Pub Date : 2018-06-12DOI: 10.13130/2283-3927/10004
M. Gambini, A. Forlani, M. Tecilla, M. Caniatti, P. Roccabianca
Cytological evaluation of splenic lesions is a routine preoperative diagnostic technique. However, few studies have evaluated the utility of diagnostic cytology in canine splenic diseases (Ballegeer et al. , 2007; Christensen et al. , 2009; Watson et al ., 2011). Our aim was to evaluate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of cytology to diagnose canine splenic conditions using histopathology as the gold standard. Splenic cytological samples obtained between January 1998 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Cases were included only when cytology and histology of the same lesion were available. All samples were blindly reviewed. Ninety-two cases were included (65 neoplasms, 27 non-neoplastic lesions) and classified as: 36 true positive, 29 false negative, 26 true negative and 1 false positive. Splenic cytology had a diagnostic accuracy of 67.39%, a sensitivity of 55.38%, a specificity of 96.3%, a positive and negative predictive value of 97.3% and 47.27% (Tab.1). To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting conjunctively accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of cytology in the diagnosis of canine splenic disorders. The major limit of splenic cytology was a reduced sensitivity related to a high number of false negative results that strongly correlate with lesion distribution, size and type and with the blood storage function of the spleen resulting in hematic samples (Bertazzolo et al. , 2005; O’Brien et al. , 2013). Limitations were balanced by high specificity and positive predictive value making splenic cytology a valuable preliminary diagnostic tool to assist further diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in splenic disease.
脾脏病变的细胞学检查是常规的术前诊断技术。然而，很少有研究评估了诊断细胞学在犬脾疾病中的应用(Ballegeer等，2007;Christensen et al.， 2009;Watson et al .， 2011)。我们的目的是评价以组织病理学为金标准的细胞学诊断犬脾疾病的准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值。回顾性评估1998年1月至2018年1月间获得的脾细胞学样本。病例只包括有相同病变的细胞学和组织学资料的病例。所有的样品都被盲检。纳入92例(肿瘤65例，非肿瘤性病变27例)，其中真阳性36例，假阴性29例，真阴性26例，假阳性1例。脾细胞学诊断准确率为67.39%，敏感性为55.38%，特异性为96.3%，阳性预测值为97.3%，阴性预测值为47.27%(表1)。据我们所知，这是第一个报道细胞学诊断犬脾疾病的准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性和阴性预测值的研究。脾细胞学的主要限制是与大量假阴性结果相关的敏感性降低，假阴性结果与病变分布、大小和类型以及脾脏的血液储存功能导致血液样本密切相关(Bertazzolo等人，2005;O 'Brien et al.， 2013)。高特异性和阳性预测值平衡了局限性，使脾细胞学成为有价值的初步诊断工具，有助于进一步诊断和治疗脾疾病。
{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Cytology in Canine Splenic Lesions","authors":"M. Gambini, A. Forlani, M. Tecilla, M. Caniatti, P. Roccabianca","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/10004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/10004","url":null,"abstract":"Cytological evaluation of splenic lesions is a routine preoperative diagnostic technique. However, few studies have evaluated the utility of diagnostic cytology in canine splenic diseases (Ballegeer et al. , 2007; Christensen et al. , 2009; Watson et al ., 2011). Our aim was to evaluate accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of cytology to diagnose canine splenic conditions using histopathology as the gold standard. Splenic cytological samples obtained between January 1998 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Cases were included only when cytology and histology of the same lesion were available. All samples were blindly reviewed. Ninety-two cases were included (65 neoplasms, 27 non-neoplastic lesions) and classified as: 36 true positive, 29 false negative, 26 true negative and 1 false positive. Splenic cytology had a diagnostic accuracy of 67.39%, a sensitivity of 55.38%, a specificity of 96.3%, a positive and negative predictive value of 97.3% and 47.27% (Tab.1). To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting conjunctively accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of cytology in the diagnosis of canine splenic disorders. The major limit of splenic cytology was a reduced sensitivity related to a high number of false negative results that strongly correlate with lesion distribution, size and type and with the blood storage function of the spleen resulting in hematic samples (Bertazzolo et al. , 2005; O’Brien et al. , 2013). Limitations were balanced by high specificity and positive predictive value making splenic cytology a valuable preliminary diagnostic tool to assist further diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in splenic disease.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75833166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding broiler chicken on different vegetable oils with feed additives on the quality characteristics of chicken meat. A total of 216 one-day-old chicks of ( Hubbard ) strain were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments as (2×3) factorial designs where two sources of dietary oil with three levels of commercial multi-enzyme feed additives. Treatments were: soybean oil only (T1), soybean oil+ ZAD (T2), soybean oil+ AmPhi-BACT (T3), palm oil only (T4), palm oil + ZAD (T5) and palm oil + AmPhi- BACT (T6). Results showed that feeding broiler chicken on different types of dietary oils had significant effect on the fatty acid profile of broiler chicken meat. UFA/SFA ration of broiler chicken groups (T4, T5adT6) were significantly lower compared with (T1, T2 and T3) groups. Broiler fed on soybean oil had significantly higher n-6: n-3 ration compared with broiler fed on palm oil. Regardless of the source of dietary oil, significant differences were observed in the most of fatty acid profile in the chicken meat among levels of commercial multi- enzyme feed additives. Meat of T5and T6 had the higher pH value, followed by meat of T1and T3 groups, while the lowest pH value found in meat of T2 and T4. The higher cooking loss was found in meat of T4 while, meat of T5had the lowest value. Data of chilling loss indicated that the differences between dietary treatments were not significantly different except for meat of T6 which had the higher chilling loss. No significant differences were found in color measurements between dietary treatments.
{"title":"Fatty acids profile and quality characteristics of broiler chicken meat fed different dietary oil sources with some additives","authors":"E. Zaki, A. Faham, Nematallah Gamal Mohmed","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/9581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/9581","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out to investigate the effect of feeding broiler chicken on different vegetable oils with feed additives on the quality characteristics of chicken meat. A total of 216 one-day-old chicks of ( Hubbard ) strain were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments as (2×3) factorial designs where two sources of dietary oil with three levels of commercial multi-enzyme feed additives. Treatments were: soybean oil only (T1), soybean oil+ ZAD (T2), soybean oil+ AmPhi-BACT (T3), palm oil only (T4), palm oil + ZAD (T5) and palm oil + AmPhi- BACT (T6). Results showed that feeding broiler chicken on different types of dietary oils had significant effect on the fatty acid profile of broiler chicken meat. UFA/SFA ration of broiler chicken groups (T4, T5adT6) were significantly lower compared with (T1, T2 and T3) groups. Broiler fed on soybean oil had significantly higher n-6: n-3 ration compared with broiler fed on palm oil. Regardless of the source of dietary oil, significant differences were observed in the most of fatty acid profile in the chicken meat among levels of commercial multi- enzyme feed additives. Meat of T5and T6 had the higher pH value, followed by meat of T1and T3 groups, while the lowest pH value found in meat of T2 and T4. The higher cooking loss was found in meat of T4 while, meat of T5had the lowest value. Data of chilling loss indicated that the differences between dietary treatments were not significantly different except for meat of T6 which had the higher chilling loss. No significant differences were found in color measurements between dietary treatments.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86658128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cholesterol is one of the important components of biological membranes. It is associated with milk fat in milk and milk products. Cholesterol present in animal origin foods undergoes autoxidation during processing as well as during storage yielding toxic products commonly known as cholesterol oxidation products (COPs). The COPs are significantly affected the human health such as atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases etc. Various methods are reported in literature for determination of cholesterol and its oxidation products in milk and milk products.
{"title":"Cholesterol and its oxidation products: occurrence and analysis in milk and milk products","authors":"Krupaben M. Shingla, B. Mehta","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/9324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/9324","url":null,"abstract":"Cholesterol is one of the important components of biological membranes. It is associated with milk fat in milk and milk products. Cholesterol present in animal origin foods undergoes autoxidation during processing as well as during storage yielding toxic products commonly known as cholesterol oxidation products (COPs). The COPs are significantly affected the human health such as atherosclerosis, inflammation, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases etc. Various methods are reported in literature for determination of cholesterol and its oxidation products in milk and milk products.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84641741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding broiler chicken on different vegetable oils with commercial multi- enzyme feed additives on the quality characteristics of chicken burger. A total of 216 one-day-old chicks of (Hubbard) strain were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments as (2×3) factorial designs where two sources of dietary oil contained soybean oil and palm oil with three levels of commercial multi-enzyme feed additives. Treatments were: soybean oil only (T1), soybean oil+ ZAD (T2), soybean oil+ AmPhi-BACT (T3), palm oil only (T4) , palm oil + ZAD (T5) and palm oil + AmPhi- BACT (T6). Results showed that chicken burger of T1 group had the higher pH value (6.22); slight difference was found in pH value of T3 group (6.18). No significant difference was found in burger of T5 and T6 group. Burger processed from T1 group had the higher T.B.A value (0.115) followed by burger of T5 (0.076); while the lowest T.B.A value found in burger of T2 group (0.031). No significant differences were found in shrinkage measurements. Burger processed from T6 group had the higher score of sensory attributes and overall acceptability, while the differences between the other burger groups were not significant.
{"title":"Quality characteristics of chicken burger processed from broiler chicken fed on different types of vegetable oils and feed additives","authors":"E. Zaki, A. Faham, Nematallah Gamal Mohmed","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/9250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/9250","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding broiler chicken on different vegetable oils with commercial multi- enzyme feed additives on the quality characteristics of chicken burger. A total of 216 one-day-old chicks of (Hubbard) strain were randomly assigned to six dietary treatments as (2×3) factorial designs where two sources of dietary oil contained soybean oil and palm oil with three levels of commercial multi-enzyme feed additives. Treatments were: soybean oil only (T1), soybean oil+ ZAD (T2), soybean oil+ AmPhi-BACT (T3), palm oil only (T4) , palm oil + ZAD (T5) and palm oil + AmPhi- BACT (T6). Results showed that chicken burger of T1 group had the higher pH value (6.22); slight difference was found in pH value of T3 group (6.18). No significant difference was found in burger of T5 and T6 group. Burger processed from T1 group had the higher T.B.A value (0.115) followed by burger of T5 (0.076); while the lowest T.B.A value found in burger of T2 group (0.031). No significant differences were found in shrinkage measurements. Burger processed from T6 group had the higher score of sensory attributes and overall acceptability, while the differences between the other burger groups were not significant.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":"os-9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87187802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. S. Adjou, Grâce Metome, Bertin A. Gbaguidi, E. Dahouénon-Ahoussi, D. Sohounhloué
Pigeon pea is a perennial legume with a good nutritional value. Unfortunately, it is also a substrate for fungi contamination. Then, a qualitative semi-structured survey was carried out in the main production areas of pigeon pea in southern Benin. This survey was coupled with samples collection. A total of 60 samples of pigeon pea were collected and analyzed for associated fungal microflora by using a taxonomic schemes primarily based on morphological characters of mycelium and conidia. Obtained results indicated a low technological valorization of pigeon pea seeds in southern Benin and their used only in direct consumption after cooking. Microbiological analyses revealed the high contamination of pigeon pea seeds by fungi, with the most occurrence of Aspergillus (71.42%), followed by Fusarium (26.19%). Fungal species such as Aspergillus ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. flavus and Fusarium oxysporum were also detected in analyzed samples. Taking into account the toxicity of the secondary metabolites produced by these fungi, mycological hazards are discussed and important methods for the control of mycotoxin-contamination are further provided. More attention should be paid to the mycological quality of this legume, in order to protect the consumers’ health.
{"title":"Evaluation of the fungal microflora infesting pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L. Millspaugh) in southern Benin and associated mycological hazards","authors":"E. S. Adjou, Grâce Metome, Bertin A. Gbaguidi, E. Dahouénon-Ahoussi, D. Sohounhloué","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8798","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8798","url":null,"abstract":"Pigeon pea is a perennial legume with a good nutritional value. Unfortunately, it is also a substrate for fungi contamination. Then, a qualitative semi-structured survey was carried out in the main production areas of pigeon pea in southern Benin. This survey was coupled with samples collection. A total of 60 samples of pigeon pea were collected and analyzed for associated fungal microflora by using a taxonomic schemes primarily based on morphological characters of mycelium and conidia. Obtained results indicated a low technological valorization of pigeon pea seeds in southern Benin and their used only in direct consumption after cooking. Microbiological analyses revealed the high contamination of pigeon pea seeds by fungi, with the most occurrence of Aspergillus (71.42%), followed by Fusarium (26.19%). Fungal species such as Aspergillus ochraceus, A. parasiticus, A. flavus and Fusarium oxysporum were also detected in analyzed samples. Taking into account the toxicity of the secondary metabolites produced by these fungi, mycological hazards are discussed and important methods for the control of mycotoxin-contamination are further provided. More attention should be paid to the mycological quality of this legume, in order to protect the consumers’ health.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":"244 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80557139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Md. Zulfekar Ali, S. Sultana, Md. Rezaul Karim, Md. Zakir Hassan, Md. Abu Yousuf, A. Hossen, M. A. Samad, M. Giasuddin, Md Mostafizer Rahman
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a highly economical and persistent threat of poultry industry in Bangladesh. Indirect ELISA (iELISA) and Serum plate agglutination test (SPA) is available serological test for diagnosis of MG antibodies. The aim of this research was conducted on the basis of comparison on diagnosis results between iELISA and SPA test for MG antibody in same sample in layer chicken. Total 563 serum samples were collected and tested for MG antibody by both iELISA and SPA test. Out of 563 samples 363 (64.48%) samples were positive by iELISA and 316 (56.13%) samples were positive in SPA test. The higher incidence of MG antibody was found in chicken at 50-56 weeks and flock size was 3000-4200 as 69.63% by iELISA and 61.21% by SPA and in Sonali breeds 69.08% by iELISA and 60.64% by SPA. The results showed the comparatively higher number of positive results in iELISA test than SPA test. So the findings of the study demonstrated that a significant (p<0.05) difference between iELISA and SPA test present. The study may helpful for screening the flock for MG and small-holding farmers may use SPA test rather than iELISA test due to rapid, easy and cost effective.
{"title":"Compared the effect of indirect ELISA and serum plate agglutination (SPA) test for the detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in chicken","authors":"Md. Zulfekar Ali, S. Sultana, Md. Rezaul Karim, Md. Zakir Hassan, Md. Abu Yousuf, A. Hossen, M. A. Samad, M. Giasuddin, Md Mostafizer Rahman","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8975","url":null,"abstract":"Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is a highly economical and persistent threat of poultry industry in Bangladesh. Indirect ELISA (iELISA) and Serum plate agglutination test (SPA) is available serological test for diagnosis of MG antibodies. The aim of this research was conducted on the basis of comparison on diagnosis results between iELISA and SPA test for MG antibody in same sample in layer chicken. Total 563 serum samples were collected and tested for MG antibody by both iELISA and SPA test. Out of 563 samples 363 (64.48%) samples were positive by iELISA and 316 (56.13%) samples were positive in SPA test. The higher incidence of MG antibody was found in chicken at 50-56 weeks and flock size was 3000-4200 as 69.63% by iELISA and 61.21% by SPA and in Sonali breeds 69.08% by iELISA and 60.64% by SPA. The results showed the comparatively higher number of positive results in iELISA test than SPA test. So the findings of the study demonstrated that a significant (p<0.05) difference between iELISA and SPA test present. The study may helpful for screening the flock for MG and small-holding farmers may use SPA test rather than iELISA test due to rapid, easy and cost effective.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86470423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional in vitro two-dimensional (2-D) culture systems only partly imitate the physiological and biochemical features of cells in their original tissue. In vivo, in organs and tissues, cells are surrounded by a three-dimensional (3-D) organization of supporting matrix and neighbouring cells, and a gradient of chemical and mechanical signals. Furthermore, the presence of blood flow and mechanical movement provides a dynamic environment (Jong et al. , 2011). In contrast, traditional in vitro culture, carried out on 2-D plastic or glass substrates, typically provides a static environment, which, however is the base of the present understanding of many biological processes, tissue homeostasis as well as disease. It is clear that this is not an exact representation of what is happening in vivo and the microenvironment provided by in vitro cell culture models are significantly different and can cause deviations in cell response and behaviour from those distinctive of in vivo tissues. In order to translate the present basic knowledge in cell control, cell repair and regeneration from the laboratory bench to the clinical application, we need a better understanding of the cell and tissue interactions. This implies a detailed comprehension of the natural tissue environment, with its organization and local signals, in order to more closely mimic what happens in vivo, developing more physiological models for efficient in vitro systems. In particular, it is imperative to understand the role of the environmental cues which can be mainly divided into those of a chemical and mechanical nature.
传统的体外二维(2-D)培养系统只能部分模仿细胞在原始组织中的生理生化特征。在体内，在器官和组织中，细胞被支持基质和邻近细胞的三维(3-D)组织以及化学和机械信号梯度所包围。此外，血流和机械运动的存在提供了一个动态环境(Jong et al.， 2011)。相比之下，在二维塑料或玻璃基质上进行的传统体外培养通常提供静态环境，然而，这是目前对许多生物过程，组织稳态以及疾病的理解的基础。很明显，这并不能准确地反映体内发生的情况，体外细胞培养模型提供的微环境与体内组织的微环境明显不同，并可能导致细胞反应和行为的偏差。为了将目前在细胞控制、细胞修复和再生方面的基础知识从实验室工作台转化为临床应用，我们需要更好地了解细胞和组织的相互作用。这意味着对自然组织环境及其组织和局部信号的详细理解，以便更紧密地模拟体内发生的事情，为有效的体外系统开发更多的生理模型。特别是，必须了解环境线索的作用，环境线索主要可分为化学性质和机械性质。
{"title":"Bridging the gap between cell culture and live tissue","authors":"S. Przyborski, F. Gandolfi, T. Brevini","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8518","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional in vitro two-dimensional (2-D) culture systems only partly imitate the physiological and biochemical features of cells in their original tissue. In vivo, in organs and tissues, cells are surrounded by a three-dimensional (3-D) organization of supporting matrix and neighbouring cells, and a gradient of chemical and mechanical signals. Furthermore, the presence of blood flow and mechanical movement provides a dynamic environment (Jong et al. , 2011). In contrast, traditional in vitro culture, carried out on 2-D plastic or glass substrates, typically provides a static environment, which, however is the base of the present understanding of many biological processes, tissue homeostasis as well as disease. It is clear that this is not an exact representation of what is happening in vivo and the microenvironment provided by in vitro cell culture models are significantly different and can cause deviations in cell response and behaviour from those distinctive of in vivo tissues. In order to translate the present basic knowledge in cell control, cell repair and regeneration from the laboratory bench to the clinical application, we need a better understanding of the cell and tissue interactions. This implies a detailed comprehension of the natural tissue environment, with its organization and local signals, in order to more closely mimic what happens in vivo, developing more physiological models for efficient in vitro systems. In particular, it is imperative to understand the role of the environmental cues which can be mainly divided into those of a chemical and mechanical nature.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76627999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Tocci, C. Sargentini, A. Martini, M. Campostrini, E. Pippi, V. Iaconisi, A. Bonelli, A. Giorgetti
Pecora dell’Amiata sheep is registered in the Regional population register of the autochthonous endangered sheep and goat breeds, and it is a double purpose breed (meat and milk). It derives from the mount Amiata area in Tuscany. In Tuscany the sheep meat consumption occurs in particular in Easter and in Christmas time. Because of the new markets, ewe meat has shown in the last years a consumption increase. In Italy, the more consumed ovine meat is the suckling lamb meat. In the last years, this kind of meat production and consumption decreased in Italy, but the ewe meat consumption has been slowly increased, because of the spread of typical regional food, and the new market needs. The trial was performed with ewes and lambs deriving from the local breed Pecora dell’Amiata. In this work, the Musculus longissimus dorsi ( M. longissimus thoracis + lomborum ) physical-chemical and nutritional characteristics of 23 ewes and 20 lambs were compared. The ewes of the trial were over 7 years old while the lambs were on average 80 days old. Ewe meat has shown lower drip loss (4.14 vs 2.71%) and lightness (L* 38.6 vs 45.3) values, and higher PH (6.15±0.07), shear force (8.4 vs 2.31 kg), fat content (5.9 vs 2.0%). The lamb meat lipids had higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content (PUFA: 14.58 vs 9.25%) and higher PUFA/Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) ratio (0.31 vs 0.20). The PCA analysis identified two distinct groups regarding ewe and lamb meat respectively for the fatty acids composition and the health indices. Ewe meat showed dietetic and nutritional characteristics similar to that of lamb meat. These characteristics may allow in the future, to the ewe meat valorisation, now not appreciated by Tuscan and Italian market.
Pecora dell 'Amiata羊在本地濒危绵羊和山羊品种的区域人口登记册中登记，它是一个双重用途品种(肉和奶)。它起源于托斯卡纳的阿米亚塔山地区。在托斯卡纳，食用羊肉尤其发生在复活节和圣诞节期间。由于新市场的出现，去年母羊肉的消费量有所增加。在意大利，食用较多的羊肉是乳羊肉。在过去的几年里，这类肉类的生产和消费在意大利有所减少，但母羊肉类的消费却在缓慢增加，因为典型的区域食品的传播，以及新的市场需求。试验用当地品种Pecora dell 'Amiata的母羊和羔羊进行。本研究比较了23只母羊和20只羔羊背最长肌(胸长肌+隆肌)的理化和营养特性。试验母羊年龄均在7岁以上，羔羊平均年龄为80日龄。母羊肉的滴漏损失(4.14 vs 2.71%)和轻度(L* 38.6 vs 45.3)值较低，PH值(6.15±0.07)、剪切力(8.4 vs 2.31 kg)、脂肪含量(5.9 vs 2.0%)较高。羔羊肉脂质具有较高的多不饱和脂肪酸含量(PUFA: 14.58 vs 9.25%)和较高的PUFA/饱和脂肪酸(SFA)比值(0.31 vs 0.20)。主成分分析表明，母羊和羔羊肉的脂肪酸组成和健康指数不同。母羊肉的营养特征与羔羊肉相似。这些特点可能允许在未来，母羊肉的价格上涨，现在不欣赏托斯卡纳和意大利市场。
{"title":"Quality characteristics of the Musculus longissimus dorsi from Pecora dell’Amiata reared in Tuscany","authors":"R. Tocci, C. Sargentini, A. Martini, M. Campostrini, E. Pippi, V. Iaconisi, A. Bonelli, A. Giorgetti","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8501","url":null,"abstract":"Pecora dell’Amiata sheep is registered in the Regional population register of the autochthonous endangered sheep and goat breeds, and it is a double purpose breed (meat and milk). It derives from the mount Amiata area in Tuscany. In Tuscany the sheep meat consumption occurs in particular in Easter and in Christmas time. Because of the new markets, ewe meat has shown in the last years a consumption increase. In Italy, the more consumed ovine meat is the suckling lamb meat. In the last years, this kind of meat production and consumption decreased in Italy, but the ewe meat consumption has been slowly increased, because of the spread of typical regional food, and the new market needs. The trial was performed with ewes and lambs deriving from the local breed Pecora dell’Amiata. In this work, the Musculus longissimus dorsi ( M. longissimus thoracis + lomborum ) physical-chemical and nutritional characteristics of 23 ewes and 20 lambs were compared. The ewes of the trial were over 7 years old while the lambs were on average 80 days old. Ewe meat has shown lower drip loss (4.14 vs 2.71%) and lightness (L* 38.6 vs 45.3) values, and higher PH (6.15±0.07), shear force (8.4 vs 2.31 kg), fat content (5.9 vs 2.0%). The lamb meat lipids had higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content (PUFA: 14.58 vs 9.25%) and higher PUFA/Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) ratio (0.31 vs 0.20). The PCA analysis identified two distinct groups regarding ewe and lamb meat respectively for the fatty acids composition and the health indices. Ewe meat showed dietetic and nutritional characteristics similar to that of lamb meat. These characteristics may allow in the future, to the ewe meat valorisation, now not appreciated by Tuscan and Italian market.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81305542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spatial dependence of located health and/or genetic data can be used to detect clusters likely to reveal disease prevalence or signatures of adaptation possibly associated with characteristics of the local environment (high temperatures, air or water pollution), be it in humans or animals (Murtaugh et al . 2017). Most often, geographic maps are produced to represent health data. Medical information is transmitted through thematic choropleth maps. For instance administrative units are colored according to the variable of interest. But it is key to analyse health and/or genetic data by explicitly including geographic characteristics (distances, co-location) and also the potential and power of spatial statistics to detect specific patterns in the geographic distribution of disease occurrences (“make visible the invisible”). A classic example using clusters is the map produced by John Snow (Snow 1855) showing the number of deaths caused by a cholera outbreak in London. Looking at a detail of Snow's original map, it is possible to realize how he graphically represented the number of deaths, with short bold lines representing death occurrences (frequencies forming a kind of histogram) placed on the street at the addresses where it happened - what we currently name georeferencing. A cluster of death people is an effect observed on the territory, and the existence of such a cluster depends on an infected water pump located at the same place (the cause). How can this spatial dependence be detected and measured? It is possible to identify spatial patterns in the geographic space by means of spatial statistics. We need to determine whether the variable of interest is randomly distributed or spatially dependent, and to check if the patterns observed are robust to random permutations. We also need to explore the data, to find out what is the range of influence of this spatial dependence. Here we focus on the functioning of one among several measures of spatial autocorrelation named Moran’s (Moran 1950). Moran’s I translates the global relationship between the behavior of points and of their neighborhood. Measures of spatial dependence are key to detect and visualize spatial patterns in health and/or genetic data because spatial statistics can reveal signals that remain often hidden using thematic mapping. On the basis of the clusters highlighted by these exploratory methods, it is possible to formulate hypotheses about possible environmental or socio-economic causes and to test them with the help of confirmatory statistics. «Ideas come from previous explorations» John Tukey said in a paper published in 1980 in The American Statistician, in a paper entitled «We Need Both Exploratory and Confirmatory» (Tukey 1980). First explore and then confirm was already the reasoning applied by John Snow to detect death "hot spots" in London, which then allowed him to hypothesize that a particular water pump was infected, and finally to take public health steps to check
{"title":"Spatial dependence of genetic data related to human health and livestock disease resistance: a role for geography to support the One Health approach","authors":"S. Joost","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8529","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial dependence of located health and/or genetic data can be used to detect clusters likely to reveal disease prevalence or signatures of adaptation possibly associated with characteristics of the local environment (high temperatures, air or water pollution), be it in humans or animals (Murtaugh et al . 2017). Most often, geographic maps are produced to represent health data. Medical information is transmitted through thematic choropleth maps. For instance administrative units are colored according to the variable of interest. But it is key to analyse health and/or genetic data by explicitly including geographic characteristics (distances, co-location) and also the potential and power of spatial statistics to detect specific patterns in the geographic distribution of disease occurrences (“make visible the invisible”). A classic example using clusters is the map produced by John Snow (Snow 1855) showing the number of deaths caused by a cholera outbreak in London. Looking at a detail of Snow's original map, it is possible to realize how he graphically represented the number of deaths, with short bold lines representing death occurrences (frequencies forming a kind of histogram) placed on the street at the addresses where it happened - what we currently name georeferencing. A cluster of death people is an effect observed on the territory, and the existence of such a cluster depends on an infected water pump located at the same place (the cause). How can this spatial dependence be detected and measured? It is possible to identify spatial patterns in the geographic space by means of spatial statistics. We need to determine whether the variable of interest is randomly distributed or spatially dependent, and to check if the patterns observed are robust to random permutations. We also need to explore the data, to find out what is the range of influence of this spatial dependence. Here we focus on the functioning of one among several measures of spatial autocorrelation named Moran’s (Moran 1950). Moran’s I translates the global relationship between the behavior of points and of their neighborhood. Measures of spatial dependence are key to detect and visualize spatial patterns in health and/or genetic data because spatial statistics can reveal signals that remain often hidden using thematic mapping. On the basis of the clusters highlighted by these exploratory methods, it is possible to formulate hypotheses about possible environmental or socio-economic causes and to test them with the help of confirmatory statistics. «Ideas come from previous explorations» John Tukey said in a paper published in 1980 in The American Statistician, in a paper entitled «We Need Both Exploratory and Confirmatory» (Tukey 1980). First explore and then confirm was already the reasoning applied by John Snow to detect death \"hot spots\" in London, which then allowed him to hypothesize that a particular water pump was infected, and finally to take public health steps to check","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76674901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human tissues are mostly composed of different cell types, that are often highly organised in relation to each other. Often cells are arranged in distinct layers that enable signalling and cell-to-cell interactions. Here we describe the application of scaffold-based technology, that can be used to create advanced organotypic 3D models of various tissue types that more closely resemble in vivo-like conditions (Knight et al ., 2011). The scaffold comprises a highly porous polystyrene material, engineered into a 200 micron thick membrane that is presented in various ways including multi-welled plates and well inserts, for use with conventional culture plasticware and medium perfusion systems. This technology has been applied to generate numerous unique types of co-culture model. For example: 1) a full thickness human skin construct comprising dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes, raised to the air-liquid interface to induce cornification of the upper layers (Fig.1) (Hill et al ., 2015); 2) a neuron-glial co-culture to enable the study of neurite outgrowth interacting with astroglial cells to model and investigate the glial scar found in spinal cord injury (Clarke et al ., 2016); 3) formation of a sub-mucosa consisting of a polarised simple epithelium, layer of ECM proteins simulating the basement membrane, and underlying stromal tissues (e.g. intestinal mucosa). These organotypic models demonstrate the versatility of scaffold membranes and the creation of advanced in vivo-like tissue models. Creating a layered arrangement more closely simulates the true anatomy and organisation of cells within many tissue types. The addition of different cell types in a temporal and spatial fashion can be used to study inter-cellular relationships and create more physiologically relevant in vivo-like cell-based assays. Methods that are relatively straightforward to use and that recreate the organised structure of real tissues will become valuable research tools for use in discovery, validation studies, and modeling disease.
人体组织主要由不同类型的细胞组成，这些细胞之间通常是高度组织的。细胞通常被排列成不同的层，使信号传导和细胞间的相互作用成为可能。在这里，我们描述了基于支架技术的应用，该技术可用于创建各种组织类型的先进器官型3D模型，这些模型更接近于活体条件(Knight et al .， 2011)。支架由高度多孔的聚苯乙烯材料组成，设计成200微米厚的膜，以多种方式呈现，包括多孔板和孔插入，用于传统的培养塑料器皿和介质灌注系统。该技术已被应用于产生许多独特类型的共培养模型。例如:1)由真皮成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞组成的全层人体皮肤结构，升高到气液界面以诱导上层的角化(图1)(Hill et al .， 2015);2)神经元-胶质共培养，研究神经突生长与星形胶质细胞相互作用，以模拟和研究脊髓损伤中的胶质瘢痕(Clarke et al .， 2016);3)形成由极化单层上皮、模拟基底膜的ECM蛋白层和下层间质组织(如肠黏膜)组成的亚粘膜。这些器官型模型展示了支架膜的多功能性和先进的体内样组织模型的创建。在许多组织类型中，创建一个更接近地模拟真实解剖结构和细胞组织的分层排列。以时间和空间方式添加不同的细胞类型可用于研究细胞间关系，并创建更多生理相关的基于活体细胞的分析。使用起来相对简单，并且能够重建真实组织的有组织结构的方法将成为有价值的研究工具，用于发现、验证研究和疾病建模。
{"title":"Advanced cell culture technology for generation of in vivo-like tissue models","authors":"S. Przyborski","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8524","url":null,"abstract":"Human tissues are mostly composed of different cell types, that are often highly organised in relation to each other. Often cells are arranged in distinct layers that enable signalling and cell-to-cell interactions. Here we describe the application of scaffold-based technology, that can be used to create advanced organotypic 3D models of various tissue types that more closely resemble in vivo-like conditions (Knight et al ., 2011). The scaffold comprises a highly porous polystyrene material, engineered into a 200 micron thick membrane that is presented in various ways including multi-welled plates and well inserts, for use with conventional culture plasticware and medium perfusion systems. This technology has been applied to generate numerous unique types of co-culture model. For example: 1) a full thickness human skin construct comprising dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes, raised to the air-liquid interface to induce cornification of the upper layers (Fig.1) (Hill et al ., 2015); 2) a neuron-glial co-culture to enable the study of neurite outgrowth interacting with astroglial cells to model and investigate the glial scar found in spinal cord injury (Clarke et al ., 2016); 3) formation of a sub-mucosa consisting of a polarised simple epithelium, layer of ECM proteins simulating the basement membrane, and underlying stromal tissues (e.g. intestinal mucosa). These organotypic models demonstrate the versatility of scaffold membranes and the creation of advanced in vivo-like tissue models. Creating a layered arrangement more closely simulates the true anatomy and organisation of cells within many tissue types. The addition of different cell types in a temporal and spatial fashion can be used to study inter-cellular relationships and create more physiologically relevant in vivo-like cell-based assays. Methods that are relatively straightforward to use and that recreate the organised structure of real tissues will become valuable research tools for use in discovery, validation studies, and modeling disease.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73491326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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