Dietary and oral hygiene habits among integrated migrant cultural minorities can vary and could impact susceptibility to caries.
This study aimed to assess and compare the oral health status of Tibetan schoolchildren living in the Tibetan settlement of Bylakuppe, India, stratified by type of residence.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Tibetan schoolchildren attending nine schools in the Bylakuppe region.
The study population consisted of 916 children aged 5–17: 702 (76.6%) living in secular houses (LSH) and 214 (23.4%) living in monasteries (LM). The prevalence of dental caries was 70.9%, and the mean value of decayed, missing, filled teeth for mixed and primary dentition (DMFT*; dmft) of LSH children (1.56 ± 2.34/1.74 ± 2.66) was higher than of LM ones (1.14 ± 2.34/0.83 ± 2.80; p < .001). DMFT for LM children (1.46 ± 2.04) was slightly higher than for LSH children (1.38 ± 1.96; p > .05). Among the sample, 99.1% had a good simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI) and LM children showed higher rates of good values (99.5% vs. 98.2% in LSH children). Most children needed preventive/routine dental treatment, whereas 16.6% needed urgent dental treatment. In 4.5% of children, oral mucosal lesions were present.
This study confirms the high need for dental treatment in the children of the Tibetan settlement investigated.
Children with disabilities generally face poorer oral health outcomes compared with their non-disabled peers due to a range of factors including inadequate oral hygiene, infrequent dental visits and systemic barriers in accessing care.
This ethnographic study explored the perspectives of caregivers and professionals to identify the ways that children with disabilities are included in oral health.
A purposive sample of 10 caregivers, all mothers with disabled children aged 9–15 years, five healthcare providers and five educators in Saudi Arabia, participated. Data collection used participant observation and semi-structured in-depth interviews. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.
The findings suggest that mothers lacked a supportive environment to develop their skills and knowledge about oral health care, preventing them from including their children in oral health. Inaccessible services added to the exclusion of both mothers and children. Some dental professionals exhibited poor communication skills and discriminatory attitudes towards the children and problematising mothers. Educators tended to discuss disabled children in terms of inability, displaying a deficit approach to impairment.
The evidence suggests the exclusion of mothers from oral health. This has an impact on how they enable their children. Recommendations include adopting a social model of disability in dental education and policies in Saudi Arabia to address inequalities. Provision of support, education and focusing on societal barriers moves towards inclusion rather than conceptualising disability as an individual problem.
Because of controversial results from clinical studies comparing different dental local anesthesia methods in children, the primary objective of this randomized, split-mouth, crossover, controlled trial was to compare pain intensity during local anaesthesia (LA) performed with a computer-controlled LA delivery system (C-CLADS) versus a conventional syringe (CONV). Secondary objectives included comparisons during dental treatment.
Participants (4–8 years) with tooth pair requiring similar treatment were recruited from five French hospitals. The right primary molar, which was treated at the first visit, was randomly allocated to one of the anaesthesia groups (either intraosseous with C-CLADS or infiltration with CONV), whereas the contralateral molar (treated at the second visit) was assigned to the other group. Pain intensity and behaviour outcomes, assessed with the Faces Pain and Venham revised scales, respectively, were compared between groups using Proc mixed. Stratified analyses were performed on dentition and location.
Among 107 participants, the analysis revealed reduced pain perception during LA in the C-CLADS group compared with the CONV group (−0.72, 95% CI: −1.43, −0.006), but not during dental treatment. Stratified analyses showed that this effect was observed only in primary dentition (p = .006) and mandibular molars (p = .005). Behavioural issues were fewer in the C-CLADS group than in the CONV group (p = .05) only during injection.
C-CLADS emerged as the preferable system in primary dentition.
Sweet taste administration before dental injections helps to control associated pain in children.
To evaluate the efficacy of using a sugar-free flavor on pain perception during dental injections.
Children (n = 84) aged 4–9 (mean 6.71 ± 1.55) years who required buccal infiltration bilaterally participated in this split-mouth randomized crossover study. On the test side (flavor visit), infiltration injections were applied after receiving a sugar-free flavor. On the control side (no flavor visit), sterile water was administered. Demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), and sweet taste preference (STP) were recorded. Pain perception during injection was measured using heart rate (HR), sound, eyes, and motor (SEM) scale, and Wong–Baker Faces pain scale (WBFPS).
Most children had healthy weight (72.6%) and equal STP (32.1%). In the test side, mean HR during injection, HR differences before and during injection, and SEM scores were significantly lower (p < .001, for all). There was no significant difference in the WBFPS between both visits. Flavor had a significant effect on pain reduction (p = .001 for HR, p = .000 for SEM), whereas age, gender, BMI, STP, and treatment side did not. Treatment sequence had a significant effect on total SEM scores (p = .021); children who received the flavor during their first visit had lower SEM scores.
Using a sugar-free flavor before dental injections helps in reducing associated pain in children.
Several clinical and individual factors may play a role in the survival rate of dental restorations, such as characteristics related to the child’s age and oral hygiene, and factors associated with the tooth, such as the type of material and number of surfaces to be restored.
To analyse the survival rate of adhesive restorations on primary teeth and factors associated with restoration survival.
The study included dental records of children aged 3–12 years having received adhesive restorations on primary teeth at a Brazilian dental school between 2009 and 2019. A Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to plot survival rates using the log-rank test. A multivariate Cox regression model was run to identify individual and dental factors associated with restoration failure.
The sample comprised 269 restored teeth in 111 children. Survival curves were similar for all materials (p = .20) and types of isolation (p = .05). The annual failure rate was 3.60% for glass ionomer cement, 1.23% for resin-modified glass ionomer cement and 0.40% for composite resin. The following variables were associated with more failures: Class II restoration compared with Class I (HR = 1.96; 95%CI: 1.28–2.99, p < .001), proportion of decayed teeth (HR = 11.89; 95%CI: 2.80–50.57, p < .001) and child's age (HR = 1.17; 95%CI: 1.06–1.29, p < .001).
The different materials and types of isolation had similar survival rates. Children with more decayed teeth have an increased risk of restoration failure.
Premature loss of primary teeth (PLPT) can be a rare presentation of systemic medical conditions. Premature loss of primary teeth may present a diagnostic dilemma to paediatric dentists.
To identify systemic conditions associated with PLPT and develop a clinical aid.
OVID Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched up to March 2023. Citation searching of review publications occurred. Exclusion occurred for conference abstracts, absence of PLPT and absence of English-language full text.
Seven hundred and ninety-one publications were identified via databases and 476 by citation searching of review articles. Removal of 390 duplicates occurred. Following the exclusion of 466 records on abstract review, 411 publications were sought for retrieval, of which 142 met inclusion criteria. Thirty-one systemic conditions were identified. For 19 conditions, only one publication was identified. The majority of publications, 91% (n = 129), were case reports or series. Most publications, 44% (n = 62), were related to hypophosphatasia, and 25% (n = 35) were related to Papillon–Lefèvre. Diagnostic features were synthesised, and a clinical aid was produced by an iterative consensus approach.
A diverse range of systemic diseases are associated with PLPT. Evidence quality, however, is low, with most diseases having a low number of supporting cases. This clinical aid supports paediatric dentists in differential diagnosis and onward referral.
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