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Factors influencing pharmacists' roles in preventing prescription and over-the-counter opioid misuse: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. 影响药剂师在预防处方和非处方阿片类药物滥用中发挥作用的因素:系统综述和叙述性综述。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad090
Ogochukwu Fidelia Offu, Shelina Visram, Adam Pattison Rathbone, Laura Lindsey

Background: The prescribing rate of opioids is increasing and is a main contributor to opioid misuse. Community pharmacists can help reduce opioid misuse rates by carrying out prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) opioid misuse prevention services. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to community pharmacists' involvement has the potential to improve these services.

Objective: To review the literature on the barriers and facilitators of community pharmacists' involvement in prescription and OTC opioid misuse prevention.

Methods: A systematic review of primary research was carried out in MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and APA PsycINFO from January 2022 to March 2022. Narrative synthesis underpinned by the COM-B model was used to analyse findings from the included articles. Studies were included if they used qualitative or mixed methods; published in English and focussed on OTC or prescription opioids.

Results: Ten studies were included in the review. Barriers and facilitators were grouped into individual, environmental, and system-level factors. Based on the COM-B model, these factors were classified as capabilities (knowledge and skill), opportunities (e.g. relationship with prescribers, time), and motivation (pharmacists' attitude).

Conclusion: Improving pharmacists' capabilities and opportunities might improve pharmacists' motivation to offer opioid misuse services. This could improve pharmacists' behaviour, that is, their role in preventing prescription and OTC opioid misuse. The findings of this review were based on information obtained from primary evidence from qualitative studies; However. further empirical work is needed to identify how pharmacists can be supported.

背景:阿片类药物的处方率不断上升,是造成阿片类药物滥用的主要原因。社区药剂师可以通过开展处方药和非处方药 (OTC) 滥用预防服务,帮助降低阿片类药物滥用率。了解社区药剂师参与的障碍和促进因素有可能改善这些服务:回顾有关社区药剂师参与处方药和非处方药阿片类药物滥用预防工作的障碍和促进因素的文献:方法:从 2022 年 1 月至 2022 年 3 月,在 MEDLINE、Embase、Scopus、Web of Science、CINAHL 和 APA PsycINFO 中对主要研究进行了系统综述。以 COM-B 模型为基础的叙事综合法用于分析所纳入文章的研究结果。采用定性或混合方法、以英语发表、关注非处方药或处方阿片类药物的研究均被纳入:结果:10 项研究被纳入审查范围。障碍和促进因素分为个人、环境和系统层面的因素。根据 COM-B 模型,这些因素被分为能力(知识和技能)、机会(如与处方者的关系、时间)和动机(药剂师的态度):结论:提高药剂师的能力和机会可提高药剂师提供滥用阿片类药物服务的积极性。这可以改善药剂师的行为,即他们在预防处方药和非处方药阿片类药物滥用方面的作用。本综述的结论基于从定性研究的主要证据中获得的信息;然而,还需要进一步的实证工作来确定如何为药剂师提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
Perspectives of community pharmacists on extended pharmacy services and value-added services in Malaysia: a cross-sectional survey. 马来西亚社区药剂师对扩展药房服务和增值服务的看法:横断面调查。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad087
Jianfeng Chu, Mari Kannan Maharajan, Kingston Rajiah

Objective: This study aimed to investigate patterns of extended pharmacy services (EPS) provided by Malaysian community pharmacists and their willingness to provide value-added services (VAS) in addition to EPS. Additionally, this study examined the barriers to the effective implementation of these two services.

Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire among community pharmacists in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. Convenience sampling was done, and descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were performed.

Results: Two hundred and thirty-six pharmacists participated. The most rendered EPS were nutritional supplements, hypertension management, and diabetic management, while chronic kidney disease management, smoking cessation, and mental health services were the least rendered. Pharmacists were willing to provide medication waste management and vaccination as VAS but were less inclined towards therapeutic drug monitoring and sterile compounding. Barriers included limited access to medical records of patients, lack of designated counselling areas, and concerns about remuneration. High sales pressure and busy workloads were additional barriers to providing VAS. Continuous professional development (CPD) positively influenced pharmacists' engagement in EPS and VAS.

Conclusions: This study highlights service provision trends and areas for improvement. Addressing identified barriers, such as enhancing access to patient records and establishing designated counselling areas, can improve service delivery. Remuneration models and workload management strategies should be considered to alleviate barriers related to sales pressure and time constraints. Promoting CPD opportunities is crucial for enhancing pharmacist engagement and optimizing EPS and VAS.

研究目的本研究旨在调查马来西亚社区药剂师提供扩展药房服务(EPS)的模式,以及他们在 EPS 之外提供增值服务(VAS)的意愿。此外,本研究还探讨了有效实施这两项服务的障碍:方法:采用自填问卷的方式对雪兰莪州和吉隆坡的社区药剂师进行了横向调查。进行了方便抽样,并进行了描述性统计和相关分析:236 名药剂师参与了调查。提供最多的 EPS 是营养补充剂、高血压管理和糖尿病管理,而提供最少的是慢性肾病管理、戒烟和心理健康服务。药剂师愿意提供药物废物管理和疫苗接种服务,但不太愿意提供治疗药物监测和无菌配制服务。障碍包括查阅病人病历的机会有限、缺乏指定的咨询区以及对报酬的担忧。销售压力大和工作繁忙是提供增值服务的额外障碍。持续专业发展(CPD)对药剂师参与易感基因检测和自愿咨询有积极影响:本研究强调了服务提供的趋势和需要改进的地方。解决已发现的障碍,如加强对患者病历的访问和建立指定的咨询区,可以改善服务的提供。应考虑薪酬模式和工作量管理策略,以减轻与销售压力和时间限制有关的障碍。促进持续专业发展机会对于提高药剂师的参与度以及优化 EPS 和 VAS 至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Career outlook and satisfaction in the presence of workload intensification-a survey of early career pharmacists. 工作量加重情况下的职业前景和满意度--对早期职业药剂师的调查。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad084
Fiona Bradley, Michael Hammond, Rhiannon Braund

Background: The demographics of the pharmacy workforce is changing with an increased proportion of pharmacists less than 30 years old (early career pharmacists-ECPs). In parallel, the profession has experienced workload intensification and workforce attrition. It is important to understand ECPs career satisfaction to retain this section of the pharmacy profession.

Objectives: This study aimed to collect data on the current career satisfaction of ECPs, and identify workplace factors that were most important to this group. Further, to use these findings to inform sector recommendations.

Methods: A steering group of ECPs in Aotearoa New Zealand developed a survey based on one used previously. An invitation email was sent to all pharmacists who had been registered for less than 10 years and were members of the Pharmaceutical Society of New Zealand.

Results: A total of 1418 ECPs were identified and invited to participate, and responses were received by 416 of these. While 90% believe that they are making a useful contribution to the health of their patients, over half are unhappy and discontented, with over a third dissatisfied with their careers. A large proportion (44%) were considering leaving the profession in the next 5 years. The top three factors for career satisfaction were ability to progress and learn new skills, the people they work with, and the remuneration.

Conclusions: This study provides a starting point for understanding the current environment and level of dissatisfaction of young pharmacists. There are several areas of concern that need to be addressed if a strong vibrant viable pharmacy profession is to be achieved.

背景:药剂师队伍的人口结构正在发生变化,30 岁以下的药剂师(早期职业药剂师-ECPs)所占比例越来越大。与此同时,药剂师职业也经历了工作量增加和人员流失的过程。了解早期职业药剂师的职业满意度对于留住这部分药剂师非常重要:本研究旨在收集有关 ECPs 当前职业满意度的数据,并确定对这一群体最重要的工作场所因素。此外,还将利用这些调查结果为部门建议提供依据:方法:新西兰奥特亚罗瓦地区的 ECP 指导小组根据以前使用过的调查方法制定了一项调查。向所有注册时间不足 10 年且为新西兰药剂师协会会员的药剂师发送了邀请电子邮件:共确定并邀请了 1418 名 ECP 参与调查,其中 416 名收到了回复。虽然 90% 的人认为他们为患者的健康做出了有益的贡献,但超过一半的人感到不开心和不满,超过三分之一的人对自己的职业感到不满。很大一部分人(44%)考虑在未来 5 年内离开这一行业。对职业满意度最高的三个因素是进步和学习新技能的能力、与他们共事的人以及薪酬:这项研究为了解当前环境和青年药剂师的不满意程度提供了一个起点。如果要建立一个强大的、充满活力的、有生命力的药剂师行业,有几个方面的问题需要解决。
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引用次数: 0
Taxonomy development for term standardization in activity resulting from medication review processes: a Delphi study. 药物审查过程中产生的活动术语标准化的分类开发:德尔菲研究。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riae002
Mohammed S Alharthi, Sion Scott, Carmel Hughes, Christine Bond, Ernieda Hatah, Linda Bryant, Richard Holland, Sam Kosari, Wasim Baqir, Yoon Loke, David Wright

Background: Medication review (MR) is the systematic assessment of a patient's medications for safety and effectiveness by a healthcare professional. The language used to describe MR activity, such as stopped medicine and increased dose, should be consistent across studies to assist researchers compare how different services operate and identify their mechanism of impact.

Aim: To develop an international taxonomy of standardized terms and activity definitions related to medication reviews.

Method: This was a three-stage Delphi-based consensus study with international medication review experts. A systematic review provided MR activity terms for the survey. Experts rated their consensus on each activity term and its definition on a Likert scale and provided written feedback. The consensus was 75% panel agreement. At each stage, consensus elements were retained, and feedback was used to revise definitions.

Results: Seven experts were recruited for the study (response rate 15.2%) from four countries: the United Kingdom (n = 4), New Zealand (n = 1), Australia (n = 1), and Malaysia (n = 1). The following terms achieved consensus: the term Medication as a descriptor for MR terms; discontinue medication, start medication, dose increase, dose decrease, dosage form change, and medication safety and efficacy monitor to describe MR activity; Educate to describe the delivery of healthcare professionals and patients/carers education.

Conclusion: Standardized medication review activity terms and definitions have been selected for universal adoption in all future MR research to facilitate a meaningful comparison of process evaluations within different settings.

背景:用药审查(MR)是由医护人员对患者用药的安全性和有效性进行的系统性评估。用于描述 MR 活动(如停药和增加剂量)的语言应在各项研究中保持一致,以帮助研究人员比较不同服务的运作方式并确定其影响机制:方法:这是一项基于德尔菲共识的三阶段研究,由国际药物评论专家参与。系统综述为调查提供了 MR 活动术语。专家们用李克特量表对每个活动术语及其定义的共识进行评分,并提供书面反馈。专家组的共识率为 75%。每个阶段都会保留共识要素,并根据反馈意见修改定义:本研究共招募了 7 位专家(回复率为 15.2%),他们分别来自 4 个国家:英国(4 位)、新西兰(1 位)、澳大利亚(1 位)和马来西亚(1 位)。以下术语达成了共识:"用药"(Medication)作为 MR 术语的描述词;"停药"、"开始用药"、"增加剂量"、"减少剂量"、"改变剂型 "和 "药物安全性和有效性监测 "用于描述 MR 活动;"教育"(Educate)用于描述医护人员和患者/护理人员的教育:结论:我们选择了标准化的用药回顾活动术语和定义,供今后所有的 MR 研究普遍采用,以便对不同环境下的过程评估进行有意义的比较。
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引用次数: 0
Consumer knowledge of mental health conditions, awareness of mental health support services, and perception of community pharmacists' role in mental health promotion. 消费者对精神健康状况的了解、对精神健康支持服务的认识以及对社区药剂师在促进精神健康方面作用的看法。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad091
Judith Singleton, Julie E Stevens, Raymond Truong, Adam McCulloch, Elay Ara, Maria B Cooper, Britany Hobbs, Elizabeth Hotham, Vijayaprakash Suppiah

Objective: To explore community pharmacy consumers' knowledge and attitudes of mental illness, support services, and community pharmacists' role in supporting people living with mental illness (PLMI).

Methods: This survey was conducted in 15 community pharmacies between June and September 2019. Participants were aged 18 years or older without prior or ongoing history of mental illness and/or with close family members with mental illness. Open-ended responses to the anonymous questionnaire were analysed using content analysis.

Key findings: Majority of the 380 participants were female (57.4%) with a mean age 52.9 years and 33.7% having completed university. Most (70.3%) believed that people with mental illness had a negative image due to poor health literacy providing possible solutions of 'awareness campaigns', 'education and training', and 'increased government funding for mental health (MH) support services'. Only 33.7% and 63.7% of participants were aware of Mental Health Week and the R U OK? Campaign, respectively. Whilst 12.4% of participants had participated in MH campaigns, only 3.4% were aware of community pharmacists-led MH educational activities. There were significant differences between adults (<65 years) and older adults (≥65 years old) with the latter reporting a more negative image for mental illness (P < 0.05) and having less exposure and engagement with MH resources (P < 0.001) and campaigns (P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Despite awareness, participants reported low engagement with MH campaigns. Additionally, older adults had lower MH literacy and exposure to resources and campaigns. This study highlighted that the community lacked awareness of what pharmacists can offer to support PLMIs.

目的探讨社区药房消费者对精神疾病、支持服务以及社区药剂师在支持精神疾病患者(PLMI)方面所扮演角色的认识和态度:本次调查于 2019 年 6 月至 9 月期间在 15 家社区药房进行。参与者年龄在 18 岁或 18 岁以上,既往无精神病史,也无精神病史和/或近亲中有精神病患者。采用内容分析法对匿名问卷的开放式回答进行了分析:在 380 名参与者中,大多数为女性(57.4%),平均年龄为 52.9 岁,33.7%完成了大学学业。大多数人(70.3%)认为,精神疾病患者的负面形象是由于健康知识匮乏造成的,并提出了 "提高认识运动"、"教育和培训 "以及 "增加政府对精神健康(MH)支持服务的拨款 "等可能的解决方案。只有 33.7% 和 63.7% 的参与者知道心理健康周和 R U OK?运动。虽然有 12.4% 的参与者参加过精神健康运动,但只有 3.4% 的参与者了解由社区药剂师主导的精神健康教育活动。成年人之间存在明显差异(结论:尽管参与者有所了解,但他们对心理健康教育活动的参与度较低。此外,老年人的心理健康知识水平较低,接触资源和活动的机会也较少。这项研究强调,社区缺乏对药剂师可为 PLMI 提供哪些支持的认识。
{"title":"Consumer knowledge of mental health conditions, awareness of mental health support services, and perception of community pharmacists' role in mental health promotion.","authors":"Judith Singleton, Julie E Stevens, Raymond Truong, Adam McCulloch, Elay Ara, Maria B Cooper, Britany Hobbs, Elizabeth Hotham, Vijayaprakash Suppiah","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore community pharmacy consumers' knowledge and attitudes of mental illness, support services, and community pharmacists' role in supporting people living with mental illness (PLMI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This survey was conducted in 15 community pharmacies between June and September 2019. Participants were aged 18 years or older without prior or ongoing history of mental illness and/or with close family members with mental illness. Open-ended responses to the anonymous questionnaire were analysed using content analysis.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Majority of the 380 participants were female (57.4%) with a mean age 52.9 years and 33.7% having completed university. Most (70.3%) believed that people with mental illness had a negative image due to poor health literacy providing possible solutions of 'awareness campaigns', 'education and training', and 'increased government funding for mental health (MH) support services'. Only 33.7% and 63.7% of participants were aware of Mental Health Week and the R U OK? Campaign, respectively. Whilst 12.4% of participants had participated in MH campaigns, only 3.4% were aware of community pharmacists-led MH educational activities. There were significant differences between adults (<65 years) and older adults (≥65 years old) with the latter reporting a more negative image for mental illness (P < 0.05) and having less exposure and engagement with MH resources (P < 0.001) and campaigns (P < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite awareness, participants reported low engagement with MH campaigns. Additionally, older adults had lower MH literacy and exposure to resources and campaigns. This study highlighted that the community lacked awareness of what pharmacists can offer to support PLMIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139032271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pharmacists' role and experiences with delivering mental health care within team-based primary care settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间,药剂师在以团队为基础的初级医疗机构中提供心理健康护理的角色和经验。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad086
Rachelle Ashcroft, Annalise Mathers, Amanda Gin, Simon Lam, Catherine Donnelly, Judith Belle Brown, Toula Kourgiantakis, Kavita Mehta, Jennifer Rayner, Deepy Sur, Keith Adamson, Anne Kirvan, Lisa Dolovich

Objectives: Pharmacists have been increasingly integrated into primary care teams, leading to improved health outcomes for patients. The two objectives of this study were (i) to describe how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted pharmacists' role in mental health care within Canadian primary care teams and (ii) to describe Canadian pharmacists' experiences collaborating with other healthcare providers in the delivery of mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational study utilizing an online survey consisting of closed-ended and open-ended questions. Primary care pharmacists in Ontario were eligible to participate. Descriptive statistics were collated, and qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. A total of 51 pharmacists participated in the study.

Key findings: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the expanding role of pharmacists in attending to the mental health care of patients. Working within a collaborative, interprofessional healthcare environment, pharmacists support patients' mental health in a variety of ways, including medication education and management, non-pharmacologic approaches and supportive conversations, and identification of resources, including referrals, wellness checks, and consulting with physicians. Increasing demand for mental health services has led to higher referrals to pharmacists, which will likely persist and require further education of pharmacists in mental health along with better access to deliver virtual care.

Conclusion: In response to the increasing mental health care needs of patients since the COVID-19 pandemic, primary care pharmacists reported increased attention spent on mental health care. Building capacity and ensuring support for pharmacists to continue to address the increasing mental health care demands is essential.

目标:药剂师已越来越多地融入初级医疗团队,从而改善了患者的健康状况。本研究的两个目标是:(i) 描述 COVID-19 大流行如何影响药剂师在加拿大初级医疗团队中的心理保健角色;(ii) 描述加拿大药剂师在 COVID-19 大流行期间与其他医疗服务提供者合作提供心理保健服务的经验:方法:横断面观察研究,采用由封闭式和开放式问题组成的在线调查。安大略省的初级保健药剂师均有资格参与。对描述性统计数据进行了整理,并对定性数据进行了主题分析。共有 51 名药剂师参与了研究:COVID-19 大流行使得药剂师在为患者提供心理健康护理方面的作用不断扩大。药剂师在跨专业合作的医疗保健环境中工作,以多种方式为患者的心理健康提供支持,包括药物教育和管理、非药物治疗方法和支持性谈话,以及确定资源,包括转诊、健康检查和向医生咨询。对心理健康服务需求的增加导致了药剂师转诊量的增加,这种情况很可能会持续下去,这就需要对药剂师进行心理健康方面的进一步教育,同时提供更好的虚拟医疗服务:自 COVID-19 大流行以来,患者对心理健康护理的需求不断增加,为应对这种情况,初级保健药剂师报告称,他们对心理健康护理的关注度有所提高。培养药剂师的能力并确保为其提供支持以继续满足日益增长的精神健康护理需求至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
The knowledge, attitude, and practice of the public regarding household pharmaceutical waste disposal: a systematic review (2013-2023). 公众对家庭药物废物处置的认知、态度和实践:系统综述(2013-2023)。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riae001
Sheng Yuan Hiew, Bee Yean Low

Objective: The improper disposal of household pharmaceutical waste (HPW) is an emerging cause of environmental pollution. Behavioural practices are intricately linked to individuals' knowledge levels and attitudes. Thus, this systematic review aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of HPW disposal among the public and to examine the interconnectedness of these KAP components.

Methods: A literature review for articles published from 2013 to 2023 was carried out in scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, identifying quantitative studies involving the assessment of KAP of the public concerning HPW disposal.

Results: This review incorporated 12 studies conducted in Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Nine studies highlighted a consistent trend of limited to inadequate knowledge regarding safe medication disposal. Notwithstanding, respondents largely exhibited a positive attitude towards proper medication disposal. This encouraging disposition, unfortunately, stands in stark contrast to the reported practices, which appeared to be inadequate. This dissonance might be due to a deficit in accessible disposal facilities and information, compounded with insufficient guidance from healthcare professionals. Interestingly, the majority expressed support for take-back programs aimed at managing unused and expired medications.

Conclusion: This review identified a need for a comprehensive understanding of the interconnected dynamics among KAP components regarding safe medication disposal. The exploration of theoretical behavioural frameworks could help predict public intentions to adopt safe medication disposal practices. Ultimately, a multi-faceted approach that addresses knowledge gaps, reinforces positive attitudes, and promotes accessible safe medication disposal services can collectively safeguard the environment and public health.

目的:家庭医药废物(HPW)的不当处置是造成环境污染的一个新原因。行为实践与个人的知识水平和态度密切相关。因此,本系统性综述旨在评估公众在处理家庭医药废弃物方面的知识、态度和实践(KAP),并研究这些KAP组成部分之间的相互联系:在科学数据库 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中对 2013 年至 2023 年发表的文章进行了文献综述,确定了涉及评估公众对高压废物处置的 KAP 的定量研究:本综述纳入了在非洲、南亚和东南亚进行的 12 项研究。九项研究强调了一种一致的趋势,即对安全药物处置的了解有限或不足。尽管如此,受访者大多对正确处置药物持积极态度。遗憾的是,这种令人鼓舞的态度与报告的做法形成了鲜明对比,后者似乎并不充分。造成这种不协调的原因可能是缺乏方便的处理设施和信息,再加上医护人员的指导不够。有趣的是,大多数人表示支持旨在管理未使用和过期药物的回收计划:本综述认为,有必要全面了解有关安全处置药物的 KAP 各组成部分之间的相互联系。对行为理论框架的探索有助于预测公众采取安全药物处置措施的意愿。归根结底,解决知识差距、强化积极态度和推广可获得的安全药物处置服务的多层面方法可以共同保护环境和公众健康。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a maturity matrix to assess organizational readiness of community pharmacies for implementation of guideline recommendations in diabetes care. 制定成熟度矩阵,评估社区药房实施糖尿病护理指南建议的组织准备情况。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad076
Martina Teichert, Kenji Fujita, Jozé Braspenning

Objectives: Pharmaceutical care for people with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) has been described in professional guidelines. To apply their recommendations, organizational changes are needed. We aimed to describe, for the first time, the development of a maturity matrix for community pharmacy teams (MM-CP) to assess organizational readiness in implementing the guideline recommendations on pharmaceutical DMT2 care.

Methods: MM-CP development was conducted in a systematic consensus process with pharmacists from existing working groups. In three meetings with preparatory assignments, mutually exclusive domains were chosen for the DMT2 guideline implementation. After determining the growth steps, the resulting matrix cells were filled with examples of the organizational implementation activities. To explore the generalizability of domains and growth steps, two other working groups for "medication surveillance" and "multidose drug dispensing" guidelines were consulted.

Key findings: A five-by-five matrix was developed using the domains "personalized care," "teamwork," "information systems and data exchange," "external collaboration," and "education and research" on the horizontal axis, and the growth steps "being aware and motivated," "being able to," "performing, evaluating and improving," and "innovating" on the vertical axis. The MM-CP cells were filled with examples to implement the core recommendations of the DMT2 guideline. The matrix is to be used by pharmacy teams as a formative instrument.

Conclusions: The MM-CP is ready for use by community pharmacy teams for self-assessing their organizational readiness. However, further research is required to evaluate its potential in stimulating targeted improvement during the implementation of the DMT2-guideline recommendations in community pharmacies.

目的:在专业指南中描述了2型糖尿病(DMT2)患者的药学服务。为了应用他们的建议,需要对组织进行更改。我们的目的是首次描述社区药房团队(MM-CP)成熟度矩阵的发展,以评估组织在实施药物DMT2护理指南建议方面的准备情况。方法:MM-CP的制定是在现有工作组药师系统共识的过程中进行的。在三次有准备任务的会议中,为DMT2指南的实施选择了相互排斥的领域。在确定了增长步骤之后,生成的矩阵单元被组织实现活动的示例填充。为了探索领域和增长步骤的普遍性,咨询了“药物监测”和“多剂量药物分配”指南的另外两个工作组。主要发现:我们以“个性化护理”、“团队合作”、“信息系统和数据交换”、“外部协作”和“教育和研究”领域为横轴,以“意识和动力”、“能够”、“执行、评估和改进”和“创新”为纵轴,开发了一个五乘五的矩阵。MM-CP单元中充满了实施DMT2指南核心建议的示例。该矩阵将被药房团队用作形成工具。结论:MM-CP可用于社区药房团队对其组织准备情况进行自我评估。然而,需要进一步的研究来评估其在社区药房实施dmt2指南建议期间刺激有针对性改进的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Beliefs about antibiotics, perceptions of antimicrobial resistance, and antibiotic use: initial findings from a multi-country survey. 对抗生素的看法、对抗菌药耐药性的认识以及抗生素的使用:一项多国调查的初步结果。
IF 1.8 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad089
Annie S K Jones, Amy H Y Chan, Kebede Beyene, Chloe Tuck, Diane Ashiru-Oredope, Victoria Rutter, Rob Horne

Objectives: To examine public beliefs about antibiotics, AMR, and knowledge of antibiotic use, and how these relate to self-reported antibiotic use.

Methods: Two hundred and fifty participants from 23 countries completed a cross-sectional, online survey assessing beliefs about antibiotics and AMR, knowledge of antibiotics, and antibiotic use. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman's ρ correlations were used to understand relationships between outcomes.

Key findings: Respondents generally viewed antibiotics positively, with particularly strong beliefs regarding their benefit (M = 16.48 out of 20, SD = 2.62) and few concerns regarding their harm (M = 3.98 out of 10, SD = 1.82). Greater benefit beliefs about antibiotics were associated with fewer concerns about their overuse (P < .0001) and harm (P < .0001). Stronger perceived importance of AMR was associated with greater beliefs about the benefits of antibiotics (P = .006), greater concerns about their overuse (P = .009), and increased knowledge of appropriate use (P = .006). Those who reported inappropriately using their last antibiotics had greater concerns about overuse (P = .12) and less knowledge regarding appropriate use (P = .015), compared to those who did not.

Conclusions: Generally, the public tends to view antibiotics as having strong benefits and have few concerns about their harm, which may have implications for inappropriate use. These initial findings highlight beliefs that could be targeted in messages to reduce inappropriate demand for antibiotics.

目的研究公众对抗生素、AMR 和抗生素使用知识的看法,以及这些看法与自我报告的抗生素使用情况之间的关系:来自 23 个国家的 250 名参与者完成了一项横断面在线调查,调查内容包括对抗生素和 AMR 的看法、抗生素知识以及抗生素使用情况。调查采用了描述性统计、Mann-Whitney U 检验和 Spearman's ρ 相关性来了解结果之间的关系:受访者普遍对抗生素持积极态度,尤其坚信抗生素的益处(M = 16.48,满分为 20 分,SD = 2.62),而很少担心抗生素的害处(M = 3.98,满分为 10 分,SD = 1.82)。对抗生素益处的认识越高,对其过度使用(P < .0001)和危害(P < .0001)的担忧就越少。对 AMR 重要性的更强认知与对抗生素益处的更强信念(P = .006)、对过度使用抗生素的更大担忧(P = .009)以及对适当使用抗生素的更多了解(P = .006)相关。与未报告最后一次抗生素使用不当的人相比,报告最后一次抗生素使用不当的人更担心过度使用抗生素(P = .12),对适当使用抗生素的了解较少(P = .015):一般来说,公众倾向于认为抗生素具有很大的益处,而很少担心其危害,这可能会对抗生素的不当使用产生影响。这些初步调查结果表明,为减少对抗生素的不当需求,可以有针对性地传达一些信息。
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引用次数: 0
Barriers and facilitators experienced in delivering alcohol screening and brief interventions in community pharmacy: a qualitative evidence synthesis. 在社区药房提供酒精筛查和简短干预方面遇到的障碍和促进者:定性证据综合。
IF 1.5 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-02-15 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riad071
Alexander Smith, Ryan Buchanan, Julie Parkes, Helen Stone, Qian Yue Tan, Kinda Ibrahim

Background: Following increases in deaths due to alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been renewed calls to increase resources in alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI). Research has shown that community pharmacy could be a promising setting for SBI. This review aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators to SBI delivery in community pharmacy to inform its further development.

Methods: A systematic search of four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) was conducted in October 2021 to identify relevant published qualitative or mixed-method studies. Relevant qualitative data were extracted from the included studies and a framework synthesis was performed using the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model.

Results: Two thousand two hundred and ten articles were screened and nine studies were included in the review (seven in the United Kingdom and two in Australia). Identified barriers and facilitators to delivering SBI corresponded to all components of the COM-B model. Facilitators included non-confrontational communication skills, aligning SBI with existing pharmacy services and pharmacist role legitimacy. Barriers included multiple demands on staff time, a lack of staff experience with screening tools, and staff concerns of causing offence. Using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), we propose five elements of a pharmacy SBI to address identified barriers.

Conclusions: Research into SBI in community pharmacy is limited in comparison to other healthcare settings and this review provides an understanding of the barriers and facilitators to the delivery of SBI in community pharmacy from a behavioural perspective. Through the use of COM-B and BCW, our findings could inform the development of future pharmacy-based SBI.

背景:在新冠肺炎大流行期间,酒精导致的死亡人数增加后,人们再次呼吁增加酒精筛查和短暂干预(SBI)的资源。研究表明,社区药房可能是SBI的一个很有前途的环境。本次审查旨在调查社区药房履行机构交付的障碍和促进因素,为其进一步发展提供信息。方法:2021年10月,对四个数据库(MEDLINE、EMBASE、CINAHL和PsycINFO)进行了系统搜索,以确定相关已发表的定性或混合方法研究。从纳入的研究中提取相关的定性数据,并使用能力-机会-动机-行为(COM-B)模型进行框架综合。结果:筛选了210篇文章,9项研究被纳入综述(7项在英国,2项在澳大利亚)。已确定的履行机构交付障碍和促进者与主要利益攸关方B模式的所有组成部分相对应。调解人包括非对抗性沟通技能、使履行机构与现有药房服务保持一致以及药剂师角色的合法性。障碍包括对工作人员时间的多重要求、工作人员缺乏使用筛查工具的经验以及工作人员担心引起冒犯。使用行为改变轮(BCW),我们提出了药房SBI的五个要素,以解决已确定的障碍。结论:与其他医疗机构相比,对社区药房SBI的研究有限,本综述从行为角度了解了在社区药房提供SBI的障碍和促进因素。通过使用COM-B和BCW,我们的发现可以为未来基于药学的SBI的发展提供信息。
{"title":"Barriers and facilitators experienced in delivering alcohol screening and brief interventions in community pharmacy: a qualitative evidence synthesis.","authors":"Alexander Smith, Ryan Buchanan, Julie Parkes, Helen Stone, Qian Yue Tan, Kinda Ibrahim","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riad071","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riad071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following increases in deaths due to alcohol during the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been renewed calls to increase resources in alcohol screening and brief intervention (SBI). Research has shown that community pharmacy could be a promising setting for SBI. This review aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators to SBI delivery in community pharmacy to inform its further development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) was conducted in October 2021 to identify relevant published qualitative or mixed-method studies. Relevant qualitative data were extracted from the included studies and a framework synthesis was performed using the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two thousand two hundred and ten articles were screened and nine studies were included in the review (seven in the United Kingdom and two in Australia). Identified barriers and facilitators to delivering SBI corresponded to all components of the COM-B model. Facilitators included non-confrontational communication skills, aligning SBI with existing pharmacy services and pharmacist role legitimacy. Barriers included multiple demands on staff time, a lack of staff experience with screening tools, and staff concerns of causing offence. Using the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW), we propose five elements of a pharmacy SBI to address identified barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Research into SBI in community pharmacy is limited in comparison to other healthcare settings and this review provides an understanding of the barriers and facilitators to the delivery of SBI in community pharmacy from a behavioural perspective. Through the use of COM-B and BCW, our findings could inform the development of future pharmacy-based SBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71481396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
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