Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34901
Fazeena Alikutty Karimalakuzhiyil, S. Waheeb, Raha H. Alahmadi, Hassan Ahmad Alkhuzae, A. M. Alqurashi, Anaum Naila Irfan, I. A. Majid
Background: Lip prints are creases on the vermilion border of the lips, formed due to the elevations and depressions on them. Lip print patterns are considered to be valuable biometric technique in forensic investigation. Globally, a number of studies have reported that establish lip-prints to be unique to an individual and can be a valuable source of DNA that can help in personal identification. Despite the usefulness and its assistance in solving the crime scene, lip print studies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are very few. Therefore, we undertook this study to add more to the scanty existing information. Aim: 1) To investigate the potential role of lip-prints in human identification. 2) To verify the potential for sex determination from lip print in Saudi Arabian individuals visiting the outpatient department of a private dental school in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 485 subjects were recruited from the screening clinic of a dental school in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The lip prints of eligible and consenting study subjects was recorded using red/brown lipstick on the white paper that was scanned and converted to digital image. The scanned images were viewed using Photoshop image editing software that inverted images to grayscale. The lip prints in the six study areas of the upper and lips were categorized according to Renaud’s classification. The frequency of each type of lip print was calculated as a percentage. Chi (χ²) test was used to establish the association between the print type and the gender of participant with the confidence level fixed at 95% and a P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The most predominant type of lip print in the study population was type J (upper lip=42.0% and lower lip= 26.31%) and no two individuals among the study subjects showed similarity in the six lip print areas examined. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the gender and the lip print type. Conclusion: Based on our results we conclude that: 1. The lip prints of Saudi Arabian subjects are unique to every individual 2. No statistically significant difference was established between the gender and the type of lip prints of the study subjects.
{"title":"Lip Print Patterns Of Saudi Arabian Subjects Visiting A Dental School","authors":"Fazeena Alikutty Karimalakuzhiyil, S. Waheeb, Raha H. Alahmadi, Hassan Ahmad Alkhuzae, A. M. Alqurashi, Anaum Naila Irfan, I. A. Majid","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34901","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lip prints are creases on the vermilion border of the lips, formed due to the elevations and depressions on them. Lip print patterns are considered to be valuable biometric technique in forensic investigation. Globally, a number of studies have reported that establish lip-prints to be unique to an individual and can be a valuable source of DNA that can help in personal identification. Despite the usefulness and its assistance in solving the crime scene, lip print studies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are very few. Therefore, we undertook this study to add more to the scanty existing information. Aim: 1) To investigate the potential role of lip-prints in human identification. 2) To verify the potential for sex determination from lip print in Saudi Arabian individuals visiting the outpatient department of a private dental school in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 485 subjects were recruited from the screening clinic of a dental school in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The lip prints of eligible and consenting study subjects was recorded using red/brown lipstick on the white paper that was scanned and converted to digital image. The scanned images were viewed using Photoshop image editing software that inverted images to grayscale. The lip prints in the six study areas of the upper and lips were categorized according to Renaud’s classification. The frequency of each type of lip print was calculated as a percentage. Chi (χ²) test was used to establish the association between the print type and the gender of participant with the confidence level fixed at 95% and a P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The most predominant type of lip print in the study population was type J (upper lip=42.0% and lower lip= 26.31%) and no two individuals among the study subjects showed similarity in the six lip print areas examined. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between the gender and the lip print type. Conclusion: Based on our results we conclude that: 1. The lip prints of Saudi Arabian subjects are unique to every individual 2. No statistically significant difference was established between the gender and the type of lip prints of the study subjects.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"34901-34901"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i1a.40
D. Kumar, Dr. Nishant Purbey
{"title":"Autopsy, histopathology and nano technological study of the spleen in a case of aluminum phosphide poisoning in India","authors":"D. Kumar, Dr. Nishant Purbey","doi":"10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i1a.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i1a.40","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72834026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i1a.41
Sawsan Darwish Jari, Sura Waleed Yasir, Saja Alaa Razzaq
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of garlic extract loaded on zinc oxide nanoparticles on the viability of Sarcocystis in vitro Samples of the parasite in the study was divided into three group inside to control group each one consists of 20 parasite in petri dish (5 petri dish) for each concentration contain the Phosphate Buffer Saline(PBS). The group treated with one concentration of the hybrid nanoparticles (Garlic extract loaded on zinc oxide nanoparticles) (0.1, 0.3, 0.5) mg/ml in 4 ᵒC and noticed the viability for five days. The nanoparticle measuring by SEM (Scaning Electronic Microscop) in Karbala University, College of Veterinary Medicine, the results showed that process of loading garlic Extract on the surface of zinc oxide nanoparticles was succeed and the hybrid nanoparticles had great effect (100%) in mortality of the parasite in high concentration 0.5 mg/ml followed by 0.3 mg/ml (8.98%) and (17.66%) in 0.1mg/ml. The statistical analytic results showed that there was significant increasing in mortality in all concentrations.
{"title":"Effect of garlic extract loaded on zinc oxide nanoparticles against Sarcocystis in vitro","authors":"Sawsan Darwish Jari, Sura Waleed Yasir, Saja Alaa Razzaq","doi":"10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i1a.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33545/27074447.2022.v4.i1a.41","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate the effect of garlic extract loaded on zinc oxide nanoparticles on the viability of Sarcocystis in vitro Samples of the parasite in the study was divided into three group inside to control group each one consists of 20 parasite in petri dish (5 petri dish) for each concentration contain the Phosphate Buffer Saline(PBS). The group treated with one concentration of the hybrid nanoparticles (Garlic extract loaded on zinc oxide nanoparticles) (0.1, 0.3, 0.5) mg/ml in 4 ᵒC and noticed the viability for five days. The nanoparticle measuring by SEM (Scaning Electronic Microscop) in Karbala University, College of Veterinary Medicine, the results showed that process of loading garlic Extract on the surface of zinc oxide nanoparticles was succeed and the hybrid nanoparticles had great effect (100%) in mortality of the parasite in high concentration 0.5 mg/ml followed by 0.3 mg/ml (8.98%) and (17.66%) in 0.1mg/ml. The statistical analytic results showed that there was significant increasing in mortality in all concentrations.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90532866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i1.36171
S. Shadnia, Lida Shojaei Arani, K. Bahmani, M. Akhgari, H. Dana, M. Ghadirzadeh, M. Hajiesmaeili, Omidvar Rezaei Mirghaed
Background: Outbreaks of methanol poisoning were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acute methanol poisoning is a global crisis. Methanol can cause acute and fatal toxicity through metabolic acidosis. In the present study, we evaluated demographic, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of patients who died in the recent outbreak of methanol poisoning in Tehran from March to April 2020. Methods: This cross-sectional study was accomplished at the Loghman-Hakim Hospital in Tehran on 80 patients who died of methanol toxicity. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected retrospectively from the patient's files and analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. Results: Men were significantly more involved than women (%85 vs. %15). There were no significant differences between other characteristics of male and female patients, including the time between consumption to arrive hospital, dialysis sessions, pulse rate, respiratory rate, loss of consciousness, seizure, acute kidney injury, brain CT, and Intracerebral Hemorrhage ( ICH). Blood sugar, serum potassium, and liver function tests were higher than average in most of the patients. Conclusion: Our study showed that this outbreak of methanol poisoning was due to the use of alcoholic drinks that contain methanol. Men were primarily affected that could be because of the cultural and social status of our country. The greater seizure probability in females could be because of enhancing the NMDA receptor by estrogen. Abnormalities in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Prothrombin Time (PT) were seen in most patients, indicating liver damage. Misbeliefs about the protective effects of alcohol consumption against COVID-19 may lead many to consume poorly made alcohols that contain methanol and outbreaks of methanol intoxication.
背景:在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间观察到甲醇中毒暴发。急性甲醇中毒是一场全球性危机。甲醇可通过代谢性酸中毒引起急性和致命的毒性。在本研究中，我们评估了2020年3月至4月在德黑兰最近爆发的甲醇中毒中死亡的患者的人口学、临床和临床旁特征。方法:本横断面研究是在德黑兰的Loghman-Hakim医院完成的80例甲醇中毒死亡患者。回顾性收集患者档案中的人口学、临床和实验室数据，并采用适当的统计检验进行分析。结果:男性明显多于女性(85% vs. 15%)。男性和女性患者的其他特征无显著差异，包括到达医院的时间间隔、透析次数、脉搏率、呼吸率、意识丧失、癫痫发作、急性肾损伤、脑CT和脑出血(ICH)。多数患者血糖、血钾、肝功能均高于平均水平。结论:我们的研究表明，这次甲醇中毒的爆发是由于使用了含有甲醇的酒精饮料。男性主要受到影响，这可能是因为我们国家的文化和社会地位。女性更大的癫痫发作概率可能是由于雌激素增强了NMDA受体。多数患者血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和凝血酶原时间(PT)异常，提示肝损害。对饮酒对COVID-19的保护作用的误解可能导致许多人饮用含有甲醇的劣质酒精，并暴发甲醇中毒。
{"title":"Research Paper: Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Who Died of Methanol Toxicity During COVID 19 Outbreak in Loghman-e-Hakim Hospital, Tehran","authors":"S. Shadnia, Lida Shojaei Arani, K. Bahmani, M. Akhgari, H. Dana, M. Ghadirzadeh, M. Hajiesmaeili, Omidvar Rezaei Mirghaed","doi":"10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i1.36171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijmtfm.v12i1.36171","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Outbreaks of methanol poisoning were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acute methanol poisoning is a global crisis. Methanol can cause acute and fatal toxicity through metabolic acidosis. In the present study, we evaluated demographic, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of patients who died in the recent outbreak of methanol poisoning in Tehran from March to April 2020. Methods: This cross-sectional study was accomplished at the Loghman-Hakim Hospital in Tehran on 80 patients who died of methanol toxicity. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected retrospectively from the patient's files and analyzed with appropriate statistical tests. Results: Men were significantly more involved than women (%85 vs. %15). There were no significant differences between other characteristics of male and female patients, including the time between consumption to arrive hospital, dialysis sessions, pulse rate, respiratory rate, loss of consciousness, seizure, acute kidney injury, brain CT, and Intracerebral Hemorrhage ( ICH). Blood sugar, serum potassium, and liver function tests were higher than average in most of the patients. Conclusion: Our study showed that this outbreak of methanol poisoning was due to the use of alcoholic drinks that contain methanol. Men were primarily affected that could be because of the cultural and social status of our country. The greater seizure probability in females could be because of enhancing the NMDA receptor by estrogen. Abnormalities in Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Prothrombin Time (PT) were seen in most patients, indicating liver damage. Misbeliefs about the protective effects of alcohol consumption against COVID-19 may lead many to consume poorly made alcohols that contain methanol and outbreaks of methanol intoxication.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.33924
Gururaj Biradar, C. Shetty, H. PavanchandShetty, V. Yogiraj
Background: Death by hanging is an important health hazard worldwide and is classified as violent mechanical deaths resulting from asphyxia. Manner of death in hanging is suicide in majority of the cases, accidental hanging is less common and homicidal hanging is still less common.The study was aimed towards analysing socio- demographic pattern, precipitating factors for committing hanging at Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Ballari, India Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the mortuary of Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Ballari, Karnataka, India. During the period from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2020, 356 cases of alleged history of hanging cases were brought to the mortuary for postmortem examination and the cause of death was attributed to hanging. Data was collected with help of history, inquest report, meticulous postmortem examination etc. Results were obtained after tabulating and data analysed with cross sectional study. Results: Out of the 356 cases of hanging, majority of the cases were in the age group of 31-40 (140 cases i.e., 39.32%). Male preponderance was seen in 235 (66%) cases and most victims were married 199 (56%) cases. In relation to seasonal variation, we noted that, maximum number of suicides by hanging were reported in the month of July to September 141 (39.60%). Out of 356 hanging cases, 178 (50%) were employed. Pre-disposing factor was Chronic illness in 136 (38.20 %) cases followed by financial stress and psychological problems in 120 (33.70%) and 50 (14.04%) cases, respectively. Majority of the victims belonged to Hindu religion 290 (82%) cases. 320 (90%) of cases did not have a suicide note. Conclusion: Hanging is difficult to prevent, due many concomitant factors but psychological counselling, economic support and education can reduce the incidence of hanging.
{"title":"Profile of Hanging Cases at Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Ballari District, Karnataka, India: Retrospective analysis of cases from 2016 to 2020.","authors":"Gururaj Biradar, C. Shetty, H. PavanchandShetty, V. Yogiraj","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.33924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.33924","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Death by hanging is an important health hazard worldwide and is classified as violent mechanical deaths resulting from asphyxia. Manner of death in hanging is suicide in majority of the cases, accidental hanging is less common and homicidal hanging is still less common.The study was aimed towards analysing socio- demographic pattern, precipitating factors for committing hanging at Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Ballari, India Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the mortuary of Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences (VIMS), Ballari, Karnataka, India. During the period from 01 January 2016 to 31 December 2020, 356 cases of alleged history of hanging cases were brought to the mortuary for postmortem examination and the cause of death was attributed to hanging. Data was collected with help of history, inquest report, meticulous postmortem examination etc. Results were obtained after tabulating and data analysed with cross sectional study. Results: Out of the 356 cases of hanging, majority of the cases were in the age group of 31-40 (140 cases i.e., 39.32%). Male preponderance was seen in 235 (66%) cases and most victims were married 199 (56%) cases. In relation to seasonal variation, we noted that, maximum number of suicides by hanging were reported in the month of July to September 141 (39.60%). Out of 356 hanging cases, 178 (50%) were employed. Pre-disposing factor was Chronic illness in 136 (38.20 %) cases followed by financial stress and psychological problems in 120 (33.70%) and 50 (14.04%) cases, respectively. Majority of the victims belonged to Hindu religion 290 (82%) cases. 320 (90%) of cases did not have a suicide note. Conclusion: Hanging is difficult to prevent, due many concomitant factors but psychological counselling, economic support and education can reduce the incidence of hanging.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"33924-33924"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69705992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34653
Murtadha Al-Khafaji, N. Sajit, S. Bazmi, M. Kiani
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare, review and evaluate the prior studies about patients right that have been made, to this point, regarding patient rights in Iran and Iraq. Methods: This is a review study conducted by searching the Iranian and Iraqi databanks such as: Scientific Information Database(SID), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology, Iran Medex and Academic scientific journals Iraqi and google scholar for both Iranian and Iraqi articles from 2002 to 2017 using the keywords such as "Patient Rights", "Patient Rights Charter", "Patient Rights Observance", "Iraq", "Iran", and "Patient Awareness and Rights". Results: Total of 32 Iranian and Iraqi articles, only 25 of which achieved the goal of our study. Conclusion: The growing number of articles published indicates that from 1999 forwards, this topic began to attract the attention of Iranian researchers in a gradual manner, as for the Iraqi researchers, their attention has been attracted from 2013 onwards. and despite the poor knowledge of physicians about the patients' rights in Iran; they have shown acceptable awareness and attitude regarding some patients' rights. The same is true for Iraqi doctors and health care providers, but they have shown unsatisfactory consequences for some of the rights of Iraqi patients. Recommendation: Patient education through media and careful observation of the Patient Rights Charter, and educating healthcare professionals, and developing professional training on patients' legal rights by engaging them in educational sessions and lectures on patient rights is necessary. Adequate monitoring of practice according to the Patient Charter is strongly suggested.
{"title":"A study of Patient's rights in Iran and Iraq:","authors":"Murtadha Al-Khafaji, N. Sajit, S. Bazmi, M. Kiani","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34653","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this study was to compare, review and evaluate the prior studies about patients right that have been made, to this point, regarding patient rights in Iran and Iraq. Methods: This is a review study conducted by searching the Iranian and Iraqi databanks such as: Scientific Information Database(SID), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology, Iran Medex and Academic scientific journals Iraqi and google scholar for both Iranian and Iraqi articles from 2002 to 2017 using the keywords such as \"Patient Rights\", \"Patient Rights Charter\", \"Patient Rights Observance\", \"Iraq\", \"Iran\", and \"Patient Awareness and Rights\". Results: Total of 32 Iranian and Iraqi articles, only 25 of which achieved the goal of our study. Conclusion: The growing number of articles published indicates that from 1999 forwards, this topic began to attract the attention of Iranian researchers in a gradual manner, as for the Iraqi researchers, their attention has been attracted from 2013 onwards. and despite the poor knowledge of physicians about the patients' rights in Iran; they have shown acceptable awareness and attitude regarding some patients' rights. The same is true for Iraqi doctors and health care providers, but they have shown unsatisfactory consequences for some of the rights of Iraqi patients. Recommendation: Patient education through media and careful observation of the Patient Rights Charter, and educating healthcare professionals, and developing professional training on patients' legal rights by engaging them in educational sessions and lectures on patient rights is necessary. Adequate monitoring of practice according to the Patient Charter is strongly suggested.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"34653-34653"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35430
L. Mohammadnejad, K. Soltaninejad
Background: Tramadol is a synthetic opioid-like centrally acting analgesic used for moderate to severe pain management in a diversity of diseases. Numerous investigations have confirmed the association between tramadol use and increased levels of oxygen-free radicals. Mass production of reactive oxygen species produces secondary toxic compounds which could damage the internal components of the cell and ultimately causes organ damage. With the growing trend of tramadol abuse and the increasing reports of poisoning, abuse and mortality due to this drug, the present study was designed to review the animals and human studies about the effects of acute and chronic exposure of tramadol in inducing organ toxicities through oxidative stress. Methods: Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus bibliographic databases were searched for studies investigated the oxidative stress as mechanism of toxicity by tramadol. A manual search of reference lists of the retrieved articles was conducted. Data were collected from 2000 to 2021 (up to June). Results: From 28 articles about experimental and human studies of TR induced oxidative stress organ damage which included in this review, occurrence of lipid peroxidation, alteration in the levels of total antioxidant capacity and other oxidative stress biomarkers in many organs such as brain, liver, kidney, adrenal and lung in the experimental studies of tramadol exposure have been observed. Conclusion: Oxidative stress could be considered as one of the most important toxic mechanisms in tramadol-induced tissue damage.
{"title":"Tramadol Induced Organ Toxicity via Oxidative Stress: A Review on Current Evidences","authors":"L. Mohammadnejad, K. Soltaninejad","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35430","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tramadol is a synthetic opioid-like centrally acting analgesic used for moderate to severe pain management in a diversity of diseases. Numerous investigations have confirmed the association between tramadol use and increased levels of oxygen-free radicals. Mass production of reactive oxygen species produces secondary toxic compounds which could damage the internal components of the cell and ultimately causes organ damage. With the growing trend of tramadol abuse and the increasing reports of poisoning, abuse and mortality due to this drug, the present study was designed to review the animals and human studies about the effects of acute and chronic exposure of tramadol in inducing organ toxicities through oxidative stress. Methods: Pubmed, Google Scholar and Scopus bibliographic databases were searched for studies investigated the oxidative stress as mechanism of toxicity by tramadol. A manual search of reference lists of the retrieved articles was conducted. Data were collected from 2000 to 2021 (up to June). Results: From 28 articles about experimental and human studies of TR induced oxidative stress organ damage which included in this review, occurrence of lipid peroxidation, alteration in the levels of total antioxidant capacity and other oxidative stress biomarkers in many organs such as brain, liver, kidney, adrenal and lung in the experimental studies of tramadol exposure have been observed. Conclusion: Oxidative stress could be considered as one of the most important toxic mechanisms in tramadol-induced tissue damage.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"35430-35430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34568
Negar Rafiei Tabatabaiei, S. Shadnia, K. Bahmani, M. Qorbani, H. Dana, M. Maghsoudi, Mitra Rahimi
{"title":"Evaluation of Prognostic Factors of Methanol Poisoning in Patients Referred to Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Karaj","authors":"Negar Rafiei Tabatabaiei, S. Shadnia, K. Bahmani, M. Qorbani, H. Dana, M. Maghsoudi, Mitra Rahimi","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.34568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"34568-34568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35374
Milad Zandi, M. Fazeli, R. Bigdeli, V. Asgari, R. A. Cohan, S. Shahmahmoodi
Background Nanotechnology plays a significant role in medicine, especially in diagnosis and treatment as a carrier to drugs and vaccinology. Recently, several studies were conducted on the use of nanoparticles as an adjuvant. The main aim of this study was in vivo and in vitro toxicity evaluation of synthesized cerium nanoparticles. Materials and methods In the present study, cerium nanoparticles were prepared by using the wet chemical method. The formation of cerium nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopes, x-ray diffraction analysis, dynamic light scattering. In vivo and in vitro toxicity of synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated in three different amounts of cerium nanoparticles (30 µg, 50 µg, and 100 µg) in mice and human fibroblast cell lines, respectively. Results Cerium nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, and the identity was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis. The shape and size of nanoparticles were spherical and less than 100 nm, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles had a charge of -26.6 mV and a hydrodynamic radius of 446 nm. MTT assay showed that none of the concentration of cerium was toxic, and in vivo toxicity also clarified the safety of cerium nanoparticles in mice and no significant un-normal behavioural and physical symptoms were observed in mice after CeNP administration Conclusion Cerium nanoparticles have special properties, especially low toxicity, unique capabilities in stimulating the immune system. Cerium nanoparticles can be considered an effective and safe candidate in vaccines.
{"title":"Construction Of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles And Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation In Vitro And In Vivo","authors":"Milad Zandi, M. Fazeli, R. Bigdeli, V. Asgari, R. A. Cohan, S. Shahmahmoodi","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35374","url":null,"abstract":"Background Nanotechnology plays a significant role in medicine, especially in diagnosis and treatment as a carrier to drugs and vaccinology. Recently, several studies were conducted on the use of nanoparticles as an adjuvant. The main aim of this study was in vivo and in vitro toxicity evaluation of synthesized cerium nanoparticles. Materials and methods In the present study, cerium nanoparticles were prepared by using the wet chemical method. The formation of cerium nanoparticles was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopes, x-ray diffraction analysis, dynamic light scattering. In vivo and in vitro toxicity of synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated in three different amounts of cerium nanoparticles (30 µg, 50 µg, and 100 µg) in mice and human fibroblast cell lines, respectively. Results Cerium nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, and the identity was confirmed by x-ray diffraction analysis. The shape and size of nanoparticles were spherical and less than 100 nm, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles had a charge of -26.6 mV and a hydrodynamic radius of 446 nm. MTT assay showed that none of the concentration of cerium was toxic, and in vivo toxicity also clarified the safety of cerium nanoparticles in mice and no significant un-normal behavioural and physical symptoms were observed in mice after CeNP administration Conclusion Cerium nanoparticles have special properties, especially low toxicity, unique capabilities in stimulating the immune system. Cerium nanoparticles can be considered an effective and safe candidate in vaccines.","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"35374-35374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35583
Marwa E El Shamarka, M. Mwaheb, A. Hussein, O. Sayed, E. Said
Rotenone, a chemical compound produced naturally by leguminous plants, has conventionally been used as a pesticide by blocking the uptake of oxygen by body cells. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of spirulina on oxidative damage, inflammation, and neurotoxicity in male mice treated by rotenone. The experimental animals were being divided into five groups. Group (I) served as control that received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Group (II) mice treated with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg,s.c.3 times per week); Group (III) mice received rotenone/L-dopa (25 mg/kg, P.O. daily); Group (IV) and Group (V) mice treated with rotenone/spirulina (200 and 400 mg/kg, P.O. daily) respectively for two weeks. Rotenone-treated mice showed impaired motor coordination and activity in wire hanging, wood walking, open field, and stair tests. Also, rotenone treatment caused elevation in striatal levels of MDA; NO; TNF-α; IL-1β and caspase 3 and decrement in Bcl-2; dopamine and GSH levels. Furthermore, there was severe neuronal degeneration, striatal DNA fragmentation, and an increase in striatal 8-OHdG levels and MTH1 expression in the rotenone group. On the other hand, spirulina treatment prevented rotenone-induced motor deficits, striatal DNA fragmentation and showed good restoration of the substantial neurons with reservation of the normal dark appearance. Also, rotenone-induced biochemical changes were ameliorated by spirulina treatment as dopamine, Bcl-2, and GSH levels were increased and striatal MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and caspase 3 levels were decreased. Therefore, natural products as spirulina could reverse rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in male mice due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties
{"title":"Spirulina Ameliorates Oxidative Damage And Inflammation In Rotenone Induced Neurotoxicity In Male Mice","authors":"Marwa E El Shamarka, M. Mwaheb, A. Hussein, O. Sayed, E. Said","doi":"10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/IJMTFM.VI.35583","url":null,"abstract":"Rotenone, a chemical compound produced naturally by leguminous plants, has conventionally been used as a pesticide by blocking the uptake of oxygen by body cells. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of spirulina on oxidative damage, inflammation, and neurotoxicity in male mice treated by rotenone. The experimental animals were being divided into five groups. Group (I) served as control that received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); Group (II) mice treated with rotenone (1.5 mg/kg,s.c.3 times per week); Group (III) mice received rotenone/L-dopa (25 mg/kg, P.O. daily); Group (IV) and Group (V) mice treated with rotenone/spirulina (200 and 400 mg/kg, P.O. daily) respectively for two weeks. Rotenone-treated mice showed impaired motor coordination and activity in wire hanging, wood walking, open field, and stair tests. Also, rotenone treatment caused elevation in striatal levels of MDA; NO; TNF-α; IL-1β and caspase 3 and decrement in Bcl-2; dopamine and GSH levels. Furthermore, there was severe neuronal degeneration, striatal DNA fragmentation, and an increase in striatal 8-OHdG levels and MTH1 expression in the rotenone group. On the other hand, spirulina treatment prevented rotenone-induced motor deficits, striatal DNA fragmentation and showed good restoration of the substantial neurons with reservation of the normal dark appearance. Also, rotenone-induced biochemical changes were ameliorated by spirulina treatment as dopamine, Bcl-2, and GSH levels were increased and striatal MDA, TNF-α, IL-1β, and caspase 3 levels were decreased. Therefore, natural products as spirulina could reverse rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in male mice due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties","PeriodicalId":14168,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"35583-35583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69706316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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