The Ekman-Westborg and Julin (E-WJ) trait is a rare multiple dental morphology anomaly characterized by macrodontia, multituberculate features, dens evaginates, and invaginates without associated systemic anomalies.
We reported a Chinese adolescent diagnosed with the E-WJ trait and reviewed historical cases.
The need for dental treatment among adolescents can be assessed based on their self-perception.
To estimate the prevalence of self-perceived dental treatment need (SPDTN) among adolescent students and associated factors.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Midwest Brazil. The participants were adolescents (N = 3034) aged 13–19 from 14 public schools. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were estimated using binary logistic regression with a hierarchical approach.
SPDTN was reported by 41.4% of the sample. Older adolescents were more likely to have SPDTN than younger ones (OR = 1.14). Those who self-rated their oral health negatively had 3.92 greater odds of having SPDTN than those who rated it positively. [Correction added on 27 September 2025, after first online publication: The sentence “Those who self-rated their oral health negatively had 3.92 times greater odds of having SPDTN than those who rated it positively” was changed in this version.] SPDTN was directly associated with negative perceptions of dental appearance (OR = 2.97), chewing (OR = 1.80) and relationships with others affected by oral health (OR = 1.59). Moreover, SPDTN was associated with adolescents reporting toothache (OR = 1.78) and bleeding gums (OR = 1.41). High consumption of sweets and going to the dentist due to a toothache instead of periodic examinations increased the odds of SPDTN by 1.46 and 2.36, respectively.
The prevalence of SPDTN among adolescents was high and associated with negative perceptions regarding their oral health, unhealthy behaviours and older age.
Children receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) often have odontogenic infections (OIs). Early detection and treatment of patients at risk of OIs can improve oral health and prevent early tooth extractions.
To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and predictive factors of OIs in children receiving dental treatment under GA.
This retrospective study included children (< 16 years) receiving GA dental treatment at New Children's Hospital in Helsinki, Finland. The associations between predictor variables and OI were evaluated through logistic regression analyses. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated.
Of 1089 patients, 352 (32%) had signs of OI. The most common infection findings were fistula (59%) and abscess formation (36%). Primary teeth were involved in 96% of cases. Severe odontogenic infections were rare (3%). The odds of OIs were significantly higher among girls compared to boys (OR = 1.346; 95% CI: 1.043–1.737; p = 0.022). Patients with previous GA dental treatment, neurodevelopmental disorders, chronic diseases, or intellectual disabilities had fewer OIs.
OIs are common in patients undergoing dental treatment under GA, with nearly one-third having findings of infections. However, severe OIs are rare in children. Girls have OIs more often than boys, which should be taken into consideration by dentists.
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is a growing health concern, with dentists playing a key role in early detection.
This cross-sectional study evaluates the FAIREST-6 screening tool for identifying SDB and associated orofacial dysfunctions during mixed dentition and examines its relationship with orthodontic parameters and body mass index (BMI).
The study included 100 children from Marmara University. SDB was assessed using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), while FAIREST-6, the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), and Angle's classification were used for clinical evaluations. BMI was calculated, and statistical analyses were performed with SPSS.
FAIREST-6 scores were significantly associated with SDB (p < 0.001) but not with IOTN (p = 0.053). However, IOTN scores correlated with SDSC (p = 0.033), suggesting a link between malocclusion severity and sleep disturbances. BMI varied significantly across FAIREST-6 scores (p = 0.002), indicating a relationship between obesity and airway issues. No significant differences were found based on gender or age (p > 0.050).
FAIREST-6 shows potential as a screening tool for SDB and related orofacial dysfunctions in children. Further research is needed to validate its clinical use and explore its role in assessing SDB, malocclusion, and BMI.
Having a migrant background has been associated with poorer oral health literacy, and higher rates of caries have been found in migrant children. The evidence for adolescents from a migrant background is mixed, however, and there is a lack of longitudinal studies.
To compare the rating of oral health, oral health behaviors, access to, and utilization of dental services between non Irish-born (migrant) children and Irish-born children over time.
Data was compared at four waves of the Growing up in Ireland National Longitudinal Study of Children (2008–2020) aged nine at Wave 1 (n = 8568). Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors of not receiving treatment at age 17/18 and poor oral health at age 20.
We found no evidence of major differences in oral health, oral health behaviors, access to and utilization of dental services between migrant children and Irish-born children over time. Evidence of persisting socio-economic disparities was found in both receipt of treatment and self-rated oral health in the general population.
Our results highlight the need for universal health coverage for oral health to avoid inequalities in oral health status and access to and use of oral health services.
Odontogenic infections (OIs) can cause premature tooth loss in children and may lead to serious complications requiring hospitalization.
To assess the clinical characteristics, management approaches, and factors influencing the duration of hospitalization in pediatric patients with OIs requiring inpatient care.
This retrospective study analyzed medical records of patients aged 0–12 years admitted to the emergency department (ED) between 2019 and 2021 with extra-oral swelling of odontogenic origin. Collected data included patient demographics, medical history, OI site, treatment received, and length of hospital stay (LOS).
A total of 153 children admitted to the ED, with a mean age of 7.07 ± 2.4 years, were diagnosed with odontogenic-related extra-oral swelling. The median time to definitive treatment after admission was 1 day, and the average LOS was 2.67 ± 1.5 days. Hospitalization exceeding 2 days was significantly associated with delayed definitive treatment initiation (> 24 h postadmission) and elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts at admission. Infections involving permanent teeth, particularly in children over 6 years old, were also linked to longer LOS.
Delayed definitive treatment timing, permanent dentition, and elevated WBC count were significantly associated with the LOS in children with OIs. These findings emphasize the importance of early intervention to minimize LOS.
VR is an emerging technology in healthcare, including dentistry, where it seeks to enhance patient comfort and treatment outcomes, and provide distraction through creating an immersive environment.
To assess VR's impact on anxiety in children (6–12 years) during dental treatments with local anesthesia.
In this clinical trial, we assessed anxiety levels in children (6–12 years) undergoing local anesthetic dental procedures using VR animation. Initially, we utilized the Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Disorders (SCARED) questionnaire for patient selection, in which 44 children were recruited, but eight were excluded, leaving 36 participants who were randomly assigned to either a VR group or a control group with no VR (18 participants each). Anxiety was measured using the MCDAS(f) questionnaire, along with heart rate and oxygen saturation.
The results demonstrated that VR significantly reduced anxiety, as reflected in lower MCDAS(f) scores. Moreover, heart rate reductions were notably greater in the VR group compared to the control group (p < 0.001 for both measures), indicating a clear decrease in anxiety.
VR shows promise for reducing dental anxiety and improving treatment outcomes, though additional research is needed to assess its long-term effects. The incorporation of VR in routine pediatric dental care may improve child cooperation and reduce reliance on pharmacological sedation.
Preoperative anxiety in children undergoing dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA) can have detrimental effects on their well-being during and after the procedure.
To investigate the effectiveness of a preparation video in reducing preoperative anxiety in children.
84 children (4–7 years) with no previous GA experience who required comprehensive dental treatment under GA were randomly divided into two groups. Participants in the study group watched the video the day before the surgery, while the control group received standard care. Anxiety levels were measured using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) and Visual Facial Anxiety Scale (VFAS) at different timepoints. Postoperatively, pain and emergence delirium were measured using Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) and Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scales, respectively.
Mean age was 5.29 years (SD = 1.17). Demographics showed no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). Anxiety levels indicated by m-YPAS, were significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group at all timepoints (p < 0.05). The study group exhibited significantly lower VFAS score means at first and second timepoints. Postoperative measures showed no significant differences between groups. No correlation was found between m-YPAS and FLACC or m-YPAS and PAED. However, a moderate correlation was identified between FLACC and PAED.
The video intervention alleviated preoperative anxiety among children undergoing dental treatment under GA.
Early childhood caries (ECC) has a multifactorial nature.
This study aimed to develop a structural model to identify the association between possible sleep problems, ECC, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 575 children aged 3–5 years. ECC was assessed using the ICDAS-II by calibrated dentists. Possible sleep problems were determined using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. OHRQoL was measured using the ECOHIS. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling through Mplus, version 8.6.
Children with more severe stages of ECC experienced dental pain (β = 0.712; p < 0.001), and the presence of dental pain was associated with more disturbed sleep (β = 0.723; p < 0.001). ECC and dental pain negatively impacted the child's (β = 0.208; p < 0.001; β = 0.750; p < 0.001) and the family's (β = 0.347; p < 0.001; β = 0.612; p < 0.001) OHRQoL, respectively.
An indirect association was found between ECC and children's sleep, mediated by the variable dental pain. ECC and dental pain were associated with higher OHRQoL scores.
Dental anxiety can be measured by self-report instruments. The Children's Experiences of Dental Anxiety Measure (CEDAM) is a 14-item measure of dental anxiety. A short form would be useful to reduce application time and financial costs of data collection.
To develop the short-forms of the Brazilian CEDAM to facilitate its use and to evaluate their psychometric properties using item impact and regression methods.
The sample consisted of 80 9–12-year-old schoolchildren. The item impact method selected the eight items with the highest impact score and multiplied the frequency of individuals by the mean score of the item. The regression method considered the total score as the dependent variable and the individual item scores as independent variables. Content, Criterion, Construct Validity, and Reliability were tested.
The methods identified 4 common questions. Short-forms showed a floor effect, and the impact method had a ceiling effect (Content Validity). Short-form scores positively correlated with the CEDAM (Criterion Validity) and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS) scores (Correlational Construct Validity). High fearful children (CFSS-DS ≥ 32) had higher short-form scores than their counterparts (Discriminant Construct Validity). Short-forms showed to be reliable (Cronbach's α > 0.80).
Short-forms of the Brazilian CEDAM demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability.
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