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MoS2-x/C Nanosheets for Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Therapy of Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis in Mice. MoS2-x/C纳米片抗真菌和抗炎治疗烟曲霉角膜炎小鼠。
IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-10 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S552664
Zhuhui Feng, Jing Lin, Qian Wang, Lina Zhang, Lingwen Gu, Bing Yu, Xueyun Fu, Daohao Li, Guiqiu Zhao, Cui Li

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic potential of sulfur vacancy-molybdenum disulfide/carbon composite nanosheets (MoS2-x/C NS) in Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) keratitis in mice.

Methods: The in vitro antifungal efficacy of MoS2-x/C NS against A. fumigatus was evaluated by propidium iodide (PI) staining, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, and biofilm formation assays. Toxicity assessments of the MoS2-x/C NS were conducted using a Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kit for in vitro cytotoxicity and the Draize eye test for in vivo ocular irritation. The severity of fungal keratitis in mice was assessed using clinical scoring, plate counting, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of MoS2-x/C NS was determined by quantifying inflammatory factor levels using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results: In vitro, MoS2 -x/C NS significantly inhibited A. fumigatus growth, demonstrated favorable biocompatibility, and reduced the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) stimulated by inactivated A. fumigatus hyphae. In vivo, MoS2 -x/C NS treatment significantly reduced fungal load, attenuated pathological corneal damage, and suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α levels, effectively alleviating A. fumigatus keratitis in mice.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MoS2-x/C NS possesses significant therapeutic potential for fungal keratitis mediated through dual antifungal and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, thereby improving the prognosis of A. fumigatus keratitis.

目的:探讨硫空-二硫化钼/碳复合纳米片(MoS2-x/ cns)对烟曲霉角膜炎小鼠的治疗作用。方法:采用碘化丙啶(PI)染色、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测定和生物膜形成试验,评价MoS2-x/C NS对烟曲霉的体外抑菌效果。采用乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)体外细胞毒性测定试剂盒和Draize眼刺激试验对MoS2-x/C NS进行毒性评估。采用临床评分、平板计数、苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色对小鼠真菌性角膜炎的严重程度进行评估。采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)定量检测炎症因子水平,测定MoS2-x/C NS的抗炎作用。结果:在体外,MoS2 -x/C NS显著抑制烟曲霉生长,表现出良好的生物相容性,并降低灭活烟曲霉菌丝刺激的人角膜上皮细胞(HCECs)中IL-6和TNF-α的表达。在体内,MoS2 -x/C NS处理显著降低真菌负荷,减轻病理性角膜损伤,抑制IL-6和TNF-α水平,有效缓解烟曲霉角膜炎小鼠。结论:本研究表明,MoS2-x/C NS通过抗真菌和抗炎双重机制介导的真菌性角膜炎具有显著的治疗潜力,从而改善烟曲霉角膜炎的预后。
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引用次数: 0
A Minireview on Nanosized Hypericin-Based Inducer of Immune Cell Death Under ROS-Based Therapies. 基于纳米金丝桃素的免疫细胞死亡诱导剂在ros治疗中的研究进展
IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S566489
Chuanshan Xu, Xiaowen Cai, Lingran Du

Immunotherapy is emerging as a powerful strategy against cancer; however, its efficacy is often blunted by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Immunogenic cell death (ICD) can tilt this balance by releasing tumor-associated antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns that enhance TME immunogenicity, promote antigen-presenting cell maturation, and activate effector T cells. Ionizing radiation and doxorubicin (Dox) are two types of the common ICD inducers. However, they have severe off-target toxicities and limited therapeutic indices. To overcome these challenges, safe and natural products are now drawing widespread attention. Hypericin, a naturally occurring photosensitizer derived from the traditional Chinese herb Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort), has been used medicinally for centuries, and is now recognized for its potent antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Recent studies have revealed that hypericin can modulate tumor immunity, and when employed in photodynamic therapy (PDT) or sonodynamic therapy (SDT) it generates reactive oxygen species that trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated ICD. Nanocarrier-mediated delivery further amplified these effects by enhancing hypericin solubility, tumor accumulation, and ROS yield upon light irradiation. This minireview synthesizes the current knowledge on the immunomodulatory actions of hypericin within the tumor microenvironment, evaluates its performance as a PDT/SDT-based ICD inducer, and highlights that nanosized formulations of hypericin may accelerate the development of novel ICD inducers and immunomodulators.

免疫疗法正在成为对抗癌症的一种强有力的策略;然而,其疗效往往被免疫抑制肿瘤微环境(TME)所削弱。免疫原性细胞死亡(ICD)可以通过释放肿瘤相关抗原和损伤相关的分子模式来倾斜这种平衡,从而增强TME的免疫原性,促进抗原呈递细胞成熟,并激活效应T细胞。电离辐射和阿霉素是两种常见的ICD诱导剂。然而,它们具有严重的脱靶毒性和有限的治疗指标。为了克服这些挑战,安全和天然的产品正在引起广泛的关注。金丝桃素是一种天然存在的光敏剂,从传统的中国草药贯叶连翘(圣约翰草)中提取,几个世纪以来一直被用于医学上,现在被公认为具有有效的抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎和抗癌特性。最近的研究表明金丝桃素可以调节肿瘤免疫,当用于光动力治疗(PDT)或声动力治疗(SDT)时,它会产生活性氧,引发内质网应激介导的ICD。纳米载体介导的递送通过增强光照射下金丝桃素的溶解度、肿瘤积累和ROS产量进一步放大了这些作用。本文综述了金丝桃素在肿瘤微环境中的免疫调节作用,评估了其作为基于PDT/ sdt的ICD诱导剂的性能,并强调了纳米级金丝桃素可能加速新型ICD诱导剂和免疫调节剂的开发。
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引用次数: 0
Glucose- and Temperature-Sensitive Nanoparticles for Insulin Delivery [Retraction]. 用于胰岛素递送的葡萄糖和温度敏感纳米颗粒[撤回]。
IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S586549

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S132984.].

[本文撤回文章DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S132984.]。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Carbon Dot Nanoparticles for Imaging and Cellular Interaction in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. 探索碳点纳米颗粒在三阴性乳腺癌中的成像和细胞相互作用。
IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S544373
Mehrnoosh Bahadorani, Kerui Wu, Jianjun Wei, Reza Zadegan

Introduction: Carbon dot nanoparticles (CNDs) are widely regarded as biocompatible agents for cellular imaging due to their strong fluorescence and ease of synthesis. However, their biological effects remain insufficiently characterized.

Methods: We synthesized carbon nanodots (E-CNDs) using a microwave-assisted method with citric acid and ethylenediamine. Their intracellular distribution and potential impact on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells were investigated.

Results: After 16 hours of incubation with E-CNDs (up to 0.8 mg/mL), imaging revealed strong perinuclear localization, moderate mitochondrial presence, and no detectable nuclear signal. These observations supported their use in intracellular imaging and motivated further analysis of their biological effects. While CCK-8 assays showed no significant cytotoxicity across concentrations, molecular analysis revealed dose-dependent downregulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and upregulation of procaspase 3, aligning with increased apoptotic activity detected by Annexin V/PI staining.

Conclusion: These results show that although E-CNDs appear non-toxic by standard viability assays and function effectively as imaging agents, they also trigger measurable molecular and apoptotic responses. This underscores that cell viability alone is insufficient to assume biocompatibility. More detailed molecular and functional assessments are needed to establish reliable safety profiles, which are critical for the safe design and evaluation of nanomaterials in biomedical applications.

碳点纳米颗粒(CNDs)由于其强荧光和易于合成而被广泛认为是生物相容性的细胞成像剂。然而,它们的生物学效应仍然没有得到充分的描述。方法:采用微波辅助法制备碳纳米点(E-CNDs),原料为柠檬酸和乙二胺。研究了它们的细胞内分布及其对三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)细胞的潜在影响。结果:与E-CNDs(高达0.8 mg/mL)孵育16小时后,成像显示强烈的核周定位,中等线粒体存在,未检测到核信号。这些观察结果支持了它们在细胞内成像中的应用,并推动了对其生物学效应的进一步分析。虽然CCK-8实验显示不同浓度的细胞毒性不显著,但分子分析显示葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)的剂量依赖性下调和procaspase 3的上调,与Annexin V/PI染色检测到的凋亡活性增加一致。结论:这些结果表明,尽管通过标准活力测定,E-CNDs无毒且具有显像剂的有效功能,但它们也会引发可测量的分子和凋亡反应。这强调了细胞活力本身不足以假设生物相容性。需要更详细的分子和功能评估来建立可靠的安全性概况,这对于生物医学应用中纳米材料的安全设计和评估至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Enhanced Skin Delivery of Mussel Adhesive Protein Modified Pluronic F127 Micelles Loaded with Curcumin for Effective Topical Treatment of Psoriasis. 装载姜黄素的贻贝粘附蛋白修饰Pluronic F127胶束增强皮肤递送,有效局部治疗银屑病。
IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-09 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S563465
Jiangxiu Niu, Ming Yuan, Liye Wang, Pei Zhang, Xingang Cui, Jucai Wang, Xianming Liu

Background: Psoriasis is a long-term inflammatory skin disorder that significantly impacts the physical and psychological well-being of those affected. Curcumin (Cur) is a natural compound that holds promise for the topical management of psoriasis. However, the barrier property of the stratum corneum (SC) and the insufficient retention ability of the drug in the skin have severely restricted the clinical efficacy of Cur. To overcome these limitations, we introduced mussel adhesive protein (MAP) for its superior bioadhesive properties, and developed Cur-loaded MAP modified Pluronic F127 micelles (MAP-F127/Cur) to improve the skin permeation and retention of Cur and enhance the therapeutic effect on psoriasis.

Methods: In this study, MAP-F127 was synthesized via chemical synthesis. MAP-F127/Cur was prepared using the thin-film hydration method, and the physicochemical properties of the formulation were characterized. In addition, porcine skin was employed as an in vitro model to evaluate the skin permeation of the formulation and to elucidate the interaction mechanism between the formulation and the skin. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of the formulation against psoriasis was assessed using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model.

Results: The prepared MAP-F127/Cur had a regular spherical shape and good dispersion, and could efficiently load Cur in the amorphous form. The skin retention of MAP-F127/Cur was notably elevated in comparison to both the Cur-loaded Pluronic F127 micelles (F127/Cur) and Cur solution (p<0.01). Studies on the skin permeation mechanism showed that MAP-F127/Cur could break through the restriction of the skin barrier by regulating lipid arrangement and keratin conformation in the SC, forming a long-acting drug reservoir in the epidermal layer. Furthermore, in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, MAP-F127/Cur demonstrated a significantly enhanced therapeutic effect.

Conclusion: This study not only provides a new delivery strategy for Cur in the treatment of psoriasis, but also offers an important reference for designing transdermal delivery systems for other dermatological drugs.

背景:牛皮癣是一种长期的炎症性皮肤病,严重影响患者的生理和心理健康。姜黄素(Cur)是一种天然化合物,对银屑病的局部管理有希望。然而,角质层(SC)的屏障特性和药物在皮肤中的滞留能力不足严重限制了Cur的临床疗效。为了克服这些限制,我们引入了具有优异生物粘附性能的贻贝粘附蛋白(MAP),并开发了装载Cur的MAP修饰Pluronic F127胶束(MAP-F127/Cur),以提高Cur的皮肤渗透和滞留,提高对银屑病的治疗效果。方法:本研究采用化学合成法合成MAP-F127。采用薄膜水化法制备了MAP-F127/Cur,并对其理化性质进行了表征。并以猪皮肤为体外模型,评价该制剂的皮肤透性,阐明其与皮肤的相互作用机制。此外,用吡喹莫德诱导的银屑病小鼠模型评估了该制剂对银屑病的治疗效果。结果:制备的MAP-F127/Cur具有规则的球形结构和良好的分散性,能有效地以非晶态负载Cur。MAP-F127/Cur的皮肤保留率明显高于curc负载的Pluronic F127胶束(F127/Cur)和Cur溶液(p)。结论:本研究不仅为Cur治疗银屑病提供了一种新的给药策略,也为其他皮肤病药物的透皮给药系统设计提供了重要参考。
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引用次数: 0
Crosstalk Between Extracellular Vesicles and Regulatory T Cells Across Cancers: From Interaction to Therapeutic Potential. 细胞外囊泡和调节性T细胞之间的串扰:从相互作用到治疗潜力。
IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-08 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S562593
Di Liu, Zhixiong Hao, Guangpeng He, Ye Huang

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) play a crucial role in maintaining immune tolerance and regulating immune responses, especially in cancer, where their immunosuppressive function is highly significant. Treg cells accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME), interact with tumor cells and other immune cells, and suppress anti-tumor immunity through various mechanisms, including secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines, direct contact with target cells, and depletion of key nutrients and signaling molecules. Regulating Treg cells has become a novel approach for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles with a lipid bilayer membrane secreted by all cells and play an important role in tumor biology as communication mediators by transmitting proteins, RNA, and other bioactive molecules in TME. In the past years, an increasing amount of research has uncovered the effects of EVs on Treg in TME, greatly enriching our understanding of Treg in tumor progression. Additionally, due to the potential of EVs as "natural nanoparticles" for drug and gene delivery, targeting Treg via an EV-delivery system has become a hotspot. Therefore, we comprehensively summarized the updates on the effects of EVs on Treg in TME and EV-related therapy for tumor treatment.

调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)在维持免疫耐受和调节免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用,特别是在癌症中,它们的免疫抑制功能非常显著。Treg细胞在肿瘤微环境(tumor microenvironment, TME)中积累,与肿瘤细胞及其他免疫细胞相互作用,通过分泌免疫抑制因子、与靶细胞直接接触、耗竭关键营养物质和信号分子等多种机制抑制抗肿瘤免疫。调节Treg细胞已成为增强肿瘤免疫治疗的新途径。细胞外囊泡(Extracellular vesicles, EVs)是由所有细胞分泌的具有脂质双层膜的小囊泡,在肿瘤生物学中作为通讯介质,通过传递蛋白质、RNA和其他生物活性分子在TME中发挥重要作用。近年来,越来越多的研究揭示了ev对TME中Treg的影响,极大地丰富了我们对Treg在肿瘤进展中的认识。此外,由于电动汽车作为药物和基因传递的“天然纳米颗粒”的潜力,通过电动汽车递送系统靶向Treg已成为研究热点。因此,我们综合总结了EVs对TME中Treg的影响以及EVs在肿瘤治疗中的相关治疗的最新进展。
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引用次数: 0
Mitochondria-Targeted Nanosystems in the Treatment of Central Nervous System Diseases. 线粒体靶向纳米系统治疗中枢神经系统疾病。
IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-08 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S562666
Xiaolan Zhang, Jiahui Chen, Bingjie Wan, Yanrong Zheng, Xiaojie Chen

Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a pivotal pathological mechanism underlying diverse diseases, particularly those affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Consequently, therapeutic strategies capable of effectively restoring mitochondrial function hold significant promise for treating CNS disorders. Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful platform in this endeavor, leveraging the modifiability, controllability, and targeting capabilities of nanosystems to intervene at the mitochondrial level. This review delineates the critical role of mitochondrial integrity in CNS pathophysiology and summarizes key mitochondria-targeting strategies, including small-molecule ligands, mitochondrial-penetrating peptides, mitochondrial membrane-derived vesicles, and biomimetic membrane coatings. We also discuss the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted nanosystems in rescuing mitochondrial dysfunction across major CNS conditions, exemplified by neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, ischemic stroke, and traumatic brain injury. Ultimately, this review also points out current translational challenges and future research directions pivotal for advancing mitochondrial nanomedicine. Collectively, this work synthesizes progress in mitochondrial nanotherapeutics, highlighting their transformative potential while outlining critical barriers and opportunities for clinical translation in CNS disorders.

线粒体功能障碍是多种疾病,特别是影响中枢神经系统(CNS)的疾病的关键病理机制。因此,能够有效恢复线粒体功能的治疗策略对于治疗中枢神经系统疾病具有重要的前景。纳米技术在这方面已经成为一个强大的平台,利用纳米系统的可修改性、可控性和靶向性在线粒体水平上进行干预。本文综述了线粒体完整性在中枢神经系统病理生理中的重要作用,并总结了主要的线粒体靶向策略,包括小分子配体、线粒体穿透肽、线粒体膜源性囊泡和仿生膜涂层。我们还讨论了线粒体靶向纳米系统在拯救主要中枢神经系统疾病中线粒体功能障碍的功效,例如神经退行性疾病、脑肿瘤、缺血性中风和创伤性脑损伤。最后,本文还指出了线粒体纳米医学目前面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。总的来说,这项工作综合了线粒体纳米疗法的进展,强调了它们的变革潜力,同时概述了中枢神经系统疾病临床转化的关键障碍和机会。
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引用次数: 0
Carbon Nanomaterials in Biomedicine: Opportunities and Toxicological Concerns. 碳纳米材料在生物医学:机会和毒理学关注。
IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-08 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S552319
Yingze Hou, Can Zhu, Zhean Shen, Yongan Xu, Shiwei Zhou, Xianchun Zhou

Carbon nanomaterials have garnered significant interest from researchers acROSs various disciplines, primarily due to their high specific surface area, versatile surface chemical modifications, and exceptional optical properties. Notable carbon nanomaterials include graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon quantum dots, each exhibiting distinct potential applications within the biomedical domain. Extensive research over the years has positioned these diverse carbon nanoparticles as promising candidates for drug delivery, cancer diagnosis and therapy, tissue engineering, and biosensing, among other applications. Nonetheless, the issue of toxicity associated with carbon nanomaterials presents a pressing challenge that necessitates resolution. Empirical studies indicate that the size, aggregation state, and surface functionalization of carbon nanotubes can influence the biotoxicity and immunotoxicity of carbon nanoparticles within biological systems, thereby impacting their clinical translation and application. To advance the application and clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials within the biomedical field, this review will focus on carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoparticles, and other carbon-based nanomaterials. It will provide a comprehensive summary of their application progress in the biomedical sector, as well as an analysis of their biotoxicity and immunotoxic responses. This synthesis aims to facilitate the clinical translation and application of carbon nanomaterials.

碳纳米材料由于其高比表面积、多用途表面化学修饰和特殊的光学特性,已经引起了各个学科研究人员的极大兴趣。值得注意的碳纳米材料包括石墨烯、碳纳米管和碳量子点,每种材料在生物医学领域都有不同的潜在应用。多年来的广泛研究已经将这些不同的碳纳米颗粒定位为药物输送,癌症诊断和治疗,组织工程和生物传感等应用的有希望的候选者。然而,与碳纳米材料相关的毒性问题提出了一个迫切的挑战,需要解决。实证研究表明,碳纳米管的大小、聚集状态和表面功能化可以影响碳纳米颗粒在生物系统中的生物毒性和免疫毒性,从而影响其临床转化和应用。为了促进碳纳米材料在生物医学领域的应用和临床转化,本文将重点介绍碳量子点、碳纳米管、石墨烯纳米颗粒和其他碳基纳米材料。它将全面总结其在生物医学领域的应用进展,并分析其生物毒性和免疫毒性反应。该合成旨在促进碳纳米材料的临床转化和应用。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated Colorisensing Platform with Microneedles and Metal-Phenol Nanozymes for Point-of-Care Testings of Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Its Drug Inhibitor. 基于微针和金属-酚纳米酶的综合显色平台用于即时检测乙酰胆碱酯酶活性及其药物抑制剂。
IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-07 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S565467
Erlin Chen, Peng Chang, Haibin Xu, Hongxing Xu, Zhiqiang Zhu, Danfeng Shen

Introduction: The detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and the screening of its inhibitors are of significant importance for the diagnosis and drug therapy of nervous system diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to develop a novel, integrated point-of-care testing (POCT) platform to address this need.

Methods: We designed and integrated a colorimetric biosensor (Colorisensor) that combines a microneedle array with a metal-phenol nanozyme. The core sensing element is Iron (III)-polydopamine (Fe-PD) nanorods, which exhibit high peroxidase-like activity. The detection mechanism is based on the AChE-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine (ATCh) to produce thiocholine (TCh), which inhibits the nanozyme's activity. This inhibition prevents the catalytic oxidation of the chromogenic substrate TMB, leading to a measurable color change. A smartphone was utilized to quantify this change via red, green, and blue (RGB) values, creating a rapid and user-friendly platform for detections of AChE activity and its drug inhibitor. The nanorods and microneedle arrays were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, water absorption expansion rate, as well as mechanical property tests.

Results and discussion: The proposed Colorisensor demonstrated excellent analytical performance, including high selectivity and sensitivity with a low detection limit (LOD) of 0.007 mU/mL and a broad linear range from 0.01 to 1000 mU/mL. It was successfully applied to screen berberine hydrochloride as an AChE inhibitor. Crucially, the Colorisensor showed comparable accuracy to the standard Ellman's method and outperformed both traditional assays and emerging nanomaterial-based colorimetric methods by offering a wider detection range and a lower LOD.

Conclusion: This study presents a successful proof-of-concept for an integrated microneedle and nanozyme-based Colorisensor. The platform provides a viable and promising alternative pathway for the early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and the screening of therapeutic drugs, highlighting its significant potential for point-of-care applications.

摘要乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的检测及其抑制剂的筛选对神经系统疾病特别是神经退行性疾病的诊断和药物治疗具有重要意义。本研究旨在开发一种新颖的、综合的护理点检测(POCT)平台来满足这一需求。方法:设计并集成了一种结合微针阵列和金属-酚纳米酶的比色生物传感器(colorissensor)。核心传感元件是铁(III)-聚多巴胺(Fe-PD)纳米棒,具有高过氧化物酶样活性。检测机制是基于乙酰胆碱催化乙酰硫代胆碱(ATCh)水解生成硫代胆碱(TCh),从而抑制纳米酶的活性。这种抑制作用阻止了显色底物TMB的催化氧化,导致可测量的颜色变化。利用智能手机通过红、绿、蓝(RGB)值量化这种变化,创建一个快速、用户友好的检测乙酰胆碱酯酶活性及其药物抑制剂的平台。采用扫描电子显微镜、高分辨率透射电子显微镜、能量色散x射线光谱、紫外可见分光光度计、吸水膨胀率和力学性能测试对纳米棒和微针阵列进行了表征。结果与讨论:该颜色传感器具有较高的选择性和灵敏度,检出限(LOD)为0.007 mU/mL,线性范围为0.01 ~ 1000 mU/mL。成功应用于盐酸小檗碱乙酰胆碱抑制剂的筛选。最重要的是,colorissensor显示出与标准Ellman方法相当的准确性,并且通过提供更宽的检测范围和更低的LOD,优于传统的检测方法和新兴的基于纳米材料的比色方法。结论:这项研究提出了一个成功的概念验证集成微针和纳米酶为基础的颜色传感器。该平台为神经退行性疾病的早期诊断和治疗药物的筛选提供了一个可行且有希望的替代途径,突出了其在护理点应用的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Dual-Spherical Multifunctional Nanomotors for Intravesical Bladder Cancer Therapy. 用于膀胱内膀胱癌治疗的双球形多功能纳米马达。
IF 6.5 2区 医学 Q1 NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-12-06 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S552418
Yiyang Chen, Bin Zheng, Zhenghong Liu, Heng Wang, Lihui Xu, Xiaowen Qin, Li Sun, Haichang Li, Wentao Xu, Yixuan Mou, Chenkai Wang, Xintao Hua, Xuanyi Zhou, Dingyi Liu, Wenyan Zuo, Chunnan Zhang, Pu Zhang, Dahong Zhang

Background: Conventional intravesical chemotherapy for bladder cancer has shown limited clinical efficacy. To overcome this challenge, self-propelled nanomotors, including urease-modified nanomotors, have been developed. These nanomotors enhance drug diffusion in urine, offering advantages over traditional drugs and passive nanoparticles. However, a key issue remains: the inability to maintain long-term urease activity.

Methods: Nanozymes, glucose oxidase, and urease are synthesized into a three-enzyme nanomotors via biomineralization, serving as a power source. Cell membrane nanoparticles loaded with gemcitabine were combined with three-enzyme nanomotors to form dual-spherical nanomotors. TEM, DLS, and analyses of urease/glucose oxidase activity and nanomotor trajectories confirmed successful nanomotor fabrication. These nanomotors can regulate tumor cell glucose metabolism and release gemcitabine upon cellular entry, achieving a dual anticancer effect.

Results: Nanomotors synthesized through biomineralization methods exhibit the ability to retain long-term activity. After intravesical instillation, urease-containing nanomotors decomposed urea to produce carbon dioxide and ammonia, propelling rapid nanoparticle movement for deep bladder wall penetration. The homing ability of the tumor membrane-coated nanoparticles enhanced nanomotor accumulation in tumor cells. Subsequently, the nanomotors release Gox and gemcitabine, which significantly inhibit tumor progression.

Conclusion: This innovative strategy utilizes gemcitabine - loaded nanomotors to penetrate the mucus layer and target tumors, inducing cell death for the treatment of bladder cancer.

背景:膀胱内常规化疗治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效有限。为了克服这一挑战,自主推进的纳米马达,包括脲酶修饰的纳米马达,已经被开发出来。这些纳米马达增强了药物在尿液中的扩散,提供了优于传统药物和被动纳米颗粒的优势。然而,一个关键问题仍然存在:无法维持长期脲酶活性。方法:通过生物矿化将纳米酶、葡萄糖氧化酶和脲酶合成为三酶纳米马达,作为动力源。负载吉西他滨的细胞膜纳米粒子与三酶纳米马达结合,形成双球形纳米马达。TEM、DLS、脲酶/葡萄糖氧化酶活性和纳米运动轨迹分析证实了纳米运动的成功制造。这些纳米马达可以调节肿瘤细胞的糖代谢,并在细胞进入时释放吉西他滨,达到双重抗癌效果。结果:通过生物矿化方法合成的纳米马达具有长期保持活性的能力。经膀胱内灌注后,含脲酶的纳米马达分解尿素产生二氧化碳和氨,推动纳米颗粒快速运动,深入膀胱壁。肿瘤膜包被纳米颗粒的归巢能力增强了纳米运动在肿瘤细胞中的积累。随后,纳米马达释放Gox和吉西他滨,显著抑制肿瘤进展。结论:该创新策略利用负载吉西他滨的纳米马达穿透黏液层,靶向肿瘤,诱导细胞死亡,用于治疗膀胱癌。
{"title":"Dual-Spherical Multifunctional Nanomotors for Intravesical Bladder Cancer Therapy.","authors":"Yiyang Chen, Bin Zheng, Zhenghong Liu, Heng Wang, Lihui Xu, Xiaowen Qin, Li Sun, Haichang Li, Wentao Xu, Yixuan Mou, Chenkai Wang, Xintao Hua, Xuanyi Zhou, Dingyi Liu, Wenyan Zuo, Chunnan Zhang, Pu Zhang, Dahong Zhang","doi":"10.2147/IJN.S552418","DOIUrl":"10.2147/IJN.S552418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conventional intravesical chemotherapy for bladder cancer has shown limited clinical efficacy. To overcome this challenge, self-propelled nanomotors, including urease-modified nanomotors, have been developed. These nanomotors enhance drug diffusion in urine, offering advantages over traditional drugs and passive nanoparticles. However, a key issue remains: the inability to maintain long-term urease activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Nanozymes, glucose oxidase, and urease are synthesized into a three-enzyme nanomotors via biomineralization, serving as a power source. Cell membrane nanoparticles loaded with gemcitabine were combined with three-enzyme nanomotors to form dual-spherical nanomotors. TEM, DLS, and analyses of urease/glucose oxidase activity and nanomotor trajectories confirmed successful nanomotor fabrication. These nanomotors can regulate tumor cell glucose metabolism and release gemcitabine upon cellular entry, achieving a dual anticancer effect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nanomotors synthesized through biomineralization methods exhibit the ability to retain long-term activity. After intravesical instillation, urease-containing nanomotors decomposed urea to produce carbon dioxide and ammonia, propelling rapid nanoparticle movement for deep bladder wall penetration. The homing ability of the tumor membrane-coated nanoparticles enhanced nanomotor accumulation in tumor cells. Subsequently, the nanomotors release Gox and gemcitabine, which significantly inhibit tumor progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This innovative strategy utilizes gemcitabine - loaded nanomotors to penetrate the mucus layer and target tumors, inducing cell death for the treatment of bladder cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14084,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Nanomedicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"14613-14628"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12691648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145742523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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International Journal of Nanomedicine
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