Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.028
Kamal Yousef Ali Zreba, Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar, Farah Naemah Mohd Saad, Irnis Azura Zakarya, Rajeb Salem A.Hwidi
Plastics have become a significant threat to natural ecosystems as well as human health. The use and consumption of plastics improves our quality of life significantly, but it is critical to transition to more sustainable alternatives. Thus, the current study proposes an investigation into the impact of single use plastic products during pandemic on the impact to the environment from the Malaysian and Libyan perspective. A pilot study was conducted toexaminethe strength of the questionnaire in collecting on the environmental impacts of single use plastic during COVID-19 pandemic distributed across two countries (Libya and Malaysia). SPSS was used to test the questionnaires' strength with 40 participants, 20 in eachnation. The reliability test resultswith Cronbach’s Alphapredicted values of 0.7-0.86 and actual data Alpha values 0.87-0.93, normal test of variance inflation factor ranging between 1 and 5,skewnessand kurtosis valuesof -1.343 to -0.076and 5.312 to -0.024 respectively confirmed the strength of the questionnaires as benchmarked in the literature. Further, the participants' responses to the quality of the questionnaire in determining the single use plastic impact to environmentalhave clearly revealed the strength and applicability of this questionnaire for wider data collections.
{"title":"\"Malaysian and Libyan Perspectives on Single-Use Plastic's Environmental Impact During the Pandemic COVID-19: A Pilot Study\"","authors":"Kamal Yousef Ali Zreba, Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar, Farah Naemah Mohd Saad, Irnis Azura Zakarya, Rajeb Salem A.Hwidi","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics have become a significant threat to natural ecosystems as well as human health. The use and consumption of plastics improves our quality of life significantly, but it is critical to transition to more sustainable alternatives. Thus, the current study proposes an investigation into the impact of single use plastic products during pandemic on the impact to the environment from the Malaysian and Libyan perspective. A pilot study was conducted toexaminethe strength of the questionnaire in collecting on the environmental impacts of single use plastic during COVID-19 pandemic distributed across two countries (Libya and Malaysia). SPSS was used to test the questionnaires' strength with 40 participants, 20 in eachnation. The reliability test resultswith Cronbach’s Alphapredicted values of 0.7-0.86 and actual data Alpha values 0.87-0.93, normal test of variance inflation factor ranging between 1 and 5,skewnessand kurtosis valuesof -1.343 to -0.076and 5.312 to -0.024 respectively confirmed the strength of the questionnaires as benchmarked in the literature. Further, the participants' responses to the quality of the questionnaire in determining the single use plastic impact to environmentalhave clearly revealed the strength and applicability of this questionnaire for wider data collections.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.006
N. Ibrahim, Hanna Athirah Muhammad Rashidi
This study investigates the density and compressive strength of interlocking bricks made of mortar added with kaolin clay as cement replacement and RHA for sand replacement. This research also investigated the chemical composition of kaolin clay and RHA used for the interlocking bricks. The mortar used was designed based on the concrete mix proportion of 1:2:3 but removed the coarse aggregate. The water-to-cement ratio utilized was 0.6. Each design mix comprises a combination of kaolin clay and RHA at 5%, 10% and 15% by the total weight of cement and sand, respectively. This paper demonstrates the chemical elements of the kaolin clay and RHA and reports the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks comparedto control samples. The results indicate that the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks decreases as the percentage of kaolin clay and RHA increases. The design mix containing 5% kaolin clay and RHA showed the highest density and compressive strength at 28 days, but the values were smaller than the control mix.In comparison to the control mix, the finding is as follows. At 28 days, the range of density reduction from day 3 for all mixes is between 16 to 25%. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of all mixes decreased by more than 65%, measured in the same duration. The result also showed that silicon dioxide (SiO2) contributes the most significant chemical element in kaolin clay and RHA. Kaolin clay contains almost 65% of SiO2, while RHA holds more than 90% of SiO2.
{"title":"Interlocking Bricks: Density and Compressive Strength Reduction Due to Addition of Kaolin Clay and RHA","authors":"N. Ibrahim, Hanna Athirah Muhammad Rashidi","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the density and compressive strength of interlocking bricks made of mortar added with kaolin clay as cement replacement and RHA for sand replacement. This research also investigated the chemical composition of kaolin clay and RHA used for the interlocking bricks. The mortar used was designed based on the concrete mix proportion of 1:2:3 but removed the coarse aggregate. The water-to-cement ratio utilized was 0.6. Each design mix comprises a combination of kaolin clay and RHA at 5%, 10% and 15% by the total weight of cement and sand, respectively. This paper demonstrates the chemical elements of the kaolin clay and RHA and reports the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks comparedto control samples. The results indicate that the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks decreases as the percentage of kaolin clay and RHA increases. The design mix containing 5% kaolin clay and RHA showed the highest density and compressive strength at 28 days, but the values were smaller than the control mix.In comparison to the control mix, the finding is as follows. At 28 days, the range of density reduction from day 3 for all mixes is between 16 to 25%. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of all mixes decreased by more than 65%, measured in the same duration. The result also showed that silicon dioxide (SiO2) contributes the most significant chemical element in kaolin clay and RHA. Kaolin clay contains almost 65% of SiO2, while RHA holds more than 90% of SiO2.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43430930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.004
Dian M. Setiawan
Most of previous studies employed dynamic stability test and Hamburg wheel tracking test to investigate permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete (AC) layer. However, the permanent deformation performance only focuses on the surface course and neglected the influence of middle layer and base course. The present study investigates the permanent deformation characteristics of four (4) different configurations of flexible pavement and analyzes the contribution of AC surface and AC base course to the total permanent deformation of AC layer as the response to various truck’s speed, hauling loads, and loading cycles. Finite element modeling was performed to evaluate critical locations below the tire tread of single unit two-axles truck with the greatest magnitude of permanent deformation and to determine the optimum configuration of flexible pavement by considering the linear viscoelastic behavior of two types of AC mixtures. It can be concluded that the largest permanent deformation is measured below the right edge of the outer tire. The contribution of AC surface course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s speed is only about 14.81% to 16.39%, while the contribution of AC surface course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s hauling loads as well as the increase in the number of passing trucks is only around 14.76% to 16.44%. On the other hand, the contribution of AC base course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s speed from is reaching 83.61% to 85.19%, while the contribution of AC base course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s hauling loads as well as the increase in the number of passing trucks is achieving 83.56% to 85.24%.
{"title":"Permanent Deformation Characteristics of Flexible Pavement Under Palm Oil Freight Truck Loading","authors":"Dian M. Setiawan","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Most of previous studies employed dynamic stability test and Hamburg wheel tracking test to investigate permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete (AC) layer. However, the permanent deformation performance only focuses on the surface course and neglected the influence of middle layer and base course. The present study investigates the permanent deformation characteristics of four (4) different configurations of flexible pavement and analyzes the contribution of AC surface and AC base course to the total permanent deformation of AC layer as the response to various truck’s speed, hauling loads, and loading cycles. Finite element modeling was performed to evaluate critical locations below the tire tread of single unit two-axles truck with the greatest magnitude of permanent deformation and to determine the optimum configuration of flexible pavement by considering the linear viscoelastic behavior of two types of AC mixtures. It can be concluded that the largest permanent deformation is measured below the right edge of the outer tire. The contribution of AC surface course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s speed is only about 14.81% to 16.39%, while the contribution of AC surface course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s hauling loads as well as the increase in the number of passing trucks is only around 14.76% to 16.44%. On the other hand, the contribution of AC base course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s speed from is reaching 83.61% to 85.19%, while the contribution of AC base course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s hauling loads as well as the increase in the number of passing trucks is achieving 83.56% to 85.24%.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47716479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.020
Yoga Aprianto Harsoyo, M. Wibowo, J. Hatmoko, Hanin Fitria
Severalmetrics in the supply chain performance assessment system cannot be uncovered by merely putting a strategy into action. Meanwhile, the balanced scorecard strategynecessitates the incorporation of numerous measures derived from the implementation of strategies,ultimately guidingthe business towardits long-term orientation. The same is true for evaluating the effectiveness of a supply chain. The Business Service Chain (BSC)takes three viewpoints of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR)and expands them into four: financial, customer, internal business, and innovation and learning. Both the SCORand BSC methods can be utilized to implement a sustainable supply chain management system. These two methodswereemployed to solve supply chain issues in the constructionindustry. BSC aimed to compensate forSCOR’s limited focus on performance by considering two angles—those of internal business operations and customers. When compared to SCOR, BSC’s uniformity in the supply chain allowedfor more adaptable metrics when resizing; more applicable models, encompassingall processes;and easier performance monitoring; all through the utilization ofvarious metrics.
{"title":"Combination of SCOR-BSC and Regression Linear Programming to Assess the Performance of Construction SMEs in DIY and Central Java","authors":"Yoga Aprianto Harsoyo, M. Wibowo, J. Hatmoko, Hanin Fitria","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"Severalmetrics in the supply chain performance assessment system cannot be uncovered by merely putting a strategy into action. Meanwhile, the balanced scorecard strategynecessitates the incorporation of numerous measures derived from the implementation of strategies,ultimately guidingthe business towardits long-term orientation. The same is true for evaluating the effectiveness of a supply chain. The Business Service Chain (BSC)takes three viewpoints of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR)and expands them into four: financial, customer, internal business, and innovation and learning. Both the SCORand BSC methods can be utilized to implement a sustainable supply chain management system. These two methodswereemployed to solve supply chain issues in the constructionindustry. BSC aimed to compensate forSCOR’s limited focus on performance by considering two angles—those of internal business operations and customers. When compared to SCOR, BSC’s uniformity in the supply chain allowedfor more adaptable metrics when resizing; more applicable models, encompassingall processes;and easier performance monitoring; all through the utilization ofvarious metrics.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47440321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.026
Siti Norshafika Mohd Zain, Muhammad Rusydi Muhammad Razif, Dalila Misman, Abdul Hafidz Yusoff, Mohd Sofiyan Sulaiman, Muslim Abdullah Zaik, Nizzal Syafiq Bostaman, Muhammad Noorazlan Abd Azis
This wireless monitoring system is developed to alert and warn the resident regarding the upcoming flood. Due to the floods that occur every year, especially during the monsoon season, the loss and damage done by this disaster are uncontrollable. When the water level rise-up above the safe ground, it may hit the communication substation, as well as the power tower. In most cases, many residents are not alert with their surroundings because there is no alert system that can remind them regarding to the issues that will arise. By not preparing themselves for the upcoming nature disaster, it could endanger themselves and destroy their property. Thus, this project focus on monitoring a real-time river water level system for flood prediction purposes which utilize three devices connected together in a centralized system. By having this system, people will be notified about the current situation and the water level of the river near to them via Internet of Things (IoT) such as Blynk application. ESP32 and ESP32-Cam are used as the main microcontroller to control the system. The sensor used to detect the water level at the river is TF Mini Lidar and ultrasonic sensor for the water level detection of the rain gauge. The ESP32-cam are used to monitor the surrounding area at the river. The combination of these three systems is used to monitor and predict the flood occurrence.
{"title":"Development of a Wireless Monitoring System to Monitor River Water Levels in Real Time","authors":"Siti Norshafika Mohd Zain, Muhammad Rusydi Muhammad Razif, Dalila Misman, Abdul Hafidz Yusoff, Mohd Sofiyan Sulaiman, Muslim Abdullah Zaik, Nizzal Syafiq Bostaman, Muhammad Noorazlan Abd Azis","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.026","url":null,"abstract":"This wireless monitoring system is developed to alert and warn the resident regarding the upcoming flood. Due to the floods that occur every year, especially during the monsoon season, the loss and damage done by this disaster are uncontrollable. When the water level rise-up above the safe ground, it may hit the communication substation, as well as the power tower. In most cases, many residents are not alert with their surroundings because there is no alert system that can remind them regarding to the issues that will arise. By not preparing themselves for the upcoming nature disaster, it could endanger themselves and destroy their property. Thus, this project focus on monitoring a real-time river water level system for flood prediction purposes which utilize three devices connected together in a centralized system. By having this system, people will be notified about the current situation and the water level of the river near to them via Internet of Things (IoT) such as Blynk application. ESP32 and ESP32-Cam are used as the main microcontroller to control the system. The sensor used to detect the water level at the river is TF Mini Lidar and ultrasonic sensor for the water level detection of the rain gauge. The ESP32-cam are used to monitor the surrounding area at the river. The combination of these three systems is used to monitor and predict the flood occurrence.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.021
Hasliza Hassan, K. B. Hwa, S. I. M. Akhball, M.F. Kambas, I. I. Jamaludin
In this project, a 4x4 multiplier is implemented that utilizes the Urdhava Tiryakbhyam sutra method in Vedic mathematics. This method is applicable in all two decimal number multiplications which offers high speed calculation and improved efficiency. Thus, the design of a 4x4 Vedic-based multiplier is solely aimed at performing faster multiplications and achieving quicker processing speeds than the traditional multipliers. The architecture of the Vedic multiplier consists of four 2x2 multipliers and three adders of different bit sizes that are assembled using the Wallace tree implementation. The coding for the multipliers and adders is written in Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) in the Quartus Prime 17 Software. Functional simulation is then carried out to ensure that the Vedic multiplier performs the accurate multiplication operations, while the Verilog Compiled Simulator is employed to compile and simulate the multiplier design. Following this, the Design Compiler (DC) and Integrated Circuit Compiler (ICC) command scripts are then composed to allow the logic and physical synthesis to be performed on the Vedic and traditional multipliers. From there, the performance level of both these multipliers are assessed through reference to several key parameters such as timing, area, power consumption, overflow percentage and congestion statistics. Based on the results obtained in the synthesis process, the Vedic multiplier possesses faster operational speed than the traditional multiplier (due to a shorter processing time), butultimately exhibits a greater power consumption and wider area coverage.
在这个项目中，利用吠陀数学中的Urdhava Tiryakbhyam经方法实现了4x4倍增器。该方法适用于所有的二十进制数乘法，计算速度快，提高了运算效率。因此，基于vedic的4x4乘法器的设计仅仅是为了执行比传统乘法器更快的乘法和实现更快的处理速度。吠陀乘法器的架构由四个2x2乘法器和三个不同位大小的加法器组成，这些加法器使用华莱士树实现组装。乘法器和加法器的编码是在Quartus Prime 17软件中用Verilog硬件描述语言(HDL)编写的。然后进行功能仿真，以确保吠陀乘法器执行准确的乘法运算，同时使用Verilog编译模拟器对乘法器设计进行编译和仿真。在此之后，设计编译器(DC)和集成电路编译器(ICC)命令脚本被组成，以允许在吠陀和传统乘数器上执行逻辑和物理合成。在此基础上，通过参考几个关键参数(如时间、面积、功耗、溢出百分比和拥塞统计数据)来评估这两个乘法器的性能水平。根据合成过程中获得的结果，吠陀乘法器比传统乘法器具有更快的运算速度(由于处理时间更短)，但最终表现出更大的功耗和更广的覆盖范围。
{"title":"Design of Complex Multiplier Using Vedic Mathematics","authors":"Hasliza Hassan, K. B. Hwa, S. I. M. Akhball, M.F. Kambas, I. I. Jamaludin","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.021","url":null,"abstract":"In this project, a 4x4 multiplier is implemented that utilizes the Urdhava Tiryakbhyam sutra method in Vedic mathematics. This method is applicable in all two decimal number multiplications which offers high speed calculation and improved efficiency. Thus, the design of a 4x4 Vedic-based multiplier is solely aimed at performing faster multiplications and achieving quicker processing speeds than the traditional multipliers. The architecture of the Vedic multiplier consists of four 2x2 multipliers and three adders of different bit sizes that are assembled using the Wallace tree implementation. The coding for the multipliers and adders is written in Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL) in the Quartus Prime 17 Software. Functional simulation is then carried out to ensure that the Vedic multiplier performs the accurate multiplication operations, while the Verilog Compiled Simulator is employed to compile and simulate the multiplier design. Following this, the Design Compiler (DC) and Integrated Circuit Compiler (ICC) command scripts are then composed to allow the logic and physical synthesis to be performed on the Vedic and traditional multipliers. From there, the performance level of both these multipliers are assessed through reference to several key parameters such as timing, area, power consumption, overflow percentage and congestion statistics. Based on the results obtained in the synthesis process, the Vedic multiplier possesses faster operational speed than the traditional multiplier (due to a shorter processing time), butultimately exhibits a greater power consumption and wider area coverage.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.022
N.B. Salim, N.A. Zambri, M.B. Suhaimi, S. Y. Sim
Renewable energy sources (RES) are currently experiencing significant expansion, and the integration of these sources into power systems necessitates more complex auxiliary facilities. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have been widely recognized in recent literature as an effective means of enhancing control capabilities. This study focuses on the implementation of an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) system with the integration of BESS in a multi-area network. Maintaining system frequency, especially during peak loads, poses challenges for AGC systems. The objective of this study is to investigate the utilization of BESS to enhance AGC for frequency control in power system networks. Additionally, the effectiveness of BESS in improving frequency control in multi-area networks is demonstrated through several case studies. The AGC and BESS simulations were conducted using MATLAB Simulink to evaluate the proposed frequency control method's effectiveness.
{"title":"Automatic Generation Control System: The Impact of Battery Energy Storage in Multi Area Network","authors":"N.B. Salim, N.A. Zambri, M.B. Suhaimi, S. Y. Sim","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy sources (RES) are currently experiencing significant expansion, and the integration of these sources into power systems necessitates more complex auxiliary facilities. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) have been widely recognized in recent literature as an effective means of enhancing control capabilities. This study focuses on the implementation of an Automatic Generation Control (AGC) system with the integration of BESS in a multi-area network. Maintaining system frequency, especially during peak loads, poses challenges for AGC systems. The objective of this study is to investigate the utilization of BESS to enhance AGC for frequency control in power system networks. Additionally, the effectiveness of BESS in improving frequency control in multi-area networks is demonstrated through several case studies. The AGC and BESS simulations were conducted using MATLAB Simulink to evaluate the proposed frequency control method's effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.016
Renz Brixter B. Lingamen, Orlean G. Dela Cruz
Plastic disposal is now a significantproblem for the sustainability of the environment. And, viewing the engineering properties of plastics (e.g., lightweight, flexible, strong, moisture-resistant, and cheap) opens the possibility of using themas a structural material. Over the decade, many researchers have studied using plastics as a replacement for natural aggregates in concrete or as an additive.Besides, past experimental results have shown that adding plastic waste in concrete will alter the concrete's mechanical and durability properties. However,such concrete can still fulfillengineering properties and be used in other structures with low strength requirements. This research intends to try other possibilities of using plastic waste as partial aggregate and reinforcementinreinforced concrete.Therefore, it is proposed that researchers look into the effects of plastic particles in concrete on the environment and their durability over time due to its deterioration. It recommends surface treatment of plastics waste using appropriate chemicals.
{"title":"Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste as Partial Aggregate and Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete: A Review","authors":"Renz Brixter B. Lingamen, Orlean G. Dela Cruz","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic disposal is now a significantproblem for the sustainability of the environment. And, viewing the engineering properties of plastics (e.g., lightweight, flexible, strong, moisture-resistant, and cheap) opens the possibility of using themas a structural material. Over the decade, many researchers have studied using plastics as a replacement for natural aggregates in concrete or as an additive.Besides, past experimental results have shown that adding plastic waste in concrete will alter the concrete's mechanical and durability properties. However,such concrete can still fulfillengineering properties and be used in other structures with low strength requirements. This research intends to try other possibilities of using plastic waste as partial aggregate and reinforcementinreinforced concrete.Therefore, it is proposed that researchers look into the effects of plastic particles in concrete on the environment and their durability over time due to its deterioration. It recommends surface treatment of plastics waste using appropriate chemicals.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41462151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.009
Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat, Siti Zura A. Jalil, Sharifah Alwiah Syed Abd Rahman, S. Usman, Mohammad Shabbir Alam
Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine and often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. In this study, the risk factors for scoliosis in elementary school children is investigate based on age, backpack weight and gender. There are 260 children participated in this study from aged 7 up to 12 years old. Scoliometer is used to measure the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) on Adam Forward Bending Test. Statistical analysis of analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the characteristic difference of ATR readings on the risk factors for scoliosis. Significant results with P-value less than 0.001 are found among ATR readings on a linear combination of risk factors for scoliosis of age and backpack weight. Then, the risk factors for scoliosis are classified among elementary school children using Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor. The classification results shown that both Decision Tree method produced highest classification percentage up to 98.08%. This finding indicates that age and backpack weight are significant as the risk factors for scoliosis.
{"title":"Identification of Risk Factors for Scoliosis in Elementary School Children Using Machine Learning","authors":"Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat, Siti Zura A. Jalil, Sharifah Alwiah Syed Abd Rahman, S. Usman, Mohammad Shabbir Alam","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine and often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. In this study, the risk factors for scoliosis in elementary school children is investigate based on age, backpack weight and gender. There are 260 children participated in this study from aged 7 up to 12 years old. Scoliometer is used to measure the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) on Adam Forward Bending Test. Statistical analysis of analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the characteristic difference of ATR readings on the risk factors for scoliosis. Significant results with P-value less than 0.001 are found among ATR readings on a linear combination of risk factors for scoliosis of age and backpack weight. Then, the risk factors for scoliosis are classified among elementary school children using Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor. The classification results shown that both Decision Tree method produced highest classification percentage up to 98.08%. This finding indicates that age and backpack weight are significant as the risk factors for scoliosis.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48763400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.019
J. Abdullah, M. R. R. Mohd Arif Zainol, Mohd Fazly Yusof, Muhammad Zaki Mohd Kasim, Muhamad Nurfasya Alias, Khairul Rahmah Ayub, Siti Fairuz Juiani, N. Azizan, S. Shaharuddin, Muhammad Kashfy Zainalfikry, N. Zakaria, A. Ab. Ghani, Aminuddin Ab. Ghani
Subsurface drainage is part of a sustainable drainage system's components. This component represents the infiltration of stormwater into the subsurface drainage system for flow attenuation purposes. This study examines the flow parameters of subsurface drainage components. The laboratory validation of perforated subsurface drains was conducted at a longitudinal slope gradient of 1/500 with the Gate Fully Open. The manning, n data obtained in these experiments varies with several hydraulic parameters. Therefore, the experimental relationship between the flow characteristics of these subsurface drain components has been investigated. The relationship between flow behavior has been determined. The sub-critical and supercritical, and turbulence flow has occurred in this study.
{"title":"Flow Characteristics in Perforated Subsurface Drain of Drainage System Application: Case Study of Gate Fully Open with Longitudinal Slope 1/500","authors":"J. Abdullah, M. R. R. Mohd Arif Zainol, Mohd Fazly Yusof, Muhammad Zaki Mohd Kasim, Muhamad Nurfasya Alias, Khairul Rahmah Ayub, Siti Fairuz Juiani, N. Azizan, S. Shaharuddin, Muhammad Kashfy Zainalfikry, N. Zakaria, A. Ab. Ghani, Aminuddin Ab. Ghani","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"Subsurface drainage is part of a sustainable drainage system's components. This component represents the infiltration of stormwater into the subsurface drainage system for flow attenuation purposes. This study examines the flow parameters of subsurface drainage components. The laboratory validation of perforated subsurface drains was conducted at a longitudinal slope gradient of 1/500 with the Gate Fully Open. The manning, n data obtained in these experiments varies with several hydraulic parameters. Therefore, the experimental relationship between the flow characteristics of these subsurface drain components has been investigated. The relationship between flow behavior has been determined. The sub-critical and supercritical, and turbulence flow has occurred in this study.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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