Pradnya D Jadhav, Vaibhav V Kakade, Aniket E Indrale
This review will explore the information about Creutzfeldt -Jakob disease (CJD), which is the human prion disease. CJD is a rare brain disorder and rapidly progressive. CJD belongs to the family of human prion disease, which is caused by misfolded, transmissible infections particles, or prions. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs), also known as prion disease. Spongiform refers to the characteristic appearance of infected brains. CJD affects about one person in every one million people per year worldwide. CJD is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder which is having a higher mortality rate. CJD usually appears in later life and has a high incubation period but become rapidly progressive once clinically symptoms begin. CJD exist in three major groups sporadic CJD (sCJD), Acquired CJD, and Genetic CJD. The sporadic form generally affects the late middle age or elderly persons (Mean age of 67 years). Most people with clinically diagnosed CJD die within a year. Other neurodegenerative illness like Alzheimer's disease involves the deposition of an aberrantly folded protein: although CJD is transmissible. There is no specific treatment for CJD except for supportive care. The arrangement of different clinicians and surveillance programs can maintain awareness of CJD to control the future incidence of its transmission.
{"title":"The review on: “Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease”","authors":"Pradnya D Jadhav, Vaibhav V Kakade, Aniket E Indrale","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.19","url":null,"abstract":"This review will explore the information about Creutzfeldt -Jakob disease (CJD), which is the human prion disease. CJD is a rare brain disorder and rapidly progressive. CJD belongs to the family of human prion disease, which is caused by misfolded, transmissible infections particles, or prions. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSEs), also known as prion disease. Spongiform refers to the characteristic appearance of infected brains. CJD affects about one person in every one million people per year worldwide. CJD is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder which is having a higher mortality rate. CJD usually appears in later life and has a high incubation period but become rapidly progressive once clinically symptoms begin. CJD exist in three major groups sporadic CJD (sCJD), Acquired CJD, and Genetic CJD. The sporadic form generally affects the late middle age or elderly persons (Mean age of 67 years). Most people with clinically diagnosed CJD die within a year. Other neurodegenerative illness like Alzheimer's disease involves the deposition of an aberrantly folded protein: although CJD is transmissible. There is no specific treatment for CJD except for supportive care. The arrangement of different clinicians and surveillance programs can maintain awareness of CJD to control the future incidence of its transmission.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72941969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Singh N R, Amit, Babita Yadav, Arun Gupta, Rakesh Rana, Vishakha Rajesh Wetal, Neha Dubey, Sophia Jameela, Richa Singhal, Shruti Khanduri, Sharma B S, Rao BCS, Bharti, Srikanth N, Dhiman K S
An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation (Ayush-64) was repurposed for use in mild to moderate COVID-19 cases based on the supportive evidence obtained from a pilot study on its effect on Influenza like illness (ILI) and molecular docking study which revealed that several compounds isolated from Ayush-64 demonstrated antiviral activity. The study aims at evaluating the effect of an Ayurvedic intervention (Ayush-64) in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. A prospective single arm, pilot study in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. The study was conducted at Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan (CBPACS), New Delhi, India. A total of 37 COVID-19 participants confirmed through RT-PCR were included in the study. The proportion of participants with negative SARS-CoV-2 on nasal or throat swab in a 2-day consecutive real-time RT-PCR test was evaluated as the secondary outcome. In the study, 86.1% of participants demonstrated clinical recovery with 14 days of use of Ayush-64 as stand-alone treatment without any other conventional medicines, out of which 75% clinically recovered within 8 days. Further, 69.4% of participants turned negative by the 15th day, out of which 50% became COVID-19 negative on the 8th day. No AE/ ADR was observed during the study. Ayush-64 may significantly facilitate clinical improvement in terms of duration for clinical recovery and attaining negative conversion in mild to moderate COVID-19 cases.
{"title":"Effect of an Ayurvedic Intervention (Ayush-64) as a Stand-Alone Treatment in Mild to Moderate COVID-19: An Exploratory Prospective Single-Arm Clinical Trial","authors":"Singh N R, Amit, Babita Yadav, Arun Gupta, Rakesh Rana, Vishakha Rajesh Wetal, Neha Dubey, Sophia Jameela, Richa Singhal, Shruti Khanduri, Sharma B S, Rao BCS, Bharti, Srikanth N, Dhiman K S","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.22","url":null,"abstract":"An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation (Ayush-64) was repurposed for use in mild to moderate COVID-19 cases based on the supportive evidence obtained from a pilot study on its effect on Influenza like illness (ILI) and molecular docking study which revealed that several compounds isolated from Ayush-64 demonstrated antiviral activity. The study aims at evaluating the effect of an Ayurvedic intervention (Ayush-64) in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. A prospective single arm, pilot study in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients. The study was conducted at Chaudhary Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan (CBPACS), New Delhi, India. A total of 37 COVID-19 participants confirmed through RT-PCR were included in the study. The proportion of participants with negative SARS-CoV-2 on nasal or throat swab in a 2-day consecutive real-time RT-PCR test was evaluated as the secondary outcome. In the study, 86.1% of participants demonstrated clinical recovery with 14 days of use of Ayush-64 as stand-alone treatment without any other conventional medicines, out of which 75% clinically recovered within 8 days. Further, 69.4% of participants turned negative by the 15th day, out of which 50% became COVID-19 negative on the 8th day. No AE/ ADR was observed during the study. Ayush-64 may significantly facilitate clinical improvement in terms of duration for clinical recovery and attaining negative conversion in mild to moderate COVID-19 cases.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79150843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harshada B Shirke, Vaibhav V Kakade, Nikhil C Katore
In medical terms, heavy bleeding is the term called menstrual period with normally or abnormality concerns. Some women do not experience blood loss enough to be defined as Menorrhagia. In medical terms, Menorrhagia is defined as a common problem that women report to their physician. On average, 10 million American women face this problem every year. It means every single woman out of five women. A 30-year-old mother of two presented to her physician with two years of increased heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and server dysmenorrhoea. Heavy menstrual bleeding lasts for more than 7 days. In some cases, there is heavy bleeding. If there is no treatment for this problem, the person cannot live a healthy lifestyle. Due to this problem, there are chances of causing anemia. Anemia is a disease in which a person feels tired, weak or have a problem in breathing. Due to the heavy menstrual bleeding, one can't live the normal life social, physical, emotional, well-being and cannot ask for any help from others. Heavy bleeding many causes the disease, which re due to any other disease or problems. You can’t do the normal usual activities work or any other job when having heavy menstrual bleeding as compared to the normal bleeding. When the blood flow is heavy, you might suffer from painful cramps and sometimes these cramps, which one related to menorrhagia are serious and they require medical treatment. When periods are heavy, which means the pads which are used get soaked very fastly but using a double pad may give relief and also protect from heavy bleeding.
{"title":"A Review on – “Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Abdomen Pain During Periods”","authors":"Harshada B Shirke, Vaibhav V Kakade, Nikhil C Katore","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.20","url":null,"abstract":"In medical terms, heavy bleeding is the term called menstrual period with normally or abnormality concerns. Some women do not experience blood loss enough to be defined as Menorrhagia. In medical terms, Menorrhagia is defined as a common problem that women report to their physician. On average, 10 million American women face this problem every year. It means every single woman out of five women. A 30-year-old mother of two presented to her physician with two years of increased heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and server dysmenorrhoea. Heavy menstrual bleeding lasts for more than 7 days. In some cases, there is heavy bleeding. If there is no treatment for this problem, the person cannot live a healthy lifestyle. Due to this problem, there are chances of causing anemia. Anemia is a disease in which a person feels tired, weak or have a problem in breathing. Due to the heavy menstrual bleeding, one can't live the normal life social, physical, emotional, well-being and cannot ask for any help from others. Heavy bleeding many causes the disease, which re due to any other disease or problems. You can’t do the normal usual activities work or any other job when having heavy menstrual bleeding as compared to the normal bleeding. When the blood flow is heavy, you might suffer from painful cramps and sometimes these cramps, which one related to menorrhagia are serious and they require medical treatment. When periods are heavy, which means the pads which are used get soaked very fastly but using a double pad may give relief and also protect from heavy bleeding. ","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84245058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andini Mandira, Chrismis Novalinda Ginting, Linda Chiuman
The toxic and carcinogenic effects of benzene are caused by several factors such as the duration, mode and level of exposure, and individual susceptibility factors (age, gender, lifestyle, and pre-existing diseases). Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp, known as the bay leaf, is a species of the Myrtaceae family. It is used as traditional medicine by various ethnic groups, especially in Southeast Asia, such as Malaysia and Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Syzygium polyanthum using 44 rats. These experimental animals were divided into eleven groups, each consisting of 4 rats. The normal group was given only CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), while negative 1 and 2 were given benzene 100 mg/kg BW every 6 and 3 days intraperitoneally. Furthermore, positive groups 1 and 2 were treated with vitamin c + benzene 100 mg/kgbw every 6 and 3 days, respectively. Group I-6 rats were given the extract at a dose of 400, 600, and 4800 mg/kgbw + benzene 100 mg/kgbw every 3 and 6 days during 21 days of the experiment. On day 22, the rats were injected with 1% ketamine and their blood samples were taken directly from the heart. This was followed by Interferon Gamma and COX-2. The result showed that the ethanolic extract of Syzygium polyanthum can reduce the biomarker of Interferon-gamma and COX-2 in benzene-induced rats.
{"title":"The neuroprotective effects of the ethanolic extract of Syzygium polyanthum in benzene-induced rats","authors":"Andini Mandira, Chrismis Novalinda Ginting, Linda Chiuman","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The toxic and carcinogenic effects of benzene are caused by several factors such as the duration, mode and level of exposure, and individual susceptibility factors (age, gender, lifestyle, and pre-existing diseases). Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp, known as the bay leaf, is a species of the Myrtaceae family. It is used as traditional medicine by various ethnic groups, especially in Southeast Asia, such as Malaysia and Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Syzygium polyanthum using 44 rats. These experimental animals were divided into eleven groups, each consisting of 4 rats. The normal group was given only CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), while negative 1 and 2 were given benzene 100 mg/kg BW every 6 and 3 days intraperitoneally. Furthermore, positive groups 1 and 2 were treated with vitamin c + benzene 100 mg/kgbw every 6 and 3 days, respectively. Group I-6 rats were given the extract at a dose of 400, 600, and 4800 mg/kgbw + benzene 100 mg/kgbw every 3 and 6 days during 21 days of the experiment. On day 22, the rats were injected with 1% ketamine and their blood samples were taken directly from the heart. This was followed by Interferon Gamma and COX-2. The result showed that the ethanolic extract of Syzygium polyanthum can reduce the biomarker of Interferon-gamma and COX-2 in benzene-induced rats.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80428309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aris Suhardiman, Ketut Adnyana I., Ika Kurnia Sukamawati, Titin Rostinawati
Diabetes mellitus in 2020 in the world was 422 million people, and 1,6 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year. Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood due to impaired function of the pancreas gland in producing the hormone insulin. One of the mechanisms of action of the antidiabetic drug class is α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors. Compounds that play a role in the inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme from plant extracts are flavonoids. Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) plants contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, tannins and steroids/triterpenoids. Gaharu leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, then the extract obtained was fractionated using a liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol-water as solvents. The extracts and fractions obtained were tested for inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme as measured by a microplate reader at a wavelength of 405 nm and acarbose as a comparison. The inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme is expressed by the IC50 value. The inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase enzyme from extracts and fractions of n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol-water were 90,87 µg/ml; 908,53 µg/ml; 89,78 µg/ml and 35,89 µg/ml and acarbose 19,08 µg/ml. The methanol-water fraction showed a very strong inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme.
{"title":"Activity of Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) Leaves Extract and Fraction as Herbal Drug Against α-Glucosidase Inhibition","authors":"Aris Suhardiman, Ketut Adnyana I., Ika Kurnia Sukamawati, Titin Rostinawati","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.17","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus in 2020 in the world was 422 million people, and 1,6 million deaths are directly attributed to diabetes each year. Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood due to impaired function of the pancreas gland in producing the hormone insulin. One of the mechanisms of action of the antidiabetic drug class is α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitors. Compounds that play a role in the inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme from plant extracts are flavonoids. Agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lam) plants contain secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, tannins and steroids/triterpenoids. Gaharu leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, then the extract obtained was fractionated using a liquid-liquid extraction method with n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol-water as solvents. The extracts and fractions obtained were tested for inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme as measured by a microplate reader at a wavelength of 405 nm and acarbose as a comparison. The inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme is expressed by the IC50 value. The inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase enzyme from extracts and fractions of n-hexane, ethylacetate and methanol-water were 90,87 µg/ml; 908,53 µg/ml; 89,78 µg/ml and 35,89 µg/ml and acarbose 19,08 µg/ml. The methanol-water fraction showed a very strong inhibitory activity against the α-glucosidase enzyme.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76975779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, effective treatment and management of malignant osteomyelitis remain an alarming clinical challenge causing the creation of antimicrobial biomaterials for orthopedic surgeons. The has revived attention in creating antimicrobial biomaterials for orthopedics. The collaboration of nanotechnology and engineered biomaterials will probably provide perception for developing novel and hybrid composites. Because of improved control of the interaction between nanoparticles and polymers, nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) incorporated nanocomposite would provide versatility in designing specific properties. As a result, the study describes the ethanolic extraction of Guar gum from native Cassia fistula seeds, as well as the development of (n-HA), Chitosan (CS), and Guar gum (GM) nanocomposite via the Co-precipitation method. The nanocomposites were characterized based on their physicochemical and morphological properties, such as XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. The nanocomposites were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) ATCC25923 and anticancer activity against MG 63 (osteosarcoma) cancer cell line MTT assay. The antibacterial result confirms that the n-HA/CS-GM hybrid nanocomposites exhibit excellent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and average inhibition zones of the different content samples against S. aureus were 15.75 mm for n-HA/CS and 19.75 mm for n-HA/CS-GM hybrid microspheres, respectively. The cytotoxicity result showed that the average OD of cells treated with 7.8 to 1000 µg/mL concentration of n-HA/CS composite varied from 0.479 to 0.297 parallel to 88.70% to 55% cell viability, and the OD of n-HA/CS-GM composite varied from 0.447 to 0.273 corresponding 82.77% to 50.55% cell viability for 7.8µg/mL concentration up to 1000µg/mL.
{"title":"Development of n-HA/CS-GM biomimetic nanocomposite for biomedical applications","authors":"Aswathy C, Jenson Samraj J, Gurusamy Annadurai","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, effective treatment and management of malignant osteomyelitis remain an alarming clinical challenge causing the creation of antimicrobial biomaterials for orthopedic surgeons. The has revived attention in creating antimicrobial biomaterials for orthopedics. The collaboration of nanotechnology and engineered biomaterials will probably provide perception for developing novel and hybrid composites. Because of improved control of the interaction between nanoparticles and polymers, nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) incorporated nanocomposite would provide versatility in designing specific properties. As a result, the study describes the ethanolic extraction of Guar gum from native Cassia fistula seeds, as well as the development of (n-HA), Chitosan (CS), and Guar gum (GM) nanocomposite via the Co-precipitation method. The nanocomposites were characterized based on their physicochemical and morphological properties, such as XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. The nanocomposites were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) ATCC25923 and anticancer activity against MG 63 (osteosarcoma) cancer cell line MTT assay. The antibacterial result confirms that the n-HA/CS-GM hybrid nanocomposites exhibit excellent antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and average inhibition zones of the different content samples against S. aureus were 15.75 mm for n-HA/CS and 19.75 mm for n-HA/CS-GM hybrid microspheres, respectively. The cytotoxicity result showed that the average OD of cells treated with 7.8 to 1000 µg/mL concentration of n-HA/CS composite varied from 0.479 to 0.297 parallel to 88.70% to 55% cell viability, and the OD of n-HA/CS-GM composite varied from 0.447 to 0.273 corresponding 82.77% to 50.55% cell viability for 7.8µg/mL concentration up to 1000µg/mL.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76489784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bhuvaneswari P, Shanmugavadivu T, Sabeena G, Annadurai G, Sindhuja E
A mixture of nanocomposite material has been obtained by in situ formations of an inorganic network in the presence of a preformed organic polymer. Chitosan biopolymer is the most common and then silica is used in composite materials, which were used for the sol-gel reaction. The average particles size of nanocomposite powder is 63.33nm as measured by XRD. Chitosan-silica nanocomposite (CS) has a rough surface texture which appears as agglomerates of varied sizes and shapes of microfibrils and separate binding crystalline structure measured by SEM. The agar well diffusion assay is used to confirm the inhibition zone of bacteria. The nanocomposite showed antibacterial activity when tested against the pathogens gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. Further, the synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Particle size analysis (PSA), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan with Silica (CS) Nanocomposite with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity","authors":"Bhuvaneswari P, Shanmugavadivu T, Sabeena G, Annadurai G, Sindhuja E","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.16","url":null,"abstract":"A mixture of nanocomposite material has been obtained by in situ formations of an inorganic network in the presence of a preformed organic polymer. Chitosan biopolymer is the most common and then silica is used in composite materials, which were used for the sol-gel reaction. The average particles size of nanocomposite powder is 63.33nm as measured by XRD. Chitosan-silica nanocomposite (CS) has a rough surface texture which appears as agglomerates of varied sizes and shapes of microfibrils and separate binding crystalline structure measured by SEM. The agar well diffusion assay is used to confirm the inhibition zone of bacteria. The nanocomposite showed antibacterial activity when tested against the pathogens gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. Further, the synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Particle size analysis (PSA), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy (UV) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82671119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Powder flow properties are critical bulk level features for the manufacturing of solid dosage forms. Small-scale powder flow measurements are also widely accepted as a tool for predicting large-scale production failure. The aim of this study is to explore the flow properties of a two-component powder mixture and investigate the effect of mixing two powders with different properties on the flow properties parameters. To achieve this aim, 12 blends were prepared using an acoustic mixer (Labram). The flow properties were studied using rotational shear cell methodology. The results showed that the addition of Micr APAP into the excipients with good flow properties significantly increased the flow resistance of the prepared blends and consequently reduced their flow properties. The main driving factor in determining the flow properties is the particle size of the blend’s components. The results of this study suggest that it is very important to measure the flow properties of any pharmaceutical blends and not depend only on the flow properties of the original components before mixing.
{"title":"Investigating the flow behaviour of pharmaceutical blends using shear cell methodology","authors":"Hasan Aldewachi, Hiba R Tawfeeq, Thamer A. Omar","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Powder flow properties are critical bulk level features for the manufacturing of solid dosage forms. Small-scale powder flow measurements are also widely accepted as a tool for predicting large-scale production failure. The aim of this study is to explore the flow properties of a two-component powder mixture and investigate the effect of mixing two powders with different properties on the flow properties parameters. To achieve this aim, 12 blends were prepared using an acoustic mixer (Labram). The flow properties were studied using rotational shear cell methodology. The results showed that the addition of Micr APAP into the excipients with good flow properties significantly increased the flow resistance of the prepared blends and consequently reduced their flow properties. The main driving factor in determining the flow properties is the particle size of the blend’s components. The results of this study suggest that it is very important to measure the flow properties of any pharmaceutical blends and not depend only on the flow properties of the original components before mixing.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83954694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The word ”Phyto” means plant, and also sometimes, it can be signified as cell- like. The development of phytosomes produces a little cell by itself, by which the active ingredient of the herbal extracts is protected from the intestinal secretions and instinctive bacteria destruction. The introduction of phyto- somes into herbal formulation is very recent and useful because they have advanced bioavailability, and they are better absorbed. Also, they consume this enhanced ability to cross lipid-rich bio membranes to finally reach the blood. Phytosomes can also be defined as complex chemical mixtures which are formulated by countering more than one mole synthetic or natural phos- pholipids phosphatidyl ethanolamine or phosphatidylserines with the one mole of another component. There are various plants materials which can be merged in the process of phytosomes, such as several herbal extracts includ- ing quercetin, grape seed, Rhein, neem, green tea, aloe vera, marigold and ginseng. The bioavailability of phytosomes further as linked to conventional herbal extracts because it has enhanced capability to penetrate the lipid bio membrane to finally reach the systemic blood circulation. Phytosomes has been categorized as a novel line for herbal drug delivery. Various conven- tional dosage forms such as gels and creams remained expressed using these constituents, but they appeared to be a better dermatological effect. Hence, phytosomes were formulated by binding phosphatidylcholine (acts as a trans- porter and protect the skin) and herbal extracts. They consist of a phospho- lipid molecular structure which includes two fat-soluble tails and a water- soluble head, and because of its dual solubility, it was absorbed better and was also used for the treatment of skin carcinomas, antiaging and skin disorders.
{"title":"Phytosomes - An emerging approach for effective management of Dermatological Disorder","authors":"Deepti Dwivedi, Alok Kumar Shukla, Satya Prakash Singh","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.11","url":null,"abstract":"The word ”Phyto” means plant, and also sometimes, it can be signified as cell- like. The development of phytosomes produces a little cell by itself, by which the active ingredient of the herbal extracts is protected from the intestinal secretions and instinctive bacteria destruction. The introduction of phyto- somes into herbal formulation is very recent and useful because they have advanced bioavailability, and they are better absorbed. Also, they consume this enhanced ability to cross lipid-rich bio membranes to finally reach the blood. Phytosomes can also be defined as complex chemical mixtures which are formulated by countering more than one mole synthetic or natural phos- pholipids phosphatidyl ethanolamine or phosphatidylserines with the one mole of another component. There are various plants materials which can be merged in the process of phytosomes, such as several herbal extracts includ- ing quercetin, grape seed, Rhein, neem, green tea, aloe vera, marigold and ginseng. The bioavailability of phytosomes further as linked to conventional herbal extracts because it has enhanced capability to penetrate the lipid bio membrane to finally reach the systemic blood circulation. Phytosomes has been categorized as a novel line for herbal drug delivery. Various conven- tional dosage forms such as gels and creams remained expressed using these constituents, but they appeared to be a better dermatological effect. Hence, phytosomes were formulated by binding phosphatidylcholine (acts as a trans- porter and protect the skin) and herbal extracts. They consist of a phospho- lipid molecular structure which includes two fat-soluble tails and a water- soluble head, and because of its dual solubility, it was absorbed better and was also used for the treatment of skin carcinomas, antiaging and skin disorders.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83786926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is a globally rising, multifactorial disease which may be a result of obesity, diabetes (type-2), hypercholesteremia and gut dysbiosis. NASH is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of liver tissues which further leads to hepatocellular carcinoma or liver failure. Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show symptoms of NASH in which the fat accumulation in the liver exceeds 5-10%. Accumulation of this fat in the form of triglyceride in the hepatocytes is the key factor for the development of NASH. This may be caused due to increase in the flow of fatty acid and de novo lipogenesis. This abnormal retention of fat leads to lipotoxicity, which can cause apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation and an increase in oxidative stress. Since the pathological factors associated with NASH are unclear, the treatment to control the progression and management of the disease is cumbersome. Progress is being made in order to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of this condition. With studies reporting that NASH is the most common liver disease after hepatitis C, there is an increase in the demands for medical therapy and diagnosis of NASH. However, no treatment has been proven to be effective for long-term use. Gut dysbiosis, major pathways involved in NASH progression, experimental animal models and the current therapeutic strategies for NASH is discussed in the present review.
{"title":"Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH): An Update","authors":"Gnana Prakash","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is a globally rising, multifactorial disease which may be a result of obesity, diabetes (type-2), hypercholesteremia and gut dysbiosis. NASH is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of liver tissues which further leads to hepatocellular carcinoma or liver failure. Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show symptoms of NASH in which the fat accumulation in the liver exceeds 5-10%. Accumulation of this fat in the form of triglyceride in the hepatocytes is the key factor for the development of NASH. This may be caused due to increase in the flow of fatty acid and de novo lipogenesis. This abnormal retention of fat leads to lipotoxicity, which can cause apoptosis, necrosis, inflammation and an increase in oxidative stress. Since the pathological factors associated with NASH are unclear, the treatment to control the progression and management of the disease is cumbersome. Progress is being made in order to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of this condition. With studies reporting that NASH is the most common liver disease after hepatitis C, there is an increase in the demands for medical therapy and diagnosis of NASH. However, no treatment has been proven to be effective for long-term use. Gut dysbiosis, major pathways involved in NASH progression, experimental animal models and the current therapeutic strategies for NASH is discussed in the present review.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82594845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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