Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.113
Sunbee Yu
The Mother is Karel Čapek's final play. The work, written in 1938, reveals a departure from the usual scientific and fantastical themes heretofore employed by the writer, such as robots, immortality, terminal illness and so on. This play, resembling a classical drama, is framed by a series of dichotomic conflicts. Of the various conflicts presented in the play, including life versus death, the visible versus the invisible space, the older generation versus the younger generation, the most fundamental conflict is that between the world of women and the world of men. Through the framework of these confliction dichotomies, we see the gradual change in the mother's views by the end of the play. This is almost certainly the writer’s intention. Like the grandly dramatic endings of past classical dramas, the playwright creates the utmost impact with the mother’s final words, ‘Go!’ The meaning of confrontation by Čapek in his work is not to emphasize that they are at odds with each other. The open confrontation between man and woman in everyday life has been taken for granted over a long period of time, just as black and white oppose. This difference does not mean that we should exclude each other and one should prevail. Just as Čapek did not say that either of the opposite things was right, he shows that we need to recognize that they co-exist and acknowledge each other’s differences. What sets this play apart from previous works is the author’s attitude. Each idea or issue has its own principles and logic, so Čapek, who does not say that a particular one is correct, chooses one in this work.
{"title":"The Structure of Dichotomies in Čapek’s Drama The Mother","authors":"Sunbee Yu","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.113","url":null,"abstract":"The Mother is Karel Čapek's final play. The work, written in 1938, reveals a departure from the usual scientific and fantastical themes heretofore employed by the writer, such as robots, immortality, terminal illness and so on. \u0000This play, resembling a classical drama, is framed by a series of dichotomic conflicts. Of the various conflicts presented in the play, including life versus death, the visible versus the invisible space, the older generation versus the younger generation, the most fundamental conflict is that between the world of women and the world of men. \u0000Through the framework of these confliction dichotomies, we see the gradual change in the mother's views by the end of the play. This is almost certainly the writer’s intention. Like the grandly dramatic endings of past classical dramas, the playwright creates the utmost impact with the mother’s final words, ‘Go!’ The meaning of confrontation by Čapek in his work is not to emphasize that they are at odds with each other. The open confrontation between man and woman in everyday life has been taken for granted over a long period of time, just as black and white oppose. This difference does not mean that we should exclude each other and one should prevail. Just as Čapek did not say that either of the opposite things was right, he shows that we need to recognize that they co-exist and acknowledge each other’s differences. \u0000What sets this play apart from previous works is the author’s attitude. Each idea or issue has its own principles and logic, so Čapek, who does not say that a particular one is correct, chooses one in this work.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128629502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.3
Sang Hun Kim
This paper examines the historical and political aspects of the South Slavs from the perspective of ‘dominated’ and ‘subjugated’ based on the framework of oral literature. In addition, by examining the development of oral literature of Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina, the characteristics of oral literature history of each nation were also examined. In terms of the preservation and development of oral literature, the most important factor is the ‘ethnic characteristics’ of an individual nation as well as ‘religion’ and ‘whether or not to accept the written word’. Of course, as considered in this study, it is very natural for national resistance to arise from the ruling peoples of the Ottoman Empire, including Serbia, who were directly the target of exploitation and oppression. On the other hand, it is also understandable that the sense of national resistance was not as great as in the case of regions and peoples where the domination of the Ottoman Empire was not direct, such as Croatia and Slovenia. The common characteristics and differences were examined through the historical background of the peoples of Yugoslavia and the historical characteristics of oral literature. And in Chapter 3, through the analysis of specific oral literature works, we grasped the various responses and emotions of the ruled people against the oppression and injustice of the Ottoman Turk Empire. In conclusion, it can be understood that the peoples of Yugoslavia tried to show the indomitable national spirit as the ruled people who did not give in to the dominant people through oral literature. However, from this perspective, it can be seen that the Croatian and Slovenian peoples did not have individual national resistance through oral literature works.
{"title":"Politics in Literature: The Atmosphere and Responses of the Governed Peoples of Yugoslavia in the Oral and Written Literature","authors":"Sang Hun Kim","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the historical and political aspects of the South Slavs from the perspective of ‘dominated’ and ‘subjugated’ based on the framework of oral literature. In addition, by examining the development of oral literature of Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia-Herzegovina, the characteristics of oral literature history of each nation were also examined. In terms of the preservation and development of oral literature, the most important factor is the ‘ethnic characteristics’ of an individual nation as well as ‘religion’ and ‘whether or not to accept the written word’. Of course, as considered in this study, it is very natural for national resistance to arise from the ruling peoples of the Ottoman Empire, including Serbia, who were directly the target of exploitation and oppression. On the other hand, it is also understandable that the sense of national resistance was not as great as in the case of regions and peoples where the domination of the Ottoman Empire was not direct, such as Croatia and Slovenia. \u0000The common characteristics and differences were examined through the historical background of the peoples of Yugoslavia and the historical characteristics of oral literature. And in Chapter 3, through the analysis of specific oral literature works, we grasped the various responses and emotions of the ruled people against the oppression and injustice of the Ottoman Turk Empire. In conclusion, it can be understood that the peoples of Yugoslavia tried to show the indomitable national spirit as the ruled people who did not give in to the dominant people through oral literature. However, from this perspective, it can be seen that the Croatian and Slovenian peoples did not have individual national resistance through oral literature works.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128611688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.127
Chul-min Kim
In terms of international relation, the most important geopolitical-geostrategic code for understanding the Central and Eastern Europe is the ‘Buffer Zone’ between the Powers. Whenever the ‘Buffer Zone’ of the Central and Eastern Europe collapsed, there were the great wars among the Great Powers in Europe, and the surrounding Powers divided the Central and Eastern Europe or tried to secure full influence in the this region. This is very similar to that of the Korean Peninsula, and also the concept of the ‘Buffer Zone’ applies to us as it is. In this study, I would like to present three major keywords of international relation that can understand the survival startegy of Central and Eastern Europe today. The first keyword is the ‘New Cold War place between NATO and Russia’. The second keyword could be the ‘EU’s strategy for expansion and willingness to protect the Western Balkan through the Berlin Process’. The third keyword is ‘new challenge, China’s One Belt and One Road Initiative’. In the final conclusion, I would like to explain the implications and lessons learned through the major keywords of international relation for understanding the Central and Eastern Europe in the 21st century.
{"title":"Post Covid, The Keywords of International Relation and Survival Strategy of Central and Eastern Europe in the 21st Century","authors":"Chul-min Kim","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.127","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of international relation, the most important geopolitical-geostrategic code for understanding the Central and Eastern Europe is the ‘Buffer Zone’ between the Powers. Whenever the ‘Buffer Zone’ of the Central and Eastern Europe collapsed, there were the great wars among the Great Powers in Europe, and the surrounding Powers divided the Central and Eastern Europe or tried to secure full influence in the this region. This is very similar to that of the Korean Peninsula, and also the concept of the ‘Buffer Zone’ applies to us as it is. \u0000In this study, I would like to present three major keywords of international relation that can understand the survival startegy of Central and Eastern Europe today. The first keyword is the ‘New Cold War place between NATO and Russia’. The second keyword could be the ‘EU’s strategy for expansion and willingness to protect the Western Balkan through the Berlin Process’. The third keyword is ‘new challenge, China’s One Belt and One Road Initiative’. In the final conclusion, I would like to explain the implications and lessons learned through the major keywords of international relation for understanding the Central and Eastern Europe in the 21st century.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123531691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.101
Jeong Hwan Kim
After the 1989 revolution, new politicians in the transition period who had to adapt to unfamiliar political atmosphere shared three visions for the future of the country. The first was the restoration of pre-communist history and politics, the second was the declaration of liberalism, and the last was the realization of a social project and political design for this purpose. However, the political situation in the 1990s was grim due to the deterioration of the National Salvation Front (Frontul Salvării Naţionale) and the unrest in the university square, and the new world was slowly approaching because of the old communists. On one hand, Romania in transition had the dual goal of creating representative democracy systems and practices, and establishing a free market economy system on the other hand. This double transformation was premised on the introduction and settlement of neoliberal ideology according to policy decisions between ‘representative democracy’ and ‘market economy’, and social consensus on democratization and transition to a market economy. A successful transition was a task given to president Ion Iliescu, who had to lead at a major turning point in 1990~1996, but the historical reality was far more complex and difficult than could have been anticipated and programmed. From president Emil Constantinescu, who made the first democratic transfer of power in 1996, to Prime Minister Adrian Năstase in 2002, the political declarations and experiments of ‘the end of the transition’ and ‘the beginning of a new era’ were repeated over and over again. Society in the transition had to abandon the paternalistic and authoritarian mindset left behind by the communist ideology and dictatorship of the past. The most important change is the transition from a monolithic system such as a dictatorship to a plural system. Free access to mass media, the opening of the free movement right, and the promise of restoration to Europe have led to a radical acceleration of social change. In that sense, EU accession in 2007 can be regarded as the end of the transition to the post-communist regime. Romania was officially linked with Europe again politically and economically, as it had been before socialism. This long historical process suggests how the experience of communism affected Romanians’ worldview and how real their integration into Europe was.
{"title":"Politics, Economy and Social Culture in Romania during the Transition","authors":"Jeong Hwan Kim","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.101","url":null,"abstract":"After the 1989 revolution, new politicians in the transition period who had to adapt to unfamiliar political atmosphere shared three visions for the future of the country. The first was the restoration of pre-communist history and politics, the second was the declaration of liberalism, and the last was the realization of a social project and political design for this purpose. \u0000However, the political situation in the 1990s was grim due to the deterioration of the National Salvation Front (Frontul Salvării Naţionale) and the unrest in the university square, and the new world was slowly approaching because of the old communists. On one hand, Romania in transition had the dual goal of creating representative democracy systems and practices, and establishing a free market economy system on the other hand. This double transformation was premised on the introduction and settlement of neoliberal ideology according to policy decisions between ‘representative democracy’ and ‘market economy’, and social consensus on democratization and transition to a market economy. \u0000A successful transition was a task given to president Ion Iliescu, who had to lead at a major turning point in 1990~1996, but the historical reality was far more complex and difficult than could have been anticipated and programmed. From president Emil Constantinescu, who made the first democratic transfer of power in 1996, to Prime Minister Adrian Năstase in 2002, the political declarations and experiments of ‘the end of the transition’ and ‘the beginning of a new era’ were repeated over and over again. \u0000Society in the transition had to abandon the paternalistic and authoritarian mindset left behind by the communist ideology and dictatorship of the past. The most important change is the transition from a monolithic system such as a dictatorship to a plural system. Free access to mass media, the opening of the free movement right, and the promise of restoration to Europe have led to a radical acceleration of social change. \u0000In that sense, EU accession in 2007 can be regarded as the end of the transition to the post-communist regime. Romania was officially linked with Europe again politically and economically, as it had been before socialism. This long historical process suggests how the experience of communism affected Romanians’ worldview and how real their integration into Europe was.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121383460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.163
J. Woo, Yoon Lee
Concerns about global climate change such as ‘global warming’ and ‘greenhouse effects’ have evolved into a desperate expression “climate crisis” in today. Accordingly, the UN adopted the ‘Paris Agreement’ in 2015, and calling for all countries to implement concrete action plans and practices to realize the goal of the ‘Net Zero’(Carbon Neutral 2050). This is the reason why the voices claiming the usefulness of nuclear power generation or the inevitability of nuclear power generation are increasing at home and abroad in recent years. The European Union classified nuclear power plants as a green taxonomy, and the United States is reconsidering its interest in nuclear power plants. Korea has been pursuing a policy to phase out nuclear power for the past five years, but the new government is foreshadowing a policy shift to actively utilize nuclear power. This study examines the nuclear industry, which is attracting attention again as a way to cope with the climate crisis and meet realistic energy demand, through the cases of Russia and France. As of 2022, Russia is evaluated as a country with the world's best capabilities and competitiveness in the nuclear sector. The EU's nuclear powerhouse France has developed a nuclear industry as a driving force for its energy security and economic development. Furthermore, the two countries are highly trusted and boast the highest competitiveness as suppliers of nuclear power plants to emerging countries seeking to introduce nuclear power plants. Korea also has experience in exporting nuclear power plants to the UAE and is seeking to export more nuclear power plants at the national level. This is why this study examines the nuclear power plant industry and competitiveness of Russia and France. This study analyzes both instrumental nuclear power plants as a countermeasure against the climate crisis and nuclear power plants as the basis for national economic development.
{"title":"Nuclear Power as a Response to the Climate Crisis: Focusing on the Development and Cooperation of the Nuclear Industry in Russia and France","authors":"J. Woo, Yoon Lee","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.163","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about global climate change such as ‘global warming’ and ‘greenhouse effects’ have evolved into a desperate expression “climate crisis” in today. Accordingly, the UN adopted the ‘Paris Agreement’ in 2015, and calling for all countries to implement concrete action plans and practices to realize the goal of the ‘Net Zero’(Carbon Neutral 2050). This is the reason why the voices claiming the usefulness of nuclear power generation or the inevitability of nuclear power generation are increasing at home and abroad in recent years. The European Union classified nuclear power plants as a green taxonomy, and the United States is reconsidering its interest in nuclear power plants. Korea has been pursuing a policy to phase out nuclear power for the past five years, but the new government is foreshadowing a policy shift to actively utilize nuclear power. \u0000This study examines the nuclear industry, which is attracting attention again as a way to cope with the climate crisis and meet realistic energy demand, through the cases of Russia and France. As of 2022, Russia is evaluated as a country with the world's best capabilities and competitiveness in the nuclear sector. The EU's nuclear powerhouse France has developed a nuclear industry as a driving force for its energy security and economic development. \u0000Furthermore, the two countries are highly trusted and boast the highest competitiveness as suppliers of nuclear power plants to emerging countries seeking to introduce nuclear power plants. Korea also has experience in exporting nuclear power plants to the UAE and is seeking to export more nuclear power plants at the national level. This is why this study examines the nuclear power plant industry and competitiveness of Russia and France. This study analyzes both instrumental nuclear power plants as a countermeasure against the climate crisis and nuclear power plants as the basis for national economic development.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121545217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.77
Kyengmin Han
Humans communicate not only through words, but also through gestures, facial expressions, and postures, which convey people’s emotions and psychological states. The film directed by Gábor Reisz, is set in 2012 in Hungary, when the unemployment rate reached 11.30%. Many young individuals who have newly entered society and live independently have been jobless. As a consequence, content that is difficult to impress the audience was chosen for this film, which exposes real-life difficulties without filtering them. To overcome these shortcomings, the case unfolds with black comedy while revealing scenes identical to reality like a documentary. In addition, the movement of the camera focuses on the body language rather than the speech-language of the characters, expressing the inner strength of human beings and the will to live. By conveying the character’s psychology through direct and clear body language, the audience also turns their gaze away from the main character’s problems and faces them. The change in the main character’s inner psychology and attitude toward life clearly reveals the will to exist through charade, choosing to stay alive even in the face of pain or crisis. The change in actions, attitudes and gestures of the main character, who lives helplessly while falling here and there, and runs vigorously in search of potential inner strength and vitality in a fleeting moment, clearly reveals his heart through shredding. By analyzing the charade of this film, I was able to understand the interrelation of the body language and psychology.
{"title":"Interrelation of Body Language and Psychology: An Analyzing of Charade on the For Some Inexplicable Reason","authors":"Kyengmin Han","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.77","url":null,"abstract":"Humans communicate not only through words, but also through gestures, facial expressions, and postures, which convey people’s emotions and psychological states. The film directed by Gábor Reisz, is set in 2012 in Hungary, when the unemployment rate reached 11.30%. Many young individuals who have newly entered society and live independently have been jobless. As a consequence, content that is difficult to impress the audience was chosen for this film, which exposes real-life difficulties without filtering them. To overcome these shortcomings, the case unfolds with black comedy while revealing scenes identical to reality like a documentary. In addition, the movement of the camera focuses on the body language rather than the speech-language of the characters, expressing the inner strength of human beings and the will to live. By conveying the character’s psychology through direct and clear body language, the audience also turns their gaze away from the main character’s problems and faces them. The change in the main character’s inner psychology and attitude toward life clearly reveals the will to exist through charade, choosing to stay alive even in the face of pain or crisis. The change in actions, attitudes and gestures of the main character, who lives helplessly while falling here and there, and runs vigorously in search of potential inner strength and vitality in a fleeting moment, clearly reveals his heart through shredding. By analyzing the charade of this film, I was able to understand the interrelation of the body language and psychology.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130738025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.25
Hee-Jung Kim
Polish film director Krzysztof Kieślowski has directed twenty-one documentaries. His films, which have consistently offered insights into “human” and ontological concerns, began with documentaries. Kieślowski employed his unique ethical sensibility in his move from pure documentary to feature film, and even in his feature films portrays an essential, poignant and detailed portrait of what it means to be “human”. In his early works, Kieślowski explored aspects of ordinary people's lives against the background of the political situation in Poland. In his feature films, he paints a portrait of an essential “human” with whom people can universally sympathize; these are not just stories of Polish people, but of Europe. In this study, the director’s film world is analyzed focusing on three of Kieślowski’s documentary films: Hospital (Szpital), Seven Women of Different Ages (Siedem kobiet w różnym wieku), and Central Station (Dworzec). In particular, by examining the techniques of Kieślowski’s three later documentary films, this study investigates the trajectory of his film world just prior to his shift into feature film. Hospital follows orthopedic surgeons for thirty-two hours through their point-of-view, revealing how they retained their humanity even in the harshest conditions. In Seven Women of Different Ages, the lives of seven ballerinas of different ages are sequentially shown during the course of one week. In Central Station, a surveillance camera, the story of the man behind it, and the ordinary people he watches are captured with the director’s unique, sharp perspective. This study also looks into why Kieślowski felt the need to shift from the documentary genre to feature films, concluding that the director’s will to portray what it means to be “human” could be more freely represented in feature films over documentaries.
波兰电影导演克日什托夫Kieślowski导演了21部纪录片。他的电影从纪录片开始，一直提供对“人”和本体论问题的见解。Kieślowski在他从纯粹的纪录片到故事片的转变中运用了他独特的伦理敏感性，甚至在他的故事片中也描绘了一个重要的、尖锐的、详细的关于“人类”意味着什么的肖像。在他的早期作品中，Kieślowski在波兰政治局势的背景下探索了普通人生活的各个方面。在他的故事片中，他描绘了一个人们可以普遍同情的基本“人类”的肖像;这不仅仅是波兰人的故事，也是整个欧洲的故事。在本研究中，导演的电影世界的分析重点是Kieślowski的三部纪录片:医院(Szpital)，七个不同年龄的女人(Siedem kobiet w różnym wieku)和中央车站(Dworzec)。特别是，通过考察Kieślowski后来的三部纪录片的技术，本研究调查了他在转向故事片之前的电影世界的轨迹。《医院》通过整形外科医生的视角，对他们进行了32个小时的跟踪调查，揭示了他们如何在最恶劣的条件下保持人性。在《七个不同年龄的女人》中，七个不同年龄的芭蕾舞演员的生活在一周的时间里被依次展示。在中央车站，一个监控摄像头，背后的男人的故事，以及他所看到的普通人，都以导演独特、敏锐的视角被捕捉到了。这项研究也探讨了为什么Kieślowski觉得有必要从纪录片类型转向剧情片，得出的结论是，导演描绘“人类”意味着什么的意愿可以在剧情片中比纪录片更自由地表现出来。
{"title":"Kieślowski’s Film World Seen through Documentary: Focusing on Hospital, Seven Women of Different Ages and Dworzec","authors":"Hee-Jung Kim","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.25","url":null,"abstract":"Polish film director Krzysztof Kieślowski has directed twenty-one documentaries. His films, which have consistently offered insights into “human” and ontological concerns, began with documentaries. Kieślowski employed his unique ethical sensibility in his move from pure documentary to feature film, and even in his feature films portrays an essential, poignant and detailed portrait of what it means to be “human”. In his early works, Kieślowski explored aspects of ordinary people's lives against the background of the political situation in Poland. In his feature films, he paints a portrait of an essential “human” with whom people can universally sympathize; these are not just stories of Polish people, but of Europe. In this study, the director’s film world is analyzed focusing on three of Kieślowski’s documentary films: Hospital (Szpital), Seven Women of Different Ages (Siedem kobiet w różnym wieku), and Central Station (Dworzec). In particular, by examining the techniques of Kieślowski’s three later documentary films, this study investigates the trajectory of his film world just prior to his shift into feature film. Hospital follows orthopedic surgeons for thirty-two hours through their point-of-view, revealing how they retained their humanity even in the harshest conditions. In Seven Women of Different Ages, the lives of seven ballerinas of different ages are sequentially shown during the course of one week. In Central Station, a surveillance camera, the story of the man behind it, and the ordinary people he watches are captured with the director’s unique, sharp perspective. This study also looks into why Kieślowski felt the need to shift from the documentary genre to feature films, concluding that the director’s will to portray what it means to be “human” could be more freely represented in feature films over documentaries.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131602916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.45
Sungeun Choi
The novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead (published in 2009) by Olga Tokarczuk, winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature, represents a totally different type of work for the author. It is a crime thriller which reveals both the perpetrator of the crime and the motive toward the end of the story. A deeply satisfying thriller cum fairy tale, Drive Your Plow over the Bones of the Dead is a provocative exploration of the murky borderland between sanity and madness, justice and tradition, autonomy and fate. This study analyzes the theme of the novel and its ultimate message from the perspectives of ecocentrism and ecofeminism. Defined as a ‘moral thriller’ by the author herself, this novel presents a new paradigm in the relationship between humans and humans, as well as between humans and nature, in a contemporary society where humans destroy nature and the strong oppress the weak. Through the dramatic ending, which reveals the main character, Janina Duszejko to be a serial killer, Tokarczuk emphasizes that humans and nature are equal, and awakens people to the many kinds of violence, exploitation and cruelty which humans inflict on animals, and which she believes should be considered serious crimes. The reason that Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead has received such a positive response from readers and literary circles, despite its antinomic, controversial ending, is because it tells a story about a neglected being who empathizes with helpless, weak beings confronted with a violent reality, and offers them a helping hand.
{"title":"A Study on Ecocentrism in Olga Tokarczuk’s Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead","authors":"Sungeun Choi","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.2.45","url":null,"abstract":"The novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead (published in 2009) by Olga Tokarczuk, winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature, represents a totally different type of work for the author. It is a crime thriller which reveals both the perpetrator of the crime and the motive toward the end of the story. A deeply satisfying thriller cum fairy tale, Drive Your Plow over the Bones of the Dead is a provocative exploration of the murky borderland between sanity and madness, justice and tradition, autonomy and fate. \u0000This study analyzes the theme of the novel and its ultimate message from the perspectives of ecocentrism and ecofeminism. Defined as a ‘moral thriller’ by the author herself, this novel presents a new paradigm in the relationship between humans and humans, as well as between humans and nature, in a contemporary society where humans destroy nature and the strong oppress the weak. Through the dramatic ending, which reveals the main character, Janina Duszejko to be a serial killer, Tokarczuk emphasizes that humans and nature are equal, and awakens people to the many kinds of violence, exploitation and cruelty which humans inflict on animals, and which she believes should be considered serious crimes. \u0000The reason that Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead has received such a positive response from readers and literary circles, despite its antinomic, controversial ending, is because it tells a story about a neglected being who empathizes with helpless, weak beings confronted with a violent reality, and offers them a helping hand.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116800570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.1.139
Oh-Suk Yang, Sung-woo Hwang
{"title":"The Profit Model for Russian Commercial Banks: Comparison of Country-Specific and Firm-Specific Factors’ Structural Influence","authors":"Oh-Suk Yang, Sung-woo Hwang","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.1.139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.1.139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116863323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-28DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.1.167
Jong-Sue Lee, Sonphil Lee
{"title":"Strengthening Regional Value Chains in the EU: Impact on Korea’s Exports to the EU","authors":"Jong-Sue Lee, Sonphil Lee","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.1.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.1.167","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130556965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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