Reforestation Service (SNR). The study revealed that most of the farmers involved in agroforestry on reforested state-owned plots were adults (83%) and had received education (100%). Agri-silviculture is practiced on these plots. The SNR is responsible for preparing the land for planting forest species (for example, Acacia, Eucalyptus, pines). Weeding was the only maintenance operation carried out by all farmers. Positive factors that may lead farmers to adopt agroforestry innovations in state reforested plots include free access to land, economies of scale in the establishment of food crops, and satisfaction with the yields obtained and income earned compared to savannah areas. Acacia was the most valued forest tree among farmers. Thus, the reforested plots are an opportunity to promote agroforestry for the benefit of smallholders.
{"title":"Farmers’ Perception of agroforestry in the Bambou–Mingali forest massif (Congo)","authors":"Gilles Freddy Mialoundama Bakouétila, Budeh Wickler Nzobadila Kindiela, François Mankessi, Ildevert Madel Mounkala Mabanza, Ségolen Lutterah Missengué Scherell","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.82.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.82.3","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry offers an opportunity to enhance the value of poor ferralitic savannah soils in the Republic of Congo. The aim of the study was to analyze farmers’ perceptions of agroforestry in the Bambou–Mingali artificial forest massif. A survey was conducted among 42 farmers who had signed an exploitation contract with the National Reforestation Service (SNR). The study revealed that most of the farmers involved in agroforestry on reforested state-owned plots were adults (83%) and had received education (100%). Agri-silviculture is practiced on these plots. The SNR is responsible for preparing the land for planting forest species (for example, Acacia, Eucalyptus, pines). Weeding was the only maintenance operation carried out by all farmers. Positive factors that may lead farmers to adopt agroforestry innovations in state reforested plots include free access to land, economies of scale in the establishment of food crops, and satisfaction with the yields obtained and income earned compared to savannah areas. Acacia was the most valued forest tree among farmers. Thus, the reforested plots are an opportunity to promote agroforestry for the benefit of smallholders.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77660942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mercy Cheruto Kebenei, M. Mucheru-Muna, F. Muriu-Ng’ang’a
Low and continuously deteriorating soil fertility coupled with frequent droughts and extended mid-season dry spells scenarios brought about by low and unreliable rainfalls have had a significant negative influence on agricultural productivity in most semi-arid regions of the world. The farmers' limited capacity to change their farming practices and adjust to the changing climatic circumstances further exacerbates these effects. Various in-field rainwater collection techniques, including Zai pits, have been promoted in recent years to assist farmers, particularly in dry and semi-arid locations, to harvest, store, and use rainfall for increased crop productivity. Zai pit is a form of dryland farming technique that involves the unitization of holes or troughs aimed at ensuring soil maintenance, soil erosion control and water preservation in agricultural fields. Additionally, combining effective soil fertility management strategies, such as integrated soil fertility management, with rainwater harvesting methods has the potential to further boost crop yields. Integrated soil fertility management involves the combined use of inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers such as cattle manure with the aim of improving soil fertility. Zai pit technology and integrated soil fertility management techniques have been utilized as climate smart agricultural approaches to reduce soil moisture stress and improve crop productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper reviews previous research results on crop productivity as influenced by Zai pit technology and integrated soil fertility management techniques.
{"title":"The potential of Zai pit technology and Integrated soil fertility management to enhance crop productivity in semi-arid regions of Sub-Sahara Africa: A review","authors":"Mercy Cheruto Kebenei, M. Mucheru-Muna, F. Muriu-Ng’ang’a","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.81.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.81.8","url":null,"abstract":"Low and continuously deteriorating soil fertility coupled with frequent droughts and extended mid-season dry spells scenarios brought about by low and unreliable rainfalls have had a significant negative influence on agricultural productivity in most semi-arid regions of the world. The farmers' limited capacity to change their farming practices and adjust to the changing climatic circumstances further exacerbates these effects. Various in-field rainwater collection techniques, including Zai pits, have been promoted in recent years to assist farmers, particularly in dry and semi-arid locations, to harvest, store, and use rainfall for increased crop productivity. Zai pit is a form of dryland farming technique that involves the unitization of holes or troughs aimed at ensuring soil maintenance, soil erosion control and water preservation in agricultural fields. Additionally, combining effective soil fertility management strategies, such as integrated soil fertility management, with rainwater harvesting methods has the potential to further boost crop yields. Integrated soil fertility management involves the combined use of inorganic fertilizers and organic fertilizers such as cattle manure with the aim of improving soil fertility. Zai pit technology and integrated soil fertility management techniques have been utilized as climate smart agricultural approaches to reduce soil moisture stress and improve crop productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. This paper reviews previous research results on crop productivity as influenced by Zai pit technology and integrated soil fertility management techniques.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88347235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaoyuan Cheng, Ruei-Yuan Wang, Haolong Liu, Yun-Shang Wang
This study uses Landsat-8 remote sensing images as the data source and selects four indicators that directly reflect the quality of the ecological environment, such as greenness (NDVI), wetness (WET), dryness (NDBSI), and heat (LST). Meanwhile, we use principal component analysis (PCA) to construct a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) model for exploring the changes in the ecological environment quality of Zhanjiang from 2013 to 2021. The results indicate that RSEI can better reflect the ecological environment of the region. The study area is mainly affected by dryness, followed by greenness and humidity, with heat having the smallest impact. The average RSEI values in Zhanjiang City in 2013 and 2021 were 0.5339 and 0.5576, respectively, indicating a slight improvement in overall ecological environment quality. Among them, NVDI showed an increasing trend, NDBSI and WET decreased, but LST increased.
{"title":"Assessment of Ecological Environment in Zhanjiang Based on RSEI and PCA","authors":"Xiaoyuan Cheng, Ruei-Yuan Wang, Haolong Liu, Yun-Shang Wang","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study uses Landsat-8 remote sensing images as the data source and selects four indicators that directly reflect the quality of the ecological environment, such as greenness (NDVI), wetness (WET), dryness (NDBSI), and heat (LST). Meanwhile, we use principal component analysis (PCA) to construct a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) model for exploring the changes in the ecological environment quality of Zhanjiang from 2013 to 2021. The results indicate that RSEI can better reflect the ecological environment of the region. The study area is mainly affected by dryness, followed by greenness and humidity, with heat having the smallest impact. The average RSEI values in Zhanjiang City in 2013 and 2021 were 0.5339 and 0.5576, respectively, indicating a slight improvement in overall ecological environment quality. Among them, NVDI showed an increasing trend, NDBSI and WET decreased, but LST increased.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Golam Rasul Miah, A. J. M. Sirajul Karim, Md. Moshiul Islam, Md. Dhin Islam, Mohammed Zia Uddin Kamal
Management of nutrient and water scarcity are very important for getting higher yield of tomato specially in winter season in Bangladesh. The application of different fertilizer and manures increase the availability of nutrients which to stimulate plant growth that lead to enhance stress tolerance. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to investigate how different nutrients management practices improves growth by reducing impacts of water stress. Tomato plants were grown in field condition and different growth parameters such as height, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were measured. Yield and yield attributes of tomato were also determined. Recommended fertilizers along with organic manures application improve the growth and yield of tomato plants. On the other hand, growth and yield of tomato was lowest for no fertilization and manures treatment. This study improves our understanding about how nutrient management in water stress increase the growth and yield of tomato plant.
{"title":"Effects of water stress and nutrient management on the performance of tomato","authors":"Md. Golam Rasul Miah, A. J. M. Sirajul Karim, Md. Moshiul Islam, Md. Dhin Islam, Mohammed Zia Uddin Kamal","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.86.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.86.1","url":null,"abstract":"Management of nutrient and water scarcity are very important for getting higher yield of tomato specially in winter season in Bangladesh. The application of different fertilizer and manures increase the availability of nutrients which to stimulate plant growth that lead to enhance stress tolerance. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to investigate how different nutrients management practices improves growth by reducing impacts of water stress. Tomato plants were grown in field condition and different growth parameters such as height, root dry weight and shoot dry weight were measured. Yield and yield attributes of tomato were also determined. Recommended fertilizers along with organic manures application improve the growth and yield of tomato plants. On the other hand, growth and yield of tomato was lowest for no fertilization and manures treatment. This study improves our understanding about how nutrient management in water stress increase the growth and yield of tomato plant.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135560803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Godwin A. Ebong, Helen S. Etuk, Idongesit B. Anweting, Anietie E. Ekot, Aniefiok E. Ite
Road transport is associated with the elevation of trace metals in the adjoining soils and vegetables and rate of metal accumulation on these media is directly related to the traffic density. This research investigated the association between traffic density, metal accumulation, pollution status, and human health problems in adjoining soils and vegetables within the southern Region of Nigeria. Top soils and vegetables (Vernonia amygdalina and Jatropha tanjorensis) were obtained from roadsides along roads with high traffic density namely: Abak, Aka, Ikot Ekpene, Nwanaiba, and Oron. Top soils and vegetables were also obtained from roadside along a road with low traffic density (Ekpri Nsukara) and used as the Controls. These samples and their Controls obtained within Uyo Metropolis using standard procedures were subjected to acceptable analytical treatments and determined the levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn using Spectroscopic methods. Results obtained revealed that, the mean concentrations of these metals in studied soils and vegetables were within their acceptable limits by FAO/WHO. However, higher mean concentrations of these metals were obtained in soils and vegetables from roads with high traffic density than in the Control. Higher mean levels of all the metals were recorded in J. tanjorensis than in V. amygdalina. The contamination factor of the metals in soil varied between moderate and very high contamination classes. The ecological risk factor of the metals ranged from low to the very high risk classes for the respective metals. Potential ecological risk factor revealed very high risks for the metals determined. Higher transfer factors were obtained for J. tanjorensis than V. amygdalina, though below one. Principal component analysis identified one key factor for the accumulation of these metals in the studied soils and vegetables. The metals were within their oral reference doses but, Cd and Pb were above their recommended daily intake limit. The consumption of V. amygdalina and J. tanjorensis exposed the consumers to risks associated with high Cd and Pb, respectively though; the consumers of J. tanjorensis were generally more susceptible to more non-cancer risks. The potential cancer risks associated with the trace metals via the consumption of the studied vegetables varied between the low and moderate cancer risk classes. However, the target cancer risk values obtained for the metals were higher than the threshold risk limit for ILCR < 1 × 10−4 .by USEPA. The total cancer risk revealed that, Cd and Cu were the major carcinogens in the studied vegetables while, the consumers of V. amygdalina have a higher risk of developing cancer than J. Tanjorensis. The study has shown the relationship between road transport and traffic density on the accumulation of metals in soil and vegetables. Health risks associated with the exposure to metals via the consumption of the studied vegetables has also been exposed.
{"title":"Relationship between traffic density, metal accumulation, pollution status, and human health problems in adjoining soils and vegetables within the South-South Region of Nigeria","authors":"Godwin A. Ebong, Helen S. Etuk, Idongesit B. Anweting, Anietie E. Ekot, Aniefiok E. Ite","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.83.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.83.8","url":null,"abstract":"Road transport is associated with the elevation of trace metals in the adjoining soils and vegetables and rate of metal accumulation on these media is directly related to the traffic density. This research investigated the association between traffic density, metal accumulation, pollution status, and human health problems in adjoining soils and vegetables within the southern Region of Nigeria. Top soils and vegetables (Vernonia amygdalina and Jatropha tanjorensis) were obtained from roadsides along roads with high traffic density namely: Abak, Aka, Ikot Ekpene, Nwanaiba, and Oron. Top soils and vegetables were also obtained from roadside along a road with low traffic density (Ekpri Nsukara) and used as the Controls. These samples and their Controls obtained within Uyo Metropolis using standard procedures were subjected to acceptable analytical treatments and determined the levels of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn using Spectroscopic methods. Results obtained revealed that, the mean concentrations of these metals in studied soils and vegetables were within their acceptable limits by FAO/WHO. However, higher mean concentrations of these metals were obtained in soils and vegetables from roads with high traffic density than in the Control. Higher mean levels of all the metals were recorded in J. tanjorensis than in V. amygdalina. The contamination factor of the metals in soil varied between moderate and very high contamination classes. The ecological risk factor of the metals ranged from low to the very high risk classes for the respective metals. Potential ecological risk factor revealed very high risks for the metals determined. Higher transfer factors were obtained for J. tanjorensis than V. amygdalina, though below one. Principal component analysis identified one key factor for the accumulation of these metals in the studied soils and vegetables. The metals were within their oral reference doses but, Cd and Pb were above their recommended daily intake limit. The consumption of V. amygdalina and J. tanjorensis exposed the consumers to risks associated with high Cd and Pb, respectively though; the consumers of J. tanjorensis were generally more susceptible to more non-cancer risks. The potential cancer risks associated with the trace metals via the consumption of the studied vegetables varied between the low and moderate cancer risk classes. However, the target cancer risk values obtained for the metals were higher than the threshold risk limit for ILCR < 1 × 10−4 .by USEPA. The total cancer risk revealed that, Cd and Cu were the major carcinogens in the studied vegetables while, the consumers of V. amygdalina have a higher risk of developing cancer than J. Tanjorensis. The study has shown the relationship between road transport and traffic density on the accumulation of metals in soil and vegetables. Health risks associated with the exposure to metals via the consumption of the studied vegetables has also been exposed.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90846209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-25DOI: 10.30954/0974-1712.04.2022.9
Tresa Hamalton
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