Sunil M. Mahakalkar, D. Patil, P. Waradkar, Chetan S. Urade, C. Bajait
Objective To study & compare the augmentation effect of addition of fluvoxamine or risperidone in chronic partially responsive schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine on clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods - A prospective, randomized, parallel, open label 12 weeks study. The schizophrenic patients, aged 20-60 years, who followed the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and receiving clozapine therapy, showing partial response to the treatment were recruited and the study was carried out from January 2007 to June 2008. Subjects were randomized into two groups: Group A (n=28): fluvoxamine (25-50mg/day) was added to clozapine (25-200mg/day) & Group B (n=27): risperidone (1-5mg/day) was added to clozapine therapy. The effect of drugs was assessed by PANSS, BPRS scale and ECG and lipid profile were done at 6 and 12 weeks. Result - There was significant decrease in PANSS and BPRS score in both groups. Fluvoxamine + clozapine significantly reduced PANSS score as compared to risperidone + clozapine compared to baseline and between 6 and 12 weeks. Risperidone +clozapine prolonged QTc interval (at 12 weeks) and elevated serum TG, VLDL, HDL significantly at 6 and 12 weeks. Conclusion Although addition of fluvoxamine and risperidone to clozapine are effective in management of chronic partially responsive schizophrenia on clozapine, fluvoxamine is more effective as well as safer compared to Risperidone when compared for 6 and 12 weeks in these patients.
{"title":"Comparison Of Effect Of Addition Of Fluvoxamine Or Risperidone To Clozapine In Chronic Partially Responsive Schizophrenic Patients On Clinical Response, QTc interval And Lipid profile","authors":"Sunil M. Mahakalkar, D. Patil, P. Waradkar, Chetan S. Urade, C. Bajait","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3347","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To study & compare the augmentation effect of addition of fluvoxamine or risperidone in chronic partially responsive schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine on clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods - A prospective, randomized, parallel, open label 12 weeks study. The schizophrenic patients, aged 20-60 years, who followed the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and receiving clozapine therapy, showing partial response to the treatment were recruited and the study was carried out from January 2007 to June 2008. Subjects were randomized into two groups: Group A (n=28): fluvoxamine (25-50mg/day) was added to clozapine (25-200mg/day) & Group B (n=27): risperidone (1-5mg/day) was added to clozapine therapy. The effect of drugs was assessed by PANSS, BPRS scale and ECG and lipid profile were done at 6 and 12 weeks. Result - There was significant decrease in PANSS and BPRS score in both groups. Fluvoxamine + clozapine significantly reduced PANSS score as compared to risperidone + clozapine compared to baseline and between 6 and 12 weeks. Risperidone +clozapine prolonged QTc interval (at 12 weeks) and elevated serum TG, VLDL, HDL significantly at 6 and 12 weeks. Conclusion Although addition of fluvoxamine and risperidone to clozapine are effective in management of chronic partially responsive schizophrenia on clozapine, fluvoxamine is more effective as well as safer compared to Risperidone when compared for 6 and 12 weeks in these patients.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"231-237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82244174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Medication use involves a complex process that is subject to errors at many points in health care settings. According to the stage of the medication use cycle in which they occur, medication errors can be broadly divided into four levels prescription or prescribing, transcription, dispensing and administration errors. Prescription errors that constitute the bulk of medication errors are common in government as well as private setting. Materials and methods: Our study was aimed to analyse the prescription errors in general practice. The prescriptions were photographed after the consent of the patient and returned back to them. Almost all the prescriptions contained brand names which were then converted into their respective generic names and analysed for errors. Results: A total of 1015 prescriptions were analysed during a 15 month period. Out of these, 415 (40.88%) prescriptions had errors. A few prescriptions had more than one type of prescribing error. The total number of errors thus amounted to 577. Most of the errors were related to prescription of CNS drugs followed by chemotherapeutic drugs. Our study reveals that combination errors are the commonest followed by indication, dosing and kinetic types of prescription errors. Discussion: Medication errors are common in general practice and in hospitals and can result in harm to patients. We analysed the prescription errors into 4 categories- indication, dosing, kinetic and combination errors. The study revealed a maximum of combination errors thus confirming our assertion that doctors do not give proper thought when they prescribe FDCs.
{"title":"Nature of Prescribing and incidence of medication prescription errors in general practice","authors":"Mital Hanumant Volvoikar","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3156","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Medication use involves a complex process that is subject to errors at many points in health care settings. According to the stage of the medication use cycle in which they occur, medication errors can be broadly divided into four levels prescription or prescribing, transcription, dispensing and administration errors. Prescription errors that constitute the bulk of medication errors are common in government as well as private setting. Materials and methods: Our study was aimed to analyse the prescription errors in general practice. The prescriptions were photographed after the consent of the patient and returned back to them. Almost all the prescriptions contained brand names which were then converted into their respective generic names and analysed for errors. Results: A total of 1015 prescriptions were analysed during a 15 month period. Out of these, 415 (40.88%) prescriptions had errors. A few prescriptions had more than one type of prescribing error. The total number of errors thus amounted to 577. Most of the errors were related to prescription of CNS drugs followed by chemotherapeutic drugs. Our study reveals that combination errors are the commonest followed by indication, dosing and kinetic types of prescription errors. Discussion: Medication errors are common in general practice and in hospitals and can result in harm to patients. We analysed the prescription errors into 4 categories- indication, dosing, kinetic and combination errors. The study revealed a maximum of combination errors thus confirming our assertion that doctors do not give proper thought when they prescribe FDCs.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"238-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80268398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of kefir probiotic and /or Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, and to investigate could kefir potentiate the therapeutic action of MSCs. Sixty female albino rats were used in this study and divided into 6 groups (10 rats each): control group; LPS-challenged group; LPS + MSCs group; LPS + kefir group; kefir +LPS +kefir (prophylactic) group and kefir + LPS + MSCs + kefir (prophylactic-MSCs) group. Samples were collected at two point's time. Renal function, serum IL-10, TNF-α, renal MDA, GSH contents, SOD and PON-I were assayed. The mRNA expression of NF-κB, iNOS and caspase-3 were monitored in kidney tissue. Our results revealed that LPS significantly increased renal function tests, TNF-α in association with dramatic decrease of creatinine clearance and serum IL-10 levels. Oxidative stress was proved in LPS group by increasing MDA level, reduction in GSH content, SOD and PON-1 activities in kidney. The mRNA expression of NF-κB, iNOS and caspase-3 were significantly up-regulated in AKI. Administration of kefir or MSCs alone significantly attenuated LPS-induced AKI. The pre and co-treatment of kefir with MSCs potentiate their therapeutic action. Conclusion: A combination of kefir probiotic and MSCs may be of interest for clinical use.
{"title":"The biochemical effect of probiotic and /or mesenchymal stem cells on LPS-induced kidney disorder","authors":"A. M. Badawi","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3445","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of kefir probiotic and /or Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, and to investigate could kefir potentiate the therapeutic action of MSCs. Sixty female albino rats were used in this study and divided into 6 groups (10 rats each): control group; LPS-challenged group; LPS + MSCs group; LPS + kefir group; kefir +LPS +kefir (prophylactic) group and kefir + LPS + MSCs + kefir (prophylactic-MSCs) group. Samples were collected at two point's time. Renal function, serum IL-10, TNF-α, renal MDA, GSH contents, SOD and PON-I were assayed. The mRNA expression of NF-κB, iNOS and caspase-3 were monitored in kidney tissue. Our results revealed that LPS significantly increased renal function tests, TNF-α in association with dramatic decrease of creatinine clearance and serum IL-10 levels. Oxidative stress was proved in LPS group by increasing MDA level, reduction in GSH content, SOD and PON-1 activities in kidney. The mRNA expression of NF-κB, iNOS and caspase-3 were significantly up-regulated in AKI. Administration of kefir or MSCs alone significantly attenuated LPS-induced AKI. The pre and co-treatment of kefir with MSCs potentiate their therapeutic action. Conclusion: A combination of kefir probiotic and MSCs may be of interest for clinical use.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"114 1","pages":"244-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73042201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Krishnan, P. MohammedFaisalK, S. MerlinT, Cijo Oommen
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura affects both children and adults. It is an autoimmune disorder characterised by persistent thrombocytopenia (peripheral platelet count of less than 150 x10 9 /L) due to autoantibody binding to platelet antigen(s) causing their premature destruction by the reticulo-endothelial system, in particular the spleen. There is no gold standard diagnostic test to confirm ITP. The diagnosis of ITP remains clinical and is based principally on the exclusion of other causes of thrombocytopenia by the history, physical examination, full blood count, peripheral blood film and autoimmune screen. Medical options for front-line drug therapy are corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravenous Rh anti-D. Second and third line therapy includes monoclonal antibodies and thrombopoirtin receptor agonist. Transfusion of platelet is warranted if life threatening hemorrhage occurs. This review gives a brief discussion on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of Immune Thrombocutopenic Purpura and a case report.
{"title":"An update on the management of immune thrombocytopenic purpura and emerging treatment options: A review and case report","authors":"R. Krishnan, P. MohammedFaisalK, S. MerlinT, Cijo Oommen","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I7.3416","url":null,"abstract":"Immune thrombocytopenic purpura affects both children and adults. It is an autoimmune disorder characterised by persistent thrombocytopenia (peripheral platelet count of less than 150 x10 9 /L) due to autoantibody binding to platelet antigen(s) causing their premature destruction by the reticulo-endothelial system, in particular the spleen. There is no gold standard diagnostic test to confirm ITP. The diagnosis of ITP remains clinical and is based principally on the exclusion of other causes of thrombocytopenia by the history, physical examination, full blood count, peripheral blood film and autoimmune screen. Medical options for front-line drug therapy are corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and intravenous Rh anti-D. Second and third line therapy includes monoclonal antibodies and thrombopoirtin receptor agonist. Transfusion of platelet is warranted if life threatening hemorrhage occurs. This review gives a brief discussion on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of Immune Thrombocutopenic Purpura and a case report.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"264-270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82858802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of a generic product of erythropoietin registered in Jordan, by detecting the presence of anti-recombinant human erythropoietin antibodies in the serum via an ELISA technique. Materials and Methods : Briefly, polystyrene micro-titer plates (96-well) were coated with rhEPO (the generic product) at 10 g/1mL. Goat anti-human IgG:HRP or rabbit polyclonal to human IgM:HRP was added to the wells and incubated. A prepared substrate solution was then added to each well. The absorbance was measured with a microplate reader after green color development (n=3). The sera of 95 patients were tested for the presence of IgM or IgG antibodies. Results : Antibodies were detected in 26.3% of the population; where 16.8% were found to have only IgG antibodies, 7.4% had only IgM antibodies, and 2.1% had both antibodies. Cigarette smoking correlated significantly with the development of IgG antibodies. Moreover folate administration correlated inversely with decreasing the risk of developing IgM antibodies . Conclusions : this study proves the immunogenic effect for this product
{"title":"Erythropoietin Biosimilar Products and Immunogenicity: A Pharmacovigilance Study","authors":"Y. Bustanji","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3311","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunogenicity of a generic product of erythropoietin registered in Jordan, by detecting the presence of anti-recombinant human erythropoietin antibodies in the serum via an ELISA technique. Materials and Methods : Briefly, polystyrene micro-titer plates (96-well) were coated with rhEPO (the generic product) at 10 g/1mL. Goat anti-human IgG:HRP or rabbit polyclonal to human IgM:HRP was added to the wells and incubated. A prepared substrate solution was then added to each well. The absorbance was measured with a microplate reader after green color development (n=3). The sera of 95 patients were tested for the presence of IgM or IgG antibodies. Results : Antibodies were detected in 26.3% of the population; where 16.8% were found to have only IgG antibodies, 7.4% had only IgM antibodies, and 2.1% had both antibodies. Cigarette smoking correlated significantly with the development of IgG antibodies. Moreover folate administration correlated inversely with decreasing the risk of developing IgM antibodies . Conclusions : this study proves the immunogenic effect for this product","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"200-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74215192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valéria Garrido, Caroline Barros, M. Tonelli, G. Teixeira, Patrícia Ocampo, G. Bezerra, Viveca A Giongo, I. Paixão
We report the first preclinical tests showing that aminomethylnaphthoquinone - 3-[N-(n-butyl) amino-2,4-diclorobenzyl]-2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (AMNQ 1) has low cytotoxicity and anti-HSV-1 activity in vitro in Vero cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of AMNQ 1 in BALB/c mice. We used BALB/c female mice to evaluate the median lethal dose (LD50) of AMNQ 1 with 2000 mg/kg body weight and other three concentrations using 550, 175 and 55 mg/kg. We compared this to acyclovir (ACV-50 mg/kg) and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (10% DMSO) over a 14-day period. The BALB/c mice received a single oral dose by gavage. There were no deaths in either group and no change in the murine clinical signs. The hematological and biochemical analyses showed some changes that returned to reference levels without impairment of hemostasis. The AMNQ 1 treatment did not induce untoward changes in organs as shown by histological studies. The in vivo results showed that AMNQ 1 has low toxicity. In conclusion, AMNQ 1 is safe and can be potentially used as an anti-HSV-1 agent in future studies.
{"title":"Acute toxicity evaluation of aminomethylnaphthoquinone (AMNQ 1) in BALB/c mice","authors":"Valéria Garrido, Caroline Barros, M. Tonelli, G. Teixeira, Patrícia Ocampo, G. Bezerra, Viveca A Giongo, I. Paixão","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3326","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first preclinical tests showing that aminomethylnaphthoquinone - 3-[N-(n-butyl) amino-2,4-diclorobenzyl]-2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (AMNQ 1) has low cytotoxicity and anti-HSV-1 activity in vitro in Vero cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of AMNQ 1 in BALB/c mice. We used BALB/c female mice to evaluate the median lethal dose (LD50) of AMNQ 1 with 2000 mg/kg body weight and other three concentrations using 550, 175 and 55 mg/kg. We compared this to acyclovir (ACV-50 mg/kg) and 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (10% DMSO) over a 14-day period. The BALB/c mice received a single oral dose by gavage. There were no deaths in either group and no change in the murine clinical signs. The hematological and biochemical analyses showed some changes that returned to reference levels without impairment of hemostasis. The AMNQ 1 treatment did not induce untoward changes in organs as shown by histological studies. The in vivo results showed that AMNQ 1 has low toxicity. In conclusion, AMNQ 1 is safe and can be potentially used as an anti-HSV-1 agent in future studies.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"217-223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74832211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With increasing prevalence of diabetes and its associated complications is a priority of health service globally. Diabetic ocular complications are most common in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes, considering the fifth most common cause of legal blindness. According to WHO, cataract is 33% of all type of visual impairment. Simply diabetic cataracts are characterized by cortical or posterior subcapsular opacities. Aldose reductase and polyol are responsible for diabetes ocular complications. Intracellular accumulation of sorbitol leads to osmotic stress resulting in the formation of lens opacities. Several clinical studies investigated the role of phacoemulsification surgery and its post surgery complications. Researcher are trying to develop aldose reductase inhibitors and antioxidents, may be effective treatment to prevent or cure diabetes cataract.
{"title":"A review: Cataract, a common ocular complication in Diabetes","authors":"Mital Bhadania","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3286","url":null,"abstract":"With increasing prevalence of diabetes and its associated complications is a priority of health service globally. Diabetic ocular complications are most common in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes, considering the fifth most common cause of legal blindness. According to WHO, cataract is 33% of all type of visual impairment. Simply diabetic cataracts are characterized by cortical or posterior subcapsular opacities. Aldose reductase and polyol are responsible for diabetes ocular complications. Intracellular accumulation of sorbitol leads to osmotic stress resulting in the formation of lens opacities. Several clinical studies investigated the role of phacoemulsification surgery and its post surgery complications. Researcher are trying to develop aldose reductase inhibitors and antioxidents, may be effective treatment to prevent or cure diabetes cataract.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"189-194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86227209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Metronomic chemotherapy is the frequent administration of chemotherapy drugs at doses below the maximum tolerated dose and with no prolonged drug?free break. It thus achieves a sustained low blood level of the drug without significant toxic side?effects. Metronomic therapy leads to sustained plasma concentration of the drug without significant toxic side?effects and hence there is reduced need for supportive therapy. However in case of conventional therapy toxicity is a concern. Metronomic chemotherapy exerts both direct and indirect effects on tumor cells and their microenvironment. It can inhibit tumor angiogenesis, stimulate anticancer immune response and also induces tumor dormancy. Optimizing a metronomic anticancer therapy is still a challenging task. New strategies are being developed to combine metronomic chemotherapy with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or targeted therapy. An important disadvantage of this type of regimen is the empiricism in finding the optimal low?dose and in monitoring therapeutic efficacy during the course of treatment.
{"title":"Metronomic Chemotherapy: Low Dose Less Toxicity Anticancer Strategy","authors":"A. Khadka, Neha Akhoon","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3196","url":null,"abstract":"Metronomic chemotherapy is the frequent administration of chemotherapy drugs at doses below the maximum tolerated dose and with no prolonged drug?free break. It thus achieves a sustained low blood level of the drug without significant toxic side?effects. Metronomic therapy leads to sustained plasma concentration of the drug without significant toxic side?effects and hence there is reduced need for supportive therapy. However in case of conventional therapy toxicity is a concern. Metronomic chemotherapy exerts both direct and indirect effects on tumor cells and their microenvironment. It can inhibit tumor angiogenesis, stimulate anticancer immune response and also induces tumor dormancy. Optimizing a metronomic anticancer therapy is still a challenging task. New strategies are being developed to combine metronomic chemotherapy with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or targeted therapy. An important disadvantage of this type of regimen is the empiricism in finding the optimal low?dose and in monitoring therapeutic efficacy during the course of treatment.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"195-199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85210867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study is to determine the effect of lyophilized extracts of different solvents of Glycyrrhiza glabra on Hepatitis B. The lyophilized plant extracts were collected and studied for its cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line and in vitro antiviral activity of these extracts was investigated by HBs Ag binding Inhibition Assay, Hepatitis B Virus DNA Polymerase Inhibition Assay using fluorescent probes. The results from Glycyrrhiza glabra were promising in acting as a potent antiviral agent.
{"title":"A Study on in vitro antiviral activities of lyophilized extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra on Hepatitis B Virus","authors":"S. Vani, S. Rajarajan","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3309","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is to determine the effect of lyophilized extracts of different solvents of Glycyrrhiza glabra on Hepatitis B. The lyophilized plant extracts were collected and studied for its cytotoxicity in HepG2 cell line and in vitro antiviral activity of these extracts was investigated by HBs Ag binding Inhibition Assay, Hepatitis B Virus DNA Polymerase Inhibition Assay using fluorescent probes. The results from Glycyrrhiza glabra were promising in acting as a potent antiviral agent.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"206-209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90749700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Self medication is defined as the use of medication by a patient on his own initiative or on the advice of a pharmacist or a lay person instead of seeking advice a medical practitioner. Objectives: To assess the self medication practices for allopathic drugs in East Bengaluru and also identify the association between self-medication practice and socio demographic characteristics in the study population. Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in East Bengaluru area over the period of 6 months using pre tested semi structured questionnaire. Result: The data on practice of self medication were collected from 427 study participants. A significant correlation was observed for younger age group, while a moderate correlation for education, economic status of the survey respondents. Fever, pain and cough (20.60%), pain (17.09%), and fever & pain (16.85%) were the most common illnesses where self-medication is being used. Pain killers (68.85%) and antipyretic drug (50.58%) were the most commonly used self medicating drugs. Telling the symptoms to pharmacist (89.69%) was the commonest method adopted to procure drugs by the users. The major reason for practicing self medication was lack of time to visit doctor (32.31). Conclusion : Self-medication is an important health issue in this area. Health education of the public and regulation of pharmacies may help in limiting the self-medication practices.
{"title":"Study on self-medication practice among consumers in parts of East Bengaluru","authors":"M. Silvan","doi":"10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/IJPR.V6I6.3284","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Self medication is defined as the use of medication by a patient on his own initiative or on the advice of a pharmacist or a lay person instead of seeking advice a medical practitioner. Objectives: To assess the self medication practices for allopathic drugs in East Bengaluru and also identify the association between self-medication practice and socio demographic characteristics in the study population. Methodology: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in East Bengaluru area over the period of 6 months using pre tested semi structured questionnaire. Result: The data on practice of self medication were collected from 427 study participants. A significant correlation was observed for younger age group, while a moderate correlation for education, economic status of the survey respondents. Fever, pain and cough (20.60%), pain (17.09%), and fever & pain (16.85%) were the most common illnesses where self-medication is being used. Pain killers (68.85%) and antipyretic drug (50.58%) were the most commonly used self medicating drugs. Telling the symptoms to pharmacist (89.69%) was the commonest method adopted to procure drugs by the users. The major reason for practicing self medication was lack of time to visit doctor (32.31). Conclusion : Self-medication is an important health issue in this area. Health education of the public and regulation of pharmacies may help in limiting the self-medication practices.","PeriodicalId":14194,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacological Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"210-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79672656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：