V. Ratchagar, M. Muralidharan, M. Silambarasan, K. Jagannathan, P. Kamaraj, S. Subbiah, P. A. Vivekanand, G. Periyasami, M. Rahaman, P. Karthikeyan, G. Gonfa
The cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanomaterials were prepared by coprecipitation synthesis technique by maintaining the pH of the mother solution at 7, 8, and 9. The prepared nanomaterials were subjected to structural and optical characterizations, and the results were examined. The optical absorption spectral studies reveal that the two absorption bands indicate ligand–metal coordination. The photoluminescence spectra contain emission peak at 488 and 745 nm due to size and shape of the synthesized materials. The magnetic nature of the samples was identified from the hysteresis loop traced by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of Co3O4 nanomaterials reveals two sharp bands absorbed in 584 and 666 cm-1. This ascribes to the Co-O and O-Co-O stretching, respectively. As the pH of the solution varied from 7 to 10, the SEM image authenticates the transformation of Co3O4 nanomaterials morphology from spherical to cubic to agglomerated shape. From the UV-Vis spectra, two absorption bands around 473 nm and 762 nm are observed for the materials prepared at pH 7 and 8. But at pH 9, these two peaks were shifted towards higher wavelengths 515 nm and 777 nm. The observed ferromagnetic nature of Co3O4 nanomaterials clearly show the role of surface spins and surface morphology on the magnetic properties of Co3O4 nanomaterials. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves show the rectangular type of voltammogram. This is an indication of good charge propagation with the electrodes. The Nyquist plots of Co3O4 nanomaterials have a semicircle in the high frequency region and a vertical line in the low frequency region. The results suggest that Co3O4 is found to be a promising material for the fabrication of light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and optoelectronic devices.
{"title":"Coprecipitation Methodology Synthesis of Cobalt-Oxide Nanomaterials Influenced by pH Conditions: Opportunities in Optoelectronic Applications","authors":"V. Ratchagar, M. Muralidharan, M. Silambarasan, K. Jagannathan, P. Kamaraj, S. Subbiah, P. A. Vivekanand, G. Periyasami, M. Rahaman, P. Karthikeyan, G. Gonfa","doi":"10.1155/2023/2493231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2493231","url":null,"abstract":"The cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanomaterials were prepared by coprecipitation synthesis technique by maintaining the pH of the mother solution at 7, 8, and 9. The prepared nanomaterials were subjected to structural and optical characterizations, and the results were examined. The optical absorption spectral studies reveal that the two absorption bands indicate ligand–metal coordination. The photoluminescence spectra contain emission peak at 488 and 745 nm due to size and shape of the synthesized materials. The magnetic nature of the samples was identified from the hysteresis loop traced by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum of Co3O4 nanomaterials reveals two sharp bands absorbed in 584 and 666 cm-1. This ascribes to the Co-O and O-Co-O stretching, respectively. As the pH of the solution varied from 7 to 10, the SEM image authenticates the transformation of Co3O4 nanomaterials morphology from spherical to cubic to agglomerated shape. From the UV-Vis spectra, two absorption bands around 473 nm and 762 nm are observed for the materials prepared at pH 7 and 8. But at pH 9, these two peaks were shifted towards higher wavelengths 515 nm and 777 nm. The observed ferromagnetic nature of Co3O4 nanomaterials clearly show the role of surface spins and surface morphology on the magnetic properties of Co3O4 nanomaterials. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves show the rectangular type of voltammogram. This is an indication of good charge propagation with the electrodes. The Nyquist plots of Co3O4 nanomaterials have a semicircle in the high frequency region and a vertical line in the low frequency region. The results suggest that Co3O4 is found to be a promising material for the fabrication of light-emitting diodes, solar cells, and optoelectronic devices.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41488977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Affected by environmental factors, equipment aging, operating status, etc., the parameters of photovoltaic (PV) models will deviate from the original setting parameters. In order to accurately identify the dynamic parameters of photovoltaics under the general simulation model, traditional parameter identification methods mainly use heuristic intelligent optimization algorithms for direct solution. Due to the limited data collected and the strong randomness of the algorithm, it is easy to make the identification accuracy and stability of photovoltaic parameters difficult to meet the requirements. To this end, this paper proposes an optimal identification method for PV dynamic parameters driven by data expansion. Firstly, the PV external characteristic data is fitted and generalized, which used the generalized regression neural network (GRNN). Then, the extended high-quality data can be used for dynamic parameter identification for PV cell. To confirm the performance of the proposed algorithm in this paper, this paper expands based on the actual external characteristic data of different proportions and uses the general PV simulation model to conduct comparative tests on various commonly used algorithms. The case studies under different scenarios show that the proposed algorithm can provide a more reliable and well-represented fitness function to the metaheuristic algorithms. Therefore, the optimization accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithm for dynamic PV cell parameter identification can be significantly improved simultaneously.
{"title":"Optimal Identification for Dynamic PV Cell Parameter Based on a Data-Extension-Driven Method","authors":"Yun Long, Youfei Lu, Li Wang, Tao Bao, Chen Chen","doi":"10.1155/2023/6156333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6156333","url":null,"abstract":"Affected by environmental factors, equipment aging, operating status, etc., the parameters of photovoltaic (PV) models will deviate from the original setting parameters. In order to accurately identify the dynamic parameters of photovoltaics under the general simulation model, traditional parameter identification methods mainly use heuristic intelligent optimization algorithms for direct solution. Due to the limited data collected and the strong randomness of the algorithm, it is easy to make the identification accuracy and stability of photovoltaic parameters difficult to meet the requirements. To this end, this paper proposes an optimal identification method for PV dynamic parameters driven by data expansion. Firstly, the PV external characteristic data is fitted and generalized, which used the generalized regression neural network (GRNN). Then, the extended high-quality data can be used for dynamic parameter identification for PV cell. To confirm the performance of the proposed algorithm in this paper, this paper expands based on the actual external characteristic data of different proportions and uses the general PV simulation model to conduct comparative tests on various commonly used algorithms. The case studies under different scenarios show that the proposed algorithm can provide a more reliable and well-represented fitness function to the metaheuristic algorithms. Therefore, the optimization accuracy and stability of the proposed algorithm for dynamic PV cell parameter identification can be significantly improved simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45588686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy is one of the basic inputs and driving forces for economic and social development modernization. Sustainable energy supply is one of the major challenges in the modern world. Sustainable energy supply can be obtained through alternative energy sources, and efficient energy use is a high priority to optimize the environmental impact. This paper investigates the potential for energy savings involving five end-load equipment in academic institutions. The saving potential is obtained through energy efficiency analysis and feasibility analysis of the solar power generation systems. An energy audit is conducted on end-use consuming equipment (i.e., fans, lights, air conditioning, ICT equipment, etc.) in these five end-load sectors to find out the major energy-consuming equipment, energy consumption, and potential energy savings. The analysis of energy consumption per equipment helps determine the appropriate type of equipment to be upgraded and replaced for energy saving. The feasibility of rooftop solar power generation has been also analysed to integrate into the energy end load. The research findings confirm that laboratory equipment, lighting, and air conditioning are vital to energy consumption in academic buildings. The energy savings, bill savings, and carbon emissions reductions have been estimated based on integrating rooftop solar power generation. The feasibility analysis of onsite energy generation using a hybrid solar system found that the total energy-saving potential and bill savings within five years are 311,131 kWh and RM 113,563, respectively. This value refers to comprehensive energy-saving and bill for all academic buildings involved in this research.
{"title":"Energy Efficiency and Feasibility Analysis of Solar Power Generation Using Hybrid System of an Educational Institution in Malaysia","authors":"M. Zublie, Mohammed Hasanuzzaman, N. Rahim","doi":"10.1155/2023/1673512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1673512","url":null,"abstract":"Energy is one of the basic inputs and driving forces for economic and social development modernization. Sustainable energy supply is one of the major challenges in the modern world. Sustainable energy supply can be obtained through alternative energy sources, and efficient energy use is a high priority to optimize the environmental impact. This paper investigates the potential for energy savings involving five end-load equipment in academic institutions. The saving potential is obtained through energy efficiency analysis and feasibility analysis of the solar power generation systems. An energy audit is conducted on end-use consuming equipment (i.e., fans, lights, air conditioning, ICT equipment, etc.) in these five end-load sectors to find out the major energy-consuming equipment, energy consumption, and potential energy savings. The analysis of energy consumption per equipment helps determine the appropriate type of equipment to be upgraded and replaced for energy saving. The feasibility of rooftop solar power generation has been also analysed to integrate into the energy end load. The research findings confirm that laboratory equipment, lighting, and air conditioning are vital to energy consumption in academic buildings. The energy savings, bill savings, and carbon emissions reductions have been estimated based on integrating rooftop solar power generation. The feasibility analysis of onsite energy generation using a hybrid solar system found that the total energy-saving potential and bill savings within five years are 311,131 kWh and RM 113,563, respectively. This value refers to comprehensive energy-saving and bill for all academic buildings involved in this research.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48253314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah M. Noman, Hamed Khan, H. A. Sher, Sulaiman Z. Almutairi, Mohammed H. Alqahtani, Ali S. Aljumah
This article proposes a hybrid scheme of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on artificial neural network (ANN) and ripple current correlation (RCC). ANN model is established using the data generated through RCC MPPT. Scaled conjugate gradient ANN is applied to gauge the performance improvement. The proposed scheme is validated through simulations. For this, the proposed system is applied to three different environmental scenarios which are standard testing condition of a PV module, under variable irradiance condition, and variable temperature condition. It is established that the proposed system is well capable of tracking the maximum power point under various test conditions.
{"title":"Scaled Conjugate Gradient Artificial Neural Network-Based Ripple Current Correlation MPPT Algorithms for PV System","authors":"Abdullah M. Noman, Hamed Khan, H. A. Sher, Sulaiman Z. Almutairi, Mohammed H. Alqahtani, Ali S. Aljumah","doi":"10.1155/2023/8891052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8891052","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes a hybrid scheme of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) based on artificial neural network (ANN) and ripple current correlation (RCC). ANN model is established using the data generated through RCC MPPT. Scaled conjugate gradient ANN is applied to gauge the performance improvement. The proposed scheme is validated through simulations. For this, the proposed system is applied to three different environmental scenarios which are standard testing condition of a PV module, under variable irradiance condition, and variable temperature condition. It is established that the proposed system is well capable of tracking the maximum power point under various test conditions.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41876298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cedrik Fotcha Kamdem, A. Ngoupo, F. X. A. Abega, Aimé Magloire Ntouga Abena, J. Ndjaka
The GaAs semiconductor is a solar energy promising material for photovoltaic applications due to its good optical and electronic properties. In this work, a homojunction GaAs solar cell with AlxGa1-xAs and GayIn1-yP solar energy materials as window and back surface field (BSF) layers, respectively, was simulated and investigated using SCAPS-1D software. The performance of the GaAs-based solar cell is evaluated for different proportions of x and y , which allowed us to obtain the values of 0.8 and 0.5 for x and y , respectively, as the best values for high performance. We then continued the optimization by taking into account some parameters of the solar cell, such as thickness, doping, and bulk defect density of the p-GaAs base, n-GaAs emitter, and Ga0.5In0.5P BSF layer. Solar cell efficiency increases with emitter thickness, but the recombination phenomenon is more pronounced than that of electron-hole pair generation in the case of a thicker base. The effect of variation in the work function of the back contact has also been studied, and the best performance is for a platinum (Pt) electrode. The optimized GaAs-based solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency of 35.44% ( J SC = 31.52 mA/cm2, V OC = 1.26 V, FF = 89.14 %) and a temperature coefficient of -0.036%/°C. These simulation results provide insight into the various ways to improve the efficiency of GaAs-based solar cells.
{"title":"Design and Performance Enhancement of a GaAs-Based Homojunction Solar Cell Using Ga0.5In0.5P as a Back Surface Field (BSF): A Simulation Approach","authors":"Cedrik Fotcha Kamdem, A. Ngoupo, F. X. A. Abega, Aimé Magloire Ntouga Abena, J. Ndjaka","doi":"10.1155/2023/6204891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6204891","url":null,"abstract":"The GaAs semiconductor is a solar energy promising material for photovoltaic applications due to its good optical and electronic properties. In this work, a homojunction GaAs solar cell with AlxGa1-xAs and GayIn1-yP solar energy materials as window and back surface field (BSF) layers, respectively, was simulated and investigated using SCAPS-1D software. The performance of the GaAs-based solar cell is evaluated for different proportions of \u0000 \u0000 x\u0000 \u0000 and \u0000 \u0000 y\u0000 \u0000 , which allowed us to obtain the values of 0.8 and 0.5 for \u0000 \u0000 x\u0000 \u0000 and \u0000 \u0000 y\u0000 \u0000 , respectively, as the best values for high performance. We then continued the optimization by taking into account some parameters of the solar cell, such as thickness, doping, and bulk defect density of the p-GaAs base, n-GaAs emitter, and Ga0.5In0.5P BSF layer. Solar cell efficiency increases with emitter thickness, but the recombination phenomenon is more pronounced than that of electron-hole pair generation in the case of a thicker base. The effect of variation in the work function of the back contact has also been studied, and the best performance is for a platinum (Pt) electrode. The optimized GaAs-based solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency of 35.44% (\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 J\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 SC\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 =\u0000 31.52\u0000 \u0000 mA/cm2, \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 V\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 OC\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 =\u0000 1.26\u0000 \u0000 V, \u0000 \u0000 FF\u0000 =\u0000 89.14\u0000 \u0000 %) and a temperature coefficient of -0.036%/°C. These simulation results provide insight into the various ways to improve the efficiency of GaAs-based solar cells.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43516544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salum Abdulkarim Suleiman, A. Pogrebnoi, T. Kivevele
In the present study, a solar-assisted heat pump dryer (SAHPD) has been designed, fabricated, and tested its performance on drying tobacco leaves. The hot air generated from the solar collector and condenser unit of the heat pump was used as a source of heat in the drying chamber. In this study, we investigated the influence of three duct configurations (open, partially closed, and completely closed) on the thermal performance of SAHPD to establish the best configuration for drying tobacco leaves. The average drying temperature was found to be 66, 64, and 60°C; the coefficient of performance of the heat pump was 3.4, 3.2, and 3.0; the heat energy contribution from the solar collector was 6.6%, 5.0%, and 5.1% while for the condenser was 93.4%, 95.0%, and 94.9%, and electrical energy consumption was 2.3, 2.8, and 2.6 kWh, for the open, partially closed, and completely closed duct system, respectively. Based on these results, the open system demonstrated the best performance. According to the study’s findings, SAHPD has been shown to be an energy-efficient method of drying tobacco leaves and is environmentally friendly as opposed to the conventional use of wood fuel, which results in environmental pollution, desertification, and deforestation.
{"title":"Influence of Duct Configurations on the Performance of Solar-Assisted Heat Pump Dryer for Drying Tobacco Leaves","authors":"Salum Abdulkarim Suleiman, A. Pogrebnoi, T. Kivevele","doi":"10.1155/2023/4588407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4588407","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, a solar-assisted heat pump dryer (SAHPD) has been designed, fabricated, and tested its performance on drying tobacco leaves. The hot air generated from the solar collector and condenser unit of the heat pump was used as a source of heat in the drying chamber. In this study, we investigated the influence of three duct configurations (open, partially closed, and completely closed) on the thermal performance of SAHPD to establish the best configuration for drying tobacco leaves. The average drying temperature was found to be 66, 64, and 60°C; the coefficient of performance of the heat pump was 3.4, 3.2, and 3.0; the heat energy contribution from the solar collector was 6.6%, 5.0%, and 5.1% while for the condenser was 93.4%, 95.0%, and 94.9%, and electrical energy consumption was 2.3, 2.8, and 2.6 kWh, for the open, partially closed, and completely closed duct system, respectively. Based on these results, the open system demonstrated the best performance. According to the study’s findings, SAHPD has been shown to be an energy-efficient method of drying tobacco leaves and is environmentally friendly as opposed to the conventional use of wood fuel, which results in environmental pollution, desertification, and deforestation.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43114180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research work, a copper bismuth oxide- (CuBi2O4-) based thin-film solar cell has been proposed for the lead and toxic-free (Al/ITO/TiO2/CuBi2O4/Mo) structure simulated in SCAPS-1D software. The main aim of this work to make an ecofriendly and highly efficient thin-film solar cell. The absorber layer CuBi2O4, buffer layer TiO2, and the electron transport layer (ETL) ITO have been used in this simulation. The performance of the suggested photovoltaic devices was quantitatively evaluated using variations in thickness such as absorber, buffer, defect density, operating temperature, back contact work function, series, shunt resistances, acceptor density, and donor density. The absorber layer thickness is fixed at 2.0 μm, the buffer layer at 0.05 μm, and the electron transport layer at 0.23 μm, respectively. The CuBi2O4 absorber layer produces a solar cell efficiency of 31.21%, an open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 1.36 V, short-circuit current density ( J sc ) of 25.81 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 88.77%, respectively. It is recommended that the proposed CuBi2O4-based structure can be used as a potential for thin-film solar cells that are both inexpensive and highly efficient.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation of High Efficiency Environment Friendly CuBi2O4-Based Thin-Film Solar Cell Using SCAPS-1D","authors":"Kushal Sarker, Md. Shamsujjoha Sumon, Mst. Farzana Orthe, Sunirmal Kumar Biswas, Mostak Ahmed","doi":"10.1155/2023/7208502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7208502","url":null,"abstract":"In this research work, a copper bismuth oxide- (CuBi2O4-) based thin-film solar cell has been proposed for the lead and toxic-free (Al/ITO/TiO2/CuBi2O4/Mo) structure simulated in SCAPS-1D software. The main aim of this work to make an ecofriendly and highly efficient thin-film solar cell. The absorber layer CuBi2O4, buffer layer TiO2, and the electron transport layer (ETL) ITO have been used in this simulation. The performance of the suggested photovoltaic devices was quantitatively evaluated using variations in thickness such as absorber, buffer, defect density, operating temperature, back contact work function, series, shunt resistances, acceptor density, and donor density. The absorber layer thickness is fixed at 2.0 μm, the buffer layer at 0.05 μm, and the electron transport layer at 0.23 μm, respectively. The CuBi2O4 absorber layer produces a solar cell efficiency of 31.21%, an open-circuit voltage (\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 V\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 oc\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ) of 1.36 V, short-circuit current density (\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 J\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 sc\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 ) of 25.81 mA/cm2, and a fill factor (FF) of 88.77%, respectively. It is recommended that the proposed CuBi2O4-based structure can be used as a potential for thin-film solar cells that are both inexpensive and highly efficient.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42643027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable energy is the best option for the challenge of dwindling natural resources and energy scarcity. The utilization of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is the best option for eliminating the energy deficit in Tanzania due to the available great potential of solar energy. Animal manure is a significant source of waste in rural locations which can be transformed into biogas fuel by an anaerobic process. Livestock and agriculture greatly support economically the majority of the sub-Saharan African (SSA) region’s rural population including Tanzania, and excreta from cattle are beneficial for biogas fuel production. Unfortunately, the high potential of animal waste for generating electricity is underutilized. Integrating solar energy sources and biogas fuel derived from animal manure is useful for mitigating energy shortage, power instability, and environmental issues. Off-grid solar PV biogas-based hybrid microgrid systems for rural electrification applications in the Tanzanian environment are limited, and also, most of the studies are extensively carried out using soft computing tools especially hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources (HOMER) software with limited applications of artificial intelligence (AI) optimization techniques. This paper presents technoeconomic viability analysis for a hybrid renewable energy supply system (HRESS) for the Simboya village in Mbeya region, Tanzania. Off-grid HRESS is designed and optimized to meet the load of the chosen location executed using HOMER software and the grey wolf optimization (GWO) method. The microgrid is anticipated to supply daily maximum demand of 63.41 kW. The residential load profile equals 30 kW representing 50% of the daily demand. Optimization results by the HOMER platform indicate that the system has a total net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $106,383.50 and $0.1109/kWh, respectively. Furthermore, this paper presents the optimization and sensitivity analysis results acquired by the GWO method under varied values of Loss of Electrical Power Probability (LEPP). Total NPC and LCOE based on LEPP values of 0, 0.04, and 0.06 are $85,106.8, $79,545.99, and $71,747.36 and $0.0887/kWh, $0.0316/kWh, and $0.0102/kWh, respectively. HRESS is economically and environmentally beneficial for supplying electricity to the selected area and worldwide in similar situations.
{"title":"Integrating Solar Photovoltaic Power Source and Biogas Energy-Based System for Increasing Access to Electricity in Rural Areas of Tanzania","authors":"Isaka J. Mwakitalima, M. Rizwan, Narendra Kumar","doi":"10.1155/2023/7950699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7950699","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy is the best option for the challenge of dwindling natural resources and energy scarcity. The utilization of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is the best option for eliminating the energy deficit in Tanzania due to the available great potential of solar energy. Animal manure is a significant source of waste in rural locations which can be transformed into biogas fuel by an anaerobic process. Livestock and agriculture greatly support economically the majority of the sub-Saharan African (SSA) region’s rural population including Tanzania, and excreta from cattle are beneficial for biogas fuel production. Unfortunately, the high potential of animal waste for generating electricity is underutilized. Integrating solar energy sources and biogas fuel derived from animal manure is useful for mitigating energy shortage, power instability, and environmental issues. Off-grid solar PV biogas-based hybrid microgrid systems for rural electrification applications in the Tanzanian environment are limited, and also, most of the studies are extensively carried out using soft computing tools especially hybrid optimization of multiple energy resources (HOMER) software with limited applications of artificial intelligence (AI) optimization techniques. This paper presents technoeconomic viability analysis for a hybrid renewable energy supply system (HRESS) for the Simboya village in Mbeya region, Tanzania. Off-grid HRESS is designed and optimized to meet the load of the chosen location executed using HOMER software and the grey wolf optimization (GWO) method. The microgrid is anticipated to supply daily maximum demand of 63.41 kW. The residential load profile equals 30 kW representing 50% of the daily demand. Optimization results by the HOMER platform indicate that the system has a total net present cost (NPC) and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of $106,383.50 and $0.1109/kWh, respectively. Furthermore, this paper presents the optimization and sensitivity analysis results acquired by the GWO method under varied values of Loss of Electrical Power Probability (LEPP). Total NPC and LCOE based on LEPP values of 0, 0.04, and 0.06 are $85,106.8, $79,545.99, and $71,747.36 and $0.0887/kWh, $0.0316/kWh, and $0.0102/kWh, respectively. HRESS is economically and environmentally beneficial for supplying electricity to the selected area and worldwide in similar situations.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45659984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The temperature in solar cells is one of the main factors affecting their efficiency. Increasing the temperature in solar cells reduces efficiency. According to previously published and recently published studies by our team, with increasing temperature in 5-layer FTO/i-SnO2/CdS/CdTe/Cu2O solar cells, the efficiency has decreased by 8.86% per 100 K. In this research, phase change materials have been used to control the temperature in 5-layer solar cells. Our overall goal in this study is to control the temperature in FTO/i-SnO2/CdS/CdTe/Cu2O solar cells to increase their efficiency. The results obtained using simulations and numerical analysis and comparative analysis show that if one layer is used as a cooling arrangement in 5-layer FTO/i-SnO2/CdS/CdTe/Cu2O solar cells, it reduces the surface temperature of solar cells and increases efficiency.
{"title":"Design and Simulation of a Cooling System for FTO/I-SnO2/CdS/CdTe/Cu2O Solar Cells","authors":"P. Khaledi, Mahdi Behboodnia","doi":"10.1155/2023/1718588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1718588","url":null,"abstract":"The temperature in solar cells is one of the main factors affecting their efficiency. Increasing the temperature in solar cells reduces efficiency. According to previously published and recently published studies by our team, with increasing temperature in 5-layer FTO/i-SnO2/CdS/CdTe/Cu2O solar cells, the efficiency has decreased by 8.86% per 100 K. In this research, phase change materials have been used to control the temperature in 5-layer solar cells. Our overall goal in this study is to control the temperature in FTO/i-SnO2/CdS/CdTe/Cu2O solar cells to increase their efficiency. The results obtained using simulations and numerical analysis and comparative analysis show that if one layer is used as a cooling arrangement in 5-layer FTO/i-SnO2/CdS/CdTe/Cu2O solar cells, it reduces the surface temperature of solar cells and increases efficiency.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photovoltaic (PV) research is rapidly growing, and the need for controlled environments to validate new MPPT controllers is becoming increasingly important. Currently, researchers face several challenges in testing MPPT algorithms due to the unpredictable nature of solar PV power generation. In this paper, we propose a new photovoltaic emulator (PVE) that could replace solar panels and ensure a highly controllable environment suitable for testing photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this PVE, the complex nonlinear equations of the PV cell/module are fast computed and resolved by a new linearization technique which involves the systematic breakdown of the current-voltage ( I - V ) curve of the PV into twelve linear segments. Based on input environmental conditions, an artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed to assist the linearization process by predicting the current-voltage boundary coordinates of these segments. Using simple linear equations, with the segment boundary coordinates, a reference voltage was generated for the PVE. A nonlinear backstepping controller was designed to exploit the reference voltage and stabilize the power conversion stage (PCS). The PVE was optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Several tests have shown that the proposed nonlinear controller provides better dynamic and robust performance than the PI controller, the most reputable and recurrent control method in the area of PVE. The PVE was coupled with a recently proposed integral backstepping MPPT controller and analyzed under several dynamic conditions, including the MPPT test specified by EN 50530. It was found that the accuracy of the proposed PVE measured by its relative error is less than 0.5%, with an MPPT efficiency of greater than 99.5%. The attractive results achieved by this PVE make it especially suitable for simulating and validating MPPT controllers.
{"title":"A New High-Performance Photovoltaic Emulator Suitable for Simulating and Validating Maximum Power Point Tracking Controllers","authors":"Ambe Harrison, N. H. Alombah","doi":"10.1155/2023/4225831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4225831","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaic (PV) research is rapidly growing, and the need for controlled environments to validate new MPPT controllers is becoming increasingly important. Currently, researchers face several challenges in testing MPPT algorithms due to the unpredictable nature of solar PV power generation. In this paper, we propose a new photovoltaic emulator (PVE) that could replace solar panels and ensure a highly controllable environment suitable for testing photovoltaic (PV) systems. In this PVE, the complex nonlinear equations of the PV cell/module are fast computed and resolved by a new linearization technique which involves the systematic breakdown of the current-voltage (\u0000 \u0000 I\u0000 \u0000 -\u0000 \u0000 V\u0000 \u0000 ) curve of the PV into twelve linear segments. Based on input environmental conditions, an artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed to assist the linearization process by predicting the current-voltage boundary coordinates of these segments. Using simple linear equations, with the segment boundary coordinates, a reference voltage was generated for the PVE. A nonlinear backstepping controller was designed to exploit the reference voltage and stabilize the power conversion stage (PCS). The PVE was optimized using particle swarm optimization (PSO). Several tests have shown that the proposed nonlinear controller provides better dynamic and robust performance than the PI controller, the most reputable and recurrent control method in the area of PVE. The PVE was coupled with a recently proposed integral backstepping MPPT controller and analyzed under several dynamic conditions, including the MPPT test specified by EN 50530. It was found that the accuracy of the proposed PVE measured by its relative error is less than 0.5%, with an MPPT efficiency of greater than 99.5%. The attractive results achieved by this PVE make it especially suitable for simulating and validating MPPT controllers.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46167160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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