Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.028
Kamal Yousef Ali Zreba, Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar, Farah Naemah Mohd Saad, Irnis Azura Zakarya, Rajeb Salem A.Hwidi
Plastics have become a significant threat to natural ecosystems as well as human health. The use and consumption of plastics improves our quality of life significantly, but it is critical to transition to more sustainable alternatives. Thus, the current study proposes an investigation into the impact of single use plastic products during pandemic on the impact to the environment from the Malaysian and Libyan perspective. A pilot study was conducted toexaminethe strength of the questionnaire in collecting on the environmental impacts of single use plastic during COVID-19 pandemic distributed across two countries (Libya and Malaysia). SPSS was used to test the questionnaires' strength with 40 participants, 20 in eachnation. The reliability test resultswith Cronbach’s Alphapredicted values of 0.7-0.86 and actual data Alpha values 0.87-0.93, normal test of variance inflation factor ranging between 1 and 5,skewnessand kurtosis valuesof -1.343 to -0.076and 5.312 to -0.024 respectively confirmed the strength of the questionnaires as benchmarked in the literature. Further, the participants' responses to the quality of the questionnaire in determining the single use plastic impact to environmentalhave clearly revealed the strength and applicability of this questionnaire for wider data collections.
{"title":"\"Malaysian and Libyan Perspectives on Single-Use Plastic's Environmental Impact During the Pandemic COVID-19: A Pilot Study\"","authors":"Kamal Yousef Ali Zreba, Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar, Farah Naemah Mohd Saad, Irnis Azura Zakarya, Rajeb Salem A.Hwidi","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"Plastics have become a significant threat to natural ecosystems as well as human health. The use and consumption of plastics improves our quality of life significantly, but it is critical to transition to more sustainable alternatives. Thus, the current study proposes an investigation into the impact of single use plastic products during pandemic on the impact to the environment from the Malaysian and Libyan perspective. A pilot study was conducted toexaminethe strength of the questionnaire in collecting on the environmental impacts of single use plastic during COVID-19 pandemic distributed across two countries (Libya and Malaysia). SPSS was used to test the questionnaires' strength with 40 participants, 20 in eachnation. The reliability test resultswith Cronbach’s Alphapredicted values of 0.7-0.86 and actual data Alpha values 0.87-0.93, normal test of variance inflation factor ranging between 1 and 5,skewnessand kurtosis valuesof -1.343 to -0.076and 5.312 to -0.024 respectively confirmed the strength of the questionnaires as benchmarked in the literature. Further, the participants' responses to the quality of the questionnaire in determining the single use plastic impact to environmentalhave clearly revealed the strength and applicability of this questionnaire for wider data collections.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.006
N. Ibrahim, Hanna Athirah Muhammad Rashidi
This study investigates the density and compressive strength of interlocking bricks made of mortar added with kaolin clay as cement replacement and RHA for sand replacement. This research also investigated the chemical composition of kaolin clay and RHA used for the interlocking bricks. The mortar used was designed based on the concrete mix proportion of 1:2:3 but removed the coarse aggregate. The water-to-cement ratio utilized was 0.6. Each design mix comprises a combination of kaolin clay and RHA at 5%, 10% and 15% by the total weight of cement and sand, respectively. This paper demonstrates the chemical elements of the kaolin clay and RHA and reports the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks comparedto control samples. The results indicate that the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks decreases as the percentage of kaolin clay and RHA increases. The design mix containing 5% kaolin clay and RHA showed the highest density and compressive strength at 28 days, but the values were smaller than the control mix.In comparison to the control mix, the finding is as follows. At 28 days, the range of density reduction from day 3 for all mixes is between 16 to 25%. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of all mixes decreased by more than 65%, measured in the same duration. The result also showed that silicon dioxide (SiO2) contributes the most significant chemical element in kaolin clay and RHA. Kaolin clay contains almost 65% of SiO2, while RHA holds more than 90% of SiO2.
{"title":"Interlocking Bricks: Density and Compressive Strength Reduction Due to Addition of Kaolin Clay and RHA","authors":"N. Ibrahim, Hanna Athirah Muhammad Rashidi","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the density and compressive strength of interlocking bricks made of mortar added with kaolin clay as cement replacement and RHA for sand replacement. This research also investigated the chemical composition of kaolin clay and RHA used for the interlocking bricks. The mortar used was designed based on the concrete mix proportion of 1:2:3 but removed the coarse aggregate. The water-to-cement ratio utilized was 0.6. Each design mix comprises a combination of kaolin clay and RHA at 5%, 10% and 15% by the total weight of cement and sand, respectively. This paper demonstrates the chemical elements of the kaolin clay and RHA and reports the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks comparedto control samples. The results indicate that the density and compressive strength of the interlocking bricks decreases as the percentage of kaolin clay and RHA increases. The design mix containing 5% kaolin clay and RHA showed the highest density and compressive strength at 28 days, but the values were smaller than the control mix.In comparison to the control mix, the finding is as follows. At 28 days, the range of density reduction from day 3 for all mixes is between 16 to 25%. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of all mixes decreased by more than 65%, measured in the same duration. The result also showed that silicon dioxide (SiO2) contributes the most significant chemical element in kaolin clay and RHA. Kaolin clay contains almost 65% of SiO2, while RHA holds more than 90% of SiO2.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43430930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.004
Dian M. Setiawan
Most of previous studies employed dynamic stability test and Hamburg wheel tracking test to investigate permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete (AC) layer. However, the permanent deformation performance only focuses on the surface course and neglected the influence of middle layer and base course. The present study investigates the permanent deformation characteristics of four (4) different configurations of flexible pavement and analyzes the contribution of AC surface and AC base course to the total permanent deformation of AC layer as the response to various truck’s speed, hauling loads, and loading cycles. Finite element modeling was performed to evaluate critical locations below the tire tread of single unit two-axles truck with the greatest magnitude of permanent deformation and to determine the optimum configuration of flexible pavement by considering the linear viscoelastic behavior of two types of AC mixtures. It can be concluded that the largest permanent deformation is measured below the right edge of the outer tire. The contribution of AC surface course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s speed is only about 14.81% to 16.39%, while the contribution of AC surface course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s hauling loads as well as the increase in the number of passing trucks is only around 14.76% to 16.44%. On the other hand, the contribution of AC base course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s speed from is reaching 83.61% to 85.19%, while the contribution of AC base course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s hauling loads as well as the increase in the number of passing trucks is achieving 83.56% to 85.24%.
{"title":"Permanent Deformation Characteristics of Flexible Pavement Under Palm Oil Freight Truck Loading","authors":"Dian M. Setiawan","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Most of previous studies employed dynamic stability test and Hamburg wheel tracking test to investigate permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete (AC) layer. However, the permanent deformation performance only focuses on the surface course and neglected the influence of middle layer and base course. The present study investigates the permanent deformation characteristics of four (4) different configurations of flexible pavement and analyzes the contribution of AC surface and AC base course to the total permanent deformation of AC layer as the response to various truck’s speed, hauling loads, and loading cycles. Finite element modeling was performed to evaluate critical locations below the tire tread of single unit two-axles truck with the greatest magnitude of permanent deformation and to determine the optimum configuration of flexible pavement by considering the linear viscoelastic behavior of two types of AC mixtures. It can be concluded that the largest permanent deformation is measured below the right edge of the outer tire. The contribution of AC surface course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s speed is only about 14.81% to 16.39%, while the contribution of AC surface course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s hauling loads as well as the increase in the number of passing trucks is only around 14.76% to 16.44%. On the other hand, the contribution of AC base course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s speed from is reaching 83.61% to 85.19%, while the contribution of AC base course on the total permanent deformation due to the increase in truck’s hauling loads as well as the increase in the number of passing trucks is achieving 83.56% to 85.24%.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47716479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.020
Yoga Aprianto Harsoyo, M. Wibowo, J. Hatmoko, Hanin Fitria
Severalmetrics in the supply chain performance assessment system cannot be uncovered by merely putting a strategy into action. Meanwhile, the balanced scorecard strategynecessitates the incorporation of numerous measures derived from the implementation of strategies,ultimately guidingthe business towardits long-term orientation. The same is true for evaluating the effectiveness of a supply chain. The Business Service Chain (BSC)takes three viewpoints of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR)and expands them into four: financial, customer, internal business, and innovation and learning. Both the SCORand BSC methods can be utilized to implement a sustainable supply chain management system. These two methodswereemployed to solve supply chain issues in the constructionindustry. BSC aimed to compensate forSCOR’s limited focus on performance by considering two angles—those of internal business operations and customers. When compared to SCOR, BSC’s uniformity in the supply chain allowedfor more adaptable metrics when resizing; more applicable models, encompassingall processes;and easier performance monitoring; all through the utilization ofvarious metrics.
{"title":"Combination of SCOR-BSC and Regression Linear Programming to Assess the Performance of Construction SMEs in DIY and Central Java","authors":"Yoga Aprianto Harsoyo, M. Wibowo, J. Hatmoko, Hanin Fitria","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.020","url":null,"abstract":"Severalmetrics in the supply chain performance assessment system cannot be uncovered by merely putting a strategy into action. Meanwhile, the balanced scorecard strategynecessitates the incorporation of numerous measures derived from the implementation of strategies,ultimately guidingthe business towardits long-term orientation. The same is true for evaluating the effectiveness of a supply chain. The Business Service Chain (BSC)takes three viewpoints of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR)and expands them into four: financial, customer, internal business, and innovation and learning. Both the SCORand BSC methods can be utilized to implement a sustainable supply chain management system. These two methodswereemployed to solve supply chain issues in the constructionindustry. BSC aimed to compensate forSCOR’s limited focus on performance by considering two angles—those of internal business operations and customers. When compared to SCOR, BSC’s uniformity in the supply chain allowedfor more adaptable metrics when resizing; more applicable models, encompassingall processes;and easier performance monitoring; all through the utilization ofvarious metrics.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47440321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.016
Renz Brixter B. Lingamen, Orlean G. Dela Cruz
Plastic disposal is now a significantproblem for the sustainability of the environment. And, viewing the engineering properties of plastics (e.g., lightweight, flexible, strong, moisture-resistant, and cheap) opens the possibility of using themas a structural material. Over the decade, many researchers have studied using plastics as a replacement for natural aggregates in concrete or as an additive.Besides, past experimental results have shown that adding plastic waste in concrete will alter the concrete's mechanical and durability properties. However,such concrete can still fulfillengineering properties and be used in other structures with low strength requirements. This research intends to try other possibilities of using plastic waste as partial aggregate and reinforcementinreinforced concrete.Therefore, it is proposed that researchers look into the effects of plastic particles in concrete on the environment and their durability over time due to its deterioration. It recommends surface treatment of plastics waste using appropriate chemicals.
{"title":"Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Waste as Partial Aggregate and Reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete: A Review","authors":"Renz Brixter B. Lingamen, Orlean G. Dela Cruz","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"Plastic disposal is now a significantproblem for the sustainability of the environment. And, viewing the engineering properties of plastics (e.g., lightweight, flexible, strong, moisture-resistant, and cheap) opens the possibility of using themas a structural material. Over the decade, many researchers have studied using plastics as a replacement for natural aggregates in concrete or as an additive.Besides, past experimental results have shown that adding plastic waste in concrete will alter the concrete's mechanical and durability properties. However,such concrete can still fulfillengineering properties and be used in other structures with low strength requirements. This research intends to try other possibilities of using plastic waste as partial aggregate and reinforcementinreinforced concrete.Therefore, it is proposed that researchers look into the effects of plastic particles in concrete on the environment and their durability over time due to its deterioration. It recommends surface treatment of plastics waste using appropriate chemicals.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41462151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.009
Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat, Siti Zura A. Jalil, Sharifah Alwiah Syed Abd Rahman, S. Usman, Mohammad Shabbir Alam
Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine and often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. In this study, the risk factors for scoliosis in elementary school children is investigate based on age, backpack weight and gender. There are 260 children participated in this study from aged 7 up to 12 years old. Scoliometer is used to measure the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) on Adam Forward Bending Test. Statistical analysis of analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the characteristic difference of ATR readings on the risk factors for scoliosis. Significant results with P-value less than 0.001 are found among ATR readings on a linear combination of risk factors for scoliosis of age and backpack weight. Then, the risk factors for scoliosis are classified among elementary school children using Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor. The classification results shown that both Decision Tree method produced highest classification percentage up to 98.08%. This finding indicates that age and backpack weight are significant as the risk factors for scoliosis.
{"title":"Identification of Risk Factors for Scoliosis in Elementary School Children Using Machine Learning","authors":"Ahmad Aizat Che Rahmat, Siti Zura A. Jalil, Sharifah Alwiah Syed Abd Rahman, S. Usman, Mohammad Shabbir Alam","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine and often diagnosed in childhood or early adolescence. In this study, the risk factors for scoliosis in elementary school children is investigate based on age, backpack weight and gender. There are 260 children participated in this study from aged 7 up to 12 years old. Scoliometer is used to measure the angle of trunk rotation (ATR) on Adam Forward Bending Test. Statistical analysis of analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the characteristic difference of ATR readings on the risk factors for scoliosis. Significant results with P-value less than 0.001 are found among ATR readings on a linear combination of risk factors for scoliosis of age and backpack weight. Then, the risk factors for scoliosis are classified among elementary school children using Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor. The classification results shown that both Decision Tree method produced highest classification percentage up to 98.08%. This finding indicates that age and backpack weight are significant as the risk factors for scoliosis.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48763400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.019
J. Abdullah, M. R. R. Mohd Arif Zainol, Mohd Fazly Yusof, Muhammad Zaki Mohd Kasim, Muhamad Nurfasya Alias, Khairul Rahmah Ayub, Siti Fairuz Juiani, N. Azizan, S. Shaharuddin, Muhammad Kashfy Zainalfikry, N. Zakaria, A. Ab. Ghani, Aminuddin Ab. Ghani
Subsurface drainage is part of a sustainable drainage system's components. This component represents the infiltration of stormwater into the subsurface drainage system for flow attenuation purposes. This study examines the flow parameters of subsurface drainage components. The laboratory validation of perforated subsurface drains was conducted at a longitudinal slope gradient of 1/500 with the Gate Fully Open. The manning, n data obtained in these experiments varies with several hydraulic parameters. Therefore, the experimental relationship between the flow characteristics of these subsurface drain components has been investigated. The relationship between flow behavior has been determined. The sub-critical and supercritical, and turbulence flow has occurred in this study.
{"title":"Flow Characteristics in Perforated Subsurface Drain of Drainage System Application: Case Study of Gate Fully Open with Longitudinal Slope 1/500","authors":"J. Abdullah, M. R. R. Mohd Arif Zainol, Mohd Fazly Yusof, Muhammad Zaki Mohd Kasim, Muhamad Nurfasya Alias, Khairul Rahmah Ayub, Siti Fairuz Juiani, N. Azizan, S. Shaharuddin, Muhammad Kashfy Zainalfikry, N. Zakaria, A. Ab. Ghani, Aminuddin Ab. Ghani","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.019","url":null,"abstract":"Subsurface drainage is part of a sustainable drainage system's components. This component represents the infiltration of stormwater into the subsurface drainage system for flow attenuation purposes. This study examines the flow parameters of subsurface drainage components. The laboratory validation of perforated subsurface drains was conducted at a longitudinal slope gradient of 1/500 with the Gate Fully Open. The manning, n data obtained in these experiments varies with several hydraulic parameters. Therefore, the experimental relationship between the flow characteristics of these subsurface drain components has been investigated. The relationship between flow behavior has been determined. The sub-critical and supercritical, and turbulence flow has occurred in this study.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44173124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.014
Noorlindawaty Md Jizat, Yoshihide Yamada, Z. Yusoff
New radio wave technologies of millimeter-wave (mmWave), compact cell size, and multi beam base station are introduced with the recent development of the 5G mobile system. The Butler Matrix (BM) feed circuit is the most preferable candidate for the 5G mobile system since it can achieve multi beam radiationpatterns at the array antenna, provide structural compactness and produce good multi beams.The BM circuit is typically built on a single dielectric substrate. However, in this single-substrate structure, the micro strip line connecting several circuit elements in the BM spans over a large area, resulting in significant feeding loss in the millimeter frequency band.In this study, a compact size circuit configuration of BM is proposed, where the original single-substrate structure is modified into a two-substrate stacking structure. The via-hole is designed to connect the two substrates with minimal path loss. The BM is built for the 28 GHz band with four inputs and four outputs.The phase delay is optimized using via-hole to produce the phase difference of ±45º and ±135º. The coupling for the hybrid is -3 dB, while the transmission coefficient of -6 ± 3 is achieved from the BM structure and, the return loss (Sii) for both input and output ports are less than -10 dB. The two-substrate BM is combined with the rectangular patch antenna and the via-hole patch antenna in a planar configuration of 0.5 λ0spacing to obtain the radiation patterns. When the Port 1 through Port 4 of the BM are fed, four beams are created, with peak gains of 11.2 dBi, 9.87 dBi, 10.2 dBi, and 11.7 dBi, respectively, towards +16°, -35°, +39°, and -12°. The analysis includes the radiation performance from the ideal value and from the BM input. Three-dimensional representations of good multibeam radiation patterns are obtained after each input signal of the BM is fed
{"title":"Multibeam Array Antenna with Compact Size Butler Matrix for Millimeter-Wave Application","authors":"Noorlindawaty Md Jizat, Yoshihide Yamada, Z. Yusoff","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.014","url":null,"abstract":"New radio wave technologies of millimeter-wave (mmWave), compact cell size, and multi beam base station are introduced with the recent development of the 5G mobile system. The Butler Matrix (BM) feed circuit is the most preferable candidate for the 5G mobile system since it can achieve multi beam radiationpatterns at the array antenna, provide structural compactness and produce good multi beams.The BM circuit is typically built on a single dielectric substrate. However, in this single-substrate structure, the micro strip line connecting several circuit elements in the BM spans over a large area, resulting in significant feeding loss in the millimeter frequency band.In this study, a compact size circuit configuration of BM is proposed, where the original single-substrate structure is modified into a two-substrate stacking structure. The via-hole is designed to connect the two substrates with minimal path loss. The BM is built for the 28 GHz band with four inputs and four outputs.The phase delay is optimized using via-hole to produce the phase difference of ±45º and ±135º. The coupling for the hybrid is -3 dB, while the transmission coefficient of -6 ± 3 is achieved from the BM structure and, the return loss (Sii) for both input and output ports are less than -10 dB. The two-substrate BM is combined with the rectangular patch antenna and the via-hole patch antenna in a planar configuration of 0.5 λ0spacing to obtain the radiation patterns. When the Port 1 through Port 4 of the BM are fed, four beams are created, with peak gains of 11.2 dBi, 9.87 dBi, 10.2 dBi, and 11.7 dBi, respectively, towards +16°, -35°, +39°, and -12°. The analysis includes the radiation performance from the ideal value and from the BM input. Three-dimensional representations of good multibeam radiation patterns are obtained after each input signal of the BM is fed","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44259668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.006
H. Hasri, Siti Armiza Mohd Aris, Robiah Ahmad, Celia Shahnaz
The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19)has emerged and is spreading rapidly over the world.Therefore, it may be highly significantto have the general population tested for COVID-19. There has been a rapid surge in the use of machine learning to combat COVID-19 in the past few years, owing to its ability to scale up quickly, its higher processing power, and the fact that it is more trustworthy than peoplein certainmedicaltasks. In this study, we comparedbetweentwo different models: the Holt’s Winter(HW)model and the Linear Regression (LR) model.To obtain the data set of COVID-19, we accessed the website of the Malaysian Ministry of Health.From January 24th, 2020, through July 31st, 2021, daily confirmed instances were documented and saved in Microsoft Excel. Case forecasts for the next 14 days were generated in the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA), and the accuracy of the forecasting models was measured by means of the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE).According to the lowest value of performance indicators, the best model is picked. The results of the comparison demonstrate that Holt's Winter showed betterforecasting outcome than the Linear Regression model. The obtainedresultdepicted the forecasted model can be further analyzed for the purpose of COVID-19 preparation and control.
{"title":"COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Forecasting in Malaysia Using Linear Regression and Holt's Winter Algorithm","authors":"H. Hasri, Siti Armiza Mohd Aris, Robiah Ahmad, Celia Shahnaz","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"The 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19)has emerged and is spreading rapidly over the world.Therefore, it may be highly significantto have the general population tested for COVID-19. There has been a rapid surge in the use of machine learning to combat COVID-19 in the past few years, owing to its ability to scale up quickly, its higher processing power, and the fact that it is more trustworthy than peoplein certainmedicaltasks. In this study, we comparedbetweentwo different models: the Holt’s Winter(HW)model and the Linear Regression (LR) model.To obtain the data set of COVID-19, we accessed the website of the Malaysian Ministry of Health.From January 24th, 2020, through July 31st, 2021, daily confirmed instances were documented and saved in Microsoft Excel. Case forecasts for the next 14 days were generated in the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA), and the accuracy of the forecasting models was measured by means of the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE).According to the lowest value of performance indicators, the best model is picked. The results of the comparison demonstrate that Holt's Winter showed betterforecasting outcome than the Linear Regression model. The obtainedresultdepicted the forecasted model can be further analyzed for the purpose of COVID-19 preparation and control.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45573966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.02.018
S. F. Zakaria, M. Simon, N. Bolong
This research focuses on an important project to upgrade the water supply system for a rural area in Kampung Bongol, Tamparuli, Sabah, Malaysia, with exceptional involvement of the communities. This village is located approximately 60 km away from Kota Kinabalu town center, and the journey takes around two hours by car. Despite its remote location and the challenging geographical surroundings of mountains, the village is conveniently situated near an existing catchment area. However, this village's current water distribution setup relies on outdated and inadequate tools, systems, and facilities, leading to water scarcity issues, particularly during drought periods. To address this problem effectively, a sustainable design consisting of a mini dam and a ramp pump was developed and implemented in this study. Combining these two elements ensures the rapid filling of the storage distribution tank and the provision of clean water to the residents. One noteworthy feature of this project is the utilization of a 2-inch Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ramp pump, significantly reducing operational costs and eliminating theneed for fossil fuels. This design not only proves to be practical and sustainable but also encourages the active participation of the villagers. Despite financial constraints and technical challenges associated with the project's implementation in a remote location, the water upgrading initiative was completed within four months, thanks to the direct involvement of the community. As a result of this endeavour, a fully functional water distribution network using the newly designed system has been installed, ensuring a reliable water supply for the 200 villagers in Kampung Bongol.
本研究的重点是马来西亚沙巴州坦帕uli Kampung Bongol农村地区供水系统升级的一个重要项目，该项目特别涉及社区。这个村庄距离哥打京那巴鲁市中心约60公里，车程约两个小时。尽管它的位置偏远，地理环境具有挑战性，但村庄位于现有的集水区附近，交通便利。然而，该村目前的配水设施依赖于过时和不完善的工具、系统和设施，导致水资源短缺问题，特别是在干旱时期。为了有效地解决这一问题，本研究开发并实施了一个由迷你水坝和坡道泵组成的可持续设计。将这两个元素结合起来，确保了储水分配罐的快速填充，并为居民提供清洁的水。该项目的一个值得注意的特点是使用了一个2英寸聚氯乙烯(PVC)斜坡泵，大大降低了运营成本，并消除了对化石燃料的需求。这种设计不仅具有实用性和可持续性，而且鼓励了村民的积极参与。尽管在偏远地区实施该项目存在资金限制和技术挑战，但由于社区的直接参与，水升级计划在四个月内完成。由于这项努力，已经安装了一个使用新设计系统的功能齐全的供水网络，确保为甘榜邦戈尔的200名村民提供可靠的供水。
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