Salman Khan, Asif Hussain, M. Hussain, Sahibzada Muhammad Aqeel, Samra Basharat, A. Hussain, Waleed Al-Ansi, Abdulqader M. Abdulqader, Nie Yao
The production of biofuels through biological processes has garnered increasing attention due to their potential benefits over conventional fuels, including lower greenhouse gas emissions, higher energy output, and reduced-price fluctuations. However, the metabolic processes of primitive microorganisms used in biofuel production are not compatible with those of fossil fuels. To address this, scholars have employed metabolic engineering techniques to modify the metabolisms of various microorganisms, including S. cerevisiae, for enhanced biofuel production. Specifically, overexpression of enzymes involved in bioethanol and biobutanol production, knockouts of competing pathways, improvements in carbon flux and tolerance have been applied to maximize the potential of S. cerevisiae for bioethanol and biobutanol production. This review focuses on the current state of metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae for the production of bioethanol from lignocellulose and biobutanol from all kind of substrates, along with the potential use of cell surface technology in this field.
{"title":"Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for ethanol and butanol biofuel production","authors":"Salman Khan, Asif Hussain, M. Hussain, Sahibzada Muhammad Aqeel, Samra Basharat, A. Hussain, Waleed Al-Ansi, Abdulqader M. Abdulqader, Nie Yao","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.82.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.82.5","url":null,"abstract":"The production of biofuels through biological processes has garnered increasing attention due to their potential benefits over conventional fuels, including lower greenhouse gas emissions, higher energy output, and reduced-price fluctuations. However, the metabolic processes of primitive microorganisms used in biofuel production are not compatible with those of fossil fuels. To address this, scholars have employed metabolic engineering techniques to modify the metabolisms of various microorganisms, including S. cerevisiae, for enhanced biofuel production. Specifically, overexpression of enzymes involved in bioethanol and biobutanol production, knockouts of competing pathways, improvements in carbon flux and tolerance have been applied to maximize the potential of S. cerevisiae for bioethanol and biobutanol production. This review focuses on the current state of metabolic engineering of S. cerevisiae for the production of bioethanol from lignocellulose and biobutanol from all kind of substrates, along with the potential use of cell surface technology in this field.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80012256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hevea brasiliensis is an important economic crop which produces natural rubber. Supplemental LED night lighting improves its growth, however the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. The study analyzed the transcriptome of H. brasiliensis plants under the treatment of LED night lighting. The light treatment resulted in 1047 and 411 differentially expression genes (DEGs) during the day and night time, respectively. Functional group analysis showed that DEGs in the day time enriched into 185 metabolic pathways and that DEGs in the night time enriched into 116 metabolic pathways. A total of 92 DEGs were identified between night lighting and control plants. These DEGs were involved in regulation of pigment metabolism, photosynthesis, circadian rhythm, and carbohydrate metabolism. The genes associated with circadian rhythm were altered during the day and night time. The gene involved in carbohydrate metabolic process was upregulated and the related KEGG pathways associated carbohydrate metabolism were upregulated. These results concluded that supplemental LED night lighting improve growth of hevea plants by upregulating genes associated with photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, so as to synthesize more carbohydrates.
{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis of Hevea brasiliensis seedlings under supplemental LED night lighting","authors":"Xingcheng Yao, Hanqi Tu, Xinlong Wang, Jun Wang","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.84.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.84.1","url":null,"abstract":"Hevea brasiliensis is an important economic crop which produces natural rubber. Supplemental LED night lighting improves its growth, however the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. The study analyzed the transcriptome of H. brasiliensis plants under the treatment of LED night lighting. The light treatment resulted in 1047 and 411 differentially expression genes (DEGs) during the day and night time, respectively. Functional group analysis showed that DEGs in the day time enriched into 185 metabolic pathways and that DEGs in the night time enriched into 116 metabolic pathways. A total of 92 DEGs were identified between night lighting and control plants. These DEGs were involved in regulation of pigment metabolism, photosynthesis, circadian rhythm, and carbohydrate metabolism. The genes associated with circadian rhythm were altered during the day and night time. The gene involved in carbohydrate metabolic process was upregulated and the related KEGG pathways associated carbohydrate metabolism were upregulated. These results concluded that supplemental LED night lighting improve growth of hevea plants by upregulating genes associated with photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism, so as to synthesize more carbohydrates.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88757433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The overexploitation of agricultural soils as a result of the increased need for food by local populations is leading to serious dysfunctions in land restoration. These dysfunctions, aggravated by climate change, require the implementation of ecological engineering strategies to rehabilitate the soil. The soils of the South Cameroonian plateau suffer significant degradation in terms of loss of fertilizing elements due to extensive agricultural practices, which limits agricultural production. This work showed how tree legumes contribute to improving the yield of yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis) in the South Cameroonian plateau, to ultimately support the production of agroecosystems in this environment. Within the framework of this study, an experimental set-up was designed to measure the performance of tree legumes in the field. The experimental set-up is a randomized complete block trial with three treatments and three replications on 3000 m2. The control plot without shrubs, the plot with Calliandra, and the plot with Senna. This trial was carried out in the district of Mbankomo, Mefou, and Akono Department, Central Region. After monitoring the experiment, it was found that Senna spectabilis produced more nutrients than Calliandra calothyrsus. Thus, each Senna shrub produced 1.54 kg of litter in the first year and 2.04 kg in the second year for a quantity of nitrogen of 192.76 kg/ha and 260 kg/ha respectively in the first and second year. Each Calliandra shrub produced 1.46 kg and 1.87 kg of litter for a nutrient amount of 183 kg/ha and 236.81 kg/ha of nitrogen during the two years of the experiment. The combination of tree legumes and field crops increased yam yields by a factor of 2 or 3 compared to traditional agriculture. The growth rate of the yam is accelerated as well as its vegetative cycle, which is reduced from 7.5 months to 6 months as a result of the increase in soil organic matter through the shrub legume litter. Agroforestry practices could have a positive impact on soil characteristics and microbial communities, resulting in enhanced soil fertility and long-term sustainability of agricultural production. According to the results obtained, the insertion of tree legumes in agrosystems is a more efficient and less costly way to gradually and sustainably increase nitrogen availability and soil fertility.
{"title":"Contribution of Tree Legumes in the Production Dynamics of Yellow Yam (Dioscorea cayenensis Lam) in the South Cameroon Plateau","authors":"Guy Aurélien Nganso Djakou","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.82.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.82.10","url":null,"abstract":"The overexploitation of agricultural soils as a result of the increased need for food by local populations is leading to serious dysfunctions in land restoration. These dysfunctions, aggravated by climate change, require the implementation of ecological engineering strategies to rehabilitate the soil. The soils of the South Cameroonian plateau suffer significant degradation in terms of loss of fertilizing elements due to extensive agricultural practices, which limits agricultural production. This work showed how tree legumes contribute to improving the yield of yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis) in the South Cameroonian plateau, to ultimately support the production of agroecosystems in this environment. Within the framework of this study, an experimental set-up was designed to measure the performance of tree legumes in the field. The experimental set-up is a randomized complete block trial with three treatments and three replications on 3000 m2. The control plot without shrubs, the plot with Calliandra, and the plot with Senna. This trial was carried out in the district of Mbankomo, Mefou, and Akono Department, Central Region. After monitoring the experiment, it was found that Senna spectabilis produced more nutrients than Calliandra calothyrsus. Thus, each Senna shrub produced 1.54 kg of litter in the first year and 2.04 kg in the second year for a quantity of nitrogen of 192.76 kg/ha and 260 kg/ha respectively in the first and second year. Each Calliandra shrub produced 1.46 kg and 1.87 kg of litter for a nutrient amount of 183 kg/ha and 236.81 kg/ha of nitrogen during the two years of the experiment. The combination of tree legumes and field crops increased yam yields by a factor of 2 or 3 compared to traditional agriculture. The growth rate of the yam is accelerated as well as its vegetative cycle, which is reduced from 7.5 months to 6 months as a result of the increase in soil organic matter through the shrub legume litter. Agroforestry practices could have a positive impact on soil characteristics and microbial communities, resulting in enhanced soil fertility and long-term sustainability of agricultural production. According to the results obtained, the insertion of tree legumes in agrosystems is a more efficient and less costly way to gradually and sustainably increase nitrogen availability and soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84753542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Wicaksono, Paramyta Nila Permanasari, Akbar Saitama
East Java region is known for its good land potential for agriculture. One area that has a large enough agricultural land is Malang Regency. This feasibility study in the long run can become the foundation for establishing oil palm plantations and also a palm oil processing industry in the region. Thus, a feasibility study of various important aspects is carried out for the sustainability and sustainability of the development of the oil palm plantation industry in Malang. The purpose of this study is to see how land and environmental conditions suitability and to study and map the suitability of oil palm land in Malang Regency. The study was carried out in October - December 2021 in the southern Malang region and the southern Blitar location as a comparison area and industrial survey to find out data on oil quality in the southern region of Malang Regency and Blitar. Studies use survey methods to describe situations and events with the aim of solving problems in a systematic, fluctuating and accurate manner regarding the facts and characteristics of a particular population or area. Land suitability variables are in the form of geographic data, such as slopes and determination of points; macro climate data and micro climate data, such as radiation intensity, RH, temperature, flood potential and soil data including physical properties, such as soil texture, structure and depth; biological properties, such as c-organic content, litter thickness and presence of earthworms and chemical properties, such as analysis of N, P and K content, pH and base saturation and soil CEC. Based on a comparison of soil analysis data in the areas of Malang, Sumatra and Kalimantan, it can be said that the land suitability of Malang Regency is in accordance with the needs of oil palm plants based on land suitability.
{"title":"Analysis the Potential of Malang Regency as a Center for Oil Palm Plantations in East Java","authors":"K. Wicaksono, Paramyta Nila Permanasari, Akbar Saitama","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.84.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.84.17","url":null,"abstract":"East Java region is known for its good land potential for agriculture. One area that has a large enough agricultural land is Malang Regency. This feasibility study in the long run can become the foundation for establishing oil palm plantations and also a palm oil processing industry in the region. Thus, a feasibility study of various important aspects is carried out for the sustainability and sustainability of the development of the oil palm plantation industry in Malang. The purpose of this study is to see how land and environmental conditions suitability and to study and map the suitability of oil palm land in Malang Regency. The study was carried out in October - December 2021 in the southern Malang region and the southern Blitar location as a comparison area and industrial survey to find out data on oil quality in the southern region of Malang Regency and Blitar. Studies use survey methods to describe situations and events with the aim of solving problems in a systematic, fluctuating and accurate manner regarding the facts and characteristics of a particular population or area. Land suitability variables are in the form of geographic data, such as slopes and determination of points; macro climate data and micro climate data, such as radiation intensity, RH, temperature, flood potential and soil data including physical properties, such as soil texture, structure and depth; biological properties, such as c-organic content, litter thickness and presence of earthworms and chemical properties, such as analysis of N, P and K content, pH and base saturation and soil CEC. Based on a comparison of soil analysis data in the areas of Malang, Sumatra and Kalimantan, it can be said that the land suitability of Malang Regency is in accordance with the needs of oil palm plants based on land suitability.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91262287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study on air pollution in Bamako carried out in 2019, aims to characterize the different sources of emissions, model the health impact of ambient air quality for the different scenarios, the proposal of an action plan to limit emissions, and the simulation of the evolution of emissions and ambient air quality by 2015 and 2020 with and without an action plan. The results of the two air quality measurement campaigns show concentration levels lower or substantially equal between those of July 2019 and those of the 2009 data. The PM10 concentration recorded indicates a significant excess area compared to the values concentration guides set by the WHO. Analysis of the evaluation of emissions and their health impact by 2015 and 2020 shows that pollution by volatile organic compounds and dust will become unacceptable if nothing is done. The number of cancers linked to benzene will increase to 686 cases and the increase in mortality due to dust to an average figure of 38.7%.
{"title":"Air pollution in Bamako: Modeling, Pollution-Population Index","authors":"Yacouba Maiga, Bankoro Bagayoko, Hady Diallo, Boubacar Kola Touré, Sékou Sako, Ousmane Coulibaly, Ibrahima Yattara, Mohamed Maiga","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study on air pollution in Bamako carried out in 2019, aims to characterize the different sources of emissions, model the health impact of ambient air quality for the different scenarios, the proposal of an action plan to limit emissions, and the simulation of the evolution of emissions and ambient air quality by 2015 and 2020 with and without an action plan. The results of the two air quality measurement campaigns show concentration levels lower or substantially equal between those of July 2019 and those of the 2009 data. The PM10 concentration recorded indicates a significant excess area compared to the values concentration guides set by the WHO. Analysis of the evaluation of emissions and their health impact by 2015 and 2020 shows that pollution by volatile organic compounds and dust will become unacceptable if nothing is done. The number of cancers linked to benzene will increase to 686 cases and the increase in mortality due to dust to an average figure of 38.7%.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135595711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paramyta Nila Permanasari, Anna Satyana Karyawati, Akbar Saitama, Karuniawan Puji Wicaksono
Malang Regency has superior avocado commodity which is so-called Pameling. Superiorities of the fruit are indicated by the large size of the fruit and quality of the fruit flesh which is liked by the consumers. Today, the development of Pameling avocado has expanded from the lowlands to the highlands in diverse regions. In order to obtain optimal harvest yields, both quantity and quality, the research affirmed the quality of Pameling avocado, which is grown at the lowlands and the highlands. The research was conducted by testing quality (nutritional content) and organoleptic. Results of the research showed that the avocados grown at the highlands were more preferred by the panelists based on the organoleptic test from the assessment aspects of appearance, texture, aroma, and taste. The lowlands produced preference of the color flesh which is mostly preferred by the panelists. Results of the nutritional test (quality) on fruits grown at the lowlands showed the highest level of sugar and protein. The middle plains are superior in fat content. Moreover, the highlands produce fruits with the highest coarse fibers. However, the differences in cultivation methods on three different altitudes will be the subject of further studies that need to be considered.
{"title":"Assessment of the Nutritional Content and Hedonic Test on Pameling Avocado from Three Different Altitudes","authors":"Paramyta Nila Permanasari, Anna Satyana Karyawati, Akbar Saitama, Karuniawan Puji Wicaksono","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.6","url":null,"abstract":"Malang Regency has superior avocado commodity which is so-called Pameling. Superiorities of the fruit are indicated by the large size of the fruit and quality of the fruit flesh which is liked by the consumers. Today, the development of Pameling avocado has expanded from the lowlands to the highlands in diverse regions. In order to obtain optimal harvest yields, both quantity and quality, the research affirmed the quality of Pameling avocado, which is grown at the lowlands and the highlands. The research was conducted by testing quality (nutritional content) and organoleptic. Results of the research showed that the avocados grown at the highlands were more preferred by the panelists based on the organoleptic test from the assessment aspects of appearance, texture, aroma, and taste. The lowlands produced preference of the color flesh which is mostly preferred by the panelists. Results of the nutritional test (quality) on fruits grown at the lowlands showed the highest level of sugar and protein. The middle plains are superior in fat content. Moreover, the highlands produce fruits with the highest coarse fibers. However, the differences in cultivation methods on three different altitudes will be the subject of further studies that need to be considered.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135649044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imoukhuede Oladunni Bimpe, Fasinmirin Johnson Toyin, Olayanju Gbenga Moses
This study investigated the growth and yield response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in bituminous soils of selected communities (Loda, Lofo and Legbogbo) in Irele, southern Ondo State for two consecutive growing seasons (2020 and 2021). The Legbogbo site, which of very low bitumen, serves as the control. The textural class is sandy loam and the soil is acidic. Some samples of soil were collected from three dug soil profile pit at depths 0-100 cm at an interval of 10 cm and moved to the soil laboratory for the analysis of the chemical concentrations of macro and trace elements. The highest value of the heavy metal was recorded at Loda. More so, the least amount of the bitumen concentration was recorded at Legbogbo site (control) and in some cases at Lofo site. Result from the study showed that there is significant difference (P < 0.05) in the values of the heavy metals among the location at all depths. The results from various locations also showed that the soil depth and location were significant (P < 0.05) in their main effects on the soil heavy metals. It was observed that the heavy metal concentration of soil was lower than the permissible limit, an indication that the concentration of heavy metals of the study areas may not have negatively influenced the growth and yield of okra. All agronomic parameters in all locations during the two seasons of experiment were in the way of Legbogbo>Lofo>Loda. Okra had 0 kg.ha-1 pod yield at the Loda site at both 2020 and 2021 growing seasons, while Legbogbo had the greatest fruit yield for both seasons. Okra yield prediction model was developed using the stepwise regression model and it was observed that Okra yield significantly correlated to potassium (r2 = 0.95) at P < 0.05 and phosphorus (r2 = 0.99) (P < 0.01).
{"title":"Yield Modeling of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. moench) in Bituminous Soils of Southern Ondo State, Nigeria","authors":"Imoukhuede Oladunni Bimpe, Fasinmirin Johnson Toyin, Olayanju Gbenga Moses","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.13","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the growth and yield response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in bituminous soils of selected communities (Loda, Lofo and Legbogbo) in Irele, southern Ondo State for two consecutive growing seasons (2020 and 2021). The Legbogbo site, which of very low bitumen, serves as the control. The textural class is sandy loam and the soil is acidic. Some samples of soil were collected from three dug soil profile pit at depths 0-100 cm at an interval of 10 cm and moved to the soil laboratory for the analysis of the chemical concentrations of macro and trace elements. The highest value of the heavy metal was recorded at Loda. More so, the least amount of the bitumen concentration was recorded at Legbogbo site (control) and in some cases at Lofo site. Result from the study showed that there is significant difference (P < 0.05) in the values of the heavy metals among the location at all depths. The results from various locations also showed that the soil depth and location were significant (P < 0.05) in their main effects on the soil heavy metals. It was observed that the heavy metal concentration of soil was lower than the permissible limit, an indication that the concentration of heavy metals of the study areas may not have negatively influenced the growth and yield of okra. All agronomic parameters in all locations during the two seasons of experiment were in the way of Legbogbo>Lofo>Loda. Okra had 0 kg.ha-1 pod yield at the Loda site at both 2020 and 2021 growing seasons, while Legbogbo had the greatest fruit yield for both seasons. Okra yield prediction model was developed using the stepwise regression model and it was observed that Okra yield significantly correlated to potassium (r2 = 0.95) at P < 0.05 and phosphorus (r2 = 0.99) (P < 0.01).","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136257029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karuniawan Puji Wicaksono, Paramyta Nila Permanasari, Akbar Saitama
Blitar Regency has a wholesale market managed by the Wlingi Market Association, but some horticultural products from the farmers are still absorbed by the wholesale market outside Blitar Regency and reabsorbed by the retailers from Blitar Regency. Objectives of the research were to obtain information about the superior products, supply chain, and the inhibiting factors on the development of the horticultural products. Method of the research used descriptive analysis on each member of the links. Location of the research is the wholesale market in Blitar Regency, Wlingi. Variables of the research include types, volumes, and circulation of the horticultural products. Results of the research showed 3 major horticultural commodities that include chili, red pepper, and watermelon. The potential agricultural products in Blitar Regency have inefficient and complex supply chain because they involve many actors from farmers to consumers. The inhibiting factors are as follow: 1. The farmers do not have a collective system for marketing their crops so that information about the products as well as the prices are not integrated, 2. The supply chain patterns are inefficient and complex, so that the prices are costly, and 3. Inadequate location of the wholesale market. It is expected that the approach of supply chain on horticultural commodities in Blitar Regency will provide an overview of potential commodity supply availability as a consideration for supply chain management.
{"title":"Analysis of the Potential Horticultural Products in Blitar Regency on the Agribusiness Market in Blitar Regency","authors":"Karuniawan Puji Wicaksono, Paramyta Nila Permanasari, Akbar Saitama","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.7","url":null,"abstract":"Blitar Regency has a wholesale market managed by the Wlingi Market Association, but some horticultural products from the farmers are still absorbed by the wholesale market outside Blitar Regency and reabsorbed by the retailers from Blitar Regency. Objectives of the research were to obtain information about the superior products, supply chain, and the inhibiting factors on the development of the horticultural products. Method of the research used descriptive analysis on each member of the links. Location of the research is the wholesale market in Blitar Regency, Wlingi. Variables of the research include types, volumes, and circulation of the horticultural products. Results of the research showed 3 major horticultural commodities that include chili, red pepper, and watermelon. The potential agricultural products in Blitar Regency have inefficient and complex supply chain because they involve many actors from farmers to consumers. The inhibiting factors are as follow: 1. The farmers do not have a collective system for marketing their crops so that information about the products as well as the prices are not integrated, 2. The supply chain patterns are inefficient and complex, so that the prices are costly, and 3. Inadequate location of the wholesale market. It is expected that the approach of supply chain on horticultural commodities in Blitar Regency will provide an overview of potential commodity supply availability as a consideration for supply chain management.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135843381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamadou Adamou, M. Maiga, O. Cissé, J. Sagara, Yaya Ouattara
In Bamako, the flow of household waste and its typology are little known. In order to set up a sustainable management system for the city's garbage, it is nevertheless important to know the quantities, natures and dimensions of the objects that make up the garbage. This study, which began in 2017, consisted of characterizing the garbage collected at the household level in Bamako using the MODECOM method modified to adapt it to the Malian context. The objective of this study was to propose a method intended to obtain solid results on the characteristics of household waste produced in Bamako in order to build adapted collection and recovery strategies. The results, obtained from a sample of 270 households in the 6 communes of Bamako and 3 neighborhoods of different socio-economic levels per commune, showed that the average ratio of household waste produced in Bamako is about 0.28 Kg per inhabitant per day. The category of fines is the most important, with an average daily production of 2.45 kg for a household with an average of 20.5 inhabitants. Putrescibles come in second place. Their production represents 41% of the average amount of garbage generated in a high standard household. It represents the main biodegradable category of garbage. Fines, which are mostly sand, charcoal and ash, accounted for 37 percent of the waste generated by households of the same type. The particle size sorting, which can help to choose suitable industrial sorting tools, shows that the fraction of medium-sized garbage is the most abundant. The data from the characterization of garbage would allow the development of all forms of garbage management strategies, especially for its collection and recovery.
{"title":"Experimental study of the characterization of household waste in Bamako, Mali","authors":"Mohamadou Adamou, M. Maiga, O. Cissé, J. Sagara, Yaya Ouattara","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.82.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.82.17","url":null,"abstract":"In Bamako, the flow of household waste and its typology are little known. In order to set up a sustainable management system for the city's garbage, it is nevertheless important to know the quantities, natures and dimensions of the objects that make up the garbage. This study, which began in 2017, consisted of characterizing the garbage collected at the household level in Bamako using the MODECOM method modified to adapt it to the Malian context. The objective of this study was to propose a method intended to obtain solid results on the characteristics of household waste produced in Bamako in order to build adapted collection and recovery strategies. The results, obtained from a sample of 270 households in the 6 communes of Bamako and 3 neighborhoods of different socio-economic levels per commune, showed that the average ratio of household waste produced in Bamako is about 0.28 Kg per inhabitant per day. The category of fines is the most important, with an average daily production of 2.45 kg for a household with an average of 20.5 inhabitants. Putrescibles come in second place. Their production represents 41% of the average amount of garbage generated in a high standard household. It represents the main biodegradable category of garbage. Fines, which are mostly sand, charcoal and ash, accounted for 37 percent of the waste generated by households of the same type. The particle size sorting, which can help to choose suitable industrial sorting tools, shows that the fraction of medium-sized garbage is the most abundant. The data from the characterization of garbage would allow the development of all forms of garbage management strategies, especially for its collection and recovery.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87336818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dibyak Kapali, Elisha Shakya, D. Pradhan, Elina Sigdel, Jyotin Shah, S. Thapaliya
The study aims to isolate and identify bacteria and fungi (mold) present in solid waste and its associated bioaerosol in the Kathmandu city. A total of 10 samples; 5 different solid waste samples and 5 different bioaerosol samples, collected from 5 open dumping sites in the Kathmandu city, were transported to the microbiology laboratory of St. Xavier’s College for processing. Standard microbiological procedures were followed for the identification of isolates. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates following CLSI 2020 standards. In the collected solid waste samples, the bacterial colony count ranged from 1.27 × 108 to 2.8 × 108 CFU/ml, whereas the fungi colony count ranged from 1 × 105 to 4 × 105 CFU/ml. Bacterial colony counts from bioaerosol samples ranged from 116 to >300 CFU/90mm/15 minutes, whereas fungi colony counts were between 2 and 6 CFU/90mm/15 minutes. Out of 48 bacteria and 34 molds identified, Bacillus spp. (27%) and Aspergillus niger (29%) were found to be predominant than other isolates. Citrobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli isolated from solid waste samples of dump site S3 showed maximum resistance to the different antibiotics used. The common microbial isolates from solid waste samples and bioaerosol samples included 7 different bacteria and 4 different molds. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pathogenic fungi in waste dump sites pose public health-related risks.
{"title":"Microbial Assessment of Solid Waste and Bioaerosol Associated with Open Dumping Sites of the Kathmandu City, Nepal","authors":"Dibyak Kapali, Elisha Shakya, D. Pradhan, Elina Sigdel, Jyotin Shah, S. Thapaliya","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.83.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.83.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to isolate and identify bacteria and fungi (mold) present in solid waste and its associated bioaerosol in the Kathmandu city. A total of 10 samples; 5 different solid waste samples and 5 different bioaerosol samples, collected from 5 open dumping sites in the Kathmandu city, were transported to the microbiology laboratory of St. Xavier’s College for processing. Standard microbiological procedures were followed for the identification of isolates. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial isolates following CLSI 2020 standards. In the collected solid waste samples, the bacterial colony count ranged from 1.27 × 108 to 2.8 × 108 CFU/ml, whereas the fungi colony count ranged from 1 × 105 to 4 × 105 CFU/ml. Bacterial colony counts from bioaerosol samples ranged from 116 to >300 CFU/90mm/15 minutes, whereas fungi colony counts were between 2 and 6 CFU/90mm/15 minutes. Out of 48 bacteria and 34 molds identified, Bacillus spp. (27%) and Aspergillus niger (29%) were found to be predominant than other isolates. Citrobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Escherichia coli isolated from solid waste samples of dump site S3 showed maximum resistance to the different antibiotics used. The common microbial isolates from solid waste samples and bioaerosol samples included 7 different bacteria and 4 different molds. The presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and pathogenic fungi in waste dump sites pose public health-related risks.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82063546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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