International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction最新文献

This study analyses changes in depressive symptomatology as a function of smoking status over time after a cognitive-behavioural intervention for smoking cessation among smokers with a history of depressive episode. The sample comprised 215 smokers with antecedents of depressive episode (M_age=45.03; 64.7% female). Depressive symptoms were assessed using BDI-II at baseline, end of intervention and at 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Depression was examined according to smoking status at 12-month follow-up: abstainers, relapsers and smokers. The linear mixed model showed a significant effect for time (F = 11.26, p < .001) and for the interaction between smoking status and time (F = 9.11, p < .001) in the variations in depression. Abstinent participants at 12 months experienced a reduction in depressive symptomatology. This change was significant when comparing abstainers to smokers and relapsers. The present study suggests an association between abstinence and reductions in depressive symptomatology for smokers with a history of depressive episode after an intervention for smoking cessation.

The rapid development of internet technology has substantially improved individuals’ social media use. However, a minority group of individuals may experience social media addiction. In order to help healthcare providers in Algeria identify potential individuals with social media addiction, the present study translated a commonly used instrument (i.e., the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale [BSMAS]) to Arabic and validated the Arabic BSMAS. A cross-sectional study design, via convenience sampling, comprised 757 Algerian university students (485 females; mean [SD] age = 21.41 [2.87] years) who completed the following scales in Arabic in classroom settings: the BSMAS, the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). A unidimensional-factor structure was verified for the BSMAS with the support of confirmatory factor analysis (comparative fit index = 0.966; Tucker-Lewis index = 0.943) and Rasch analysis results (infit mean square = 0.83 to 1.16; outfit mean square = 0.82 to 1.15). Moreover, the BSMAS had acceptable internal consistency (α = 0.74; ω = 0.78) with adequate factor loadings (range between 0.402 and 0.670) and item-total correlations (range between 0.349 and 0.529) for all items. The Arabic BSMAS was also found to be measurement invariant across gender. Furthermore, the Arabic BSMAS was significantly associated with the CES-D (r = 0.290; p < 0.001) and SWLS (r = − 0.232; p < 0.001). The present study demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties of the Arabic BSMAS in an Arabic context, specifically in Algeria. These findings have important implications for researchers and practitioners working with Arabic-speaking populations in assessing and addressing problematic social media use while also pointing to areas for future research and intervention.

This study aimed to assess the temporal trends in opioid-involved overdose deaths in New York City (NYC) from 1999 to 2020 overall, and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, county, opioid type, and intent. Using data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s WONDER database, opioid overdose fatalities were identified by referencing the multiple cause of death files, utilizing codes from the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision. Joinpoint regression assessed temporal trends, with annual percentage changes and average annual percentage changes calculated using the permutation method. 95% confidence intervals were estimated using both the empirical quantile method and the parametric method. From 1999 to 2020, New York City recorded a total of 14,371 opioid-involved overdose deaths. In recent years, overall deaths have increased by 14.5% per year (95% CI, 10.7–20.8) from 2011 to 2020. Contemporary trends have worsened across the subcategories of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and opioid type. The findings of this study offer specific metrics for areas within NYC, facilitating targeted interventions and establishing baselines to underpin the sustainability of these efforts.

Research provides insights into the self-regulatory strategies (SRSs) gamblers use, but evidence supporting their efficacy is weak. Study 1 aimed to identify a set of SRSs that best predict less harmful gambling amongst electronic gaming machine (EGM) players who are most vulnerable to EGM-related harm. Study 2 aimed to test their efficacy as a brief intervention in a randomised controlled trial. Study 1 surveyed 2032 EGM players and compared SRS-use amongst harmed and less-harmed players after propensity matching and weighting. Study 2 delivered 13 efficacious SRSs identified in study 1 as a brief intervention in a three-wave RCT and assessed their effect on time and money spent on EGMs and EGM-related harm. In study 1, the individual use of 17 SRSs and the total count of these SRSs used were associated with lower EGM-related harm. In study 2, assignment to three SRSs resulted in reduced EGM spend, with no detectable effects for 10 other SRSs. More frequent reported use of one of the same SRSs and an additional two SRSs also resulted in reduced EGM spend and/or reduced EGM-related harm. The results provide new evidence about the efficacy of certain SRSs to result in beneficial gambling outcomes: setting aside a fixed amount to spend, taking regular breaks, keeping leisure time busy with other activities, not gambling due to boredom, and keeping a household budget. These SRSs could be communicated as actionable strategies people can use to help reduce gambling harm.

Cannabis use problems are on the rise in the USA, and there is a significant need for novel approaches to increase heavy cannabis users’ access to evidence-based treatment. The objective of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to evaluate the efficacy of mobile contingency management (mCM) to reduce cannabis use among individuals with heavy cannabis use. Participants completed 2 weeks of daily ecological momentary assessments and twice daily video saliva tests during a baseline ad lib cannabis use period. Participants randomly assigned to mCM then received 6 weeks of the mCM intervention, whereas control participants received non-contingent payments. Consistent with our main hypothesis, participants in the mCM condition reported significantly greater reductions in bioverified use days (43.1% reduction vs 1.3% reduction) and self-reported grams used (80.9% reduction vs 5.1% reduction). This RCT provides the strongest evidence to date that mCM is effective at reducing cannabis use among heavy cannabis users.

Substance use disorder (SUD) and gambling disorder (GD) pose extensive challenges across various aspects of the affected person’s life and those around them, generating significant public health concerns. Evolving perspectives have led to a shift in nomenclature, with some authors adopting the term “caregivers” to diminish stigma and enhance service accessibility. This systematic literature review aims to offer a comprehensive overview of informal caregivers for adults with addictions. Analyzing 79 retained articles through a scoping review, encompassing both scientific and gray literature, five key findings emerged: 1) a lack of consensus on caregiving definitions; 2) caregivers' experienced stigma; 3) diverse forms of support provided by caregivers; 4) a prevalent emphasis on the concept of burden and caregiver exhaustion; and 5) specific caregiver and SUD/GD individual characteristics contributing to caregiver’s burden. Given the complexity of caregiving in addiction, further research is needed to delineate the context and conditions determining caregiving circumstances.

Observational studies have reported positive associations between opioid dependence and major mental disorders. However, the causal relationships and causal mechanisms between opioid dependence and mental disorders remain unknown due to potential confounding bias and reverse causality. In this study, we aim to investigate the causal associations and possible mediating mechanisms between opioid dependence and mental disorders via Mendelian randomization. Comprehensive bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) studies were conducted between opioid dependence and major mental disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, anorexia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and insomnia. Inverse variance weighted approach was adopted as the primary analytic method with series of sensitivity analyses. Mediation effects of chronic pain along the opioid dependence–mental disorders causal pathway were assessed by multivariate MR and two-step MR. Forward MR identified significant positive causal effects of opioid dependence on insomnia (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = (1.01, 1.05), p = 0.005), while reverse MR showed significant positive causal effects of schizophrenia on opioid dependence (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = (1.07, 1.34), p = 0.002). No significant causal associations were found between opioid dependence and other mental disorders. Neither opioid dependence on insomnia nor schizophrenia on opioid dependence causal pathway was significantly mediated by chronic pain. Higher risks of genetically predicted opioid dependence may lead to higher risks of insomnia, while higher risks of genetically predicted schizophrenia may lead to higher risks of developing opioid dependence. The majority of causal effects were acted directly rather than via chronic pain.

Screening is a crucial step in the cascade of care for people who smoke tobacco or cannabis. In France, general practitioners (GPs) are considered a pillar of tobacco control, and under National Authority of Health guidelines, they are expected to systematically screen their patients for tobacco use. We aimed to assess the frequency of tobacco and cannabis use screening by French GPs and to identify characteristics associated with more frequent screening. From a nationwide random sample of GPs, we estimated the prevalence of self-reported systematic tobacco and cannabis screening. Using logistic regression models, we identified characteristics of GPs associated with systematic screening.

Our study sample comprised 2412 GPs, 74.6% of whom systematically screened their patients for tobacco use, and 34.7% for cannabis use. Systematic tobacco screening was associated with being under 50 years of age, working in a group practice, and using the “early identification and brief intervention” approach. Systematic cannabis screening was associated with being 50–59 years old and using the “early identification and brief intervention” approach. This study highlighted improvements in tobacco and cannabis screening frequencies in comparison to previous French data. Better GP training is an essential lever to ensure these positive trends continue.

Very little research has simultaneously explored the interactions between generalized problematic internet use (GPIU), problematic social media use (PSMU), problematic online gaming (POG), psychological distress, and emotional well-being among university students. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine (i) the associations between GPIU, PSMU, and POG symptoms, (ii) whether symptoms of these three problematic online behaviours form distinct entities, and (iii) whether there are associations between problematic online behaviours, psychological distress symptoms, and emotional role limitations using network analysis. A total of 807 Spanish university students participated (57.7% female; M_age = 21.22 years [SD = 3.68]). Two network models were computed. Network 1 showed a complex interaction of nodes, with particularly strong connections between analogous symptoms of GPIU and PSMU. Symptoms organised into distinct dimensions, featuring a unique dimension for POG symptoms, one that includes preoccupation and a conflict symptom of GPIU, and two other dimensions with symptoms of GPIU and PSMU. Network 2 showed significant connections between GPIU and depression, GPIU and emotional role limitations, PSMU and anxiety, PSMU and emotional role limitations, POG and depression, and POG and anxiety. The findings support the conceptualization of GPIU as a nonspecific disorder, the independence of PSMU and POG as distinct constructs, and aligning with perspectives that separate POG from the GPIU spectrum. The study reinforces the model of compensatory internet use and emphasizes the impact of problematic online behaviours on emotional well-being. The findings have practical implications for the assessment and intervention of problematic online behaviours.

The college stage is characterized by increased interpersonal interaction and intense social anxiety. Although the associations between social anxiety and internet-related addictive behaviors have been established, the question of whether the developmental trajectory of social anxiety is linked to subsequent internet-related addictive behaviors remains unexplored. Utilizing a longitudinal design combined with a person-centered approach, the current study examined the developmental trajectory of social anxiety among 3,861 students throughout their university years. Additionally, we explored the impacts of specific change patterns of social anxiety on subsequent internet-related addictive behaviors. The growth mixture modeling identified three distinct profiles of social anxiety: high-stable group (n=515, 13.33%), high-decreasing group (n=243, 6.30%), and low-decreasing group (n=3103, 80.37%). Furthermore, the results of binary logistic regression analysis revealed that students in the high-decreasing and low-decreasing groups were less likely to experience smartphone addiction and Internet game addiction compared to those in the high-stable group. These findings underscore the importance of identifying individuals with a high risk for social anxiety and providing them with personalized and effective mental health services to mitigate their susceptibility of developing internet-related addictive behaviors.