Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.101
Y. Lim, S. Yoo, Soon‐Nang Park, Dae Sung Lee, J. Kook
The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) against Cutibacterium acnes (6 strains) and Staphylococcus aureus (6 strains). The antimicrobial activity of the mangosteen extract was evaluated based on its minimal bactericidal concentration. Cytotoxicity of the mangosteen extract against human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells was determined using the cell counting method. The data showed that the mangosteen extract was not toxic to HEK 293 cells at a concentration of up to 16 μg/mL and killed 87.0% and 99.9% of C. acnes and S. aureus after 10 minutes and 1 hour of treatment, respectively. These results suggest that ethanol extract of mangosteen can be used as an anti-acne agent.
{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of Garcinia mangostana L. ethanol extract against Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus","authors":"Y. Lim, S. Yoo, Soon‐Nang Park, Dae Sung Lee, J. Kook","doi":"10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.101","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract of Garcinia mangostana L. (mangosteen) against Cutibacterium acnes (6 strains) and Staphylococcus aureus (6 strains). The antimicrobial activity of the mangosteen extract was evaluated based on its minimal bactericidal concentration. Cytotoxicity of the mangosteen extract against human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells was determined using the cell counting method. The data showed that the mangosteen extract was not toxic to HEK 293 cells at a concentration of up to 16 μg/mL and killed 87.0% and 99.9% of C. acnes and S. aureus after 10 minutes and 1 hour of treatment, respectively. These results suggest that ethanol extract of mangosteen can be used as an anti-acne agent.","PeriodicalId":14180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88499821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.71
J. Won, S. Oh
Dentin hypersensitivity is an abrupt intense pain caused by innocuous stimuli to exposed dentinal tubules. Mechanosensitive ion channels have been assessed in dental primary afferent neurons and odontoblasts to explain dentin hypersensitivity. Dentinal fluid dynamics evoked by various stimuli to exposed dentin cause mechanical stress to the structures underlying dentin. This review briefly discusses three hypotheses regarding dentin hypersensitivity and introduces recent findings on mechanosensitive ion channels expressed in the dental sensory system and discusses how the activation of these ion channels is involved in dentin hypersensitivity.
{"title":"Update on dentin hypersensitivity: with the focus on hydrodynamic theory and mechanosensitive ion channels","authors":"J. Won, S. Oh","doi":"10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.71","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.71","url":null,"abstract":"Dentin hypersensitivity is an abrupt intense pain caused by innocuous stimuli to exposed dentinal tubules. Mechanosensitive ion channels have been assessed in dental primary afferent neurons and odontoblasts to explain dentin hypersensitivity. Dentinal fluid dynamics evoked by various stimuli to exposed dentin cause mechanical stress to the structures underlying dentin. This review briefly discusses three hypotheses regarding dentin hypersensitivity and introduces recent findings on mechanosensitive ion channels expressed in the dental sensory system and discusses how the activation of these ion channels is involved in dentin hypersensitivity.","PeriodicalId":14180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86589830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.81
S. Lee, B. Park, C. Kim
Trifolium pratense leaves (red clover) has been used in Oriental and European folk medicine for the treatment of whooping cough, asthma, and eczema, and is now being used to treat and alleviate the symptoms, such as hot flushes, cardiovascular health effects that occur in postmenopausal women. However, relatively little scientific data is available on the physiological activity of this plant. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of T. pratense leaves using methanol extract of T. pratense leaves (MeTP) on human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeTP inhibited the viability of FaDu cells by inducing apoptosis through the cleavage of procaspase- 3, -7, and -9 and poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose-ribose) polymerase (PARP), downregulation of Bcl- 2, and upregulation of Bax, as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live & dead assay, 4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and Western blot analysis. In addition, colony formation was slightly inhibited when FaDu cells were treated with a non-cytotoxic concentration (0.125 mg/mL) of MeTP and almost completely inhibited when cells were treated with 0.25 mg/mL MeTP. Collectively, these results indicate that MeTP induced cell apoptosis via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways, and inhibited colony formation of cancer cells in FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. These findings suggest MeTP should be considered for clinical development as a chemotherapeutic option in oral cancer.
{"title":"Trifolium pratense induces apoptosis through caspase pathway in FaDu human hypopharynx squamous carcinoma cells","authors":"S. Lee, B. Park, C. Kim","doi":"10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.81","url":null,"abstract":"Trifolium pratense leaves (red clover) has been used in Oriental and European folk medicine for the treatment of whooping cough, asthma, and eczema, and is now being used to treat and alleviate the symptoms, such as hot flushes, cardiovascular health effects that occur in postmenopausal women. However, relatively little scientific data is available on the physiological activity of this plant. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of T. pratense leaves using methanol extract of T. pratense leaves (MeTP) on human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeTP inhibited the viability of FaDu cells by inducing apoptosis through the cleavage of procaspase- 3, -7, and -9 and poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose-ribose) polymerase (PARP), downregulation of Bcl- 2, and upregulation of Bax, as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live & dead assay, 4’6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and Western blot analysis. In addition, colony formation was slightly inhibited when FaDu cells were treated with a non-cytotoxic concentration (0.125 mg/mL) of MeTP and almost completely inhibited when cells were treated with 0.25 mg/mL MeTP. Collectively, these results indicate that MeTP induced cell apoptosis via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways, and inhibited colony formation of cancer cells in FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. These findings suggest MeTP should be considered for clinical development as a chemotherapeutic option in oral cancer.","PeriodicalId":14180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91082166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.96
Soon‐Nang Park, J. Kook
The purpose of this study was to develop Peptoniphilus mikwangii -specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers based on the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rDNA) gene. The specificity of the primers was determined by conventional PCR using 29 strains of 27 oral bacterial species including P. mikwangii. The sensitivity of the primers was determined by qPCR using the purified genomic DNA of P. mikwangii KCOM 1628T (40 ng to 4 fg). The data showed that the qPCR primers (RTB134-F4/RTB134-R4) could detect P. mikwangii strains exclusively and as little as 40 fg of the genomic DNA of P. mikwangii KCOM 1628T. These results suggest that the developed qPCR primer pair can be useful for detecting P. mikwangii in epidemiological studies of oral bacterial infectious diseases.
{"title":"Peptoniphilus mikwangii-specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction primers","authors":"Soon‐Nang Park, J. Kook","doi":"10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.96","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to develop Peptoniphilus mikwangii -specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) primers based on the 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rDNA) gene. The specificity of the primers was determined by conventional PCR using 29 strains of 27 oral bacterial species including P. mikwangii. The sensitivity of the primers was determined by qPCR using the purified genomic DNA of P. mikwangii KCOM 1628T (40 ng to 4 fg). The data showed that the qPCR primers (RTB134-F4/RTB134-R4) could detect P. mikwangii strains exclusively and as little as 40 fg of the genomic DNA of P. mikwangii KCOM 1628T. These results suggest that the developed qPCR primer pair can be useful for detecting P. mikwangii in epidemiological studies of oral bacterial infectious diseases.","PeriodicalId":14180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87176309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.108
V. P. Dong, N. Trang, H. Yoo
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of rutile phase TiO2 nanoparticles and their cytocompatibility with oral cancer cells","authors":"V. P. Dong, N. Trang, H. Yoo","doi":"10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.108","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81739718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.77
Young Hwan Kim, Dental, Eun Jin Seo, Jae Kyung Park, I. Jang
Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC), a very rare neoplasm located mostly in the mandible, has been regarded as a benign tumor. However, due to the accumulation of case reports, CCOC has been reclassified as a malignant entity by the World Health Organization. Patients with CCOC present with regional swelling and periodontal indications with variable pain, often remaining misdiagnosed for a long period. CCOC has slow growth but aggressive behavior, requiring radical resection. Histologic analysis revealed the monophasic, biphasic, and ameloblastic types of CCOC with clear cells and a mixed combination of polygonal and palisading cells. At the molecular level, CCOC shows the expression of cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, along with markers that assign CCOC to the sarcoma family. At the genetic level, Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-activating transcription factor 1 fusion is regarded as the key feature for identification. Nevertheless, the scarcity of cases and dependence on histological data delay the development of an efficient therapy. Regarding the high recurrence rate and the potential of distant metastasis, further characterization of CCOC is necessary for an early and accurate diagnosis.
{"title":"Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma: a mini review","authors":"Young Hwan Kim, Dental, Eun Jin Seo, Jae Kyung Park, I. Jang","doi":"10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.77","url":null,"abstract":"Clear cell odontogenic carcinoma (CCOC), a very rare neoplasm located mostly in the mandible, has been regarded as a benign tumor. However, due to the accumulation of case reports, CCOC has been reclassified as a malignant entity by the World Health Organization. Patients with CCOC present with regional swelling and periodontal indications with variable pain, often remaining misdiagnosed for a long period. CCOC has slow growth but aggressive behavior, requiring radical resection. Histologic analysis revealed the monophasic, biphasic, and ameloblastic types of CCOC with clear cells and a mixed combination of polygonal and palisading cells. At the molecular level, CCOC shows the expression of cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen, along with markers that assign CCOC to the sarcoma family. At the genetic level, Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-activating transcription factor 1 fusion is regarded as the key feature for identification. Nevertheless, the scarcity of cases and dependence on histological data delay the development of an efficient therapy. Regarding the high recurrence rate and the potential of distant metastasis, further characterization of CCOC is necessary for an early and accurate diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":14180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76013038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.89
Sun Jin, Hae-Mi Kang, D. Park, Su-Bin Yu, In-Ryoung Kim, B. Park
Piperlongumine (PL) is a natural product found in long pepper (Piper longum ). The pharmacological effects of PL are well known, and it has been used for pain, hepatoprotection, and asthma in Oriental medicine. No studies have examined the effects of PL on bone tissue or bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis. The current study investigated for the first time the inhibitory effects of PL on osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by the receptor activator for nuclear factor- κB ligand (RANKL). Cytotoxicity was examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and pit formation analysis. Osteoclast differentiation factors were confirmed by western blotting. PL exhibited toxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorption, in addition to inhibiting the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related factors, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), c-Fos, and NFATc1, in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that PL is suitable for the treatment of osteoporosis, and it serves as a potential therapeutic agent for various bone diseases.
{"title":"Piperlongumine suppressed osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 macrophages","authors":"Sun Jin, Hae-Mi Kang, D. Park, Su-Bin Yu, In-Ryoung Kim, B. Park","doi":"10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.89","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.89","url":null,"abstract":"Piperlongumine (PL) is a natural product found in long pepper (Piper longum ). The pharmacological effects of PL are well known, and it has been used for pain, hepatoprotection, and asthma in Oriental medicine. No studies have examined the effects of PL on bone tissue or bone-related diseases, including osteoporosis. The current study investigated for the first time the inhibitory effects of PL on osteoclast differentiation, bone resorption, and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by the receptor activator for nuclear factor- κB ligand (RANKL). Cytotoxicity was examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption were confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and pit formation analysis. Osteoclast differentiation factors were confirmed by western blotting. PL exhibited toxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages, inhibiting osteoclast formation and bone resorption, in addition to inhibiting the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related factors, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), c-Fos, and NFATc1, in RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. These findings suggest that PL is suitable for the treatment of osteoporosis, and it serves as a potential therapeutic agent for various bone diseases.","PeriodicalId":14180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74915975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.115
Jong-Hui Kim, Soobeen Hwang, Seo-in Park, S. Jo
Among the environmental chemicals that may be able to disrupt the endocrine systems of animals and humans are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a chemical class of considerable concern. PCB consists of two six-carbon rings linked by a single carbon bond, and theoretically, 209 congeners can form, depending on the number of chlorines and their location on the biphenyl rings. Furthermore, 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) exposure also increases nitric oxide production and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells binding activity in chondrocytes, thus contributing as an initiator of chondrocyte apoptosis and resulting in thymic atrophy and immunosuppression. This study identified whether cardiac and immune abnormalities from PCB126 were caused by the Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels. PCB126 did not affect either the steady-state current or peak current of the Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels. However, PCB126 right-shifted the steady-state activation curves of human Kv1.3 channels. These results suggest that PCBs can affect the heart in a way that does not block voltage-dependent potassium channels including Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 directly.
{"title":"Effects of 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl on human Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels","authors":"Jong-Hui Kim, Soobeen Hwang, Seo-in Park, S. Jo","doi":"10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11620/ijob.2019.44.3.115","url":null,"abstract":"Among the environmental chemicals that may be able to disrupt the endocrine systems of animals and humans are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a chemical class of considerable concern. PCB consists of two six-carbon rings linked by a single carbon bond, and theoretically, 209 congeners can form, depending on the number of chlorines and their location on the biphenyl rings. Furthermore, 3,3’,4,4’,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) exposure also increases nitric oxide production and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells binding activity in chondrocytes, thus contributing as an initiator of chondrocyte apoptosis and resulting in thymic atrophy and immunosuppression. This study identified whether cardiac and immune abnormalities from PCB126 were caused by the Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels. PCB126 did not affect either the steady-state current or peak current of the Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 channels. However, PCB126 right-shifted the steady-state activation curves of human Kv1.3 channels. These results suggest that PCBs can affect the heart in a way that does not block voltage-dependent potassium channels including Kv1.3 and Kv1.5 directly.","PeriodicalId":14180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90705017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.11620/IJOB.2019.44.2.62
Eunjoo Park, H. Na, S. Jeong, Jin Chung
{"title":"Xylitol stimulates saliva secretion via muscarinic receptor signaling pathway","authors":"Eunjoo Park, H. Na, S. Jeong, Jin Chung","doi":"10.11620/IJOB.2019.44.2.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11620/IJOB.2019.44.2.62","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83024860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.11620/IJOB.2019.44.2.37
Seung Hwa Son, W. Chung
Cancer of the lip and oral cavity is a rising problem worldwide with around 300,000 new cases per annum [1]. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is detected in most patients with oral cancer [2]. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often happens at the gingiva and tongue and contributes above 90% of all oral cancers [3,4]. Genetic aspects and environmental factors, including alcohol abuse, smoking, viral infection, and chronic inflammation, have been associated with the pathogenesis of OSCC [5,6]. Due to the close anatomical structure of the oral mucosa and jaws, OSCC cells may frequently invade bone tissues. Tumors derived from the floor of the mouth, the retromolar zone, and the tongue invade the mandible in 62%, 48%, and 42%, respectively [7]. The patients with oral cancer generally have severe dysfunctions of speaking, chewing, and/or swallowing. Treatment and rehabilitation are particularly difficult in the patients with bone invasion. Thus, early detection and accurate prediction of bone invasion is important to plan surgical ablation and minimize the spread of tumor cells, especially to induce maxillary or mandibular conservative surgery. In general, OSCC bone invasion shows histologically two distinct patterns. One is the less aggressive erosive pattern with a tumor mass that invades on a broad pushing front and is detached from the bone by the connective tissue layer. The other is the invasive pattern in which the connective tissue layer is destroyed and the islands of tumor penetrate the bone [7-9] (Fig. 1). The formation of two patterns is affected by regional anatomic aspects of exposed bone, particularly whether the progressing front of the neoplasm contacts cancellous bone, by Int J Oral Biol 44:37-42, 2019 pISSN: 1226-7155 • eISSN: 2287-6618 https://doi.org/10.11620/IJOB.2019.44.2.37
{"title":"Role of proteases, cytokines, and growth factors in bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma","authors":"Seung Hwa Son, W. Chung","doi":"10.11620/IJOB.2019.44.2.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11620/IJOB.2019.44.2.37","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer of the lip and oral cavity is a rising problem worldwide with around 300,000 new cases per annum [1]. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is detected in most patients with oral cancer [2]. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often happens at the gingiva and tongue and contributes above 90% of all oral cancers [3,4]. Genetic aspects and environmental factors, including alcohol abuse, smoking, viral infection, and chronic inflammation, have been associated with the pathogenesis of OSCC [5,6]. Due to the close anatomical structure of the oral mucosa and jaws, OSCC cells may frequently invade bone tissues. Tumors derived from the floor of the mouth, the retromolar zone, and the tongue invade the mandible in 62%, 48%, and 42%, respectively [7]. The patients with oral cancer generally have severe dysfunctions of speaking, chewing, and/or swallowing. Treatment and rehabilitation are particularly difficult in the patients with bone invasion. Thus, early detection and accurate prediction of bone invasion is important to plan surgical ablation and minimize the spread of tumor cells, especially to induce maxillary or mandibular conservative surgery. In general, OSCC bone invasion shows histologically two distinct patterns. One is the less aggressive erosive pattern with a tumor mass that invades on a broad pushing front and is detached from the bone by the connective tissue layer. The other is the invasive pattern in which the connective tissue layer is destroyed and the islands of tumor penetrate the bone [7-9] (Fig. 1). The formation of two patterns is affected by regional anatomic aspects of exposed bone, particularly whether the progressing front of the neoplasm contacts cancellous bone, by Int J Oral Biol 44:37-42, 2019 pISSN: 1226-7155 • eISSN: 2287-6618 https://doi.org/10.11620/IJOB.2019.44.2.37","PeriodicalId":14180,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Biology","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75365630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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