Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.014
Zaynab Ismail Abdullah, Iesam J. Hasan
In solar applications, research into appropriate methods to improve the performance of the solar water heater is important. The current work studies improved the performance of the solar water heater by analyzing the effect of the number of added tape twists. A four-pipe solar water heater was built, and four twisted tapes were used, each with a different number of twists (flat, one, three, and five twists), and each tape was inserted into a pipe. The addition of twisted tapes has found that improved the performance of the solar water heater, and this improvement increased with the number of twists. A one, three, and five-twisted tapes achieved a temperature increase of (5.33, 14.09, and 20.27%) respectively, relative to a flat tape, and the instantaneous efficiency of the five twists tape was the highest, where the highest instantaneous efficiency of the four types rates (9.6, 13.4, 13.8, and 15 %) respectively.
{"title":"Number of Tape Twists Effects on Solar Water Heater Performance","authors":"Zaynab Ismail Abdullah, Iesam J. Hasan","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.014","url":null,"abstract":"In solar applications, research into appropriate methods to improve the performance of the solar water heater is important. The current work studies improved the performance of the solar water heater by analyzing the effect of the number of added tape twists. A four-pipe solar water heater was built, and four twisted tapes were used, each with a different number of twists (flat, one, three, and five twists), and each tape was inserted into a pipe. The addition of twisted tapes has found that improved the performance of the solar water heater, and this improvement increased with the number of twists. A one, three, and five-twisted tapes achieved a temperature increase of (5.33, 14.09, and 20.27%) respectively, relative to a flat tape, and the instantaneous efficiency of the five twists tape was the highest, where the highest instantaneous efficiency of the four types rates (9.6, 13.4, 13.8, and 15 %) respectively.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.002
Fatin Amanina Azis, Hazwani Suhaimi, Pg Emeroylariffion Abas
Accumulation of waste isa major global concern,and recycling is considered one of the most effective methods to solve the problem. However, recycling requiresproper segregation of wasteaccording to waste types.This paper developsan automatic waste segregator, capable of identifying andsegregatingsix types of wastes; metal, paper, plastic, glass, cardboard, and others. The proposed systememploys Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technology, specifically the Inception-v3 architecture, as well as two physical sensors;weight and metal sensors, to classify and segregate the waste. Overall classification accuracy of the system is 86.7%.Classificationperformance of the developed waste segregatorhas been evaluated further using the precision and recall; with high precision obtained for cardboard, metal, and other waste types, and high recall for metal and glass. Theseresults demonstrate the applicability of the developed system in effectively segregating waste at source, and thereby, reducing the need for the commonly labor-intensive segregation at waste facility. Deploying the system has the potential of reducing waste management problems by assisting recycling companies in sorting recyclablewaste, throughautomation.
{"title":"The Development of an Automated Waste Segregator","authors":"Fatin Amanina Azis, Hazwani Suhaimi, Pg Emeroylariffion Abas","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Accumulation of waste isa major global concern,and recycling is considered one of the most effective methods to solve the problem. However, recycling requiresproper segregation of wasteaccording to waste types.This paper developsan automatic waste segregator, capable of identifying andsegregatingsix types of wastes; metal, paper, plastic, glass, cardboard, and others. The proposed systememploys Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) technology, specifically the Inception-v3 architecture, as well as two physical sensors;weight and metal sensors, to classify and segregate the waste. Overall classification accuracy of the system is 86.7%.Classificationperformance of the developed waste segregatorhas been evaluated further using the precision and recall; with high precision obtained for cardboard, metal, and other waste types, and high recall for metal and glass. Theseresults demonstrate the applicability of the developed system in effectively segregating waste at source, and thereby, reducing the need for the commonly labor-intensive segregation at waste facility. Deploying the system has the potential of reducing waste management problems by assisting recycling companies in sorting recyclablewaste, throughautomation.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.024
Rezi Delfianti, Bima Mustaqim, Yusrizal Afif
Renewable energy is clean energy that cannot harm the environment in its way, especially on standalone photovoltaic electricity generation. The only problem with renewable energy electricity generation is the intermittency and its instability in power quality and power efficiency. Power system stability in renewable energy is essential during the real environmental case problem such as the sudden cloud. The sudden cloud, known for its ability to decrease solar irradiance input, depends on how thick and big the cloud is. Several attempts had been tried to increase renewable energy power system stability, including modifying its maximum power point tracker with a new algorithm such as perturb and observe. This paper discussed an improved way of maintaining renewable energy power system stability using perturb and observe Algorithm in a double series-connected Converter as the current and power stabilizer. The results show that the current overshoot has decreased by 65,336%, and the current sudden cloud undershoot decreased by 10,529%. Power overshoot also decreased by 43,685%, and the power of sudden cloud undershoot has decreased by 7,133%.
{"title":"Standalone Photovoltaic Power Stabilizer Using Double Series Connected Converter in Sudden Cloud Condition","authors":"Rezi Delfianti, Bima Mustaqim, Yusrizal Afif","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.024","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy is clean energy that cannot harm the environment in its way, especially on standalone photovoltaic electricity generation. The only problem with renewable energy electricity generation is the intermittency and its instability in power quality and power efficiency. Power system stability in renewable energy is essential during the real environmental case problem such as the sudden cloud. The sudden cloud, known for its ability to decrease solar irradiance input, depends on how thick and big the cloud is. Several attempts had been tried to increase renewable energy power system stability, including modifying its maximum power point tracker with a new algorithm such as perturb and observe. This paper discussed an improved way of maintaining renewable energy power system stability using perturb and observe Algorithm in a double series-connected Converter as the current and power stabilizer. The results show that the current overshoot has decreased by 65,336%, and the current sudden cloud undershoot decreased by 10,529%. Power overshoot also decreased by 43,685%, and the power of sudden cloud undershoot has decreased by 7,133%.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.016
Vinh-Quan Nguyen, Thanh-Lam Le
The limitations of classical carrier wave-based pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques prevent themfromensuringgoodoutputqualityformulti-levelinverters.Thispaperproposesanewslidingmodecontrol(NSMC)method for controlling cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverters (CHB-MLIs) to improve the output quality of theinverter, reduce the common-mode (CM) voltage with high-order harmonics, and achieve stable and robustnesscontrolfortheCHB-MLIs.TheNSMCmethodmodulatesthePWMpulsesforthemulti-levelinverterbycomparingthecontrolsignalu(t)andthecomparatorlevelswithoutusingcarrierwavetechniques.Thisapproachfacilitatestheformation of a control signal u(t) which can be flexibly adjusted to optimize the generation of PWM pulses. Toreducethechatteringproblemaroundthesliding-modesurfaceathighfrequenciesandtoincreasespeedconvergence, the integral sliding-mode surface integrated with a continuous control law is used to design thecontroller. Additionally, a first-order low-pass filter (LPF) with a variable cut-off frequency is added to the controllawtoimprovestabilityandreduceoscillationcausedbyrapidandlargechangesintheloadcurrentamplitude.ThestabilityofthecontrolsystemisvalidatedbytheLyapunovtheory.Simulationandexperimentaltestswereperformedon the same cascaded H-bridge five-level inverter (CHB-5LI) with an R-L load. The results show that the proposedNSMC method is robust and performs better efficiently for multi-level inverter control systems. Furthermore, theoutput quality of the inverter is significantly improved compared to classical carrier wave-based PWM techniques,with a reduced CM voltage and fewer high-order harmonics, resulting in reduced losses and switching frequency. Therefore, the stability and strong robustness of the CHB-MLIs can b eachieved by the proposed NSMC method.
{"title":"A Robust Control for Five-level Inverter Based on Integral Sliding Mode Control","authors":"Vinh-Quan Nguyen, Thanh-Lam Le","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"The limitations of classical carrier wave-based pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques prevent themfromensuringgoodoutputqualityformulti-levelinverters.Thispaperproposesanewslidingmodecontrol(NSMC)method for controlling cascaded H-bridge multi-level inverters (CHB-MLIs) to improve the output quality of theinverter, reduce the common-mode (CM) voltage with high-order harmonics, and achieve stable and robustnesscontrolfortheCHB-MLIs.TheNSMCmethodmodulatesthePWMpulsesforthemulti-levelinverterbycomparingthecontrolsignalu(t)andthecomparatorlevelswithoutusingcarrierwavetechniques.Thisapproachfacilitatestheformation of a control signal u(t) which can be flexibly adjusted to optimize the generation of PWM pulses. Toreducethechatteringproblemaroundthesliding-modesurfaceathighfrequenciesandtoincreasespeedconvergence, the integral sliding-mode surface integrated with a continuous control law is used to design thecontroller. Additionally, a first-order low-pass filter (LPF) with a variable cut-off frequency is added to the controllawtoimprovestabilityandreduceoscillationcausedbyrapidandlargechangesintheloadcurrentamplitude.ThestabilityofthecontrolsystemisvalidatedbytheLyapunovtheory.Simulationandexperimentaltestswereperformedon the same cascaded H-bridge five-level inverter (CHB-5LI) with an R-L load. The results show that the proposedNSMC method is robust and performs better efficiently for multi-level inverter control systems. Furthermore, theoutput quality of the inverter is significantly improved compared to classical carrier wave-based PWM techniques,with a reduced CM voltage and fewer high-order harmonics, resulting in reduced losses and switching frequency. Therefore, the stability and strong robustness of the CHB-MLIs can b eachieved by the proposed NSMC method.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.010
ohd Amirul Mukminin Mohd Dali, Razlin Abd Rashid, Izuan Amin Ishak, Zuliazura Mohd Salleh, Rais Hanizam bin Madon, Mohammad Zulfikar Ishak, Nor Afzanizam Samiran
A fixed bed downdraft gasifier model based on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) framework was developed to investigate the influence of feedstock (palm kernel shell [PKS] and coal) on the quality of syngas produced via the gasification process. Euler–Euler approach was utilized in this study to describe the gas and solid phases. Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used to evaluate the constitutive properties of the dispersed phase and the gas phase behavior. This simulation model was validated by comparing the syngas composition of gasification simulation of coal with previous research, which yielded the overall accuracy result of 83.2%. This study also highlighted that PKS gasification produced 53.74% and 90.51% higher composition of H2and CO respectively as compared to coal gasification. Whereas coal gasification produced 81.35%, 71.31% and 52.29% higher composition of CH4, H2O and CO2respectively as compared to PKS gasification. Hence, PKS produced 66.2% higher combustible gas of H2and CO than coal. PKS is thus considered as a potential renewable feedstock for gasification process as an alternative to the non-renewable coal. In addition, PKS gasification produced 52.29% lesser composition of CO2as compared to coal gasification.
{"title":"CFD Simulation of Air-Piloted Downdraft Gasification Process: A Comparative Study Between Coal and Palm Kernel Shell as Feedstock","authors":"ohd Amirul Mukminin Mohd Dali, Razlin Abd Rashid, Izuan Amin Ishak, Zuliazura Mohd Salleh, Rais Hanizam bin Madon, Mohammad Zulfikar Ishak, Nor Afzanizam Samiran","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"A fixed bed downdraft gasifier model based on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) framework was developed to investigate the influence of feedstock (palm kernel shell [PKS] and coal) on the quality of syngas produced via the gasification process. Euler–Euler approach was utilized in this study to describe the gas and solid phases. Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used to evaluate the constitutive properties of the dispersed phase and the gas phase behavior. This simulation model was validated by comparing the syngas composition of gasification simulation of coal with previous research, which yielded the overall accuracy result of 83.2%. This study also highlighted that PKS gasification produced 53.74% and 90.51% higher composition of H2and CO respectively as compared to coal gasification. Whereas coal gasification produced 81.35%, 71.31% and 52.29% higher composition of CH4, H2O and CO2respectively as compared to PKS gasification. Hence, PKS produced 66.2% higher combustible gas of H2and CO than coal. PKS is thus considered as a potential renewable feedstock for gasification process as an alternative to the non-renewable coal. In addition, PKS gasification produced 52.29% lesser composition of CO2as compared to coal gasification.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.003
Claudio Rocco
Sustainability has to be managed in order to guarantee health, social equity, resource optimization and economic activities and this awareness is grown considerably. At the same time, this consciousness leads us to consider sustainability also as a social and a business driver on the economic side and a great opportunity by an environmental point of view. Further, according to several regulations, producers are responsible of their devices in terms of environmental pollution, from production and market launch to disposal activities when they become unusable. This fact changes the role of designers, which becomes wider in a multidisciplinary context. For this reason, this paper proposes an approach that supports designers during the development of more sustainable products with the aim to reduce the amount of hazardous substances (according to European RoHS regulations) and it allows firms and academic R&D departments to reduce risks of a missing compliance. The approach is structured according to a flowchart that addresses designers to more suitable product solutions in terms of environmental impact. The methodology applied to the case studies, in fact, show that an early assessment in first design phases allows developers to have safer and more sustainable product prototypes and its application can be proposed also during design courses in an educational context.
{"title":"Green and Safe “By Design”: A Conceptual Tool to Avoid Hazardous Substances in Early Phases of Product Development","authors":"Claudio Rocco","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability has to be managed in order to guarantee health, social equity, resource optimization and economic activities and this awareness is grown considerably. At the same time, this consciousness leads us to consider sustainability also as a social and a business driver on the economic side and a great opportunity by an environmental point of view. Further, according to several regulations, producers are responsible of their devices in terms of environmental pollution, from production and market launch to disposal activities when they become unusable. This fact changes the role of designers, which becomes wider in a multidisciplinary context. For this reason, this paper proposes an approach that supports designers during the development of more sustainable products with the aim to reduce the amount of hazardous substances (according to European RoHS regulations) and it allows firms and academic R&D departments to reduce risks of a missing compliance. The approach is structured according to a flowchart that addresses designers to more suitable product solutions in terms of environmental impact. The methodology applied to the case studies, in fact, show that an early assessment in first design phases allows developers to have safer and more sustainable product prototypes and its application can be proposed also during design courses in an educational context.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evolution of high computational powerful computers, easy availability of several innovative editing software package and high-definition quality-based image capturing tools follows to effortless result in producing image forgery. Though, threats for security and misinterpretation of digital images and scenes have been observed to be happened since a long period and also a lot of research has been established in developing diverse techniques to authenticate the digital images. On the contrary, the research in this region is not limited to checking the validity of digital photos but also to exploring the specific signs of distortion or forgery. This analysis would not require additional prior information of intrinsic content of corresponding digital image or prior embedding of watermarks. In this paper, recent growth in the area of copy-move tampering identification have been discussed along with benchmarking study. In this study, three combination of methods like discrete cosine transform with Fast K-Means, discrete wavelet transform with Fast K-Means and discrete cosine transform with Fuzzy-C means can efficiently locate duplicated regions with quantitative parameter i.e. 92%, 83% and 92% respectively. With variety of methodologies and concepts, different applications of forgery detection have been discussed with corresponding outcomes especially using machine and deep learning methods in order to develop efficient automated forgery detection system. The future applications and development of advanced soft-computing based techniques in digital image forgery tampering has been discussed.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Techniques Used to Detect Copy-Move Tampering for Real-World Electronic Images","authors":"Esha Tripathi, Upendra Kumar, Surya Prakash Tripathi","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.018","url":null,"abstract":"Evolution of high computational powerful computers, easy availability of several innovative editing software package and high-definition quality-based image capturing tools follows to effortless result in producing image forgery. Though, threats for security and misinterpretation of digital images and scenes have been observed to be happened since a long period and also a lot of research has been established in developing diverse techniques to authenticate the digital images. On the contrary, the research in this region is not limited to checking the validity of digital photos but also to exploring the specific signs of distortion or forgery. This analysis would not require additional prior information of intrinsic content of corresponding digital image or prior embedding of watermarks. In this paper, recent growth in the area of copy-move tampering identification have been discussed along with benchmarking study. In this study, three combination of methods like discrete cosine transform with Fast K-Means, discrete wavelet transform with Fast K-Means and discrete cosine transform with Fuzzy-C means can efficiently locate duplicated regions with quantitative parameter i.e. 92%, 83% and 92% respectively. With variety of methodologies and concepts, different applications of forgery detection have been discussed with corresponding outcomes especially using machine and deep learning methods in order to develop efficient automated forgery detection system. The future applications and development of advanced soft-computing based techniques in digital image forgery tampering has been discussed.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.029
Rachmad Irwanto, Hanif Hanif
Post-formed cut-off or cutting of the post-tensioned slabs is a common practice during post-tensioning work. However, cutting on existing post-tensioned slabs must be done carefully to avoid severe damage to the building. The measurements during the design review are critical in considerations of post-cutting conditions, variations between shop drawings and site, possible grouting failure and excessive deformation. This paper presents a successfully execution of cutting operations on bonded post-tensioned slabs without compromising the structural strength and serviceability. There are procedures and requirements that need to be considered prior to cutting at the design stage, prior to cutting at the site and at slab cutting stage. The safety precautions are necessary for unintentional scenarios that require immediate action. Cutting the slab creates potential hazards. It was found that the grouting material plays an important role not only in solidifying the concrete but also in forming a secondary anchorage mechanism. Therefore, selection of suitable grouting material should be based on the dimension of the locking area. In contrast to unbonded post-tensioned slabs, bonded post-tensioned slabs do not require de-tensioning and re-tensioning.
{"title":"Cutting On Existing Bonded Post-Tensioned Slabs: Safety Precautions, Procedures and Execution","authors":"Rachmad Irwanto, Hanif Hanif","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.029","url":null,"abstract":"Post-formed cut-off or cutting of the post-tensioned slabs is a common practice during post-tensioning work. However, cutting on existing post-tensioned slabs must be done carefully to avoid severe damage to the building. The measurements during the design review are critical in considerations of post-cutting conditions, variations between shop drawings and site, possible grouting failure and excessive deformation. This paper presents a successfully execution of cutting operations on bonded post-tensioned slabs without compromising the structural strength and serviceability. There are procedures and requirements that need to be considered prior to cutting at the design stage, prior to cutting at the site and at slab cutting stage. The safety precautions are necessary for unintentional scenarios that require immediate action. Cutting the slab creates potential hazards. It was found that the grouting material plays an important role not only in solidifying the concrete but also in forming a secondary anchorage mechanism. Therefore, selection of suitable grouting material should be based on the dimension of the locking area. In contrast to unbonded post-tensioned slabs, bonded post-tensioned slabs do not require de-tensioning and re-tensioning.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study analysedthe characteristics of total harmonic distortion (THD) and output voltage ripple in a flyback PFC converter circuit under two different loads, which are the LED lamp modules and nonlinear RL loads. The converter was designed to step down the AC input voltage (90 V-265 V) to a DC output voltage of 80 V DC for both loads, each with an output power of 16 W. The main objectives were to observe and assess current THD and output voltage ripple for both loads using two different capacitances of the output capacitor, which are 2400 μF and 6 μF, respectively. The results demonstrated that using smaller capacitors(6 μF), it increased output voltage ripple, which it increased for the LED lamp load from 10% to 25% and for the nonlinear RL load it increased from 15% to70%. However, with the same smaller capacitors (6 μF), it reduced current THD for both loads, which for the LED lamp load it reduced from 12% to 10.3%, and for the nonlinear RL load it reduced from 13.7% to 8.3%. From these results, with 2400 μF of the output capacitor, it provided better performance in terms of current THD and output voltage ripple for both load types.
{"title":"Current THD and Output Voltage Ripple Characteristics of Flyback PFC Converters with LED Lamp and Nonlinear RL Loads","authors":"Asmarashid Ponniran, Mohamad Kamil Romai Noor, Nur Afiqah Hamdan, Ashok Vajravelu, Syed Zahurul Islam, Ramhuzaini Abd Rahman, Chessda Uttraphan Eh Kan, Chew Chang Choon","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.017","url":null,"abstract":"This study analysedthe characteristics of total harmonic distortion (THD) and output voltage ripple in a flyback PFC converter circuit under two different loads, which are the LED lamp modules and nonlinear RL loads. The converter was designed to step down the AC input voltage (90 V-265 V) to a DC output voltage of 80 V DC for both loads, each with an output power of 16 W. The main objectives were to observe and assess current THD and output voltage ripple for both loads using two different capacitances of the output capacitor, which are 2400 μF and 6 μF, respectively. The results demonstrated that using smaller capacitors(6 μF), it increased output voltage ripple, which it increased for the LED lamp load from 10% to 25% and for the nonlinear RL load it increased from 15% to70%. However, with the same smaller capacitors (6 μF), it reduced current THD for both loads, which for the LED lamp load it reduced from 12% to 10.3%, and for the nonlinear RL load it reduced from 13.7% to 8.3%. From these results, with 2400 μF of the output capacitor, it provided better performance in terms of current THD and output voltage ripple for both load types.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.025
Oriza Candra, Yersi-Luis Huamán-Romaní, Ali Thaeer Hammid, Rosario Mireya Romero Parra, Hassan Salman Hamad, Efraín Rodas – Guizado, Sokaina Issa Kadhim, Sajad Ali Zearah
This paper focused on the optimal operation of the hybrid energy resources in the off-grid state considering energy storage participation. The hybrid energy resources consist of wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), diesel generator (DG), and energy storage system for supplying energy to DC and AC load demand with maximum reliability. The operation of the proposed energy system based on energy control and energy optimization is modeled. The energy optimization and energy control are implemented by heuristic and nonlinear quadratic programming approaches via optimal power flow on the resources side. The energy control is done based on the weight sum method in different operation states of the system. Also, the impact of the energy storage system on the hybrid energy resources is considered as backup resources. The energy control modeling is implemented via mathematical simulation and numerical analysis in the two operation states in the summer and winter seasons for verifying the proposed approaches. Finally, the results of the energy control show optimal states of the energy system in supplying demand with considering the energy storage system.
{"title":"Operation of The Hybrid Energy Resources with Storage System Participation","authors":"Oriza Candra, Yersi-Luis Huamán-Romaní, Ali Thaeer Hammid, Rosario Mireya Romero Parra, Hassan Salman Hamad, Efraín Rodas – Guizado, Sokaina Issa Kadhim, Sajad Ali Zearah","doi":"10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2023.15.04.025","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focused on the optimal operation of the hybrid energy resources in the off-grid state considering energy storage participation. The hybrid energy resources consist of wind turbine (WT), photovoltaic (PV), diesel generator (DG), and energy storage system for supplying energy to DC and AC load demand with maximum reliability. The operation of the proposed energy system based on energy control and energy optimization is modeled. The energy optimization and energy control are implemented by heuristic and nonlinear quadratic programming approaches via optimal power flow on the resources side. The energy control is done based on the weight sum method in different operation states of the system. Also, the impact of the energy storage system on the hybrid energy resources is considered as backup resources. The energy control modeling is implemented via mathematical simulation and numerical analysis in the two operation states in the summer and winter seasons for verifying the proposed approaches. Finally, the results of the energy control show optimal states of the energy system in supplying demand with considering the energy storage system.","PeriodicalId":14189,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Integrated Engineering","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135134435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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