Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20221102.12
Mohammed Umar Faruk, Ladan Ibrahim Fakai
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Effect of Fibre Architecture on the Tensile Properties of Sisal Fibre Reinforced Polyethylene Polymer Composite","authors":"Mohammed Umar Faruk, Ladan Ibrahim Fakai","doi":"10.11648/j.ijmsa.20221102.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20221102.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14116,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials Science and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75080403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20221101.15
B. Niang, Abdou Karim Farota, Abdoul Karim Mbodji, Nicola Schiavone, H. Askanian, V. Verney, Diène Ndiaye, Abdoulaye Bouya Diop, B. Diop
{"title":"Contribution to the Study of the Thermal, Rheological and Morphological Properties of Biocomposites Based on Typha/PP","authors":"B. Niang, Abdou Karim Farota, Abdoul Karim Mbodji, Nicola Schiavone, H. Askanian, V. Verney, Diène Ndiaye, Abdoulaye Bouya Diop, B. Diop","doi":"10.11648/j.ijmsa.20221101.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20221101.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14116,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials Science and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81346195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.32732/jma.2021.10.2.90
A. Faeghinia, E. Jabbari
Two frites with 40 wt.%SiO2-20 wt.%B2O3-17 wt.%Na2O (G1) and 42wt.%SiO2-24wt.%BaO-18 wt.%CoO (G2) compositions were prepared and applied on stainless steel by the slurry method. The samples were heated at 950ºC (G2) and 860ºC (G1). The XRD results revealed the sodium silicate and barium silicate phases as well as almost 770 HV, 543 HV microhardness in G1 and G2 coats respectively. The thermal expansion coefficients were α=10.9×10-6/K(G1) and α=13.31×10-6/K (G2) respectively. According to EDS results the alkaline earth ions (and CoO) migration into the glass- steel interface was occurred in both coats. The dry sliding friction and wear behavior were investigated using a 4mm diameter AISI52100 steel pin on disk geometry under 5,10 and 18 N loads. The average wear rate were w.r: 32 ×10-14(m3/N.m) and w.r:5×10-14(m3/N.m) in G1 and G2 coats. Then two frites were mixed and heat treated at 800ºC with high heating and cooling rate. The resulted composite (G1-G2) shows almost the average wear rate 4×10-14(m3/N.m), while the coefficient friction of G1-G2 composite was not improved significantly.
{"title":"Suitable Na2O-SiO2, BaO-SiO2 Based Coatings for Stainless Steels","authors":"A. Faeghinia, E. Jabbari","doi":"10.32732/jma.2021.10.2.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32732/jma.2021.10.2.90","url":null,"abstract":"Two frites with 40 wt.%SiO2-20 wt.%B2O3-17 wt.%Na2O (G1) and 42wt.%SiO2-24wt.%BaO-18 wt.%CoO (G2) compositions were prepared and applied on stainless steel by the slurry method. The samples were heated at 950ºC (G2) and 860ºC (G1). The XRD results revealed the sodium silicate and barium silicate phases as well as almost 770 HV, 543 HV microhardness in G1 and G2 coats respectively. The thermal expansion coefficients were α=10.9×10-6/K(G1) and α=13.31×10-6/K (G2) respectively. According to EDS results the alkaline earth ions (and CoO) migration into the glass- steel interface was occurred in both coats. The dry sliding friction and wear behavior were investigated using a 4mm diameter AISI52100 steel pin on disk geometry under 5,10 and 18 N loads. The average wear rate were w.r: 32 ×10-14(m3/N.m) and w.r:5×10-14(m3/N.m) in G1 and G2 coats. Then two frites were mixed and heat treated at 800ºC with high heating and cooling rate. The resulted composite (G1-G2) shows almost the average wear rate 4×10-14(m3/N.m), while the coefficient friction of G1-G2 composite was not improved significantly.","PeriodicalId":14116,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials Science and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77514666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.32732/jma.2021.10.2.63
C. Vazquez, E. Zelaya, A. Fortis, P. Bozzano
Due to low neutron absorption cross section, high mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity and good corrosion resistance in water and steam, Zirconium alloys are widely used as fuel cladding material in nuclear reactors. During life-time of a reactor the microstructure of this alloy is affected due to, among other factors, radiation damage and hydrogen damage. In this work mechanical properties changes on neutron irradiated Zr-1wt.% Nb at low temperatures (< 100 °C) and low dose (3.5 ´ 1023 n m-2 (E > 1 MeV)) were correlated with hydrides and crystal defects evolution during irradiation. To achieve this propose, tensile tests of: 1) Non-hydrided and non-irradiated material, 2) Hydrided and non-irradiated material and 3) Hydrided and irradiated material were performed at 25 ºC and 300 ºC. Different phases, hydrides and second phase precipitates were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. For the hydrided and irradiated material, the ductility decreased sharply with respect to the hydrided and non-irradiated material, among other factors, due to the change in the microstructure produced mainly by neutron irradiation. Even if the presence of the hydride ζ (zeta) was observed, both in the irradiated and non-irradiated material, tensile tests showed that ζ-hydrides did not affect ductility, since hydrided samples are more ductile than non-hydrided samples.
锆合金具有中子吸收截面小、机械强度高、导热系数高、在水和蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性好等优点，被广泛用作核反应堆的燃料包壳材料。在反应堆的使用寿命期间，这种合金的微观结构会受到辐射损伤和氢损伤等因素的影响。本文研究了中子辐照Zr-1wt后力学性能的变化。低温(< 100°C)和低剂量(3.5´1023 n m-2 (E > 1 MeV))下的% Nb与辐照过程中的氢化物和晶体缺陷演化相关。为了实现这一建议，在25ºC和300ºC下进行了1)非氢化和未辐照材料，2)氢化和未辐照材料以及3)氢化和辐照材料的拉伸试验。采用透射电镜(TEM)对不同相、氢化物和第二相析出物进行了表征。对于氢化和辐照的材料，由于主要由中子辐照引起的微观结构的变化，其延展性相对于氢化和未辐照的材料急剧下降。即使在辐照和未辐照材料中观察到氢化物ζ (zeta)的存在，拉伸试验表明，ζ-氢化物不影响延展性，因为氢化样品比非氢化样品更具延展性。
{"title":"Irradiation Hardening and Microstructure Characterization of Zr -1% Nb During Low Dose Neutron Irradiation","authors":"C. Vazquez, E. Zelaya, A. Fortis, P. Bozzano","doi":"10.32732/jma.2021.10.2.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32732/jma.2021.10.2.63","url":null,"abstract":"Due to low neutron absorption cross section, high mechanical strength, high thermal conductivity and good corrosion resistance in water and steam, Zirconium alloys are widely used as fuel cladding material in nuclear reactors. During life-time of a reactor the microstructure of this alloy is affected due to, among other factors, radiation damage and hydrogen damage. In this work mechanical properties changes on neutron irradiated Zr-1wt.% Nb at low temperatures (< 100 °C) and low dose (3.5 ´ 1023 n m-2 (E > 1 MeV)) were correlated with hydrides and crystal defects evolution during irradiation. To achieve this propose, tensile tests of: 1) Non-hydrided and non-irradiated material, 2) Hydrided and non-irradiated material and 3) Hydrided and irradiated material were performed at 25 ºC and 300 ºC. Different phases, hydrides and second phase precipitates were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. For the hydrided and irradiated material, the ductility decreased sharply with respect to the hydrided and non-irradiated material, among other factors, due to the change in the microstructure produced mainly by neutron irradiation. Even if the presence of the hydride ζ (zeta) was observed, both in the irradiated and non-irradiated material, tensile tests showed that ζ-hydrides did not affect ductility, since hydrided samples are more ductile than non-hydrided samples.","PeriodicalId":14116,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials Science and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75928805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-21DOI: 10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.15
Wang Heng, M. Yiming
In recent years, due to the rapid development of industry, the manufacturing processing quality was required to be higher and higher day by day, which made a major breakthrough in the research of metal materials. A series of new technologies and processes have been developed. The application and promotion of these technologies and processes have greatly improved the technical level of the non-ferrous metal industry, especially in the field of zinc alloy. ZA27 zinc alloy received extensive attention during this period. ZA27 zinc alloy is widely used in automobiles, construction, household appliances, ships, light industry, machinery, batteries and other industries due to its excellent wear resistance, friction reduction and mechanical properties. For these reasons, ZA27 zinc alloy has become a good substitutive material for copper alloy. In this paper, according to the research history and current situation of ZA27 zinc alloy around the world, the effects of different adding elements and the characteristics of different processes were comparatively analyzed, and summarized the progress at home and abroad. At the same time, this paper pointed out the problems existing in the development and production of ZA27 zinc alloy, which provided the basis for the development of ZA27 zinc alloy in the future.
{"title":"Development and Research Status of ZA27 Zinc Alloy","authors":"Wang Heng, M. Yiming","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.15","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, due to the rapid development of industry, the manufacturing processing quality was required to be higher and higher day by day, which made a major breakthrough in the research of metal materials. A series of new technologies and processes have been developed. The application and promotion of these technologies and processes have greatly improved the technical level of the non-ferrous metal industry, especially in the field of zinc alloy. ZA27 zinc alloy received extensive attention during this period. ZA27 zinc alloy is widely used in automobiles, construction, household appliances, ships, light industry, machinery, batteries and other industries due to its excellent wear resistance, friction reduction and mechanical properties. For these reasons, ZA27 zinc alloy has become a good substitutive material for copper alloy. In this paper, according to the research history and current situation of ZA27 zinc alloy around the world, the effects of different adding elements and the characteristics of different processes were comparatively analyzed, and summarized the progress at home and abroad. At the same time, this paper pointed out the problems existing in the development and production of ZA27 zinc alloy, which provided the basis for the development of ZA27 zinc alloy in the future.","PeriodicalId":14116,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials Science and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77406669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-16DOI: 10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.14
H. Elenga, Ferland Ngoro-Elenga, M. Tchoumou, Jude Novelgi Ngakosso Ngolo, Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby, T. Nsongo
In this study, the authors evaluated the mechanical behavior of bricks made of clay material stabilized with 4% cement and mixed with different contents (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8%) of limba wood waste (sawdust and chips). The clayey raw material ANMK was characterized by the method of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on oriented sheets (normal, glycol and heated to 490°C), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The chemical and mineralogical compositions of cement used were determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by X-ray diffraction. This clay material consists of 96% kaolinite and 4% of the chlorite / montmorillonite interstratified. The morphology of the material observed by scanning electron microscopy showed an irregularity of clusters. The elementary analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy shows that this material is essentially aluminosilicate. The chemical analysis of the cement showed a predominance of CaO (67%) and SiO2 (21%), however the mineralogical analysis showed the presence of calcite, alite, hatrurite and brownmillerite. This clay material has a mass shrinkage on drying of 26.6% and the linear shrinkage is 6.4%. The formulation with sawdust appears to give greater flexural and compressive strengths than those obtained with chips.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste","authors":"H. Elenga, Ferland Ngoro-Elenga, M. Tchoumou, Jude Novelgi Ngakosso Ngolo, Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby, T. Nsongo","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.14","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the authors evaluated the mechanical behavior of bricks made of clay material stabilized with 4% cement and mixed with different contents (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8%) of limba wood waste (sawdust and chips). The clayey raw material ANMK was characterized by the method of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on oriented sheets (normal, glycol and heated to 490°C), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The chemical and mineralogical compositions of cement used were determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by X-ray diffraction. This clay material consists of 96% kaolinite and 4% of the chlorite / montmorillonite interstratified. The morphology of the material observed by scanning electron microscopy showed an irregularity of clusters. The elementary analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy shows that this material is essentially aluminosilicate. The chemical analysis of the cement showed a predominance of CaO (67%) and SiO2 (21%), however the mineralogical analysis showed the presence of calcite, alite, hatrurite and brownmillerite. This clay material has a mass shrinkage on drying of 26.6% and the linear shrinkage is 6.4%. The formulation with sawdust appears to give greater flexural and compressive strengths than those obtained with chips.","PeriodicalId":14116,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials Science and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82655591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-15DOI: 10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.13
Nitin Amratav, K. K. Kumar, M. Pillai
The research work done in the last three decades has made continuous casting an advanced and sophisticated technology. The continuous casting process comprises many complicated phenomena in terms of fluid flow, heat transfer and structural deformation. The important numerical modeling method of the continuous casting process has been discussed in reference in this work. The present work describes molten steel flow, heat transfer, solidification, formation of the shell by solidification and coupling, etc. Continuous casting process is presently a well-established manufacturing process for steel production. The continuous casting process comprises many complicated phenomena in terms of fluid flow, heat transfer, and structural deformation. To achieve efficient and effective production, the manufacturers of steel keep on searching for new methods which increase productivity. One such kind of method has become more popular to use optimizing using numerical modeling. It describes molten steel flow, formation of the shell by solidification. With the recent advancement in metallurgical methods, the continuous casting process now becomes the main method for steel production. To achieve efficient and effective production, the manufacturers of steel keep on searching for new methods which increase productivity. In this work, we have studied and reviewed the literature to provide current information on the numerical modeling of continuous casting processes.
{"title":"Heat Transfer and Solidification Methodology Involved in the Simulation of Steelmaking","authors":"Nitin Amratav, K. K. Kumar, M. Pillai","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.13","url":null,"abstract":"The research work done in the last three decades has made continuous casting an advanced and sophisticated technology. The continuous casting process comprises many complicated phenomena in terms of fluid flow, heat transfer and structural deformation. The important numerical modeling method of the continuous casting process has been discussed in reference in this work. The present work describes molten steel flow, heat transfer, solidification, formation of the shell by solidification and coupling, etc. Continuous casting process is presently a well-established manufacturing process for steel production. The continuous casting process comprises many complicated phenomena in terms of fluid flow, heat transfer, and structural deformation. To achieve efficient and effective production, the manufacturers of steel keep on searching for new methods which increase productivity. One such kind of method has become more popular to use optimizing using numerical modeling. It describes molten steel flow, formation of the shell by solidification. With the recent advancement in metallurgical methods, the continuous casting process now becomes the main method for steel production. To achieve efficient and effective production, the manufacturers of steel keep on searching for new methods which increase productivity. In this work, we have studied and reviewed the literature to provide current information on the numerical modeling of continuous casting processes.","PeriodicalId":14116,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials Science and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87535625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.12
M. Korent, M. Soderznik, Urška Ročnik, S. Drev, K. Rožman, S. Šturm, S. Kobe, K. Ž. Soderžnik
High-coercivity Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets are key materials for producing electrical components on the macro- and nanoscale. We present a newly developed, economically efficient method for processing Nd-Fe-B magnets based on spark-plasma sintering (SPS) that makes it possible to retain the technologically essential properties of the magnet, but by consuming about 30% less energy compared to the conventional SPS process. A magnet with an anisotropic microstructure was fabricated from MQU-F commercial ribbons with a low energy consumption (0.37 MJ) during the deformation process and compared to a conventionally prepared hot-deformed magnet that consumed three-times more energy (1.2 MJ). Both magnets were post-annealed at 650°C for 120 min in a vacuum. After the post-annealing process, the low-energy processing (LEP) hot-deformed magnet exhibited a coercivity of 1327 kAm-1, and a remanent magnetization of 1.27 T. In comparison, the high-energy processing (HEP) hot-deformed magnet had a coercivity of 1337 kAm-1 and a remanent magnetization of 1.31 T. A complete microstructural characterization and detailed statistical analyses revealed a better texture orientation for the HEP hot-deformed magnet processed with the larger energy consumption. This texture is the main reason for the difference in the remanent magnetization between the two hot-deformed magnets. The results show that although the LEP hot-deformed magnet was processed with three-times less energy than in a typical hot-deformation process, the maximum energy product is only 8% lower than that of a HEP hot-deformed magnet.
{"title":"Toward Low-Energy Spark-Plasma Sintering of Hot-Deformed Nd-Fe-B Magnets","authors":"M. Korent, M. Soderznik, Urška Ročnik, S. Drev, K. Rožman, S. Šturm, S. Kobe, K. Ž. Soderžnik","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.12","url":null,"abstract":"High-coercivity Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets are key materials for producing electrical components on the macro- and nanoscale. We present a newly developed, economically efficient method for processing Nd-Fe-B magnets based on spark-plasma sintering (SPS) that makes it possible to retain the technologically essential properties of the magnet, but by consuming about 30% less energy compared to the conventional SPS process. A magnet with an anisotropic microstructure was fabricated from MQU-F commercial ribbons with a low energy consumption (0.37 MJ) during the deformation process and compared to a conventionally prepared hot-deformed magnet that consumed three-times more energy (1.2 MJ). Both magnets were post-annealed at 650°C for 120 min in a vacuum. After the post-annealing process, the low-energy processing (LEP) hot-deformed magnet exhibited a coercivity of 1327 kAm-1, and a remanent magnetization of 1.27 T. In comparison, the high-energy processing (HEP) hot-deformed magnet had a coercivity of 1337 kAm-1 and a remanent magnetization of 1.31 T. A complete microstructural characterization and detailed statistical analyses revealed a better texture orientation for the HEP hot-deformed magnet processed with the larger energy consumption. This texture is the main reason for the difference in the remanent magnetization between the two hot-deformed magnets. The results show that although the LEP hot-deformed magnet was processed with three-times less energy than in a typical hot-deformation process, the maximum energy product is only 8% lower than that of a HEP hot-deformed magnet.","PeriodicalId":14116,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials Science and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73087573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-11DOI: 10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.11
Bushra Irfan
Spintronics is a branch of electronics that utilizes the spin of an electron to carry information. Spin is a quantum phenomenon and attracted researchers because it is an ideal way for representing logic “0" and “1" (used in electronics) with spin pointing “up" or “down" with respect to a magnetic field. Therefore, spin imparts itself into a new kind of binary logic of "one" and "zero". These characteristics open a new possibility of spintronics application in various fields such as magnetic storage technology and quantum computers. Spintronics is an emerging field for next-generation nanoelectronic devices to minimize their power consumption (which is the major issue in future microelectronics technology) and increase memory capabilities. This article briefly introduces the fundamentals of spintronics, progress in spintronics and its applications; it also features the current trend and challenging goal in this area.
{"title":"Spintronics: Overview on Spin Based Electronics and Its Potential Applications","authors":"Bushra Irfan","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211005.11","url":null,"abstract":"Spintronics is a branch of electronics that utilizes the spin of an electron to carry information. Spin is a quantum phenomenon and attracted researchers because it is an ideal way for representing logic “0\" and “1\" (used in electronics) with spin pointing “up\" or “down\" with respect to a magnetic field. Therefore, spin imparts itself into a new kind of binary logic of \"one\" and \"zero\". These characteristics open a new possibility of spintronics application in various fields such as magnetic storage technology and quantum computers. Spintronics is an emerging field for next-generation nanoelectronic devices to minimize their power consumption (which is the major issue in future microelectronics technology) and increase memory capabilities. This article briefly introduces the fundamentals of spintronics, progress in spintronics and its applications; it also features the current trend and challenging goal in this area.","PeriodicalId":14116,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials Science and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76083036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211004.11
Rami Alhomrany, Chang Zhang, L. Chou
Objective: Recent in vitro studies have shown that chitosan nanoparticles in several root canal sealers, intracanal medicament, and irrigation solutions could enhance the antimicrobial activity. However, the nanotoxicity of chitosan has not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate cellular uptake and genotoxicity of various sizes and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles cultured with human dental pulp cells. Methods: Human dental pulp cells were derived from human dental pulp tissues and cultured for 24 hours with 50 nm and 318 nm FITC-tagged chitosan nanoparticles in concentrations: 0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL as study groups, and 0 mg/mL as a control. The fluorescence intensity of the FITC tagged chitosan nanoparticles was measured using a spectrophotometer to determine the cellular uptake. Genotoxicity was assessed by the Cytokinesis-block micronucleus method and by measuring the fluorescent intensity of the phosphorylated H2AX nuclear foci. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, and Chi-square tests. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles were able to internalize the human dental pulp cells and significantly induced micronuclei, nuclear buds, and pH2AX foci at concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL as compared to 0.1 mg/mL (P < 0.01) and control group (P < 0.01). At both concentrations, 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, 50 nm chitosan significantly induced higher proportions of micronuclei (P=0.001), nuclear buds (P=0.009), and pH2AX nuclear foci (P=0.00004) as compared to 318 nm chitosan. Conclusion: 50 nm and 318 nm chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL penetrated human dental pulp cells and induced genotoxicity in dose-dependent and size-associated manners.
{"title":"Genotoxicity Induced by Cellular Uptake of Chitosan Nanoparticles in Human Dental Pulp Cells","authors":"Rami Alhomrany, Chang Zhang, L. Chou","doi":"10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211004.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJMSA.20211004.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Recent in vitro studies have shown that chitosan nanoparticles in several root canal sealers, intracanal medicament, and irrigation solutions could enhance the antimicrobial activity. However, the nanotoxicity of chitosan has not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate cellular uptake and genotoxicity of various sizes and concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles cultured with human dental pulp cells. Methods: Human dental pulp cells were derived from human dental pulp tissues and cultured for 24 hours with 50 nm and 318 nm FITC-tagged chitosan nanoparticles in concentrations: 0.1 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL as study groups, and 0 mg/mL as a control. The fluorescence intensity of the FITC tagged chitosan nanoparticles was measured using a spectrophotometer to determine the cellular uptake. Genotoxicity was assessed by the Cytokinesis-block micronucleus method and by measuring the fluorescent intensity of the phosphorylated H2AX nuclear foci. Statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey, and Chi-square tests. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles were able to internalize the human dental pulp cells and significantly induced micronuclei, nuclear buds, and pH2AX foci at concentrations of 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL as compared to 0.1 mg/mL (P < 0.01) and control group (P < 0.01). At both concentrations, 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, 50 nm chitosan significantly induced higher proportions of micronuclei (P=0.001), nuclear buds (P=0.009), and pH2AX nuclear foci (P=0.00004) as compared to 318 nm chitosan. Conclusion: 50 nm and 318 nm chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL penetrated human dental pulp cells and induced genotoxicity in dose-dependent and size-associated manners.","PeriodicalId":14116,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials Science and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82405595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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