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Seismic Effect of the Offshore Structure Under Different Earthquake Loadings 不同地震荷载作用下海上结构的地震效应
Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.025
T. K. Kee, C. J. Cheok, M. A. Amzar Kamarudin, Saffuan Wan Ahmad, Reni Suryanti
Peninsular Malaysia is most affected by the distant Sumatra subduction zone earthquake. Meanwhile, Eastern Malaysia was subjected to major Philippine and Indonesian earthquake. Most of the offshore platform is at Terengganu, Sabah, and Sarawak. More than 65% of the offshore platform structure exceed the range of design between 20-30 years. This research aims to determine the vulnerability and risk analysis for the existing 3-legged offshore platform under earthquake load, study the behaviors of an offshore platform under major or minor earth-quake loading, and study the dynamic characteristic of an offshore platform. SAP 2000 is use to analyses and modelling the 3-legged offshore platform. In SAP 2000, the response spectrum, time history, and free vibration will be performed. The mixed load of the platform consists of dead load, imposed load, environment loads, and earthquake load. The position of the offshore platform has referred to American Petroleum Institute (API) standard. The major earthquake under off-shore platform is El-Centro and the minor is Aceh compared to time history. Based on this study, Malaysia can withstand this low seismic activity, overall joint acceleration, velocity and displacement.
马来西亚半岛受遥远的苏门答腊岛俯冲带地震影响最大。与此同时,马来西亚东部遭受了菲律宾和印度尼西亚的大地震。大部分海上平台位于丁加奴、沙巴和沙捞越。超过65%的海上平台结构超出了20-30年的设计范围。本研究旨在确定现有三足平台在地震荷载作用下的易损性和风险分析,研究海洋平台在大、小地震荷载作用下的行为,研究海洋平台的动力特性。SAP 2000用于分析和建模三足海上平台。在sap2000中,将执行响应谱、时程和自由振动。平台的混合荷载包括恒载、外加荷载、环境荷载和地震荷载。海上平台的位置参照美国石油协会(API)标准。与时间历史相比,海上平台下的主要地震发生在埃尔森特罗,次要地震发生在亚齐。根据本研究,马来西亚可以承受这种低地震活动,整体关节加速度,速度和位移。
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引用次数: 0
Downlink Massive MIMO Systems: Reduction of Pilot Contamination for Channel Estimation with Perfect Knowledge of Large-Scale Fading 下行链路大规模MIMO系统:在完全了解大规模衰落的情况下减少信道估计中的导频污染
Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.024
Qazwan Abdullah, Nor Shahida Mohd Shah, Adeb Salh, Akram A. Almohammedi, Shipun Hamza Anuar, Bin Saeed A. B.
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology is considered crucial for the development of future fifth-generation (5G) systems. However, a limitation of massive MIMO systems arises from the lack of orthogonality in the pilot sequences transmitted by users from a single cell to neighboring cells. To address this constraint, a proposed solution involves utilizing orthogonal pilot reuse sequences (PRS) and zero forced (ZF) pre-coding techniques. The primary objective of these techniques is to eradicate channel interference and improve the experience of end users who are afflicted by low-quality channels. The assessment of the channel involves evaluating its quality through channel assessment, conducting comprehensive evaluations of large-scale shutdowns, and analyzing the maximum transmission efficiency. By assigning PRS to a group of users, the proposed approach establishes lower bounds for the achievable downlink data rate (DR) and signal-to-interference noise ratio (SINR). These bounds are derived by considering the number of antennas approaches infinity which helps mitigate interference. Simulation results demonstrate that the utilization of improved channel evaluation and reduced loss leads to higher DR. When comparing different precoding techniques, the ZF method outperforms maximum ratio transmission (MRT) precoders in achieving a higher DR, particularly when the number of cells reaches 𝛶𝛶𝑝𝑝=7.
大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)技术被认为是未来第五代(5G)系统发展的关键。然而,大规模MIMO系统的局限性在于用户从单个小区传输到相邻小区的导频序列缺乏正交性。为了解决这个问题,提出了一种利用正交导频复用序列(PRS)和零强制(ZF)预编码技术的解决方案。这些技术的主要目标是消除信道干扰,改善受低质量信道困扰的终端用户的体验。通道的评估包括通过通道评估来评估其质量,对大规模停运进行综合评估,分析最大传输效率。通过将PRS分配给一组用户,该方法建立了可实现的下行数据速率(DR)和信噪比(SINR)的下界。这些边界是通过考虑天线的数量趋于无穷大而得到的,这有助于减轻干扰。仿真结果表明,利用改进的信道评估和减少的损耗可以获得更高的DR。当比较不同的预编码技术时,ZF方法在实现更高的DR方面优于最大比率传输(MRT)预编码,特别是当单元数达到𝛶𝛶𝑝𝑝=7时。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Biosensor Based on the Conducting Polymer Using Self-Assembly Technique 基于自组装导电聚合物的过氧化氢(H2O2)生物传感器
Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.025
Siti Amira Othman, Shahidan Radiman
Biosensors are in principle fabricated by immobilized biomaterials on a detector membrane and combining them with electrochemical equipment. The applications of enzyme-based biosensors can be explored such as in the process of gas detection, medicine, pathogen detection and detection of toxic levels of substances before and after bioremediation. In this study, H2O2 detection was performed using HRP/PANI, HRP/PPY, HRP/PT and HRP/PT/PPY/PANI layers. The HRP/PANI layer from Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscopy (VPSEM) image exhibited a dry surface. The HRP/PPY layer exhibited a surface with agglomerate molecules. The HRP/PT layer, on the hand, exhibited a layer surface with almost the same molecular size. This is confirmed by the higher surface roughness value for HRP/PPY compared to other layers obtained via characterization with Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The increasing current response for all three layers was arranged in HRP/PANI> HRP/PT> HRP/PPY. VPSEM and AFM images exhibited surfaces with molecules being in an agglomeration state after the H2O2 detection process. In terms of current response, the response rate of H2O2on the surface of the HRP/PT/PPY/PANI electrode caused the current response obtained to be fast. The roughness value increased with time due to the reaction that took place between the surface of the HRP/PT/PPY/PANI layer with H2O2. The day-based current response showed that day 1 to day 14 exhibited a uniform graph pattern but from day 21 to day 30 there was a change in the graph pattern due to the HRP/PT/PPY/PANI layer undergoing degradation. The activity of the HRP enzyme was studied by looking at its absorption effect for 30 days. From day 1 to day 14, there was a difference in the overall rate of absorption. However, from day 21 to day 30, the rate of absorption remained constant which explains the slowing down of HRP activity.
生物传感器的原理是将固定化的生物材料固定在检测膜上,并将其与电化学设备相结合。可以探索酶基生物传感器在气体检测、医学、病原体检测、生物修复前后物质毒性水平检测等过程中的应用。本研究采用HRP/PANI、HRP/PPY、HRP/PT和HRP/PT/PPY/PANI层进行H2O2检测。变压扫描电镜(VPSEM)图像显示HRP/PANI层表面干燥。HRP/PPY层表现出分子聚集的表面。另一方面,HRP/PT层表现出几乎相同分子大小的层表面。与原子力显微镜(AFM)表征获得的其他层相比,HRP/PPY的表面粗糙度值更高,证实了这一点。所有三层的电流响应均在HRP/PANI>合/ PT>合/ PPY。在H2O2检测过程中,VPSEM和AFM图像显示分子表面处于团聚状态。在电流响应方面,h2o2在HRP/PT/PPY/PANI电极表面的响应速率使得得到的电流响应速度很快。由于HRP/PT/PPY/PANI层表面与H2O2发生反应,粗糙度值随时间增加。基于日的电流响应显示,第1天至第14天呈现均匀的图形模式,但从第21天至第30天,由于HRP/PT/PPY/PANI层发生降解,图形模式发生变化。通过观察其30天的吸收效果,研究了HRP酶的活性。从第1天到第14天,总吸收率有所不同。然而,从第21天到第30天,吸收率保持不变,这解释了HRP活性的减慢。
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引用次数: 0
Validating The Impact of Psychological, Physical, and Social Factors On Workplace Well-Being at Construction Sites 验证心理、生理和社会因素对建筑工地工作场所幸福感的影响
Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.024
Afiqah R. Radzi, Rahimi A. Rahman, Ahmad Rizal Alias, Saud Almutairi
A good workplace well-being environment can increase employee resilience, work engagement, project performance, and productivity, as well as reduce sick days. Research suggests that physical, psychological, and social factors are the underlying factors for a good workplace well-being However, the underlying factors for workplace well-being at construction sites may differ. This study aims to validate the relationships between underlying factors (i.e., physical, psychological, and social) and workplace well-being at construction sites. A questionnaire survey was developed from a list of factors influencing workplace well-being and distributed to construction professionals. The collected data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validatethe relationships between the underlying factors and workplace well-being at construction sites. The analysisrevealed that physical, psychological, and social factors are also influencing workplace well-being at construction sites. Researchers and industry practitioners can use these findings to confidently establish strategies to increase workplace well-being of construction workers.
良好的工作环境可以提高员工的适应能力、工作参与度、项目绩效和生产力,还可以减少病假。研究表明,身体、心理和社会因素是良好工作场所幸福感的潜在因素。然而,建筑工地工作场所幸福感的潜在因素可能有所不同。本研究旨在验证潜在因素(即身体、心理和社会)与建筑工地工作场所幸福感之间的关系。从影响工作场所幸福感的因素列表中开发了一份问卷调查,并分发给建筑专业人员。采用验证性因子分析(CFA)对收集的数据进行分析,以验证潜在因素与建筑工地工作场所幸福感之间的关系。分析显示,身体、心理和社会因素也影响着建筑工地工作场所的幸福感。研究人员和行业从业者可以利用这些发现,自信地建立战略,以提高工作场所的建筑工人的福祉。
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引用次数: 0
A Literature Review On the Use of Bamboo as A Truss Member and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer as A Truss Jointing Material 竹材作桁架构件和纤维增强聚合物作桁架连接材料的文献综述
IF 0.6 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.017
Joe Robert Paul G. Lucena, Orlean G. Dela Cruz
A truss is a structure that has a rigid configuration formed by an assembly of straight members connected by pins. Many roofing systems use trusses, but the wide variety of truss configurations in architecture is an advantage to creating vast arrays of aesthetics in buildings. Steel, mainly plain carbon steel designated A36, is the most used material for truss members and joint connectors. However, these members are both heavy and non-sustainable, soseveral kinds of literature recommend studying the potential of using lightweight and sustainable alternatives. This review focuses on using bamboo in truss and the potential of fiber-reinforced composite as a truss joint connector. Bamboo culms and glued-laminated bamboo (glubam) are the two types of bamboo commonly used in truss fabrication based on the review. Bamboo culms from Dendrocalamus asper exhibit a tensile strength of 340 MPa, while the glubam made of Yushania alpina has 364 MPa. Other mechanical properties of bamboo necessary for the truss analysis are not yet clearly defined, although studies used ASTM D143-09 to determine several mechanical properties of bamboo or glubam. Fiber-reinforced composite can exhibit an enormous array of varieties and still demonstrate a strength close to or even higher than steel. It is lightweight and can reach a tensile strength of 700 MPa. The researcher recommends synthesizing bamboo or glubam as truss members and fiber-reinforced composite as truss joint connectors.
桁架是一种具有刚性结构的结构,由由销钉连接的直构件组合而成。许多屋顶系统使用桁架,但是各种各样的桁架结构在建筑中是一个优势,可以在建筑中创造巨大的美学阵列。钢,主要是代号为A36的普通碳素钢,是桁架构件和接头接头最常用的材料。然而,这些成员既重又不可持续,所以一些文献建议研究使用轻量级和可持续替代品的潜力。本文综述了竹材在桁架中的应用以及纤维增强复合材料作为桁架接头接头的潜力。竹竿和胶合竹材是桁架制造中常用的两种竹材。竹材的抗拉强度为340 MPa,而玉山竹材的抗拉强度为364 MPa。尽管研究使用ASTM D143-09来确定竹或竹的几种机械性能,但对桁架分析所需的竹的其他机械性能尚未明确定义。纤维增强复合材料可以表现出大量的品种,并且仍然显示出接近甚至高于钢的强度。它重量轻,抗拉强度可达700mpa。研究人员建议合成竹子或橡胶木作为桁架构件,纤维增强复合材料作为桁架接头接头。
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引用次数: 0
Recognition of Radar-Based Deaf Sign Language Using Convolution Neural Network 基于卷积神经网络的雷达聋人手语识别
IF 0.6 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.012
M. Malik, W. Mansor, N. E. Abdul Rashid, M. Z. Rahman
The difficulties in the communication between the deaf and normal people through sign language can be overcome by implementing deep learning in the gestures signal recognition. The use of the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) in distinguishing radar-based gesture signals of deaf sign language has not been investigated.This paper describes the recognition of gestures of deaf sign language using radar and CNN. Six gestures of deaf sign language were acquired from normal subjects using a radar system and processed. Short-time Fourier Transform wasperformed to extract the gestures features and the classification was performed using CNN. The performance of CNN was examined using two types of inputs; segmented and non-segmented spectrograms. The accuracy of recognising the gestures is higher (92.31%)using the non-segmented spectrograms compared to the segmented spectrogram. The radar-based deaf sign language could be recognised accurately using CNN without segmentation.
聋人与正常人通过手语交流的困难可以通过在手势信号识别中实施深度学习来克服。卷积神经网络(CNN)在聋人手语雷达手势信号识别中的应用尚未得到研究。本文介绍了利用雷达和CNN对聋人手语手势的识别。利用雷达系统对正常人的六种聋人手语手势进行识别和处理。采用短时傅里叶变换提取手势特征,并利用CNN进行分类。使用两种类型的输入来检验CNN的性能;分段和非分段谱图。与分割频谱图相比,使用非分割频谱图识别手势的准确率(92.31%)更高。利用CNN对基于雷达的聋人手语进行不分割的准确识别。
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引用次数: 1
Development of an IoT Embedded Wearable Device with Non-Contact Temperature Detector for Early Detection of Fever 基于非接触式温度检测器的物联网嵌入式可穿戴设备的早期发热检测
IF 0.6 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.002
Nayli Nabila Azman, Mitra Mohd Addi, Amr Al-Abed
One of the most common and early symptoms of any viral infections is fever which is the reaction to a disease-specific stimulus causing the increase of human body temperature. The current common method of monitoring the human body temperature uses the application of non-contact infrared thermometer (NCIT) and is only limited for stationary conditions within short distances and mostly suitable for indoor premises. The available technology to detect human body temperature for longer distances uses the thermal camera which is costly and large. Thus, it is challenging to detect anyone with high body temperature innon-stationary conditions, at longer distances, especially outdoor. The paper proposes an innovation to the current practice, for a wearable non-contact temperature detector device which is portable. The wearable non-contact temperature detector embeds a thermal sensor and a microcontroller to a normal hat. It is able to detect objects with higher temperature (37.5 C)within 1 meter radius of 60° angle viewin stationary and non-stationary conditions. The wearable device communicates via Bluetooth to a mobile device to display the detected temperature and notifies the user via alert message and alarm for high temperature detection. Display of the object’s thermal image is also available with a resolution of 8 8 pixel. The wearable non-contact temperature detector is able to achieve 99% accuracy of temperature measurement for detection distance of up to 70 cm for indoor and within 20 cm for outdoor when tested with normal temperature subject and high temperature objectsand compared with the actual temperature detected via a commercial NCIT device.
任何病毒感染最常见的早期症状之一是发烧,这是对导致人体体温升高的疾病特异性刺激的反应。目前常用的监测人体温度的方法使用非接触式红外温度计(NCIT)的应用,仅限于短距离内的固定条件,并且大多适用于室内场所。现有的远距离检测人体温度的技术使用成本高、体积大的热像仪。因此,在非静止条件下,在更远的距离,尤其是在户外,检测任何体温高的人都是一项挑战。本文对目前的实践提出了一种创新,即便携式可穿戴非接触式温度检测装置。这种可穿戴的非接触式温度探测器在普通帽子上嵌入了一个热传感器和一个微控制器。它能够检测温度较高的物体(37.5C) 在静止和非静止条件下,在60°角视图的1米半径范围内。可穿戴设备通过蓝牙与移动设备通信,以显示检测到的温度,并通过警报消息和高温检测警报通知用户。物体热图像的显示也可用,分辨率为8.8像素。与商用NCIT设备检测到的实际温度相比,该可穿戴式非接触式温度检测器在常温物体和高温物体上进行测试时,能够实现99%的温度测量精度,室内检测距离可达70cm,室外检测距离在20cm以内。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Foamed Concrete and Cold-Formed Steel Decking as Lightweight Composite Slabs: Experimental Study On Structural Behaviour 泡沫混凝土和冷弯型钢面板作为轻质复合板的应用——结构性能试验研究
IF 0.6 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.009
Z. Jaini, R. Rum, S. Hakim, S. N. Mokhatar
This paper presents an investigation of ultimate load, maximum deflection and failure mode of foamed concrete composite slabs (FCCS). Of interest are the effects of dry density and slab thickness. Unlike conventional composite slabs, FCCS has the advantage of eliminating the selfweight penalty and thus reducing the underlying structural members.With the advanced research in concrete technology, foamed concrete with sufficient strength propertiesto meet the requirements of standard code of practise has been successfully introduced. Foamed concrete isknown for its lightweight and versatility.In the experimental study, the slab specimens with a span of 1800 mm, a width of 840 mm and different slab thicknessesof100 mm to 150 mm were prepared for the three-point bending test. The dry density of foamed concrete is 1400 kg/m3, 1600 kg/m3, and 1800 kg/m3, which has a compressive strength of about 20 MPa to 40 MPa. Dry density and slab thickness have been observed to have significant effects on ultimate load and maximum deflection. Higher dry density of foamed concrete provides better slip resistance and thus reduces shear bond failure. On the other hand, slab specimens with a higher slab thickness tend to have better bearing capacity due to greater bending stiffness. The main failure mode is dominated by localised bending on the profiled steel deck, slip-displacement and fracture ofthe foamed concrete.
本文对泡沫混凝土叠合板的极限荷载、最大挠度和破坏模式进行了研究。令人感兴趣的是干密度和板坯厚度的影响。与传统的复合板不同,FCCS具有消除自重损失的优点,从而减少了底层结构构件。随着混凝土技术研究的不断深入,具有足够强度性能满足规范要求的泡沫混凝土已成功推出。泡沫混凝土以其轻便和多功能性而闻名。在试验研究中,准备了跨度为1800 mm、宽度为840 mm、不同板厚为100 ~ 150 mm的板试件进行三点弯曲试验。泡沫混凝土干密度分别为1400kg /m3、1600kg /m3、1800kg /m3,抗压强度约为20mpa ~ 40mpa。干密度和板坯厚度对极限荷载和最大挠度有显著影响。干密度越大,泡沫混凝土的抗滑性能越好,从而减少剪切破坏。另一方面,板厚越厚的试件,其抗弯刚度越大,承载能力越好。主要破坏形式为型钢桥面局部弯曲、泡沫混凝土滑移和断裂。
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引用次数: 0
Relationship Between Various Cement Mixture, Cement Fixation and Gait Study for Total Hip Replacement Via Finite Element Analysis (FEA) 全髋关节置换术中不同骨水泥混合物、骨水泥固定与步态关系的有限元分析
IF 0.6 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.004
S. Shuib, A. Z. Romli, Iffa Mohd Arrif, Najwa Syakirah Hamizan, N. Saeid
To secure the total hip replacement (THR) components, introduced in the 1960s, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement was used as a fixation. The cement polymerizes and becomes firm to hold the implant in place. However, the failure of cement in total hip replacement may lead to hip fractures and dislocations which is detrimental to the patient’s well-being whether in the short-term or long-term. Hence, the aim of this study is to find suitable cement mixtures for total hip replacement compromising of Young Modulus of 2.24 GPa, 0.3129 GPa, 0.03394 GPa and 0.07961 GPa, as reported from prior research. Three separate sorts of proximal cemented techniques were used to deposit the PMMA cement: 40 mm cement reduction, 80 mm cement reduction and full cement (datum). The Titanium Ti-6A1-4V (Ti-41) Charnley hip implant stem model with a Young Modulus of 100 GPa and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.3 was applied in the ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2 software to be analyzed with the three different proximal cemented approaches for each cement mixtures. Subsequently, the total deformation and von Mises stress were simulated under various loading circumstances, including standing, walking, stair climbing and falling. Nevertheless, as shown in the results obtained, all the hip implants consider safe because their von Mises stress does not exceed the yield strength of Titanium Ti-6A1-4V, which is 0.88 GPa. Finally, it may be concluded that, in comparison to the full cement (datum) and 80 mm cement reduction with Young Modulus of 2.24 GPa, 0.3129 GPa, 0.03394 GPa and 0.07961 GPa, the most improvement in the context of total deformation and von Mises stress is the 40 mm cement reduction with Young Modulus of 2.24 GPa.
在20世纪60年代引入的全髋关节置换术(THR)部件中,使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥作为固定物。水泥聚合并变得牢固以固定植入物。然而,在全髋关节置换术中,骨水泥的失败可能导致髋部骨折和脱位,这对患者的短期或长期健康都是不利的。因此,本研究的目的是寻找适合全髋关节置换术的水泥混合物,如先前研究报道的杨氏模量为2.24 GPa、0.3129 GPa、0.03394 GPa和0.07961 GPa。采用三种不同的近端骨水泥技术沉积PMMA骨水泥:40mm骨水泥复位、80mm骨水泥复位和全骨水泥(基准面)。采用杨氏模量为100 GPa、泊松比为0.3的Ti-6A1-4V (Ti-41) Charnley髋关节假体干模型,在ANSYS Workbench 2020 R2软件中对每种水泥混合物的三种不同近端胶结入路进行分析。随后,模拟了站立、行走、爬楼梯和坠落等不同加载情况下的总变形和von Mises应力。然而,从得到的结果来看,所有髋关节植入物都是安全的,因为它们的von Mises应力不超过钛Ti-6A1-4V的屈服强度0.88 GPa。最后,可以得出结论,与全水泥(基准)和80 mm水泥减少量(杨氏模量为2.24 GPa、0.3129 GPa、0.03394 GPa和0.07961 GPa)相比,在总变形和von Mises应力条件下,改善最大的是40 mm水泥减少量(杨氏模量为2.24 GPa)。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of ConViT on COVID-19 Lung Image Classification and the Effects of Image Resolution and Number of Attention Heads ConViT对COVID-19肺部图像分类及图像分辨率和注意头数影响的研究
IF 0.6 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.005
P. L. Thon, J. Than, Norliza M. Noor, Jun Han, Patrick Then
COVID-19 has beenone of the popular foci in the research community since its first outbreak in China, 2019. Radiological patternssuch as ground glass opacity (GGO) andconsolidations are often found inCT scan images ofmoderate to severe COVID-19 patients. Therefore, a deep learning model can be trained to distinguish COVID-19 patients using their CT scan images. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has been a popular choice for this type of classification task. Anotherpotential method is the use ofvisiontransformer with convolution, resulting in Convolutional Vision Transformer (ConViT), to possibly produce on par performance using less computational resources. In this study, ConViT is applied to diagnose COVID-19 cases from lung CT scan images. Particularly, we investigated the relationship of the input image pixel resolutions and the number of attention heads used in ConViT and their effects on the model’s performance.Specifically, we used 512x512, 224x224 and 128x128 pixels resolution to train the modelwith 4 (tiny), 9 (small) and 16 (base) number of attention heads used. An open access dataset consisting of 2282 COVID-19 CT images and 9776 Normal CT images from Iran is used in this study. Byusing 128x128 image pixels resolution,training using 16 attention heads, the ConViT modelhas achieved an accuracy of98.01%,sensitivity of90.83%, specificity of99.69%, positive predictive value (PPV) of95.58%, negative predictive value (NPV) of97.89%and F1-score of94.55%.The model has also achieved improvedperformance over other recent studiesthat usedthe same dataset.In conclusion, this study has shown that theConViTmodel can play a meaningful role to complement RT-PCR test on COVID-19 close contacts and patients.
自2019年新冠肺炎在中国首次爆发以来,它一直是研究界的热点之一。在中重度新冠肺炎患者的CT扫描图像中经常发现磨玻璃样不透明(GGO)和合并等放射模式。因此,可以训练深度学习模型,以使用新冠肺炎患者的CT扫描图像来区分他们。卷积神经网络(CNNs)一直是这类分类任务的热门选择。另一种潜在的方法是使用具有卷积的视觉变换器,从而产生卷积视觉变换器(ConViT),从而可能使用较少的计算资源产生同等的性能。在本研究中,ConViT应用于从肺部CT扫描图像诊断新冠肺炎病例。特别地,我们研究了输入图像像素分辨率与ConViT中使用的注意力头数量之间的关系,以及它们对模型性能的影响。具体来说,我们使用512x512、224x224和128x128像素的分辨率来训练模型,使用了4个(微小)、9个(小)和16个(基本)注意力头。本研究使用了一个开放访问数据集,由2282张新冠肺炎CT图像和9776张伊朗正常CT图像组成。通过使用128x128像素的分辨率,使用16个注意力头进行训练,ConViT模型的准确率为98.01%,灵敏度为90.83%,特异性为99.69%,阳性预测值(PPV)为95.58%,阴性预测值(NPV)为97.89%,F1得分为94.55%。该模型的性能也比最近使用相同数据集的其他研究有所提高。总之,本研究表明,CoVit模型可以在补充新冠肺炎密切接触者和患者的RT-PCR检测方面发挥有意义的作用。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Integrated Engineering
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