Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.4.27
Jeong Hwan Kim
Dracula, created in 1897 by Bram Stoker, is a fictional character born based on the legendary figure of Valahia(Walachia) in the 15th century, Vlad Ţepeş, the lord of medieval Romania, and the vampire myth that prevailed throughout Europe in the 19th century. Vlad Ţepeş, a historical real person and cultural archetype, goes through the first transformation process of a novel in the realm of literature, and then spreads around the world through three-dimensional complex arts such as plays and films. And in modern time, thanks to the supply and spread of the internet, it has been expanded and reproduced in accordance with popularization codes of culture such as animation, webtoon, game, and storytelling variants of virtual media. The historical prototype ‘Vlad Ţepeş’ and the cultural content prototype ‘Dracula’ have a completely different concept of otherness(the other) through the fictitious process of novels and films. If Ţepeş is located in the same historical identity defined by awareness, consciousness, and consistency, the otherness of Ţepeş, that is, Dracula, is an existence that is not captured by this consistency, implying the otherness as a supernatural spirituality(eternal life) like a vampire born in the Victorian era. Traditional genres such as novels, movies, and musicals, as well as cartoons and animations based on digital content, games and virtual media also utilize Dracula and its progenitor, Vlad Ţepeş, as the storytelling source of OSMU(One Source Multi Use). Dracula, a fictional entity, has become a legend and a modern myth in the world beyond the borders of Romania, regardless of the intentions of his prototype, Vlad Ţepeş, and is constantly being transformed and created in response to the demands of time and space and the development of internet and virtual media technology.
1897年由布拉姆·斯托克创作的德古拉是一个虚构的人物，他的原型是15世纪的传奇人物瓦拉希亚(瓦拉几亚)，中世纪罗马尼亚的领主弗拉德Ţepeş，以及19世纪在欧洲盛行的吸血鬼神话。弗拉德Ţepeş作为一个历史真人和文化原型，经历了小说在文学领域的第一次转化过程，然后通过戏剧和电影等三维复杂艺术传播到世界各地。而在现代，由于互联网的供给和传播，它按照虚拟媒体的动画、网络漫画、游戏、讲故事变体等文化的普及规范进行了扩展和复制。历史原型“弗拉德Ţepeş”和文化内容原型“德古拉”通过小说和电影的虚构过程，对他者(他者)有着完全不同的概念。如果Ţepeş处于由意识、意识和一致性所定义的同一历史身份中，那么Ţepeş的他性，即德古拉，是一种不被这种一致性所捕获的存在，暗示着他性是一种超自然的灵性(永生)，就像维多利亚时代出生的吸血鬼一样。小说、电影和音乐剧等传统类型，以及基于数字内容、游戏和虚拟媒体的漫画和动画，也利用德古拉及其祖先Vlad Ţepeş作为OSMU(One source Multi Use)的故事来源。德古拉这个虚构的实体，在罗马尼亚国界之外的世界里，不管他的原型Vlad Ţepeş的意图如何，都成为了一个传奇和一个现代神话，并随着时间和空间的要求以及互联网和虚拟媒体技术的发展，不断地被改造和创造。
{"title":"From Historical Archetype to Storytelling Variant, A Study on Developing Contents of Vlad Ţepeş","authors":"Jeong Hwan Kim","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.4.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.4.27","url":null,"abstract":"Dracula, created in 1897 by Bram Stoker, is a fictional character born based on the legendary figure of Valahia(Walachia) in the 15th century, Vlad Ţepeş, the lord of medieval Romania, and the vampire myth that prevailed throughout Europe in the 19th century. Vlad Ţepeş, a historical real person and cultural archetype, goes through the first transformation process of a novel in the realm of literature, and then spreads around the world through three-dimensional complex arts such as plays and films. And in modern time, thanks to the supply and spread of the internet, it has been expanded and reproduced in accordance with popularization codes of culture such as animation, webtoon, game, and storytelling variants of virtual media. The historical prototype ‘Vlad Ţepeş’ and the cultural content prototype ‘Dracula’ have a completely different concept of otherness(the other) through the fictitious process of novels and films. If Ţepeş is located in the same historical identity defined by awareness, consciousness, and consistency, the otherness of Ţepeş, that is, Dracula, is an existence that is not captured by this consistency, implying the otherness as a supernatural spirituality(eternal life) like a vampire born in the Victorian era. Traditional genres such as novels, movies, and musicals, as well as cartoons and animations based on digital content, games and virtual media also utilize Dracula and its progenitor, Vlad Ţepeş, as the storytelling source of OSMU(One Source Multi Use). Dracula, a fictional entity, has become a legend and a modern myth in the world beyond the borders of Romania, regardless of the intentions of his prototype, Vlad Ţepeş, and is constantly being transformed and created in response to the demands of time and space and the development of internet and virtual media technology.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129275713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.4.147
Ik Joong Youn, Maxim Nazarov
The paper investigates mainly the financial aspects of the Arctic energy projects, as well as the strategic analysis of Russo-Chinese interest in the region. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to review the increasing interdependence of the relevant policies of the two countries and the growing Chinese involvement in Russian LNG megaprojects. China-Russia economic and political relationships have many facets, and collaboration in the LNG area is a vivid example of how cooperation between the two nations is built. While Beijing was interested in supplies from the northern neighbor for decades, the economic relationship strengthened when China included Russian LNG projects in the BRI. The project finance framework was chosen to analyze the ongoing Sino-Russian efforts to deliver Yamal LNG and Arctic LNG 2 integrated plants. According to the framework, four areas, namely equity, debt, contracts, and offtakes, are shaped by the efforts of China and Russia. While cooperation in some areas is seamless and mutually beneficial, the results in other ones are less straightforward.
{"title":"북극해 지역에서 러시아-중국 간 에너지 협력과 상이점: 야말 LNG부터 북극 LNG 2","authors":"Ik Joong Youn, Maxim Nazarov","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.4.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.4.147","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates mainly the financial aspects of the Arctic energy projects, as well as the strategic analysis of Russo-Chinese interest in the region. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to review the increasing interdependence of the relevant policies of the two countries and the growing Chinese involvement in Russian LNG megaprojects. China-Russia economic and political relationships have many facets, and collaboration in the LNG area is a vivid example of how cooperation between the two nations is built. While Beijing was interested in supplies from the northern neighbor for decades, the economic relationship strengthened when China included Russian LNG projects in the BRI. The project finance framework was chosen to analyze the ongoing Sino-Russian efforts to deliver Yamal LNG and Arctic LNG 2 integrated plants. According to the framework, four areas, namely equity, debt, contracts, and offtakes, are shaped by the efforts of China and Russia. While cooperation in some areas is seamless and mutually beneficial, the results in other ones are less straightforward.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121960993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.4.3
Yong Hwan Kim
The purpose of this article is to investigate the background that many women became empresses in Russia in the 18th century. The most important motive of empresses’ appearances after Peter I’s death might be ‘the decree on the succession of the throne’ announced in 1722. The essences of this decree were to discard the custom of power succession according to the existing rank of immediate male family and to prescribe that monarch could appoint the successor regardless of the rank or gender upon his own determination. However, Peter I died without execution of the emperor’s right that this law defined. This resulted in rampant power struggle within the ruling class on the throne succession and women could be empresses supported by some aristocrats and the royal guard. Meanwhile, ‘court revolts’ were occurred. Finally, ‘the decree on the succession of the throne’ opened the potential that emperor’s aides could intervene the process of successor investiture so as for four empresses to be appeared in Russia after the death of Peter I, and favorites’ monopoly of state affairs was continued with violent change of regimes.
{"title":"A Study on the Background of Russian Empresses in the 18th Century","authors":"Yong Hwan Kim","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to investigate the background that many women became empresses in Russia in the 18th century. The most important motive of empresses’ appearances after Peter I’s death might be ‘the decree on the succession of the throne’ announced in 1722. The essences of this decree were to discard the custom of power succession according to the existing rank of immediate male family and to prescribe that monarch could appoint the successor regardless of the rank or gender upon his own determination. However, Peter I died without execution of the emperor’s right that this law defined. This resulted in rampant power struggle within the ruling class on the throne succession and women could be empresses supported by some aristocrats and the royal guard. Meanwhile, ‘court revolts’ were occurred. Finally, ‘the decree on the succession of the throne’ opened the potential that emperor’s aides could intervene the process of successor investiture so as for four empresses to be appeared in Russia after the death of Peter I, and favorites’ monopoly of state affairs was continued with violent change of regimes.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123519304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.63
Joonil Moon
This thesis is an attempt to interpret Evgeny Zamyatin’s We, which was evaluated only as utopian literature and dystopian literature, with a new reading method. In terms of genre, this work is a text of a very complex and interesting phenomenon. In We, genre experimentation is done to the extreme. Wearing a utopia envelope, if you look closely, the genre elements of love novels, adventure novels, and psychological novels are organically intertwined with each other, and they have a structure that ultimately leads to a philosophical novel. Therefore, the expansion and deepening of the genre structure interpretation provides decisive moments in the interpretation of We. The reason is that this text is not simply a combination of several genre elements, but has an organic complex genre structure that allows in-depth interpretation of this text only by applying the framework of various genre structures. The important point in this context is that the interrelationships between genres do not proceed in parallel within this text, but rather organically as one genre flows out of another. The most basic genre structure in We as such a complex genre is the metafiction genre. We is a novel about writing novels, and the characteristic of this genre determines the basic narrative structure of this work. However, in the process of creating an epic poem, an unexpected transformation of the protagonist, that is, from a mathematician to a poet, occurs. This transformation process causes the main character’s ontological confusion and is accompanied by psychological agitation and pain. And the psychological confusion of the protagonist is now the main driving force for the novel. The literary expression of the confusion appears in the theme of the alter ego. And in the theme, various light motifs to represent the confusion of the main character constitute the semantic structure. This thesis aims to identify the in-depth semantic structure of this work by classifying the complex psychological novel devices in We.
{"title":"Evgeny Zamyatin’s We as Psychological Novel: Change of Protagonist and the Theme of Double","authors":"Joonil Moon","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.63","url":null,"abstract":"This thesis is an attempt to interpret Evgeny Zamyatin’s We, which was evaluated only as utopian literature and dystopian literature, with a new reading method. In terms of genre, this work is a text of a very complex and interesting phenomenon. In We, genre experimentation is done to the extreme. Wearing a utopia envelope, if you look closely, the genre elements of love novels, adventure novels, and psychological novels are organically intertwined with each other, and they have a structure that ultimately leads to a philosophical novel. Therefore, the expansion and deepening of the genre structure interpretation provides decisive moments in the interpretation of We. The reason is that this text is not simply a combination of several genre elements, but has an organic complex genre structure that allows in-depth interpretation of this text only by applying the framework of various genre structures. The important point in this context is that the interrelationships between genres do not proceed in parallel within this text, but rather organically as one genre flows out of another. \u0000The most basic genre structure in We as such a complex genre is the metafiction genre. We is a novel about writing novels, and the characteristic of this genre determines the basic narrative structure of this work. However, in the process of creating an epic poem, an unexpected transformation of the protagonist, that is, from a mathematician to a poet, occurs. This transformation process causes the main character’s ontological confusion and is accompanied by psychological agitation and pain. And the psychological confusion of the protagonist is now the main driving force for the novel. The literary expression of the confusion appears in the theme of the alter ego. And in the theme, various light motifs to represent the confusion of the main character constitute the semantic structure. This thesis aims to identify the in-depth semantic structure of this work by classifying the complex psychological novel devices in We.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"23 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123807895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.3
H. Kwon
The transition to Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the ‘Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia’ were the most significant events in Slovenian history. This change allowed Slovenia to gain its first independent state since settling in the Balkans in the 7th century. The history of Slovenia was, in short, the history of the incorporation. In previous history, Slovenia has always maintained their ethnicity and language under the umbrella of a powerful nation. In 1991, for the first time in history, Slovenia established an independent ‘nation-state’. The first priority of Slovenia was the establishment of a national identity, a national identity. The Slovenian language is a symbol of the Slovenian nation and national identity. In previous history, Slovenia did not complete this task, and the bigger problem was the Slovenian public's perception of the Slovenian language. Due to the continued cultural dominance of foreign powers, the Slovenians themselves turned a blind eye to the pure Slovenian language. Slovenian language was always a low variety in the ‘Diglossia Phenomenon’. The Slovenian accepted the ‘Windisch Theory’ and ‘Diglossia’ without resistance. The regime change and the establishment of the earliest national state were important turning points for improving the status of Slovenian both internally and externally. Slovenia tried to solve this through a state-led language policy. In the early days of the regime change, Slovenian language policy attempted to force the use of pure Slovenian language in all public sphere. However, Slovenes lived in previous history as Europeans rather than Balkans, Slavs. The general public in Slovenia tended to perceive the purist language policy as a product of backward Balkan nationalism. Contrary to the government's intention, the general public hoped for a Slovenian language policy that could be linked to globalization and Europeanization. The expansion of English, which can be called the language of globalization, is becoming increasingly concerned about another ‘Diglossia phenomenon’ despite the Slovenian government's regulations. After the regime change, Slovenian language policy changed according to the tendency of the regime and failed to present a consistent direction. To this day, the completion of pure Slovenian language, the sacred symbol of the Slovenian people, remains an unresolved national task.
{"title":"Aspects of Slovenia’s Language Policy after the Transition from the Perspective of the ‘Diglossia’ and ‘Windisch Theory’","authors":"H. Kwon","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"The transition to Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the ‘Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia’ were the most significant events in Slovenian history. This change allowed Slovenia to gain its first independent state since settling in the Balkans in the 7th century. The history of Slovenia was, in short, the history of the incorporation. In previous history, Slovenia has always maintained their ethnicity and language under the umbrella of a powerful nation. In 1991, for the first time in history, Slovenia established an independent ‘nation-state’. The first priority of Slovenia was the establishment of a national identity, a national identity. The Slovenian language is a symbol of the Slovenian nation and national identity. In previous history, Slovenia did not complete this task, and the bigger problem was the Slovenian public's perception of the Slovenian language. Due to the continued cultural dominance of foreign powers, the Slovenians themselves turned a blind eye to the pure Slovenian language. Slovenian language was always a low variety in the ‘Diglossia Phenomenon’. The Slovenian accepted the ‘Windisch Theory’ and ‘Diglossia’ without resistance. The regime change and the establishment of the earliest national state were important turning points for improving the status of Slovenian both internally and externally. Slovenia tried to solve this through a state-led language policy. In the early days of the regime change, Slovenian language policy attempted to force the use of pure Slovenian language in all public sphere. However, Slovenes lived in previous history as Europeans rather than Balkans, Slavs. The general public in Slovenia tended to perceive the purist language policy as a product of backward Balkan nationalism. Contrary to the government's intention, the general public hoped for a Slovenian language policy that could be linked to globalization and Europeanization. The expansion of English, which can be called the language of globalization, is becoming increasingly concerned about another ‘Diglossia phenomenon’ despite the Slovenian government's regulations. After the regime change, Slovenian language policy changed according to the tendency of the regime and failed to present a consistent direction. To this day, the completion of pure Slovenian language, the sacred symbol of the Slovenian people, remains an unresolved national task.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128635335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.155
D. Kwak
To understand a phenomenon and to overcome it effectively, we need a lens that can see the phenomenon clearly. The meaning and type of the phenomenon look different depending on which lens we look through, and furthermore, the countermeasures and solution method for it are also different. The same goes for international relations. Alliance diplomacy, one of the various approaches to understanding the behavior of international relations, can be said to be a basic diplomatic means to maintain the balance of power between countries. The key to alliance diplomacy is the balance of power. The true purpose of alliance diplomacy is to secure a balanced power against the hostile country by forming an alliance with other countries when national security cannot be achieved on its own. The military value of Romania is increasing at the European level by the United States trying to strengthen NATO’s current strategic role. Romania is a very important region for the national interest of the United States. It is true that Romania, which is very close to Russia, a hostile hegemon, is also faithfully responding to changes in the security environment through an alliance with the United States. However, the range of mutual understanding between the United States and European countries across the Atlantic Ocean is getting narrower. Between the two powers, Europe, which provides software values such as economy and culture, and the United States, which provides hardware means such as political and military power, the scope of Romania’s movement may be narrowed. Romania is receiving economic support from the EU, a large European economic community, and security guarantees from NATO, led by the United States. Therefore, in the face of the dilemma of cooperation and discord between the two powers, Romania will have to properly adapt to the international system that is transitioning to a multipolar system by maximizing its strategic flexibility.
{"title":"Romania’s National Security through Alliance Diplomacy","authors":"D. Kwak","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.155","url":null,"abstract":"To understand a phenomenon and to overcome it effectively, we need a lens that can see the phenomenon clearly. The meaning and type of the phenomenon look different depending on which lens we look through, and furthermore, the countermeasures and solution method for it are also different. The same goes for international relations. Alliance diplomacy, one of the various approaches to understanding the behavior of international relations, can be said to be a basic diplomatic means to maintain the balance of power between countries. The key to alliance diplomacy is the balance of power. The true purpose of alliance diplomacy is to secure a balanced power against the hostile country by forming an alliance with other countries when national security cannot be achieved on its own. \u0000The military value of Romania is increasing at the European level by the United States trying to strengthen NATO’s current strategic role. Romania is a very important region for the national interest of the United States. It is true that Romania, which is very close to Russia, a hostile hegemon, is also faithfully responding to changes in the security environment through an alliance with the United States. \u0000However, the range of mutual understanding between the United States and European countries across the Atlantic Ocean is getting narrower. Between the two powers, Europe, which provides software values such as economy and culture, and the United States, which provides hardware means such as political and military power, the scope of Romania’s movement may be narrowed. Romania is receiving economic support from the EU, a large European economic community, and security guarantees from NATO, led by the United States. Therefore, in the face of the dilemma of cooperation and discord between the two powers, Romania will have to properly adapt to the international system that is transitioning to a multipolar system by maximizing its strategic flexibility.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126298578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.179
J. Park
The Russia-Ukraine conflict over territory is rekindled by the Russia’s military invasion into Ukraine in February 2022. Russia takes it as the pretext of this invasion to protect the Russian-speaking population in Ukraine which accounts for about one-third of the Ukraine population. Russia has insisted that Ukraine does not have a separate and independent national identity distinct from Russia. Russia further insists that Ukraine was historic allyl a part of Russia and should be incorporated into the Russian civilization world. Radical Russian nationalists believe that it is their duty to reclaim the Eastern Ukraine which rightfully belongs to Russia but is mistakenly given to Ukraine. Ukrainian politicians and scholars deny any of these claims made by Russian nationalists. This debate between Russia and Ukraine over Ukraine’s identity largely depends on the definition of national identity. national identity can be defined as ethnical or civic one. Ethnically, Ukraine has a national identity close to Russia’s. However, in terms of civic identity, Ukraine has a distinct identity from Russia’s. Ukrainian scholars emphasize that most residents in Ukraine have Ukraine civic identity and have fortified it in the wake of the Crimean Peninsula annexation and the Donbass war in 2014. On the other hand, Russian nationalists deny this argument. To answer the questions, this article conducts a nationally representative telephone survey in Ukraine in February, 2022. The survey shows that about 70% of the respondents identify themselves as entirely Ukrainian citizen. Even in the East Ukraine, over 50% of the respondents do so. Thus, the Russian nationalists claim that the Russian-speaking people in the East feel Russian national identity is not empirically supported by our survey. However, the Ukrainization of Russian-speaking people in the East has not occurred as widely as some scholars assert although there is clear evidence for the phenomenon.
{"title":"National Identity in the Eastern and Southern Ukraine in 2022: a National Survey Analysis","authors":"J. Park","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.179","url":null,"abstract":"The Russia-Ukraine conflict over territory is rekindled by the Russia’s military invasion into Ukraine in February 2022. Russia takes it as the pretext of this invasion to protect the Russian-speaking population in Ukraine which accounts for about one-third of the Ukraine population. Russia has insisted that Ukraine does not have a separate and independent national identity distinct from Russia. Russia further insists that Ukraine was historic allyl a part of Russia and should be incorporated into the Russian civilization world. Radical Russian nationalists believe that it is their duty to reclaim the Eastern Ukraine which rightfully belongs to Russia but is mistakenly given to Ukraine. Ukrainian politicians and scholars deny any of these claims made by Russian nationalists. \u0000This debate between Russia and Ukraine over Ukraine’s identity largely depends on the definition of national identity. national identity can be defined as ethnical or civic one. Ethnically, Ukraine has a national identity close to Russia’s. However, in terms of civic identity, Ukraine has a distinct identity from Russia’s. Ukrainian scholars emphasize that most residents in Ukraine have Ukraine civic identity and have fortified it in the wake of the Crimean Peninsula annexation and the Donbass war in 2014. On the other hand, Russian nationalists deny this argument. \u0000To answer the questions, this article conducts a nationally representative telephone survey in Ukraine in February, 2022. The survey shows that about 70% of the respondents identify themselves as entirely Ukrainian citizen. Even in the East Ukraine, over 50% of the respondents do so. Thus, the Russian nationalists claim that the Russian-speaking people in the East feel Russian national identity is not empirically supported by our survey. However, the Ukrainization of Russian-speaking people in the East has not occurred as widely as some scholars assert although there is clear evidence for the phenomenon.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129666280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.133
Iryna Zbyr
The article highlights the topic of totalitarianism in Ukrainian literature, in particular, shows the traumatic memory and exposure of the past, which is interpreted differently by writers of different generations. Particular attention is paid to the causes of totalitarianism in Europe after the World War I and its impact on modern post-totalitarian cultures. Such cultures include primarily Ukrainian. Numerous social protests, revolutions, the war in Donbass are not so much the consequences of geopolitical conflicts as permanent attempts to return to the Ukrainian identity, to express national traumas, to identify cultural and human losses, which did not happen immediately after the collapse of the USSR. The problem of totalitarianism is also key in determining the specifics of its modern literary interpretation, because most works of art, which to varying degrees appeal to the reconstruction of the past, for the first time clearly verbalize those relevant topics that are still inconvenient and provoke misunderstandings among Ukrainians themselves. Today Ukrainian literature demonstrates a double stance against the totalitarian past. First, we read in it a steady protest against the socialist-realist heritage, embodied in the long search for inherent forms of artistic self-expression; secondly, modern Ukrainian literature resorted to a total revision of the consequences of cultural stagnation provoked by the experience of many years of totalitarian terror. The article reveals the connections between this regime and the art of speech, in particular the birth of the pseudo-artistic literary trend of the time - social realism. The author analyzes the peculiarities of the use of literature as a tool of propaganda. In addition, one of the main problems of modern research is the modern ways of artistic rethinking and the process of elaboration of totalitarian experience. In particular, it is about the cultural trauma of oppressed peoples in the Soviet period, which is related to human rights and freedoms, concentration camps, desecration of the myth of victory in World War II, denial of God, etc., which affects the behavior of modern societies and often provokes unpredictable in European politics.
{"title":"Totalitarianism and Ukrainian Literature: Traumatic Memory and Revelation of the Past","authors":"Iryna Zbyr","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.133","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the topic of totalitarianism in Ukrainian literature, in particular, shows the traumatic memory and exposure of the past, which is interpreted differently by writers of different generations. Particular attention is paid to the causes of totalitarianism in Europe after the World War I and its impact on modern post-totalitarian cultures. Such cultures include primarily Ukrainian. Numerous social protests, revolutions, the war in Donbass are not so much the consequences of geopolitical conflicts as permanent attempts to return to the Ukrainian identity, to express national traumas, to identify cultural and human losses, which did not happen immediately after the collapse of the USSR. The problem of totalitarianism is also key in determining the specifics of its modern literary interpretation, because most works of art, which to varying degrees appeal to the reconstruction of the past, for the first time clearly verbalize those relevant topics that are still inconvenient and provoke misunderstandings among Ukrainians themselves. \u0000Today Ukrainian literature demonstrates a double stance against the totalitarian past. First, we read in it a steady protest against the socialist-realist heritage, embodied in the long search for inherent forms of artistic self-expression; secondly, modern Ukrainian literature resorted to a total revision of the consequences of cultural stagnation provoked by the experience of many years of totalitarian terror. \u0000The article reveals the connections between this regime and the art of speech, in particular the birth of the pseudo-artistic literary trend of the time - social realism. The author analyzes the peculiarities of the use of literature as a tool of propaganda. In addition, one of the main problems of modern research is the modern ways of artistic rethinking and the process of elaboration of totalitarian experience. In particular, it is about the cultural trauma of oppressed peoples in the Soviet period, which is related to human rights and freedoms, concentration camps, desecration of the myth of victory in World War II, denial of God, etc., which affects the behavior of modern societies and often provokes unpredictable in European politics.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132268942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.91
Seong-Suk Han
For Mircea Eliade, Romanian historian of religion fiction writer philosopher of the 20th century Coincidentia oppositorum is coexistence of opposite parts without contradiction and it is the desire to recover the unification by understanding complimentary elements of opposite parts. What Eliade is pursuing is that we need to open a new perspective in this era with a total insight rather then practicality for humans. It is generally believed that existence and non-existence, reality and fantasy, day and night, history and mythology sacred and profane have opposite properties. However Eliade says that these opposing concepts meet each other totally and become the key to a New Humanism. Eliade depicted our existential desire for the mysteries of totality that is revealed in various dimensions in the narrative of his fantasy novel the Snake. According to Eliade human being determines his existence of opposite things by experience in his life. But the disguised appearance of discrepancy of good and evil makes man transcend beyond opposition and the harmony of anima and animus symbolize the sacred marriage. At the point of cosmos marriage between heaven and earth is an act of creation and creation of life. Sacred marriage are connection of man and woman, melting of opposite things, interaction oneness and connection between man and God. In this novel main character Andronic and Dorina live in paradise of freedom and richness like Adam and Eve in the Bible. Coincidentia oppositorum makes it possible to recognize the makeup of the constant holiness in the ever changing world. And Eliade's interpretation about Coincidentia oppositorum are realization of comprehensive understanding about human beings unbiased regardless of ages and creating New Humanism which values human life instead of isolating it.
{"title":"Narrative of Eliade Novel Snake and Study of Coincidentia Oppositorum","authors":"Seong-Suk Han","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.91","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.91","url":null,"abstract":"For Mircea Eliade, Romanian historian of religion fiction writer philosopher of the 20th century Coincidentia oppositorum is coexistence of opposite parts without contradiction and it is the desire to recover the unification by understanding complimentary elements of opposite parts. What Eliade is pursuing is that we need to open a new perspective in this era with a total insight rather then practicality for humans. It is generally believed that existence and non-existence, reality and fantasy, day and night, history and mythology sacred and profane have opposite properties. However Eliade says that these opposing concepts meet each other totally and become the key to a New Humanism. \u0000Eliade depicted our existential desire for the mysteries of totality that is revealed in various dimensions in the narrative of his fantasy novel the Snake. According to Eliade human being determines his existence of opposite things by experience in his life. But the disguised appearance of discrepancy of good and evil makes man transcend beyond opposition and the harmony of anima and animus symbolize the sacred marriage. At the point of cosmos marriage between heaven and earth is an act of creation and creation of life. Sacred marriage are connection of man and woman, melting of opposite things, interaction oneness and connection between man and God. \u0000In this novel main character Andronic and Dorina live in paradise of freedom and richness like Adam and Eve in the Bible. Coincidentia oppositorum makes it possible to recognize the makeup of the constant holiness in the ever changing world. And Eliade's interpretation about Coincidentia oppositorum are realization of comprehensive understanding about human beings unbiased regardless of ages and creating New Humanism which values human life instead of isolating it.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114139332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.35
Inchon Kim
Czech shows many significant sociolinguistic phenomena in the field of language contact between German, Slovak and Polish respectively, which are geographically neighboring languages. The motives, conditions and cause and effect for the contact between each language can be various and have different linguistic meanings. Historically, Czech has exhibited sociolinguistic aspects such as language conflict and linguistic purism regarding German in contact and bilingual questions with Slovak. In respect with Polish in contact, however Czech had been played an important role in the development of Polish literary language, especially in the 16th century. The history of close contact between two languages started from the Christianization of Poland through the Czech-Polish alliance and the specific historico-geographic factors of High Silesia. Moreover the linguistic similarity of the two languages as the West Slavonic had been catalyzed Czech-Polish language contact. In this context, this paper discusses the various sociolinguistic factors which serve to reception of Czech language in Poland and examines the examples of lexical borrowings and some linguistic changes influenced by Czech.
{"title":"A Diachronic Study of Czech-Polish Language Contact: Focused on the Reception of Czech Language in Poland","authors":"Inchon Kim","doi":"10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2022.46.3.35","url":null,"abstract":"Czech shows many significant sociolinguistic phenomena in the field of language contact between German, Slovak and Polish respectively, which are geographically neighboring languages. The motives, conditions and cause and effect for the contact between each language can be various and have different linguistic meanings. Historically, Czech has exhibited sociolinguistic aspects such as language conflict and linguistic purism regarding German in contact and bilingual questions with Slovak. In respect with Polish in contact, however Czech had been played an important role in the development of Polish literary language, especially in the 16th century. \u0000The history of close contact between two languages started from the Christianization of Poland through the Czech-Polish alliance and the specific historico-geographic factors of High Silesia. Moreover the linguistic similarity of the two languages as the West Slavonic had been catalyzed Czech-Polish language contact. In this context, this paper discusses the various sociolinguistic factors which serve to reception of Czech language in Poland and examines the examples of lexical borrowings and some linguistic changes influenced by Czech.","PeriodicalId":142621,"journal":{"name":"East European and Balkan Institute","volume":"29 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127562637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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