Pub Date : 2022-09-12DOI: 10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.2498
Nithya R, Rajalekshmi M, Nasreen Banu M
Cancer cervix accounts for 80% of female genital cancer and is the most common genital cancer. India accounts for 27% of the incidence all over the world. The mortality due to cancer cervix is 14.7%. To assess the reliability of downstaging in early detection of the precancerous lesion. To correlate the findings in 110 women with unhealthy cervix by cytology, colposcopy directed biopsies. The work was carried out continuously over one year and 2 months. 110 women were evaluated. When Cytology was compared with Colposcopy, Cytology had only 38.8% sensitivity. Cytology showed higher specificity (98.4%). 95% of the patients with abnormal Cytology had abnormal colposcopy. Colposcopy showed a sensitivity of 96.3% and a specificity of 72.3%. Sensitivity was more than a Pap smear, but specificity was less than a pap smear. Thus, colposcopy offers an excellent tool for evaluating cervical lesions. It is an easy and perspective method, and its importance lies in teaching, diagnosis and management of cervical lesions, neoplastic and non- neoplastic.
{"title":"Comparison of downstaging, pap smear, colposcopy and colpo-directed biopsy in the detection of cancer cervix","authors":"Nithya R, Rajalekshmi M, Nasreen Banu M","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.2498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.2498","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer cervix accounts for 80% of female genital cancer and is the most common genital cancer. India accounts for 27% of the incidence all over the world. The mortality due to cancer cervix is 14.7%. To assess the reliability of downstaging in early detection of the precancerous lesion. To correlate the findings in 110 women with unhealthy cervix by cytology, colposcopy directed biopsies. The work was carried out continuously over one year and 2 months. 110 women were evaluated. When Cytology was compared with Colposcopy, Cytology had only 38.8% sensitivity. Cytology showed higher specificity (98.4%). 95% of the patients with abnormal Cytology had abnormal colposcopy. Colposcopy showed a sensitivity of 96.3% and a specificity of 72.3%. Sensitivity was more than a Pap smear, but specificity was less than a pap smear. Thus, colposcopy offers an excellent tool for evaluating cervical lesions. It is an easy and perspective method, and its importance lies in teaching, diagnosis and management of cervical lesions, neoplastic and non- neoplastic.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85763151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is among the most prevalent type of cancer among women. Mastectomy is a common surgical option for breast cancer, which usually leads to significant functional impairment. Fatigue, anxiety and depression are reported by mastectomy patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of a multimodal exercise program on improving functional impairment, fatigue, anxiety and depression after mastectomy. A 40-year-old female presented with abnormal tissue growth, pain and nipple discharge at the right breast. She was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma stage I and undertook six weeks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Postoperatively, patient had a functional impairment, fatigue, anxiety and depression. An eight-week multimodal exercise program comprising ROM exercises, strength and endurance training, breathing exercises and functional activities was given. DASH for assessing upper extremity functions, BFI for assessing the impact of fatigue on daily activities and HADS for assessing anxiety and depression. An eight-week multimodal exercise program effectively improves functional impairment, fatigue, anxiety and depression in mastectomy patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
{"title":"Effect of Multimodal Exercise Program on Functional Outcome, Fatigue and Emotional Health in Mastectomy Patient with Concomitant Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Study","authors":"Saumi Sinha, Rohit Balasaheb Rahane, Rakesh Kumar Sinha","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.2125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.2125","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is among the most prevalent type of cancer among women. Mastectomy is a common surgical option for breast cancer, which usually leads to significant functional impairment. Fatigue, anxiety and depression are reported by mastectomy patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of a multimodal exercise program on improving functional impairment, fatigue, anxiety and depression after mastectomy. A 40-year-old female presented with abnormal tissue growth, pain and nipple discharge at the right breast. She was diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinoma stage I and undertook six weeks of neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by modified radical mastectomy (MRM). Postoperatively, patient had a functional impairment, fatigue, anxiety and depression. An eight-week multimodal exercise program comprising ROM exercises, strength and endurance training, breathing exercises and functional activities was given. DASH for assessing upper extremity functions, BFI for assessing the impact of fatigue on daily activities and HADS for assessing anxiety and depression. An eight-week multimodal exercise program effectively improves functional impairment, fatigue, anxiety and depression in mastectomy patients with rheumatoid arthritis.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85258092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lower Gastro intestinal (LGIB) bleeding is one of the most important clinical symptoms which have significant morbidity and mortality. It has an annual admission rate of 0.15% with mortality rate of 5-10%. LGIB can be caused by a number of causes, including both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Colonoscopy is the gold standard diagnostic measure which is a simple, convenient and cost-effective procedure. The present study aimed to assess the Colonoscopic profile of LGIB presented to our tertiary care centre. This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary health care centre. A total number of 58 adult subjects with LGIB aged above 18 years were recruited over a period of six months after obtaining written informed consent. All included patients underwent detailed history, clinical examination, blood tests and colonoscopic evaluation. Results were analysed. In our study among the 58 subjects (n=33) were males, which were equal to 57%. The majority of our patients were between the mean age of 31-40 years. Most colonoscopic findings were suggestive of ulcerative colitis, which equalled to 31%. Other different aetiologies of LGIB were as following: carcinoma of the colon (15%), haemorrhoids (15%), colonic polyps (14%) carcinoma of anal canal (5%) and so on. The majority of our patients had moderate anaemia, which was equal to 45% and this was due to persistent LGIB. The incidence of lower GI bleeding increased with increasing age among our patients. The leading cause of lower GI bleeding was found to be ulcerative colitis. The prevalence of colon cancer increases with increase in age. It was followed by CA colon, haemorrhoids, and colonic polyps; hence colonoscopy is recommended in all patients with chronic LGIB.
{"title":"Colonoscopic Profile of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed in Adults: A Tertiary Care Centre Based Study","authors":"Fahad Dadu, Sachin Dhande, Mahendrakumar Kalappan, Jagadeesan Mohanan, Magesh Kumar Sivanesan, Damodharan Jeyachandran","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.2092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.2092","url":null,"abstract":"Lower Gastro intestinal (LGIB) bleeding is one of the most important clinical symptoms which have significant morbidity and mortality. It has an annual admission rate of 0.15% with mortality rate of 5-10%. LGIB can be caused by a number of causes, including both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Colonoscopy is the gold standard diagnostic measure which is a simple, convenient and cost-effective procedure. The present study aimed to assess the Colonoscopic profile of LGIB presented to our tertiary care centre. This is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a tertiary health care centre. A total number of 58 adult subjects with LGIB aged above 18 years were recruited over a period of six months after obtaining written informed consent. All included patients underwent detailed history, clinical examination, blood tests and colonoscopic evaluation. Results were analysed. In our study among the 58 subjects (n=33) were males, which were equal to 57%. The majority of our patients were between the mean age of 31-40 years. Most colonoscopic findings were suggestive of ulcerative colitis, which equalled to 31%. Other different aetiologies of LGIB were as following: carcinoma of the colon (15%), haemorrhoids (15%), colonic polyps (14%) carcinoma of anal canal (5%) and so on. The majority of our patients had moderate anaemia, which was equal to 45% and this was due to persistent LGIB. The incidence of lower GI bleeding increased with increasing age among our patients. The leading cause of lower GI bleeding was found to be ulcerative colitis. The prevalence of colon cancer increases with increase in age. It was followed by CA colon, haemorrhoids, and colonic polyps; hence colonoscopy is recommended in all patients with chronic LGIB.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87245867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-23DOI: 10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.1778
Pritam N. Dube, Vivekanand A. Chatpalliwar, Yogita B. Thombare, Tushar N. Lokhande
This exploratory work encompasses synthetic chemistry to develop novel 3, 5- diphenylethanone derivatives compounds based on the medicinally relevant scaffold of pyrazole as that of standard SERM i.e. Tamoxifen and Raloxifene. Specific strategies for the synthesis of novel analogues were used and were subjected to modeling and docking studies for analyzing the ER subtype selectivity. The in-silico studies were conducted in order to attain a better insight into the interactions of these molecules with their target receptor in order to study their subtype selectivity and preferential binding site. The various orientations taken by ligands while binding the estrogen receptor-α were studied over 1ERR (PDB) using Schrodinger Maestro environments. The anti-cancer potential of these derivatives were evaluated in estrogen receptor-positive cell lines in an in vitro assay, exploring MCF-7 and Zr-75-1 cell lines. Amongst all, the derivatives that displaced promising anticancer activity (4-chloro substituted, compound 4b) were selectively screened for in vivo anti-cancer activity subjected to NMU administration mammary carcinoma in female Sprague- Dawley rat. As hormone estrogen has been largely implemented in the metastasis of breast cancer, it has become imperative to measure levels of the hormone in tumor-affected animals. The percentage of incidences, tumor latency, tumor burden, and tumor volume was measured after sacrificing the experimental animals.
{"title":"Design and Synthesis of 3, 5-Diphenylpyrazole derivatives as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators","authors":"Pritam N. Dube, Vivekanand A. Chatpalliwar, Yogita B. Thombare, Tushar N. Lokhande","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.1778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.1778","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory work encompasses synthetic chemistry to develop novel 3, 5- diphenylethanone derivatives compounds based on the medicinally relevant scaffold of pyrazole as that of standard SERM i.e. Tamoxifen and Raloxifene. Specific strategies for the synthesis of novel analogues were used and were subjected to modeling and docking studies for analyzing the ER subtype selectivity. The in-silico studies were conducted in order to attain a better insight into the interactions of these molecules with their target receptor in order to study their subtype selectivity and preferential binding site. The various orientations taken by ligands while binding the estrogen receptor-α were studied over 1ERR (PDB) using Schrodinger Maestro environments. The anti-cancer potential of these derivatives were evaluated in estrogen receptor-positive cell lines in an in vitro assay, exploring MCF-7 and Zr-75-1 cell lines. Amongst all, the derivatives that displaced promising anticancer activity (4-chloro substituted, compound 4b) were selectively screened for in vivo anti-cancer activity subjected to NMU administration mammary carcinoma in female Sprague- Dawley rat. As hormone estrogen has been largely implemented in the metastasis of breast cancer, it has become imperative to measure levels of the hormone in tumor-affected animals. The percentage of incidences, tumor latency, tumor burden, and tumor volume was measured after sacrificing the experimental animals.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88688469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-08DOI: 10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.1520
Rupasree Peruru
a
一个
{"title":"In silico predictions of NADPH oxidase binding properties of selected flavonoids - Protective role in arsenic induced neurotoxicity","authors":"Rupasree Peruru","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.1520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i3.1520","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>a</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89823806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-25DOI: 10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.1315
Shajni Krishna G M, Hephzibah Kirubamani
Implantation of the fertilised egg in any place other than the endometrial cavity or the uterus constitutes the term ectopic pregnancy. This can occur in any part of the abdominal cavity, with the fallopian tube being the most common location, including the cornua of the uterus, ovary and Cervix. Though the exact aetiology remains unknown, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), previous ectopic gestation, pelvic surgeries, in vitro fertilisation, ipsilateral salpingectomy, infertility, history of medical termination of pregnancy, and certain types of contraception are considered risk factors. The most common method of diagnosis is by ultrasound – transabdominal or transvaginal. Treatment options include medical and surgical methods, depending on a number of factors like the gestational age, ultrasound findings, haemodynamic stability of the patient, beta HCG level and the patient’s desire for future fertility. Below is a rare case of how a cornual pregnancy presented to us with co-existing liver pathology. With the desire for future fertility taken into consideration, medical management was opted by the patient and executed. The patient showed good recovery and ectopic gestation was resolved.
{"title":"Liver vs Uterus – A Rare Case of Cornual Ectopic Pregnancy","authors":"Shajni Krishna G M, Hephzibah Kirubamani","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.1315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.1315","url":null,"abstract":"Implantation of the fertilised egg in any place other than the endometrial cavity or the uterus constitutes the term ectopic pregnancy. This can occur in any part of the abdominal cavity, with the fallopian tube being the most common location, including the cornua of the uterus, ovary and Cervix. Though the exact aetiology remains unknown, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), previous ectopic gestation, pelvic surgeries, in vitro fertilisation, ipsilateral salpingectomy, infertility, history of medical termination of pregnancy, and certain types of contraception are considered risk factors. The most common method of diagnosis is by ultrasound – transabdominal or transvaginal. Treatment options include medical and surgical methods, depending on a number of factors like the gestational age, ultrasound findings, haemodynamic stability of the patient, beta HCG level and the patient’s desire for future fertility. Below is a rare case of how a cornual pregnancy presented to us with co-existing liver pathology. With the desire for future fertility taken into consideration, medical management was opted by the patient and executed. The patient showed good recovery and ectopic gestation was resolved.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87545636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-23DOI: 10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.1264
Qassim Y N
a
一个
{"title":"Dermis as an Interposing Reinforcing Layer for Repairing Large Urethrocutaneous Fistula Following Hypospadias Surgery","authors":"Qassim Y N","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.1264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.1264","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>a</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87921463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.889
Sai Supriya Muthyala, Niruby Rasendrakumar, Nidhi Sharma
Ichthyosis (ikTHeosis) uterus is a rare benign metaplastic transformation of uterine endometrium into stratified squamous epithelium. The word ichthyosis (plural ichthyoses) comes from two ancient Greek (ixtus), meaning fish and disease. The metaplastic epithelium is parakeratotic with absent granular layer. Premalignant potential of this benign transformation has not been established due to the rarity of occurrence. We report a case of 72 year old female, post menopausal with the complaints of painless lower abdominal distension for past six months. She had no history of menorrhagia or dysmenorrhea in her previous menstrual cycles. USG abdomen was done. She was taken up for elective hysterectomy with a diagnosis of hydrometra. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymph node sampling done. Peritoneal fluid cytology, peritoneal biopsy was done. Gross section of specimen was seen and the same sent for histopathological examination. Based on these histological findings a diagnosis of Ichthyosis uteri with focal High grade Squamous intraepithelial lesion of endometrium was made. In our case, there is a direct continuity of the squamous metaplasia of the endocervix and the endometrial lining. This supports the benign metaplastic spread of squamous epithelium from the transformation zone of the cervix into the uterine cavity. However, the stimulation of squamous metaplasia in uterine endometrium as a result of long term hydrometra is being hypothesised in our patient. The association of hydrometra, squamous metaplasia and dysplastic changes in endometrium are speculated.
{"title":"Ichthyosis Uterus – A Rare Premalignant Lesion of Endometrium","authors":"Sai Supriya Muthyala, Niruby Rasendrakumar, Nidhi Sharma","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.889","url":null,"abstract":"Ichthyosis (ikTHeosis) uterus is a rare benign metaplastic transformation of uterine endometrium into stratified squamous epithelium. The word ichthyosis (plural ichthyoses) comes from two ancient Greek (ixtus), meaning fish and disease. The metaplastic epithelium is parakeratotic with absent granular layer. Premalignant potential of this benign transformation has not been established due to the rarity of occurrence. We report a case of 72 year old female, post menopausal with the complaints of painless lower abdominal distension for past six months. She had no history of menorrhagia or dysmenorrhea in her previous menstrual cycles. USG abdomen was done. She was taken up for elective hysterectomy with a diagnosis of hydrometra. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymph node sampling done. Peritoneal fluid cytology, peritoneal biopsy was done. Gross section of specimen was seen and the same sent for histopathological examination. Based on these histological findings a diagnosis of Ichthyosis uteri with focal High grade Squamous intraepithelial lesion of endometrium was made. In our case, there is a direct continuity of the squamous metaplasia of the endocervix and the endometrial lining. This supports the benign metaplastic spread of squamous epithelium from the transformation zone of the cervix into the uterine cavity. However, the stimulation of squamous metaplasia in uterine endometrium as a result of long term hydrometra is being hypothesised in our patient. The association of hydrometra, squamous metaplasia and dysplastic changes in endometrium are speculated.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86580425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.887
Nidhi Pandey, Arti R Thakkar, Ramanpreet Walia
The Drugs & Cosmetic act is meant to regularize safety & quality of medical devices, which is applied to all medical devices, implemented from 1st April 2020. Earlier 37 medical devices were regulated/ notified in India. The present study focuses on the devices which require regulations but still lack the quality check points for scrutiny from Central Drug standard control organization (CDSCO), Delhi. Furthermore, it aims to provide quality checklist for two upcoming devices (Ventilator) which is neither categorized nor regulated by Central Drug standard control organization, Delhi. Since the medical devices aid in diagnosing, treatment and palliative care, it is essential to check the quality such that it matches with the International standards. Post covid-19 outbreak ventilators have come under surveillance and notified as medical devices. The present study monitors all parameters for regulation of the ventilator. The survey based quality & regulation standards for ventilator as medical devices has been incorporated in this study.
{"title":"Quality and Regulation Standards for Ventilator as Medical Devices in India","authors":"Nidhi Pandey, Arti R Thakkar, Ramanpreet Walia","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.887","url":null,"abstract":"The Drugs & Cosmetic act is meant to regularize safety & quality of medical devices, which is applied to all medical devices, implemented from 1st April 2020. Earlier 37 medical devices were regulated/ notified in India. The present study focuses on the devices which require regulations but still lack the quality check points for scrutiny from Central Drug standard control organization (CDSCO), Delhi. Furthermore, it aims to provide quality checklist for two upcoming devices (Ventilator) which is neither categorized nor regulated by Central Drug standard control organization, Delhi. Since the medical devices aid in diagnosing, treatment and palliative care, it is essential to check the quality such that it matches with the International standards. Post covid-19 outbreak ventilators have come under surveillance and notified as medical devices. The present study monitors all parameters for regulation of the ventilator. The survey based quality & regulation standards for ventilator as medical devices has been incorporated in this study.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77313221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Safe drinking water and good sanitation facilities are prime factors for a healthy community. This will in turn limit the spread of diarrhoeal diseases. The purpose of the present cross-sectional epidemiological study was to obtain baseline data on drinking water in Vaikom, Kottayam district, Kerala, India. In this study, thirty households were surveyed and the targeted participants were mothers of the households with children under the age of five. Drinking water samples were collected and analyzed for bacterial contamination by membrane filtration (MF) techniques. 40% of the households used borehole water, while 33.3% used household tap water, 16.7% used healthy water and 6.7% depended on tanker truck water as a drinking water source. Only 3.3% uses bottled water as the primary drinking water source.73% of the water samples collected from tanker truck source are contaminated with Escherichia coli(E.Coli) and 61% of well water samples are contaminated with E.coli. For the bottled water category, it was seen only 2% was contaminated. Any presence of E.coli in the potable water means it is not safe to use. Continuous monitoring of water quality and effectiveness of the treatment processes, and following regulations, are essential to ensure that the water quality meets the set standards.
{"title":"Drinking Water and Sanitation Practices in North-Western Part of Kottayam District - A Cross Sectional Epidemiological Study","authors":"Sreekanth .S. Kaithavalappil, Deepa Sreekanth, Anjana Karunakaran Nair, Dayana Nicholas, Kenneth Nelson","doi":"10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v13i2.495","url":null,"abstract":"Safe drinking water and good sanitation facilities are prime factors for a healthy community. This will in turn limit the spread of diarrhoeal diseases. The purpose of the present cross-sectional epidemiological study was to obtain baseline data on drinking water in Vaikom, Kottayam district, Kerala, India. In this study, thirty households were surveyed and the targeted participants were mothers of the households with children under the age of five. Drinking water samples were collected and analyzed for bacterial contamination by membrane filtration (MF) techniques. 40% of the households used borehole water, while 33.3% used household tap water, 16.7% used healthy water and 6.7% depended on tanker truck water as a drinking water source. Only 3.3% uses bottled water as the primary drinking water source.73% of the water samples collected from tanker truck source are contaminated with Escherichia coli(E.Coli) and 61% of well water samples are contaminated with E.coli. For the bottled water category, it was seen only 2% was contaminated. Any presence of E.coli in the potable water means it is not safe to use. Continuous monitoring of water quality and effectiveness of the treatment processes, and following regulations, are essential to ensure that the water quality meets the set standards.","PeriodicalId":14285,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89046521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：