Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7508/IJND.2016.01.010
Delfani Shahram, M. Karami, M. Bahabadi
ABS TRACT: In the present work, a prototype of a new type of solar collectors called Direct Absorption Solar Collector, was built and its thermal performance is experimentally compared with conventional flat plate solar collector under transient and steady state conditions. Different volume fractions of multi wall carbon nanotubes in water and ethylene glycol mixture (70%: 30% in volume) were used as working fluid of direct absorption solar collector. The transient comparison show that the efficiency of the direct absorption solar collector becomes about 7% (in average) more than that of flat plate solar collector at 72 l/hr flow rate. The steady state performance tests were performed in different flow rates from 54 to 90 l/hr, based on the procedure of EN 12975-2 standard. Under similar operating conditions, a direct absorption solar collector using 100 ppm carbon nanotube nanofluid has the zero-loss efficiency of 23% higher than that of a flat plate collector; whereas, the zero-loss efficiency of a direct absorption solar collector using the base fluid is 4.4% lower than that of a flat plate collector. Based on the results, the performance of a direct absorption solar collector using carbon nanotube nanofluids is better than a flat-plate solar collector.
{"title":"EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF NANOFLUIDBASED DIRECT ABSORPTION AND FLAT PLATE SOLAR COLLECTORS","authors":"Delfani Shahram, M. Karami, M. Bahabadi","doi":"10.7508/IJND.2016.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7508/IJND.2016.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"ABS TRACT: In the present work, a prototype of a new type of solar collectors called Direct Absorption Solar Collector, was built and its thermal performance is experimentally compared with conventional flat plate solar collector under transient and steady state conditions. Different volume fractions of multi wall carbon nanotubes in water and ethylene glycol mixture (70%: 30% in volume) were used as working fluid of direct absorption solar collector. The transient comparison show that the efficiency of the direct absorption solar collector becomes about 7% (in average) more than that of flat plate solar collector at 72 l/hr flow rate. The steady state performance tests were performed in different flow rates from 54 to 90 l/hr, based on the procedure of EN 12975-2 standard. Under similar operating conditions, a direct absorption solar collector using 100 ppm carbon nanotube nanofluid has the zero-loss efficiency of 23% higher than that of a flat plate collector; whereas, the zero-loss efficiency of a direct absorption solar collector using the base fluid is 4.4% lower than that of a flat plate collector. Based on the results, the performance of a direct absorption solar collector using carbon nanotube nanofluids is better than a flat-plate solar collector.","PeriodicalId":14081,"journal":{"name":"international journal of nano dimension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79746479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7508/IJND.2016.01.001
A. Majedi, F. Davar, A. Abbasi
Photocatalytic degradation of toxic organic compound in water, soil and air by semiconductor catalysts such as TiO2 and ZnO have received much attention over the last two decades. However, the low quantum yield, easy agglomeration and difficult post-separation of these inorganic catalysts limit their application for large-scale applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the latest class of ordered porous solids that being intensively studied as a novel class of hybrid inorganic–organic material with ultrahigh porosity, enormous internal surface areas, together with the extraordinary tailorability of structure, dimension, size and shape. Recently exploring performance of MOFs as a new nanophotocatalyst is attracting interest of researchers working on the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science and others. Although the photocatytic application of MOF materials is still at the early stage compared with the other applications of them such as gas storage, separation, biomedical application and heterogeneous catalysis, the currently available results have demonstrated that the design and construction of MOFs for photocatalyst functionality is very active. The present review aims to introduce MOF materials, the synthesized methods and highlights the progress attempts for using them as a nanophotocatalyst for degradation of pollutants.
{"title":"Metal-organic framework materials as nano photocatalyst","authors":"A. Majedi, F. Davar, A. Abbasi","doi":"10.7508/IJND.2016.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7508/IJND.2016.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"Photocatalytic degradation of toxic organic compound in water, soil and air by semiconductor catalysts such as TiO2 and ZnO have received much attention over the last two decades. However, the low quantum yield, easy agglomeration and difficult post-separation of these inorganic catalysts limit their application for large-scale applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the latest class of ordered porous solids that being intensively studied as a novel class of hybrid inorganic–organic material with ultrahigh porosity, enormous internal surface areas, together with the extraordinary tailorability of structure, dimension, size and shape. Recently exploring performance of MOFs as a new nanophotocatalyst is attracting interest of researchers working on the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science and others. Although the photocatytic application of MOF materials is still at the early stage compared with the other applications of them such as gas storage, separation, biomedical application and heterogeneous catalysis, the currently available results have demonstrated that the design and construction of MOFs for photocatalyst functionality is very active. The present review aims to introduce MOF materials, the synthesized methods and highlights the progress attempts for using them as a nanophotocatalyst for degradation of pollutants.","PeriodicalId":14081,"journal":{"name":"international journal of nano dimension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89914533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7508/IJND.2016.01.004
S. Darzi, A. Mahjoub, A. Bayat
ABS TRACT: S-doped and baremesoporous TiO 2 were prepared using titaniumtetraisopropoxideand thiocarbamide as raw materials. Prepared materials were characterized by means of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The band gap of S-doped was estimated from UV-Vis spectroscopy data to be 2.8 eV. The specific surface area of S-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles obtained via the BET method, calculated to be 181.3 m 2 /g and its pore size distribution curve revealed that the average diameter of the pores is 12.3 nm using BJH method. Photocatalytic efficiency of synthesized S-doped mesoporous TiO 2 was tested for degradation of Congoredazo dye under ultraviolet and visible lights. The results revealed that the S-doped mesoporous TiO 2 is the most effective under visible lightin comparison withbareone.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of visible light active S-doped TiO2 nanophotocatalyst","authors":"S. Darzi, A. Mahjoub, A. Bayat","doi":"10.7508/IJND.2016.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7508/IJND.2016.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"ABS TRACT: S-doped and baremesoporous TiO 2 were prepared using titaniumtetraisopropoxideand thiocarbamide as raw materials. Prepared materials were characterized by means of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area and Barrett–Joyner–Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The band gap of S-doped was estimated from UV-Vis spectroscopy data to be 2.8 eV. The specific surface area of S-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles obtained via the BET method, calculated to be 181.3 m 2 /g and its pore size distribution curve revealed that the average diameter of the pores is 12.3 nm using BJH method. Photocatalytic efficiency of synthesized S-doped mesoporous TiO 2 was tested for degradation of Congoredazo dye under ultraviolet and visible lights. The results revealed that the S-doped mesoporous TiO 2 is the most effective under visible lightin comparison withbareone.","PeriodicalId":14081,"journal":{"name":"international journal of nano dimension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72949894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7508/IJND.2016.01.002
J. Nouri, T. Khoshravesh, S. Khanahmadzadeh, A. Salehabadi, M. Enhessari
ABS TRACT: Li 2 Ni 8 O 10 and LiMn 2 O 4 Nanoparticles as cathode materials for lithium ion battery were successfully synthesized using lithium acetate, nickel and manganese acetate as Li, Ni and Mn sources and stearic acid as a complexing reagent. The structure of the obtained products was characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The shape, size and distribution of the Li 2 Ni 8 O 10 and LiMn 2 O 4 nanoparticles were observed by SEM. Optical band gap and magnetic properties were determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Li 2 Ni 8 O 10 and LiMn 2 O 4 spinels were identified as the main crystalline phases. The particles size of both, Li 2 Ni 8 O 10 and LiMn 2 O 4 nanoparticles is around 24 to 32 nm. Optical band gap of Li 2 Ni 8 O 10 and LiMn 2 O 4 are 1.40 eV and 1.16 eV, respectively. Therefore, lithium nickel and lithium manganese oxide nanoparticles can be used as semiconductor materials in electrical devices. VSM curve showed paramagnetic behavior of LiMn 2 O 4 nanoparticles. Moreover, color parameters were obtained by colorimetric analysis of LiMn 2 O 4 indicating characteristic values of L*=25.820, a*=1.607 and b*= -1.143.
{"title":"SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND OPTICAL BAND GAP OF LITHIUM CATHODE MATERIALS: LI2NI8O10 AND LIMN2O4 NANOPARTICLES","authors":"J. Nouri, T. Khoshravesh, S. Khanahmadzadeh, A. Salehabadi, M. Enhessari","doi":"10.7508/IJND.2016.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7508/IJND.2016.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"ABS TRACT: Li 2 Ni 8 O 10 and LiMn 2 O 4 Nanoparticles as cathode materials for lithium ion battery were successfully synthesized using lithium acetate, nickel and manganese acetate as Li, Ni and Mn sources and stearic acid as a complexing reagent. The structure of the obtained products was characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The shape, size and distribution of the Li 2 Ni 8 O 10 and LiMn 2 O 4 nanoparticles were observed by SEM. Optical band gap and magnetic properties were determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Li 2 Ni 8 O 10 and LiMn 2 O 4 spinels were identified as the main crystalline phases. The particles size of both, Li 2 Ni 8 O 10 and LiMn 2 O 4 nanoparticles is around 24 to 32 nm. Optical band gap of Li 2 Ni 8 O 10 and LiMn 2 O 4 are 1.40 eV and 1.16 eV, respectively. Therefore, lithium nickel and lithium manganese oxide nanoparticles can be used as semiconductor materials in electrical devices. VSM curve showed paramagnetic behavior of LiMn 2 O 4 nanoparticles. Moreover, color parameters were obtained by colorimetric analysis of LiMn 2 O 4 indicating characteristic values of L*=25.820, a*=1.607 and b*= -1.143.","PeriodicalId":14081,"journal":{"name":"international journal of nano dimension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78690971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7508/IJND.2016.01.009
A. Mehrizad, P. Gharbani
ABS TRACT: In this study, the adsorption of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (1C4NB) on carbon nanofibers (CNFs), was investigated in a batch system. The combined effects of operating parameters such as contact time, pH, initial 1C4NB concentration, and CNFs dosage on the adsorption of 1C4NB by CNFs were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The analysis of variance results confirmed that there was significant agreement between the model and experimental data. In addition, it was indicated that the residuals followed a normal distribution. The screening experiments showed that significant factors in 1C4NB removal were CNFs dosage, interaction between initial 1C4NB concentration-CNFs dosage and CNFs dosage-contact time. High efficiency removal (>90%) was obtained under optimal value of process parameters in the first 6 min of the removal process. The results indicate that RSM is a suitable method for modeling and optimizing the process, so that experimental design by RSM leads to time and cost saving. Non-linear form of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models were fitted to adsorption equilibrium data. The results showed that the isotherm data can be well described by Freundlich isotherm equation.
{"title":"Study of 1-Chloro-4-Nitrobenzene adsorption on Carbon nanofibers by experimental design","authors":"A. Mehrizad, P. Gharbani","doi":"10.7508/IJND.2016.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7508/IJND.2016.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"ABS TRACT: In this study, the adsorption of 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene (1C4NB) on carbon nanofibers (CNFs), was investigated in a batch system. The combined effects of operating parameters such as contact time, pH, initial 1C4NB concentration, and CNFs dosage on the adsorption of 1C4NB by CNFs were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The analysis of variance results confirmed that there was significant agreement between the model and experimental data. In addition, it was indicated that the residuals followed a normal distribution. The screening experiments showed that significant factors in 1C4NB removal were CNFs dosage, interaction between initial 1C4NB concentration-CNFs dosage and CNFs dosage-contact time. High efficiency removal (>90%) was obtained under optimal value of process parameters in the first 6 min of the removal process. The results indicate that RSM is a suitable method for modeling and optimizing the process, so that experimental design by RSM leads to time and cost saving. Non-linear form of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models were fitted to adsorption equilibrium data. The results showed that the isotherm data can be well described by Freundlich isotherm equation.","PeriodicalId":14081,"journal":{"name":"international journal of nano dimension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74569841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7508/IJND.2016.01.008
A. Samadi‐Maybodi
Dipolar-dephasing method provides some information about the strength of dipolar coupling in solids. Dipolar dephasing technique measures the time for a polarized carbon nucleus to lose its magnetization once the proton locking field is terminated. The dynamics of guest molecules adsorbed within the cavities and channels of nonporouszeolite strongly depend on the structure and chemical composition of the nonporouszeolite. In this work solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and dipolar dephasing technique were applied to determine the extent of motion 1-Chloroadamantaneloaded in nonporouszeolite-Y. Loading of 1-Chloroadamantane into the supercages of the zeolite-Y (with R=100 and R=2.35, R=Si/Al) was carried out by a vapor phase impregnationand solution impregnation methods. The accuracy of dipolar dephasing method was first investigated with the aid of pure 1-Chloroadamantaneto determine the degree of motion in the nonporousof zeolite-Y. Results indicated that the Cd signal of the 1-Chloroadamantanein the nonporous zeolite-Y decays faster than that the Cb and Cg, demonstrating that dipolar interaction for this carbon (Cd) is stronger. However, the rate of signal decay Cd for the 1-Chloroadamantaneloaded in zeolite -Y (R=2.35) is less than that loaded in zeolite-Y (R=100).
偶极减相法提供了固体中偶极耦合强度的一些信息。偶极脱相技术测量极化碳核在质子锁定场终止后失去磁化的时间。吸附在非多孔沸石孔洞和孔道内的客体分子动力学在很大程度上取决于非多孔沸石的结构和化学组成。本文采用固态13C核磁共振波谱和偶极脱相技术测定了1-氯金刚烷在非多孔沸石y中的运动程度。采用气相浸渍法和溶液浸渍法，将1-氯金刚烷装入沸石- y (R=100和R=2.35, R=Si/Al)的超笼中。本文首先考察了偶极脱相法在纯1-氯金刚烷的辅助下测定无孔沸石y中运动度的准确性。结果表明，1-氯金刚烷素在无孔沸石y上的Cd信号衰减速度快于Cb和Cg，表明该碳(Cd)的偶极相互作用更强。然而，1-氯金刚烷在沸石-Y中负载的信号衰减率Cd (R=2.35)小于在沸石-Y中负载的(R=100)。
{"title":"Investigation of molecular motion of Cl-adamantane in the nanoprous zeolite by 13C NMR dipolar dephasing and variable contact time measurements","authors":"A. Samadi‐Maybodi","doi":"10.7508/IJND.2016.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7508/IJND.2016.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Dipolar-dephasing method provides some information about the strength of dipolar coupling in solids. Dipolar dephasing technique measures the time for a polarized carbon nucleus to lose its magnetization once the proton locking field is terminated. The dynamics of guest molecules adsorbed within the cavities and channels of nonporouszeolite strongly depend on the structure and chemical composition of the nonporouszeolite. In this work solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy and dipolar dephasing technique were applied to determine the extent of motion 1-Chloroadamantaneloaded in nonporouszeolite-Y. Loading of 1-Chloroadamantane into the supercages of the zeolite-Y (with R=100 and R=2.35, R=Si/Al) was carried out by a vapor phase impregnationand solution impregnation methods. The accuracy of dipolar dephasing method was first investigated with the aid of pure 1-Chloroadamantaneto determine the degree of motion in the nonporousof zeolite-Y. Results indicated that the Cd signal of the 1-Chloroadamantanein the nonporous zeolite-Y decays faster than that the Cb and Cg, demonstrating that dipolar interaction for this carbon (Cd) is stronger. However, the rate of signal decay Cd for the 1-Chloroadamantaneloaded in zeolite -Y (R=2.35) is less than that loaded in zeolite-Y (R=100).","PeriodicalId":14081,"journal":{"name":"international journal of nano dimension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77633833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7508/IJND.2016.01.005
A. Ramazani, A. Farshadi, A. Mahyari, F. Sadri, S. Joo, P. Asiabi, S. Taghavi, Nahid Dayyani, H. Ahankar
A B S T R A C T: Protonation of the highly reactive 1:1 intermediates, produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and acetylenic esters, by NH-acids such as azathioprine, imidazole or theophylline leads to the formation of vinyltriphenylphosphonium salts, which undergo a Michael addition reaction with a conjugate base to produce phosphorus ylides. Silica nanoparticles (silica NPs were prepared by thermal decomposition of rice hulls) was found to catalyze the conversion of the phosphorus ylides to electron-poor N-vinyl imidazoles in solvent-free conditions under thermal (90 o C, 30 min) conditions. It may be speculated that the polar amphoteric surface (OH groups of the silica NPs) facilitates the interaction of adsorbed weak acidic and basic components due to stabilization of the corresponding transition states and intermediates by H-bonding. It seems that the interactions with the neighboring silanol groups are plausible factors in the rate acceleration. Participation of two proximate silanol groups (one as an Hbond donor and the other as an H-bond acceptor) in the reaction mechanism also seems to be plausible.
A B S T R A C T:三苯基膦与乙基酯反应产生的高活性的1:1中间体被氮唑嘌呤、咪唑或茶碱等nh酸质子化，形成乙烯基三苯基膦盐，该盐与共轭碱发生迈克尔加成反应生成磷酰化物。发现二氧化硅纳米颗粒(通过稻壳热分解制备二氧化硅NPs)在无溶剂条件下(90℃，30 min)催化磷酰化物转化为电子差的n-乙烯基咪唑。可以推测，极性两性表面(二氧化硅NPs的OH基团)通过氢键稳定了相应的过渡态和中间体，从而促进了吸附的弱酸性和碱性组分的相互作用。与相邻硅烷醇基团的相互作用似乎是速率加速的合理因素。两个相邻的硅烷醇基团(一个作为氢键供体，另一个作为氢键受体)参与反应机制似乎也是合理的。
{"title":"Synthesis of electron-poor N-Vinylimidazole derivatives catalyzed by Silica nanoparticles under solvent-free conditions","authors":"A. Ramazani, A. Farshadi, A. Mahyari, F. Sadri, S. Joo, P. Asiabi, S. Taghavi, Nahid Dayyani, H. Ahankar","doi":"10.7508/IJND.2016.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7508/IJND.2016.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"A B S T R A C T: Protonation of the highly reactive 1:1 intermediates, produced in the reaction between triphenylphosphine and acetylenic esters, by NH-acids such as azathioprine, imidazole or theophylline leads to the formation of vinyltriphenylphosphonium salts, which undergo a Michael addition reaction with a conjugate base to produce phosphorus ylides. Silica nanoparticles (silica NPs were prepared by thermal decomposition of rice hulls) was found to catalyze the conversion of the phosphorus ylides to electron-poor N-vinyl imidazoles in solvent-free conditions under thermal (90 o C, 30 min) conditions. It may be speculated that the polar amphoteric surface (OH groups of the silica NPs) facilitates the interaction of adsorbed weak acidic and basic components due to stabilization of the corresponding transition states and intermediates by H-bonding. It seems that the interactions with the neighboring silanol groups are plausible factors in the rate acceleration. Participation of two proximate silanol groups (one as an Hbond donor and the other as an H-bond acceptor) in the reaction mechanism also seems to be plausible.","PeriodicalId":14081,"journal":{"name":"international journal of nano dimension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90206120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7508/IJND.2016.01.003
Z. Abdi, S. Sedaghat
ABS TRACT: In this work the synthesis of polyaniline/chitosan/functionalized single- walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite is carried out. For this purpose, single -walled carbon nanotubes were reacted with thionyl chloride to change the hydroxyl to acyl chloride groups for improving the react ability. In other step, aniline monomers and chitosan were polymerized in the presence of Iron (III) Chloride to synthesize the chitaline copolymer. The synthesized chitaline then reacted with functionalized single- walled carbon nanotube to prepare chitaline-single walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was also characterized to evaluate the structure and morphology by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the formation of the composite in nano scale can be good carbon materials with high adsorption capacity in porous surfaces for improving the properties as a good candidate such as nano bio filter for removing the organic and inorganic wastes from water.
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of functionalized single - walled carbon nanotube/ chitosan/polyaniline nanocomposite","authors":"Z. Abdi, S. Sedaghat","doi":"10.7508/IJND.2016.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7508/IJND.2016.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"ABS TRACT: In this work the synthesis of polyaniline/chitosan/functionalized single- walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite is carried out. For this purpose, single -walled carbon nanotubes were reacted with thionyl chloride to change the hydroxyl to acyl chloride groups for improving the react ability. In other step, aniline monomers and chitosan were polymerized in the presence of Iron (III) Chloride to synthesize the chitaline copolymer. The synthesized chitaline then reacted with functionalized single- walled carbon nanotube to prepare chitaline-single walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was also characterized to evaluate the structure and morphology by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that the formation of the composite in nano scale can be good carbon materials with high adsorption capacity in porous surfaces for improving the properties as a good candidate such as nano bio filter for removing the organic and inorganic wastes from water.","PeriodicalId":14081,"journal":{"name":"international journal of nano dimension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76459128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-01DOI: 10.7508/IJND.2016.01.006
M. Abbasi, Nooshin Abbasi
ABS TRACT: A relationship based on the modified couple stress theory is developed to investigate the flexural sensitivity of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with assembled cantilever probe (ACP). This ACP comprises a horizontal cantilever, two vertical extensions and two tips located at the free ends of the extensions, which forming a caliper. An approximate solution to the flexural vibration problem is obtained using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. The results show that the sensitivities of AFM ACP obtained by the modified couple stress theory are smaller than those evaluated by the classical beam theory at the lower contact stiffness. The results also indicate that the flexural sensitivities of the proposed ACP are strong size dependant when the thickness of the cantilever is close to the material length scale, especially at lower contact stiffness. Furthermore, the greatest flexural modal sensitivity occurs at a small contact stiffness of the system, in which the ratio of the cantilever thickness to the material length scale and the distance between the vertical extensions are also small. In this situation, the distance between the vertical extensions and the clamped end of the cantilever and also the vertical extensions lengths are large. The results reveal that the sensitivity of the right sidewall tip is higher than that of the left one.
{"title":"SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A CALIPER FORMED ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE CANTILEVER BASED ON A MODIFIED COUPLE STRESS THEORY","authors":"M. Abbasi, Nooshin Abbasi","doi":"10.7508/IJND.2016.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7508/IJND.2016.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"ABS TRACT: A relationship based on the modified couple stress theory is developed to investigate the flexural sensitivity of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with assembled cantilever probe (ACP). This ACP comprises a horizontal cantilever, two vertical extensions and two tips located at the free ends of the extensions, which forming a caliper. An approximate solution to the flexural vibration problem is obtained using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. The results show that the sensitivities of AFM ACP obtained by the modified couple stress theory are smaller than those evaluated by the classical beam theory at the lower contact stiffness. The results also indicate that the flexural sensitivities of the proposed ACP are strong size dependant when the thickness of the cantilever is close to the material length scale, especially at lower contact stiffness. Furthermore, the greatest flexural modal sensitivity occurs at a small contact stiffness of the system, in which the ratio of the cantilever thickness to the material length scale and the distance between the vertical extensions are also small. In this situation, the distance between the vertical extensions and the clamped end of the cantilever and also the vertical extensions lengths are large. The results reveal that the sensitivity of the right sidewall tip is higher than that of the left one.","PeriodicalId":14081,"journal":{"name":"international journal of nano dimension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78875456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-12-30DOI: 10.7508/IJND.2015.05.003
A. Sarabi, A. Ghanbari
Due to high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoscale structures, surface stress effects have a significant influence on their behavior. In this paper, a two-dimensional problem for an elastic layer that is bonded to a rigid substrate and subjected to an inclined concentrated line load acting on the surface of the layer is investigated based on Gurtin-Murdoch continuum model to consider surface str ess effects. Fourier integral transforms are used to solve the non-classical boundary-value problem related to inclined point load and an analytical solution is obtained for the corresponding boundary-value problem. Selected numerical results are presented for different values of loading angle and are compared with the classical ones to illustrate the influence of the surface stress effects on the stiffness of nano- coating and ultra-thin films. I t is found that the surface stress effects have a quite large influence on the response of the nanofilm especially for more vertical loading (higher values of the angle of loading) and make the layer stiffer than the classicalcase. ff f e n r en g)
{"title":"Examining and calculation of non-classical in the solutions to the true elastic cable under concentrated loads in nanofilm","authors":"A. Sarabi, A. Ghanbari","doi":"10.7508/IJND.2015.05.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7508/IJND.2015.05.003","url":null,"abstract":"Due to high surface-to-volume ratio of nanoscale structures, surface stress effects have a significant influence on their behavior. In this paper, a two-dimensional problem for an elastic layer that is bonded to a rigid substrate and subjected to an inclined concentrated line load acting on the surface of the layer is investigated based on Gurtin-Murdoch continuum model to consider surface str ess effects. Fourier integral transforms are used to solve the non-classical boundary-value problem related to inclined point load and an analytical solution is obtained for the corresponding boundary-value problem. Selected numerical results are presented for different values of loading angle and are compared with the classical ones to illustrate the influence of the surface stress effects on the stiffness of nano- coating and ultra-thin films. I t is found that the surface stress effects have a quite large influence on the response of the nanofilm especially for more vertical loading (higher values of the angle of loading) and make the layer stiffer than the classicalcase. ff f e n r en g)","PeriodicalId":14081,"journal":{"name":"international journal of nano dimension","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2015-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87481686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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