International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Psychometric Validation of the Bedford Alzheimer Nursing-Severity Scale in Community-Dwelling Persons With Severe Dementia","authors":"Chin Yee Cheong,&nbsp;Philip Yap,&nbsp;Tze Pin Ng,&nbsp;Boon Yeow Tan,&nbsp;Chetna Malhotra","doi":"10.1002/gps.70187","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gps.70187","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Measuring disease severity in persons with severe dementia is essential for clinical care and research. Most instruments encounter issues, for example floor effects in characterising persons with severe dementia. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Bedford Alzheimer Nursing-Severity Scale (BANS) and its short version, BANS-6, in community-dwelling persons with severe dementia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We used baseline data from a multi-centre prospective longitudinal study. 215 caregivers of community-dwelling persons with severe dementia (≥ FAST stage 6c) were recruited (mean age 83.6 ± 8.2). We evaluated BANS’ construct validity with exploratory factor analysis, correlation with other established measures, and predictive validity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution (variance 58.35%) with item-2 (sleep-wake cycle) not loading onto any factor. Dropping item-2 (BANS-6) revealed a single-factor solution (variance 49.26%) and Cronbach's <i>α</i> improved from 0.701 to 0.782. FAST did not correlate with the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory and Quality of Life in Late-Stage Dementia Scale, but both BANS and BANS-6 did. For predictive validity, after adjusting for age, sex and comorbidities, BANS-6 remained significantly associated with key clinical complications of severe dementia: pneumonia (<i>β</i> = 2.09, 95% CI = 0.13–4.05), fever episodes (<i>β</i> = 1.24, 95% CI = 0.10–2.40) and oral antibiotic use (<i>β</i> = 1.33, 95%CI = 0.11–2.55), tube feeding (<i>β</i> = 4.42, 95% CI = 2.62–6.22), pressure sores (<i>β</i> = 2.51, 95% CI = 0.85–4.18), eating problems (<i>β</i> = 3.27, 95%CI = 2.20–4.34), and malnutrition (<i>β</i> = 1.63, 95% CI = 0.24–3.02) in the last 4 months. BANS was not significantly associated with pneumonia, oral antibiotics, and pressure sores, and FAST was not significantly associated with any outcome.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BANS and its short version, BANS-6, are valid, reliable, and clinically relevant tools for assessing dementia severity in community-dwelling persons with severe dementia, warranting further exploration in diverse population settings. The findings suggest that BANS-6 has better psychometrics and clinical utility than BANS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14060,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Serological Evidence of Toxocara canis and Toxoplasma gondii Exposure Among Very Elderly Neuropsychiatric Patients in Taiwan","authors":"Hui-Wen Weng,&nbsp;Ching-Sheng Hung,&nbsp;Tsong-Yih Ou,&nbsp;Chia-Mei Chou,&nbsp;Chia-Kwung Fan","doi":"10.1002/gps.70192","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gps.70192","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14060,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145933256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive Reserve and Its Relationship With Memory Changes: An Analysis of the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE)","authors":"Juan C. Melendez,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Venegas,&nbsp;Claire P. de la Fuente","doi":"10.1002/gps.70190","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gps.70190","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine the longitudinal association between cognitive reserve (CR)-related proxies and episodic memory in older adults, and to explore the role of sociodemographic and clinical risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data were drawn from 2279 participants of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), with baseline in wave 5 (2013) and follow-up in wave 9 (2021–2022). A CR-proxy score was constructed using education, occupation, physical activity, social engagement, and loneliness. Logistic regression models were used to predict immediate and delayed recall performance at follow-up, adjusting for age, sex, depression, vascular risk factors, and sensory impairments.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Higher levels of CR-related proxies significantly reduced the odds of impairment in both immediate recall (OR = 0.55, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and delayed recall (OR = 0.46, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Age was associated with poorer memory outcomes, while women showed better performance in delayed recall being female predicted lower odds of preserved delayed recall. Depression was significantly related to poorer immediate recall, but other health conditions and sensory factors were not significant predictors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CR-related proxies were strong predictors of memory performance over the 9-year period, particularly for delayed recall. These findings reflect sociobehavioural influences associated with CR development, rather than direct evidence of CR as a neurofunctional mechanism. Promoting cognitively, socially and physically enriching activities, together with addressing depression, may help preserve memory function in aging populations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14060,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12775646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hidden Arc of Caregiver Decline: Trajectory, Reserve, and Systemic Implications","authors":"Chutharat Thanchonnang,&nbsp;Schawanya K. Rattanapitoon,&nbsp;Nav La,&nbsp;Nathkapach K. Rattanapitoon","doi":"10.1002/gps.70186","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gps.70186","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14060,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145911387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Music, Leisure and Dementia Risk: Clarifying What is Really Being Measured","authors":"Ryuichi Minoda Sada","doi":"10.1002/gps.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.70188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14060,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145904857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Physical Restraint Use in Older Adults With Dementia in Geriatric Care Facilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan","authors":"Hungu Jung,&nbsp;Masahiro Akishita,&nbsp;Yuji Iwamoto,&nbsp;Junpei Tanabe,&nbsp;Kenta Hirohama,&nbsp;Shinya Ishii","doi":"10.1002/gps.70174","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gps.70174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to identify factors associated with the use of physical restraints in geriatric care facilities housing older adults with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted from January to February 2023 in special nursing homes (SNHs) for older adults with moderate to severe dementia and group homes (GHs) for those with mild to moderate dementia. The survey gathered information on facility characteristics, the presence of residents with dementia infected during COVID-19 clusters, and the use of physical restraints. Additional items addressed challenges encountered during a cluster outbreak, difficulties in managing residents with dementia infected with COVID-19, measures implemented for these residents, and considerations when residents were unable to isolate in their rooms owing to wandering. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with physical restraint use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from 286 SNHs and 151 GHs were analyzed, all of which housed residents with dementia infected during COVID-19 clusters. Among them, 49 SNHs (17.1%) and 14 GHs (9.3%) reported using physical restraints. In SNHs, multiple logistic regression analysis identified wandering, worsening dementia symptoms, and ongoing infections as significant factors associated with restraint use. In GHs, difficulty communicating the situation to other residents and families was notably associated with restraint implementation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of physical restraints in facilities caring for older adults with moderate to severe dementia may be associated with worsening dementia symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. These findings underscore the need for improved staff training and the development of care strategies aimed at minimizing restraint use during infectious disease outbreaks.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14060,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"40 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12710195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145767929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistence and Determinants of Late-Life Depression: Results of the Nationally Representative Longitudinal German Aging Survey 2008 to 2023","authors":"M. W. Stratmann,&nbsp;H.-H. König,&nbsp;A. Hajek","doi":"10.1002/gps.70181","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gps.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Late-life depression is the most common mental disorder in older adults. As symptom progression and risk factors are not well understood, this study focuses on longitudinal symptom progression and time-varying risk factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Longitudinal data of adults aged 60+ were drawn from six waves (2008–2023) of the German Aging Survey (DEAS), with the largest analytic sample in 2014 (<i>n</i> = 6515). At each wave participants were classified as having “no” (0–9), “minor” (10–17) or “major” (18–45) depressive symptoms (DS) based on the German Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Persistent DS were defined as PDS (at least minor DS) or majorPDS (major DS) across two consecutive waves. Weighted transition probabilities between DS stages were calculated across all person-years. Linear fixed effects regression with cluster-robust standard errors was used to identify time-varying determinants of DS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In 2014, the prevalence rate was 17.4% [16.6%–18.1%] for minor DS, 7.2% [6.6%–7.8%] for major DS, 12.2% [11.3%–13.1%] for PDS and 2.5% [2.0%–3.1%] for majorPDS. Estimates were similar across all six waves. Minor DS frequently persisted (37.3% [34.1%–40.6%]) or progressed to major DS (11.7% [9.6%–14.2%]). Major DS persisted in 38.6% [31.1%–46.7%] and remitted to minor DS in 31.8% [25.9%–38.3%] of cases. Transition to widowhood (<i>β</i> = 0.67, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), worsening of physical functioning (<i>β</i> = −0.06, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), increasing loneliness (<i>β</i> = 1.02, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), worsening of sleep quality (<i>β</i> = 0.78–4.40, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and decreasing BMI (<i>β</i> = −0.08, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) were associated with increases in DS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>DS are common in later life and are frequently persistent. Minor DS often persist or worsen, underscoring their role as a key risk factor. Major DS frequently remits only partly. Early, targeted interventions could be informed by modifiable determinants that may also help to allocate scarce mental health resources effectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14060,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"40 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12710116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145767954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Historical-Control Study of Nudge-Based Semi-Supervised Resistance Exercise in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhao,&nbsp;Yue Lan,&nbsp;Yi Li,&nbsp;Xu Yan,&nbsp;Qiaoqin Wan","doi":"10.1002/gps.70180","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gps.70180","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effects of the nudges-based semi-supervised resistance exercise program in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A Pilot Historical-Control Study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants in the intervention group received a 12-week semi-supervised resistance exercise with nudges. The historical control group consisted of participants from a prior study by our team who received fully-supervised resistance training. Propensity score matching was performed to generate matched pairs. The primary outcome was the feasibility, including recruitment rate, retention rate, adherence, labor resource costs and participants' perceptions regarding nudges' usefulness. The secondary outcomes were cognitive function and physical function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 30 participants in the intervention group and 33 participants in the historical control group completed the program. The recruitment rate for the intervention group was 47.22%, and the retention rate was 88.24%. In the historical control group, the recruitment rate was 59.02%, and the retention rate was 91.67%. Following 1:1 propensity score matching, the adherence rates for the intervention and control groups were 96.59% and 91.85%, respectively, with no significant difference observed (<i>Z</i> = 1.309, <i>p</i> = 0.191). The intervention group required 15.25 healthcare professional labor hours (344.65 RMB), lower than the control group (24 h; 542.4 RMB). Most nudges were assessed as beneficial; however, certain ones were deemed ineffective, and some that initially showed promise diminished impacts over time. Both groups exhibited significant improvements in cognitive and physical functions from pre-to post-intervention, with no significant differences between the groups (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The semi-supervised resistance exercise program with nudges is a viable alternative compared to fully-supervised mode. Large-scale randomized controlled trials should be conducted to validate these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14060,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"40 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress, Social Isolation Profiles, and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Adults in a Low-Income Community in Singapore","authors":"Pildoo Sung,&nbsp;Vanessa Jean Wen Koh,&nbsp;Angelique Chan","doi":"10.1002/gps.70183","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gps.70183","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To identify distinct social isolation profiles and their associations, both direct and stress-moderating, with depressive symptoms using objective and subjective indicators of social isolation among older adults in a low-income community.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Latent class analysis and multivariable regression were conducted with data from 881 individuals aged 60 years or above residing in public rental housing in the Chin Swee area of Singapore.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Four profiles emerged: “well-connected and less lonely” (27.9%), “structurally isolated but less lonely” (56.4%), “somewhat isolated and moderately lonely” (11.3%), and “severely isolated and highly lonely” (4.4%). The latter two profiles demonstrated significantly greater depressive symptoms than the former two. Additionally, the “somewhat isolated and moderately lonely” profile showed heightened vulnerability to stressors, exhibiting stronger associations between life stressors and depressive symptoms compared with the “well-connected and less lonely” profile.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Subjective loneliness, more so than objective structural isolation, is pivotal in shaping older adults' mental health and stress vulnerability within low-income settings. Interventions should consider decoupling loneliness from social isolation, tailoring support to the specific needs associated with different social isolation profiles.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14060,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"40 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Brain Structure and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Dementia","authors":"Ching-Chi Hsu,&nbsp;Cheng-Chen Chang,&nbsp;Jia-Fu Lee,&nbsp;Jeng-Yuan Chiou,&nbsp;Shiow-Ing Wang,&nbsp;Fan-Pei Gloria Yang","doi":"10.1002/gps.70182","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gps.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are highly prevalent from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Understanding the link between NPS and regional brain changes can provide insight into neural correlates of disease progression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cross-sectional study analyzed 1536 older adults from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center comprising 860 healthy controls, 389 patients with MCI, and 287 patients with AD. The NPSs were evaluated with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), which measures severity in four domains: mood, psychosis, frontal, and total symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging quantified regional gray matter volumes (GM), cerebrospinal fluid volume (CSF), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes to see their correlations with NPS.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All volumes showed the smallest in dementia, the intermediate in MCI, and the largest in healthy controls. Higher total NPI scores were significantly associated with smaller volumes of hippocampal and gray matter volumes and larger cerebrospinal fluid volume, with the strongest correlations in the dementia group. By domain, NPI-mood symptoms were correlated with reduced hippocampal, temporal, and frontal volumes. NPI-psychosis symptoms also correlated with frontotemporal regions, but less extensively. Mood symptoms were most strongly linked to temporolimbic atrophy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study supports associations between emerging neuropsychiatric manifestations and accumulating structural brain damage along the pathological cascade.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":14060,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry","volume":"40 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145714441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}