Bartels Benjamin, Hussein Amina, Victor Patrick Yao Gadzekpo
Background and objectives: In recent times, the Ghanaian media space has news of the proliferation of fake eggs in the market especially in the capital, Accra. The Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) of Ghana, the agency responsible for regulating wholesomeness of food has refuted this assertion after thorough investigations. The issue could affect the contribution of poultry to the economy. The aim of the study therefore is to determine the authenticity of eggs sold in the Ablekuma central sub-metro in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. The results shall contribute to the baseline data on eggs, and to restore consumer confidence in eggs sold in Ghana. Methods: The spectral bands of the shells, albumen and yolk of the egg samples were determined using FTIR analysis, and knowledge about fake eggs through survey. Results: The spectra of the shells, albumin and yolk of the samples corresponded to the standard spectra of authentic egg. The survey revealed lack of knowledge about fake eggs. Conclusion: In spite of the lack of knowledge about fake eggs, the eggs were authentic. This confirms the assertion of FDA of Ghana.
{"title":"Fake Eggs on the Ghanaian Market: An Emperical Evidence - Shukura Market, Greater Accra Region, Ghana","authors":"Bartels Benjamin, Hussein Amina, Victor Patrick Yao Gadzekpo","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: In recent times, the Ghanaian media space has news of the proliferation of fake eggs in the market especially in the capital, Accra. The Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) of Ghana, the agency responsible for regulating wholesomeness of food has refuted this assertion after thorough investigations. The issue could affect the contribution of poultry to the economy. The aim of the study therefore is to determine the authenticity of eggs sold in the Ablekuma central sub-metro in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. The results shall contribute to the baseline data on eggs, and to restore consumer confidence in eggs sold in Ghana. Methods: The spectral bands of the shells, albumen and yolk of the egg samples were determined using FTIR analysis, and knowledge about fake eggs through survey. Results: The spectra of the shells, albumin and yolk of the samples corresponded to the standard spectra of authentic egg. The survey revealed lack of knowledge about fake eggs. Conclusion: In spite of the lack of knowledge about fake eggs, the eggs were authentic. This confirms the assertion of FDA of Ghana.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135910146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to investigate the influence of maize cluster development interventions on the performance of actors in Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed at identifying types of interventions employed by actors of maize clusters, the influence of intervention on the performance of actors, and the challenges facing actors of maize clusters in the study area. Descriptive analysis, linear regression analysis, and word clouds analysis were used to analyze the findings. Results show the common types of interventions employed by actors of maize clusters are; proper seed spacing, capacity building, control of aflatoxin, and marketing. Upon linear regression results show, that technological support, networking, and marketing were reported as interventions of high influences on actors of maize clusters with p-values of (0.01, 0.02, and 0.02) respectively. However, the key challenges reported to face actors of maize clusters in the study area were: lack of funds to buy agricultural inputs, limited access to financial resources, lack of transparency among cluster leaders, shortage of market, lack of coordination among respective research institutions and poor communication among actors. Regardless of different interventions to support actors of the maize cluster still challenges exist and some of them are part of the employed interventions. Thus different transformative participatory strategies are required to be vested among actors of maize clusters in Morogoro regions and other areas of the country for proper performance of the maize cluster and economic development of the country.
{"title":"The Influence of Maize Cluster Development Interventions on the Performance of Actors in Morogoro Region, Tanzania","authors":"Venance E. Kalumanga, Fintan J. Mahimbo","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.10","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the influence of maize cluster development interventions on the performance of actors in Tanzania. Specifically, the study aimed at identifying types of interventions employed by actors of maize clusters, the influence of intervention on the performance of actors, and the challenges facing actors of maize clusters in the study area. Descriptive analysis, linear regression analysis, and word clouds analysis were used to analyze the findings. Results show the common types of interventions employed by actors of maize clusters are; proper seed spacing, capacity building, control of aflatoxin, and marketing. Upon linear regression results show, that technological support, networking, and marketing were reported as interventions of high influences on actors of maize clusters with p-values of (0.01, 0.02, and 0.02) respectively. However, the key challenges reported to face actors of maize clusters in the study area were: lack of funds to buy agricultural inputs, limited access to financial resources, lack of transparency among cluster leaders, shortage of market, lack of coordination among respective research institutions and poor communication among actors. Regardless of different interventions to support actors of the maize cluster still challenges exist and some of them are part of the employed interventions. Thus different transformative participatory strategies are required to be vested among actors of maize clusters in Morogoro regions and other areas of the country for proper performance of the maize cluster and economic development of the country.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135953972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bartels Benjamin, Apaah Brakye Kenneth, Gadzekpo Victor Patrick Yao
Background and objectives: The sea is polluted with heavy metals that accumulate in fishes. Consumption of these fishes pose health risk. The aim of this study is to respectiely assess the concentrations and health risks of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), tin (Sn), manganese (Mn), and mercury (Hg) in canned fish samples. Methods: The study focused on Mackerel, Sardine and Tuna. Mackerel brands are African Queen, Geisha, Ena Pa, and Milano; Sardine includes Titus, Festiva, Ohemaa, and Princess, while Tuna were Lele and Star Kist. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used. Results: The mean concentrations of lead and mercury in the Mackerel, Sardine and Tuna were respectively 0.142± 0.017, 0.122±0.034, 0.141±0.006 µg/g and 0.126± 0.017, 0.132± 0.012, 0.263± 0.006 µg/g below the recommended limits of 0.3 and 0.5 µg/g by EU Reg. No 1881/2006. The concentrations of zinc, iron, tin, and manganese were within the acceptable respective limits. A health risk assessment based on the criteria established by the US EPA revealed no significant health risks associated with the concentrations of the metals. Conclusion: The canned fish samples exhibited low levels of heavy metal contamination, indicating that the fish samples pose no significant health risks to consumers.
{"title":"Levels of Heavy Metals in Selected Canned Fish on Cape Coast Market, Central Region, Ghana","authors":"Bartels Benjamin, Apaah Brakye Kenneth, Gadzekpo Victor Patrick Yao","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.85.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.85.20","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives: The sea is polluted with heavy metals that accumulate in fishes. Consumption of these fishes pose health risk. The aim of this study is to respectiely assess the concentrations and health risks of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), tin (Sn), manganese (Mn), and mercury (Hg) in canned fish samples. Methods: The study focused on Mackerel, Sardine and Tuna. Mackerel brands are African Queen, Geisha, Ena Pa, and Milano; Sardine includes Titus, Festiva, Ohemaa, and Princess, while Tuna were Lele and Star Kist. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry was used. Results: The mean concentrations of lead and mercury in the Mackerel, Sardine and Tuna were respectively 0.142± 0.017, 0.122±0.034, 0.141±0.006 µg/g and 0.126± 0.017, 0.132± 0.012, 0.263± 0.006 µg/g below the recommended limits of 0.3 and 0.5 µg/g by EU Reg. No 1881/2006. The concentrations of zinc, iron, tin, and manganese were within the acceptable respective limits. A health risk assessment based on the criteria established by the US EPA revealed no significant health risks associated with the concentrations of the metals. Conclusion: The canned fish samples exhibited low levels of heavy metal contamination, indicating that the fish samples pose no significant health risks to consumers.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134882805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Riya Liuhartana Nasyiruddin, Waleed Al-Ansi, A. Mahdi, A. Noman, Elok Ilunanwati, G. Priyanto, B. Hamzah
The present study aimed to examine the best cooking time of Nile tilapia pepes processed by the microwave oven and to observe its chemical characteristics. The research was conducted in two stages. The treatment in the first stage was pepes cooking time which consists of four levels. The observed parameter was pepes sensory using multiple comparison tests. The experimental design to determine the chemical characteristics of pepes in the second stage was Completely Randomized Design with three levels namely raw, steamed, and microwave oven pepes in three replications. The observed parameters were moisture content, protein, amino acids, and free fatty acid levels. The result shows that the best cooking time of pepes with a microwave oven was five minutes. Analysis of variance showed that cooking affected the total selected essential amino acid and 14 kinds of amino acids content that were analyzed, namely aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, threonine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine content of pepes but not significantly affected on the moisture content, protein, glycine and free fatty acids content of pepes. The total selected essential amino acid and 14 kinds of amino acids content of raw pepes were significantly different to cooked pepes (microwave oven and steamed pepes), but the total selected essential amino acid and 14 kinds of amino acids content of microwave oven pepes were not significantly different to steamed pepes. The chemical characteristics of microwave oven pepes were 73.04% wb of moisture, 67.95% DB of protein, 28.48% DB of total selected essential amino acids, and 7.22% in oil of free fatty acids content.
{"title":"Determination of the best cooking time and the characteristics of Nile tilapia pepes (an Indonesian traditional fish product) processed by microwave oven","authors":"Riya Liuhartana Nasyiruddin, Waleed Al-Ansi, A. Mahdi, A. Noman, Elok Ilunanwati, G. Priyanto, B. Hamzah","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.81.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.81.3","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to examine the best cooking time of Nile tilapia pepes processed by the microwave oven and to observe its chemical characteristics. The research was conducted in two stages. The treatment in the first stage was pepes cooking time which consists of four levels. The observed parameter was pepes sensory using multiple comparison tests. The experimental design to determine the chemical characteristics of pepes in the second stage was Completely Randomized Design with three levels namely raw, steamed, and microwave oven pepes in three replications. The observed parameters were moisture content, protein, amino acids, and free fatty acid levels. The result shows that the best cooking time of pepes with a microwave oven was five minutes. Analysis of variance showed that cooking affected the total selected essential amino acid and 14 kinds of amino acids content that were analyzed, namely aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, threonine, arginine, alanine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine, and lysine content of pepes but not significantly affected on the moisture content, protein, glycine and free fatty acids content of pepes. The total selected essential amino acid and 14 kinds of amino acids content of raw pepes were significantly different to cooked pepes (microwave oven and steamed pepes), but the total selected essential amino acid and 14 kinds of amino acids content of microwave oven pepes were not significantly different to steamed pepes. The chemical characteristics of microwave oven pepes were 73.04% wb of moisture, 67.95% DB of protein, 28.48% DB of total selected essential amino acids, and 7.22% in oil of free fatty acids content.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85243967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jessica D. Astillo, Margie V. Avenido, Floramae M. Bantilan, Rezel Jay A. Laroda
The main thrust of this study was to determine the profile of Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream enhanced with Blue ternate in terms of ingredients and costing, tools and equipment, procedure, shelf life, nutritive value, sensory qualities and level of preferences in three different treatments in the aspect of appearance, taste, aroma, and texture. The study utilized experimental design with the aid of a descriptive questionnaire which determined the sensory preferences of the respondents towards the three treatments of the Ice cream in terms of appearance, taste, aroma, and texture. This study was conducted at Bohol Island State University in the six campuses with thirty (30) purposively selected participants who tasted and rated the Ice cream. To obtain the nutritive content samples were sent to the First Analytical Service and Technical Cooperative Laboratories for nutritional content and microbial analysis. After the data were retrieved, these were tabulated and interpreted using the Average Weighted Mean. The Friedman Test was used to obtain the difference in the participants’ sensory preferences for the three treatments. Findings revealed that the ingredients and tools in making the Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream enhanced with Blue ternate were minimal, less expensive, and available in the local market. The nutritive content of the Guso (Eucheuma sp.) is Iron, Sodium, Calcium, Fats, Calories, Dietary fiber, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D3 is within the range of recommended daily intake for Filipinos. Shelf life ranged from 2 to 3 months stored at the standard temperature of ice cream, which is 0°F (-18°C) or colder. All treatments of Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream enhanced with Blue ternate was liked by the participants in all four attributes. Generally, the result of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the respondents’ preferences for Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream enhanced with Blue ternate in terms of taste, and texture. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected. However, data reveals that there is no significant difference in the respondents' preference for Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream enhanced with Blue ternate in terms of appearance and aroma. Research findings showed that was a feasible nutritious Ice Cream safe for human consumption. Hence, a proposed technology guide is offered for the dissemination of the research output.
{"title":"Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream Enhanced with Blue ternate","authors":"Jessica D. Astillo, Margie V. Avenido, Floramae M. Bantilan, Rezel Jay A. Laroda","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.83.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.83.6","url":null,"abstract":"The main thrust of this study was to determine the profile of Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream enhanced with Blue ternate in terms of ingredients and costing, tools and equipment, procedure, shelf life, nutritive value, sensory qualities and level of preferences in three different treatments in the aspect of appearance, taste, aroma, and texture. The study utilized experimental design with the aid of a descriptive questionnaire which determined the sensory preferences of the respondents towards the three treatments of the Ice cream in terms of appearance, taste, aroma, and texture. This study was conducted at Bohol Island State University in the six campuses with thirty (30) purposively selected participants who tasted and rated the Ice cream. To obtain the nutritive content samples were sent to the First Analytical Service and Technical Cooperative Laboratories for nutritional content and microbial analysis. After the data were retrieved, these were tabulated and interpreted using the Average Weighted Mean. The Friedman Test was used to obtain the difference in the participants’ sensory preferences for the three treatments. Findings revealed that the ingredients and tools in making the Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream enhanced with Blue ternate were minimal, less expensive, and available in the local market. The nutritive content of the Guso (Eucheuma sp.) is Iron, Sodium, Calcium, Fats, Calories, Dietary fiber, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, and Vitamin D3 is within the range of recommended daily intake for Filipinos. Shelf life ranged from 2 to 3 months stored at the standard temperature of ice cream, which is 0°F (-18°C) or colder. All treatments of Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream enhanced with Blue ternate was liked by the participants in all four attributes. Generally, the result of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the respondents’ preferences for Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream enhanced with Blue ternate in terms of taste, and texture. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected. However, data reveals that there is no significant difference in the respondents' preference for Guso (Eucheuma sp.) Ice Cream enhanced with Blue ternate in terms of appearance and aroma. Research findings showed that was a feasible nutritious Ice Cream safe for human consumption. Hence, a proposed technology guide is offered for the dissemination of the research output.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84187159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marketing is said to be efficient if it is considered capable of distributing products from farmers to the crumb rubber industry at a reasonable cost and a fair distribution of the price paid by the crumb rubber industry. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the marketing efficiency of bokar. This research was conducted in the Rural Area of Batanghari Regency, with a sample size of 77 farmers. Sampling uses the sSimple Random Sampling method. The data analysis used is quantitative descriptive analysis. with the One Way Anova test. Bokar marketing in Batanghari Regency consists of three marketing channels, namely: (1) Farmers - Auction Market - Provincial Collector Traders (PPProv) - Factory (Crumb Rubber). (2) Farmers - Village Collector Traders (PPD) - Provincial Collector Traders (PPProv) - Factory (Crumb Rubber). (3) Farmers - Provincial Collector Traders (PPProv) - Factories (Crumb Rubber). Based on the efficiency indicators of bokar marketing through marketing margin, farmer's share and profit ratio and marketing cost of bokar marketing channel I is more efficient than channels II and III. Based on the results of the One Way Anova test, the farmer's share received by bokar farmers in marketing channel I, marketing channel II and marketing channel III there is a significant difference. This means that the existence of a bokar auction market pool is able to significantly increase the efficiency of bokar marketing, and for this it is necessary to establish auction market poo in other villages.
{"title":"Pattern Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Bokar in Rural Area, Batanghari Regency, Indonesia","authors":"Y. Damayanti, S. Nainggolan, Putri Utami","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.81.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.81.9","url":null,"abstract":"Marketing is said to be efficient if it is considered capable of distributing products from farmers to the crumb rubber industry at a reasonable cost and a fair distribution of the price paid by the crumb rubber industry. For this reason, this study aims to analyze the marketing efficiency of bokar. This research was conducted in the Rural Area of Batanghari Regency, with a sample size of 77 farmers. Sampling uses the sSimple Random Sampling method. The data analysis used is quantitative descriptive analysis. with the One Way Anova test. Bokar marketing in Batanghari Regency consists of three marketing channels, namely: (1) Farmers - Auction Market - Provincial Collector Traders (PPProv) - Factory (Crumb Rubber). (2) Farmers - Village Collector Traders (PPD) - Provincial Collector Traders (PPProv) - Factory (Crumb Rubber). (3) Farmers - Provincial Collector Traders (PPProv) - Factories (Crumb Rubber). Based on the efficiency indicators of bokar marketing through marketing margin, farmer's share and profit ratio and marketing cost of bokar marketing channel I is more efficient than channels II and III. Based on the results of the One Way Anova test, the farmer's share received by bokar farmers in marketing channel I, marketing channel II and marketing channel III there is a significant difference. This means that the existence of a bokar auction market pool is able to significantly increase the efficiency of bokar marketing, and for this it is necessary to establish auction market poo in other villages.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83299639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The off-season vegetables are regarded as important agricultural commodities in Nepal, offering significant commercial potential. These vegetables have been identified as valuable value chains that can improve the livelihoods of small-scale farmers through advancements in production and marketing techniques. This study examines the price flexibility and seasonality patterns of major vegetables in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, with the aim of providing policy recommendations to address the inelastic demand and reduce import dependency. The analysis reveals mixed elasticity in the demand for tomatoes, with inelasticity from November to March and higher elasticity from April to June. Potatoes exhibit predominantly inelastic demand, while onions demonstrate mixed elasticity with inelasticity from July to October and elasticity from November to April. Additionally, cauliflower and cucumber show high inelasticity during the harvesting season and comparatively elastic demand during off-seasons and pre-harvesting periods. The study also identifies high seasonality in the prices of cauliflower and cucumber, moderate seasonality in onions, and low seasonality in potatoes and tomatoes. Considering the high import share of vegetables in Kathmandu Valley, recommendations are provided to reduce import dependency and promote domestic production. These include supporting local farmers through incentives, access to quality inputs, and agricultural training programs. Improving post-harvest infrastructure, such as storage facilities and transportation networks, is crucial to minimize spoilage and optimize the supply chain. Enhancing market efficiency through streamlined supply chains and transparent pricing mechanisms can benefit both farmers and consumers. Promoting value addition in vegetables, investing in research and development for improved varieties, and fostering collaboration and networking among stakeholders are suggested to enhance productivity, competitiveness, and market expansion. While these recommendations focus on increasing domestic production and market efficiency, further analysis of import dynamics and trade policies is necessary to effectively reduce imports and ensure a balanced market supply.
{"title":"Market Dynamics and Seasonal Pricing of Major Vegetables in Kathmandu Valley","authors":"Anisha Giri","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.84.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.84.12","url":null,"abstract":"The off-season vegetables are regarded as important agricultural commodities in Nepal, offering significant commercial potential. These vegetables have been identified as valuable value chains that can improve the livelihoods of small-scale farmers through advancements in production and marketing techniques. This study examines the price flexibility and seasonality patterns of major vegetables in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, with the aim of providing policy recommendations to address the inelastic demand and reduce import dependency. The analysis reveals mixed elasticity in the demand for tomatoes, with inelasticity from November to March and higher elasticity from April to June. Potatoes exhibit predominantly inelastic demand, while onions demonstrate mixed elasticity with inelasticity from July to October and elasticity from November to April. Additionally, cauliflower and cucumber show high inelasticity during the harvesting season and comparatively elastic demand during off-seasons and pre-harvesting periods. The study also identifies high seasonality in the prices of cauliflower and cucumber, moderate seasonality in onions, and low seasonality in potatoes and tomatoes. Considering the high import share of vegetables in Kathmandu Valley, recommendations are provided to reduce import dependency and promote domestic production. These include supporting local farmers through incentives, access to quality inputs, and agricultural training programs. Improving post-harvest infrastructure, such as storage facilities and transportation networks, is crucial to minimize spoilage and optimize the supply chain. Enhancing market efficiency through streamlined supply chains and transparent pricing mechanisms can benefit both farmers and consumers. Promoting value addition in vegetables, investing in research and development for improved varieties, and fostering collaboration and networking among stakeholders are suggested to enhance productivity, competitiveness, and market expansion. While these recommendations focus on increasing domestic production and market efficiency, further analysis of import dynamics and trade policies is necessary to effectively reduce imports and ensure a balanced market supply.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81070999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background and objectives of study; Auto mechanics in Ghana have positively contributed to the transportation sector. However, they leave behind diverse waste materials on the soil within their workshops and the surrounding areas. These materials contain heavy metals, which in high concentrations, negatively effects the nervous, reproductive and vascular systems. This research aims at determining the levels of heavy metals such as lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium at the magazine. The results shall indicate the extent of pollution of the soils, and thereby contribute to data on heavy metals in Ghana. Methods: Fourteen soil samples were collected from two zones at Suame magazine in Kumasi in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Seven (7) samples from the spare parts dealers (lower zone) and the other seven from the working site (upper zone).The samples were digested and the concentrations of the metals determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: Zinc had the highest concentration of 58.52 mg/kg and the least being chromium with concentration of 1.70 mg/kg. These concentrations were within the permissible limits of WHO. Conclusion: Heavy metals concentration was higher at where artisans work and low at the spare parts zone.
{"title":"Determination of Levels of Heavy Metals in Soils at Suame Magazine","authors":"Bartels Benjamin, Boadi Mensah Michael","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.84.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.84.16","url":null,"abstract":"Background and objectives of study; Auto mechanics in Ghana have positively contributed to the transportation sector. However, they leave behind diverse waste materials on the soil within their workshops and the surrounding areas. These materials contain heavy metals, which in high concentrations, negatively effects the nervous, reproductive and vascular systems. This research aims at determining the levels of heavy metals such as lead, zinc, chromium and cadmium at the magazine. The results shall indicate the extent of pollution of the soils, and thereby contribute to data on heavy metals in Ghana. Methods: Fourteen soil samples were collected from two zones at Suame magazine in Kumasi in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Seven (7) samples from the spare parts dealers (lower zone) and the other seven from the working site (upper zone).The samples were digested and the concentrations of the metals determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results: Zinc had the highest concentration of 58.52 mg/kg and the least being chromium with concentration of 1.70 mg/kg. These concentrations were within the permissible limits of WHO. Conclusion: Heavy metals concentration was higher at where artisans work and low at the spare parts zone.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91314722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the National Development Plan (PND) 2018-2022, particularly in point 1.5, in connection with environmental management, taking into account the fight against climate change has been clearly defined as crucial for the development of Togo based on the National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (PNACC). With this in mind, we have assessed the vulnerability and adaptive capacities to climate variability and change in five localities bordering the wetlands of the Oti Plain. The work consisted of conducting surveys in a participatory manner with the target groups. These surveys focused on the perception of populations and producers of climate change, the shocks experienced, and adaptation measures. Risk indices were calculated. Then we proceeded to calculate the vulnerability or severity indices. The results highlight the irregularity of rains, poverty in general, the poverty of agricultural soils, pockets of drought, the drop in agricultural yields, diseases, and deforestation as the main shocks emanating from climate change. The observation of the populations indicates a clear increase in temperatures and an irregularity in rainfall. The adaptive capacities developed by producers to cope with these multifaceted shocks have been identified and depend on the production sector. Given these results, future investigations should make it possible to deepen the understanding of climate change in all vulnerable sectors. This information will be used to better establish adaptation strategies to climate change, particularly in vulnerable areas.
{"title":"Vulnerability and adaptative capacity to climate change in five localities riparating the wetlands of the Oti Plain in the north du of Togo","authors":"Lardja Lamboni, M. Belem","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.83.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.83.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the National Development Plan (PND) 2018-2022, particularly in point 1.5, in connection with environmental management, taking into account the fight against climate change has been clearly defined as crucial for the development of Togo based on the National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (PNACC). With this in mind, we have assessed the vulnerability and adaptive capacities to climate variability and change in five localities bordering the wetlands of the Oti Plain. The work consisted of conducting surveys in a participatory manner with the target groups. These surveys focused on the perception of populations and producers of climate change, the shocks experienced, and adaptation measures. Risk indices were calculated. Then we proceeded to calculate the vulnerability or severity indices. The results highlight the irregularity of rains, poverty in general, the poverty of agricultural soils, pockets of drought, the drop in agricultural yields, diseases, and deforestation as the main shocks emanating from climate change. The observation of the populations indicates a clear increase in temperatures and an irregularity in rainfall. The adaptive capacities developed by producers to cope with these multifaceted shocks have been identified and depend on the production sector. Given these results, future investigations should make it possible to deepen the understanding of climate change in all vulnerable sectors. This information will be used to better establish adaptation strategies to climate change, particularly in vulnerable areas.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87723331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yan Si, Bing-Yuh Lu, Yun-Shang Wang, Ruei-Yuan Wang
The guarantee of grain yield is an important issue for national security. Wheat is one of the main grain crops in China, and monitoring the spatio-temporal changes in its planting area and yield has important implications for decision-making support. With the development of remote sensing technology, estimating the long-term changes in the area of wheat planting has become a vital agricultural monitoring method. This article uses GF-1 satellite WFV sensor data to estimate the wheat planting areas in Xinye County, Henan Province in 2017, 2020, and 2023, mainly using SVM algorithm for calculation and comparison. After classification, the overall classification accuracy reaches over 95%, and the Kappa coefficient is above 0.95. The results show that the winter wheat planting area in Xinye County has shown an increasing trend over the past six years, from 34296.295 hm2 in 2017 to 56914.662 hm2 in 2023. By analyzing and summarizing the changes in regional crops, it has an important contribution to regional production and agricultural evaluation decision-making.
{"title":"Analysis of Dynamic Changes of Winter Wheat in Xinye County, Henan Province Based on SVM Method","authors":"Yan Si, Bing-Yuh Lu, Yun-Shang Wang, Ruei-Yuan Wang","doi":"10.22161/ijeab.86.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijeab.86.3","url":null,"abstract":"The guarantee of grain yield is an important issue for national security. Wheat is one of the main grain crops in China, and monitoring the spatio-temporal changes in its planting area and yield has important implications for decision-making support. With the development of remote sensing technology, estimating the long-term changes in the area of wheat planting has become a vital agricultural monitoring method. This article uses GF-1 satellite WFV sensor data to estimate the wheat planting areas in Xinye County, Henan Province in 2017, 2020, and 2023, mainly using SVM algorithm for calculation and comparison. After classification, the overall classification accuracy reaches over 95%, and the Kappa coefficient is above 0.95. The results show that the winter wheat planting area in Xinye County has shown an increasing trend over the past six years, from 34296.295 hm2 in 2017 to 56914.662 hm2 in 2023. By analyzing and summarizing the changes in regional crops, it has an important contribution to regional production and agricultural evaluation decision-making.","PeriodicalId":14038,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135668159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：