Guoping Lei, Chang Yan, Li Cai, Chao He, Nina Dai, Shenghao Li, Jing Liu
As a kind of inexhaustible renewable energy, solar energy is popular, and photovoltaic power generation has been paid attention to by all circles. However, determining the global maximum power point (GMPP) is difficult under external ambient temperature and light intensity change, and MPPT control technology becomes the key to research. Fast, accurate, and stable GMPP capture has become a hot research problem in PV power generation systems. The GWO algorithm incorporating the Levy flight function and the INC using the vertex as the dividing point with different step sizes on the left and right sides are combined and applied to the MPPT control strategy of PV systems. The global search is completed by IGWO first, and then the exact search is completed by the improved INC when it is close to the global optimum. The final tracking accuracy is above 99%, and compared with the GWO, INC, and ICS-IP&O algorithms, respectively, in the case of abrupt changes, the tracking time is accelerated by 0.021 s on average. The oscillation amplitude is smaller, and the voltage is more stable.
{"title":"IGWO-VINC Algorithm Applied to MPPT Strategy for PV System","authors":"Guoping Lei, Chang Yan, Li Cai, Chao He, Nina Dai, Shenghao Li, Jing Liu","doi":"10.1155/2024/1664320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/1664320","url":null,"abstract":"As a kind of inexhaustible renewable energy, solar energy is popular, and photovoltaic power generation has been paid attention to by all circles. However, determining the global maximum power point (GMPP) is difficult under external ambient temperature and light intensity change, and MPPT control technology becomes the key to research. Fast, accurate, and stable GMPP capture has become a hot research problem in PV power generation systems. The GWO algorithm incorporating the Levy flight function and the INC using the vertex as the dividing point with different step sizes on the left and right sides are combined and applied to the MPPT control strategy of PV systems. The global search is completed by IGWO first, and then the exact search is completed by the improved INC when it is close to the global optimum. The final tracking accuracy is above 99%, and compared with the GWO, INC, and ICS-IP&O algorithms, respectively, in the case of abrupt changes, the tracking time is accelerated by 0.021 s on average. The oscillation amplitude is smaller, and the voltage is more stable.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141169140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mrigendra Singh, S. C. Solanki, Basant Agrawal, Rajesh Bhargava
The present study investigates the performance of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems that employ silver, aluminum oxide, copper, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles with distilled water as a solvent. The volume portions of the nanoparticles considered are 2% and 5% by weight. The study employs an energy balance equation to encompass circular geometries for fluid flow channels and a flow velocity ranging from 1×10−4 to 3×10−4 m/s. A numerical model has been established to investigate the performance of the photovoltaic thermal system and obtained the highest performance in Cu/water nanofluid for a uniform mass flow rate of 0.0670 kg/s and volume portion of 5% compared to other nanofluids, and the average electrical, thermal, and overall performance achieved is 15.8%, 30.2%, and 45.3%, respectively. Moreover, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict the electrical and thermal efficiency of the PVT system, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between array error of the thermal and electrical efficiency of the system is 4.98% and 2.61%, respectively. This value shows the strong validation of the numerical and ANN simulation values.
{"title":"Numerical Evaluation and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Model of the Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) System with Different Nanofluids","authors":"Mrigendra Singh, S. C. Solanki, Basant Agrawal, Rajesh Bhargava","doi":"10.1155/2024/6649100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6649100","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the performance of photovoltaic thermal (PVT) systems that employ silver, aluminum oxide, copper, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles with distilled water as a solvent. The volume portions of the nanoparticles considered are 2% and 5% by weight. The study employs an energy balance equation to encompass circular geometries for fluid flow channels and a flow velocity ranging from 1×10−4 to 3×10−4 m/s. A numerical model has been established to investigate the performance of the photovoltaic thermal system and obtained the highest performance in Cu/water nanofluid for a uniform mass flow rate of 0.0670 kg/s and volume portion of 5% compared to other nanofluids, and the average electrical, thermal, and overall performance achieved is 15.8%, 30.2%, and 45.3%, respectively. Moreover, an artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to predict the electrical and thermal efficiency of the PVT system, and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between array error of the thermal and electrical efficiency of the system is 4.98% and 2.61%, respectively. This value shows the strong validation of the numerical and ANN simulation values.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional silicon solar cells due to their low cost of fabrication and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The utilization of lead halide perovskites as absorber layers in perovskite solar cells has been impeded by two major issues: lead poisoning and stability concerns. These hindrances have greatly impeded the industrialization of this cutting-edge technology. In light of the harmful effects of lead in perovskite solar cells, researchers have shifted their attention to exploring lead-free metal halide perovskites. However, the present alternatives to lead-based perovskite exhibit poor performance, thus prompting further inquiry into this matter. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the use of Cu2O as a hole transport layer in combination with lead-free metal halide perovskite (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3) to achieve superior performance. Through meticulous experimentation, the suggested model has achieved outstanding results by optimizing several key variables. These variables include the thickness of the absorber layer (CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3), defect density, and doping densities, as well as the back contact work function and the operating temperature associated with each layer. The proposed FTO/PC60BM/CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3/Cu2O/Au solar cell structure surpassed prior configurations by comprehensively examining key aspects such as absorber layer thickness and defect density, doping densities, and back contact work. The structure has been also compared with multiple electron transport elements and concluded that the proposed model functions superior due to the use of PC60BM as an electron transport layer and it has an improved electron extraction procedure. Finally, the proposed model has achieved the optimized values as of 31.56 mA/cm-2, of 1.12 V, FF of 81.47%, and PCE of 27.72%. As a consequence of this research, the investigated structure may be an excellent contender for the eventual creation of lead-fre
{"title":"Enhancing CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 Perovskite Solar Cell Performance via Cu2O Hole Transport Layer Integration","authors":"Abu Rayhan, M. A. Khan, Md. Rabiul Islam","doi":"10.1155/2024/8859153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8859153","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional silicon solar cells due to their low cost of fabrication and high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The utilization of lead halide perovskites as absorber layers in perovskite solar cells has been impeded by two major issues: lead poisoning and stability concerns. These hindrances have greatly impeded the industrialization of this cutting-edge technology. In light of the harmful effects of lead in perovskite solar cells, researchers have shifted their attention to exploring lead-free metal halide perovskites. However, the present alternatives to lead-based perovskite exhibit poor performance, thus prompting further inquiry into this matter. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the use of Cu<sub>2</sub>O as a hole transport layer in combination with lead-free metal halide perovskite (CsSn<sub>0.5</sub>Ge<sub>0.5</sub>I<sub>3</sub>) to achieve superior performance. Through meticulous experimentation, the suggested model has achieved outstanding results by optimizing several key variables. These variables include the thickness of the absorber layer (CsSn<sub>0.5</sub>Ge<sub>0.5</sub>I<sub>3</sub>), defect density, and doping densities, as well as the back contact work function and the operating temperature associated with each layer. The proposed FTO/PC<sub>60</sub>BM/CsSn<sub>0.5</sub>Ge<sub>0.5</sub>I<sub>3</sub>/Cu<sub>2</sub>O/Au solar cell structure surpassed prior configurations by comprehensively examining key aspects such as absorber layer thickness and defect density, doping densities, and back contact work. The structure has been also compared with multiple electron transport elements and concluded that the proposed model functions superior due to the use of PC<sub>60</sub>BM as an electron transport layer and it has an improved electron extraction procedure. Finally, the proposed model has achieved the optimized values as <svg height=\"11.9087pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.2728pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 12.9366 11.9087\" width=\"12.9366pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,5.031,3.132)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.444,3.132)\"></path></g></svg> of 31.56 mA/cm<sup>-2</sup>, <svg height=\"11.9087pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.2728pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 16.5616 11.9087\" width=\"16.5616pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.332,3.132)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.055,3.132)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g190-100\"></use></g></svg> of 1.12 V, FF of 81.47%, and PCE of 27.72%. As a consequence of this research, the investigated structure may be an excellent contender for the eventual creation of lead-fre","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140839093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pierre Gérard Darel Kond Ngue, Ariel Teyou Ngoupo, Aimé Magloire Ntouga Abena, François Xavier Abomo Abega, Jean-Marie Bienvenu Ndjaka
In order to reduce current leakage and improve electron transfer in solar cells, charge transport layers (CTL), mainly hybrid electron transport layers (h-ETL), are considered as a solution. In this research contribution, computational analysis using SCAPS-1D software is performed to explore the output photovoltaic parameters of a Sb2S3-based solar cell with h-ETL. No theoretical works on this configuration have been previously reported. The main objectives of the present work are to propose a h-ETL with good band alignment with the Sb2S3 absorber, high transparency, and Cd free; to mitigate the instability and cost issues associated with using Spiro-OMeTAD HTL; and to optimize the solar cell. Thus, we calibrated the - characteristics and electrical parameters of the FTO/(ZnO/TiO2)/Sb2S3/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au solar cell by numerical simulation and compared them with those of the experiment. Subsequently, our simulations show that to replace the TiO2 ETL used in the experiment and to form the h-ETL with ZnO, IGZO is found to be a good candidate. It has better band alignment with the Sb2S3 absorber than TiO2 ETL, which reduces the trap states at the ETL/Sb2S3 interface; it has high transparency due to its wide bandgap; and an intense electric field is generated at the IGZO/Sb2S3 interface, which reduces the recombination phenomenon at this interface. MoO3, MASnBr3, Cu2O, CuI, and CuSCN HTL were also tested to replace the Spiro-OMeTAD HTL. Simulation results show that the cell with MoO3 HTL achieves higher performance due to its high hole mobility and high quantum efficiency in the visible region; it also allows the solar cell to have better thermal stability (
{"title":"Investigation of the Performance of a Sb2S3-Based Solar Cell with a Hybrid Electron Transport Layer (h-ETL): A Simulation Approach Using SCAPS-1D Software","authors":"Pierre Gérard Darel Kond Ngue, Ariel Teyou Ngoupo, Aimé Magloire Ntouga Abena, François Xavier Abomo Abega, Jean-Marie Bienvenu Ndjaka","doi":"10.1155/2024/5188636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5188636","url":null,"abstract":"In order to reduce current leakage and improve electron transfer in solar cells, charge transport layers (CTL), mainly hybrid electron transport layers (<i>h</i>-ETL), are considered as a solution. In this research contribution, computational analysis using SCAPS-1D software is performed to explore the output photovoltaic parameters of a Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>-based solar cell with <i>h</i>-ETL. No theoretical works on this configuration have been previously reported. The main objectives of the present work are to propose a <i>h</i>-ETL with good band alignment with the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> absorber, high transparency, and Cd free; to mitigate the instability and cost issues associated with using Spiro-OMeTAD HTL; and to optimize the solar cell. Thus, we calibrated the <span><svg height=\"10.5647pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-1.928801pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 5.99765 10.5647\" width=\"5.99765pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g></svg>-</span><svg height=\"8.8423pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 9.35121 8.8423\" width=\"9.35121pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g></svg> characteristics and electrical parameters of the FTO/(ZnO/TiO<sub>2</sub>)/Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au solar cell by numerical simulation and compared them with those of the experiment. Subsequently, our simulations show that to replace the TiO<sub>2</sub> ETL used in the experiment and to form the <i>h</i>-ETL with ZnO, IGZO is found to be a good candidate. It has better band alignment with the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> absorber than TiO<sub>2</sub> ETL, which reduces the trap states at the ETL/Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> interface; it has high transparency due to its wide bandgap; and an intense electric field is generated at the IGZO/Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> interface, which reduces the recombination phenomenon at this interface. MoO<sub>3</sub>, MASnBr<sub>3</sub>, Cu<sub>2</sub>O, CuI, and CuSCN HTL were also tested to replace the Spiro-OMeTAD HTL. Simulation results show that the cell with MoO<sub>3</sub> HTL achieves higher performance due to its high hole mobility and high quantum efficiency in the visible region; it also allows the solar cell to have better thermal stability (<span><svg height=\"9.10327pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499298pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.75334 27.887 9.10327\" width=\"27.887pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.917,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.256,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\"9.10327pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.3499298pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"31.4691838 -8.75334 29.553 9.1","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, a heterojunction (P+ a-SiC/i intrinsic/n-Si) solar cell has been examined and characterized using the Analysis of Microelectronics and Photonic Structures (AMPS-1D) simulator. In this heterojunction solar cell, an intrinsic layer is imposed to enhance the efficiency and performance. The optimum efficiency of 36.52% ( V, mA/cm2, and
Bi2O3-BaTiO3 heterojunction with high photocatalysis efficiency was directly synthesized by rapid thermal processing (RTP). Bi2O3 and BaTiO3 were mixed in ratio and treated by RTP and conventional thermal processing (CTP), respectively. RTP samples have obvious Bi2O3 diffraction peaks, while CTP samples show pure BaTiO3 tetragonal perovskite. More small particles and layered existed in RTP samples. Photodegradation of MB solutions shows that RTP can promote photocatalytic efficiency. Its main lies in the following points: RTP can remove grain boundary defects by strengthening the bond grains; RTP can limit the solution region of the two substances to a certain range to get the best built-in electric field width; and RTP can strengthen the tetragonal BaTiO3 phase to hasten ion movement. Therefore, RTP can achieve much higher photocatalytic efficiency by improving the build heterojunction. This work provides a direct and efficient route to get improvement and high performance of heterojunction.
{"title":"Rapid Thermal Processing and Improved Photocatalysis of Bi2O3-BaTiO3 Heterojunction","authors":"Lina Bing, Wei Wu, Zhenjiang Shen","doi":"10.1155/2024/3777201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3777201","url":null,"abstract":"Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> heterojunction with high photocatalysis efficiency was directly synthesized by rapid thermal processing (RTP). Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and BaTiO<sub>3</sub> were mixed in ratio and treated by RTP and conventional thermal processing (CTP), respectively. RTP samples have obvious Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> diffraction peaks, while CTP samples show pure BaTiO<sub>3</sub> tetragonal perovskite. More small particles and layered existed in RTP samples. Photodegradation of MB solutions shows that RTP can promote photocatalytic efficiency. Its main lies in the following points: RTP can remove grain boundary defects by strengthening the bond grains; RTP can limit the solution region of the two substances to a certain range to get the best built-in electric field width; and RTP can strengthen the tetragonal BaTiO<sub>3</sub> phase to hasten ion movement. Therefore, RTP can achieve much higher photocatalytic efficiency by improving the build heterojunction. This work provides a direct and efficient route to get improvement and high performance of heterojunction.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140168279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oscar Olvera-Neria, Raúl García-Cruz, Julio Gonzalez-Torres, Luz María García-Cruz, Jean Luis Castillo-Sánchez, Enrique Poulain
An evolutionary algorithm was employed to locate the global minimum of nanoparticles with . More than 61,000 structures were calculated with a semiempirical method and reoptimized using density functional theory. The exciton binding energy of TiO2 nanoparticles was determined through the fundamental and optical band gap. Frenkel exciton energy scales as
{"title":"Strongly Bound Frenkel Excitons on TiO2 Nanoparticles: An Evolutionary and DFT Approach","authors":"Oscar Olvera-Neria, Raúl García-Cruz, Julio Gonzalez-Torres, Luz María García-Cruz, Jean Luis Castillo-Sánchez, Enrique Poulain","doi":"10.1155/2024/4014216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/4014216","url":null,"abstract":"An evolutionary algorithm was employed to locate the global minimum of <svg height=\"12.5794pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.29107pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -9.28833 40.3374 12.5794\" width=\"40.3374pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,12.31,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.837,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,25.585,3.132)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,30.531,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,35.029,3.132)\"></path></g></svg> nanoparticles with <span><svg height=\"8.55521pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2063904pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 17.789 8.55521\" width=\"17.789pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.158,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"8.55521pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2063904pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"21.3711838 -8.34882 25.728 8.55521\" width=\"25.728pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,21.421,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.661,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,34.446,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-51\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,40.686,0)\"></path></g></svg>.</span></span> More than 61,000 structures were calculated with a semiempirical method and reoptimized using density functional theory. The exciton binding energy of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles was determined through the fundamental and optical band gap. Frenkel exciton energy scales as <span><svg height=\"14.7729pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.181499pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -11.5914 50.365 14.7729\" width=\"50.365pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.943,3.132)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.987,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-41\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.485,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,25.41,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,34.604,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-42\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.734,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-34\"></use></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\"14.7729pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.181499pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"53.9471838 -11.5914 27.042 14.7729\" width=\"27.042pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,53.997,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,60.237,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,63.201,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use>","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Hashim, Muhammad Usman, Sohail Ahmad, Rasool Shah, Atizaz Ali, Naveed Ur Rahman
Inorganic photocatalytic materials exhibiting a highly efficient response to ultraviolet-visible light spectrum have become a subject of widespread global interest. They offer a substantial prospect for generating green energy and mitigating water pollution. Zinc oxide (ZnO), among various semiconductors, proves advantageous for water-splitting applications due to its elevated reactivity, chemical stability, and nontoxic nature. However, its efficacy as a photocatalyst is hindered by limited light absorption capacity and swift charge carrier recombination. To improve charge separation and enhance responsiveness to ultraviolet-visible light photocatalysis, the formation of a heterojunction with another suitable semiconductor is beneficial. Thus, we employed hydrothermal route for the synthesis of the samples, which is a high-pressure method. The formations of ZnO/NiO heterostructures were revealed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The nanocomposites were discovered to have a substantially higher photocatalytic activity for the generation of H2. The H2 production rates show that ZnO (i.e., 168.91 molg-1 h-1) exhibits good H2 production rates as compared to NiO (i.e., 135.74 molg-1 h-1). The best production rates were observed for ZN-30 (i.e., 247.56 molg-1 h-1) which is 1.46 times greater than ZnO and 1.82 times greater than NiO. This enhanced photocatalytic activity for ZN-30 is because of the good electron-hole pair separation due to the formation of depletion layer, suppression of fast charge recombination, and overcoming resistance corrosion.
{"title":"ZnO/NiO Nanocomposite with Enhanced Photocatalytic H2 Production","authors":"Muhammad Hashim, Muhammad Usman, Sohail Ahmad, Rasool Shah, Atizaz Ali, Naveed Ur Rahman","doi":"10.1155/2024/2676368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2676368","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic photocatalytic materials exhibiting a highly efficient response to ultraviolet-visible light spectrum have become a subject of widespread global interest. They offer a substantial prospect for generating green energy and mitigating water pollution. Zinc oxide (ZnO), among various semiconductors, proves advantageous for water-splitting applications due to its elevated reactivity, chemical stability, and nontoxic nature. However, its efficacy as a photocatalyst is hindered by limited light absorption capacity and swift charge carrier recombination. To improve charge separation and enhance responsiveness to ultraviolet-visible light photocatalysis, the formation of a heterojunction with another suitable semiconductor is beneficial. Thus, we employed hydrothermal route for the synthesis of the samples, which is a high-pressure method. The formations of ZnO/NiO heterostructures were revealed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The nanocomposites were discovered to have a substantially higher photocatalytic activity for the generation of H<sub>2</sub>. The H<sub>2</sub> production rates show that ZnO (i.e., 168.91 <svg height=\"9.39034pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42943pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.34167 9.39034\" width=\"7.34167pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g></svg>molg<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) exhibits good H<sub>2</sub> production rates as compared to NiO (i.e., 135.74 <svg height=\"9.39034pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42943pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.34167 9.39034\" width=\"7.34167pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-234\"></use></g></svg>molg<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>). The best production rates were observed for ZN-30 (i.e., 247.56 <svg height=\"9.39034pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42943pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.34167 9.39034\" width=\"7.34167pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-234\"></use></g></svg>molg<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) which is 1.46 times greater than ZnO and 1.82 times greater than NiO. This enhanced photocatalytic activity for ZN-30 is because of the good electron-hole pair separation due to the formation of depletion layer, suppression of fast charge recombination, and overcoming resistance corrosion.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139771779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wang Yin, Zhao Jingyong, Xie Gang, Zhao Zhicheng, Hu Xiao
In recent years, solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, as a clean energy source, has received widespread attention and experienced rapid growth worldwide. However, the rapid growth of PV power deployment also brings important challenges to the maintenance of PV panels, and in order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an innovative algorithm based on PA-YOLO. First, we propose to use PA-YOLO’s asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN) instead of YOLOv7’s backbone network to support direct interactions of nonadjacent layers and avoid large semantic gaps between nonadjacent layers. For the occlusion problem of dense targets in the dataset, we introduce a repulsive loss function, which successfully reduces the occurrence of false detection situations. Finally, we propose a customized convolutional block equipped with an EMA mechanism to enhance the perceptual and expressive capabilities of the model. Experimental results on the dataset show that our proposed model achieves excellent performance with an average accuracy (mAP) of 94.5%, which is 6.8% higher than YOLOv7. In addition, our algorithm also succeeds in drastically reducing the model size from 71.3 MB to 48.4 MB, which well demonstrates the effectiveness of the model.
{"title":"PA-YOLO-Based Multifault Defect Detection Algorithm for PV Panels","authors":"Wang Yin, Zhao Jingyong, Xie Gang, Zhao Zhicheng, Hu Xiao","doi":"10.1155/2024/6113260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6113260","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, as a clean energy source, has received widespread attention and experienced rapid growth worldwide. However, the rapid growth of PV power deployment also brings important challenges to the maintenance of PV panels, and in order to solve this problem, this paper proposes an innovative algorithm based on PA-YOLO. First, we propose to use PA-YOLO’s asymptotic feature pyramid network (AFPN) instead of YOLOv7’s backbone network to support direct interactions of nonadjacent layers and avoid large semantic gaps between nonadjacent layers. For the occlusion problem of dense targets in the dataset, we introduce a repulsive loss function, which successfully reduces the occurrence of false detection situations. Finally, we propose a customized convolutional block equipped with an EMA mechanism to enhance the perceptual and expressive capabilities of the model. Experimental results on the dataset show that our proposed model achieves excellent performance with an average accuracy (mAP) of 94.5%, which is 6.8% higher than YOLOv7. In addition, our algorithm also succeeds in drastically reducing the model size from 71.3 MB to 48.4 MB, which well demonstrates the effectiveness of the model.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper proposes a diagnosis method based on time series and support vector machine (SVM) to improve the timeliness, accuracy, and feasibility of fault diagnosis for photovoltaic (PV) arrays. It obtains the nominal output power of the PV array based on real-time collected data such as voltage, current, radiation, and temperature and normalizes the power values at different time points throughout the day to form a time series. Using the time series values as input data for a “one-to-one” multiclass classifier, we can identify and classify typical operational faults such as random shading, fixed shading, and aging degradation of PV arrays. The developed algorithmic model is trained and tested for different fault conditions using the data sets generated by the PV array simulation device. The experimental results show that our model has fairly good reliability and accuracy, and to some extent, it solves the problem of classifying shading and aging faults, two of which exhibit rather similar degradation characteristics.
{"title":"Fault Diagnosis of PV Array Based on Time Series and Support Vector Machine","authors":"Ying Zhong, Bo Zhang, Xu Ji, Jieping Wu","doi":"10.1155/2024/2885545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/2885545","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a diagnosis method based on time series and support vector machine (SVM) to improve the timeliness, accuracy, and feasibility of fault diagnosis for photovoltaic (PV) arrays. It obtains the nominal output power of the PV array based on real-time collected data such as voltage, current, radiation, and temperature and normalizes the power values at different time points throughout the day to form a time series. Using the time series values as input data for a “one-to-one” multiclass classifier, we can identify and classify typical operational faults such as random shading, fixed shading, and aging degradation of PV arrays. The developed algorithmic model is trained and tested for different fault conditions using the data sets generated by the PV array simulation device. The experimental results show that our model has fairly good reliability and accuracy, and to some extent, it solves the problem of classifying shading and aging faults, two of which exhibit rather similar degradation characteristics.","PeriodicalId":14195,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Photoenergy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139506317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：