Athira M. Menon, P. Kumari, Chetna Nagoda, Shalini Tekriwal, Abhishek Kumar, S. D. Purohit, T. C. Dakal
Background: The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infected by a new strain of human coronavirus, has engulfed the whole globe with its vicious potential to eradicate humankind. The pandemic has emerged from the Wuhan provinces of China with high transmissibility. Researchers are rushing to discover vaccines and drugs for the disease, which is not known yet. In this study, we have focused on the in-silico screening of phytochemicals occurring naturally in plant extracts that could possibly interact with receptor binding motif (RBM) of spike protein and thereby inhibit virus-cell interaction. Materials and Methods: In this study, we have taken 100 phytochemicals that have been studied in various viral interactions and have shown antiviral properties. Initially, these compounds were analyzed on the basis of their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, biological activities, possible target interactions, similar compounds in humans, and gene regulations using bioinformatic tools, namely Swiss-ADME, PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances), SwissTargetPrediction, similar ensemble approach (SEA) search server, DIEGP-pred, respectively and were filtered out on the basis of immunobiological activities and expression of genes involved in cytokine storm regulation and immunostimulation. Further, they were docked with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike protein in the SARS-CoV-2 using SwissDock and analyzed by UCSF Chimera.
{"title":"Evaluation of some plant-derived natural ingredients against SARS-CoV-2: An in-silico approach","authors":"Athira M. Menon, P. Kumari, Chetna Nagoda, Shalini Tekriwal, Abhishek Kumar, S. D. Purohit, T. C. Dakal","doi":"10.15171/ijpni.2021.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ijpni.2021.05","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infected by a new strain of human coronavirus, has engulfed the whole globe with its vicious potential to eradicate humankind. The pandemic has emerged from the Wuhan provinces of China with high transmissibility. Researchers are rushing to discover vaccines and drugs for the disease, which is not known yet. In this study, we have focused on the in-silico screening of phytochemicals occurring naturally in plant extracts that could possibly interact with receptor binding motif (RBM) of spike protein and thereby inhibit virus-cell interaction. Materials and Methods: In this study, we have taken 100 phytochemicals that have been studied in various viral interactions and have shown antiviral properties. Initially, these compounds were analyzed on the basis of their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, biological activities, possible target interactions, similar compounds in humans, and gene regulations using bioinformatic tools, namely Swiss-ADME, PASS (prediction of activity spectra for substances), SwissTargetPrediction, similar ensemble approach (SEA) search server, DIEGP-pred, respectively and were filtered out on the basis of immunobiological activities and expression of genes involved in cytokine storm regulation and immunostimulation. Further, they were docked with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike protein in the SARS-CoV-2 using SwissDock and analyzed by UCSF Chimera.","PeriodicalId":14291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80713547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Gel-cream formulations used as cosmetics can present various textures. They may be fluid or semisolid, being highly influenced by their composition. These presentations require a complete study to obtain information about the physical stability and consistency of the product and the possible interaction between its compounds. In this context, this study aimed to develop cosmetic formulations using carrageenan and argan oil and assess through factorial design the influencing factors on the physical-mechanical properties. Materials and Methods: This study presents two different moments, totalizing 28 formulations developed. First, 27 formulations were formulated according to a 3³ factorial design study to understand the influences of concentrations, processes, and interactions between the raw material. In a second moment, four formulations were selected from this factorial: F1 (1% carrageenan, without argan oil); F2 (2% argan oil; without carrageenan); F3 (without both), and F4, the formulation with the presence of both in the highest concentration. The formulation F4 was utilized to create F5, which presents the same basic composition as F4, but added 0.1% of NaCl. All the formulations were studied regarding the texture parameters using the TA.XT Texturometer. Results: The natural ingredients carrageenan and argan oil presented a synergistic action in improving the physical-mechanical properties of the formulation. It is possible to observe that the viscosity index is the most affected parameter according to the presence or absence of the variation of the raw materials. The addition of NaCl increased significatively all the physical-mechanical parameters studied. Thus, the formulation F4 presented higher results for consistency and index of viscosity when compared with F1, with the only carrageenan. Conclusions: This work has a significant contribution once showed that the use of factorial design could contribute to developing more suitable cosmetic formulations, besides evidence the possible interactions between the raw materials from natural sources, giving subsidies for the development of more stable cosmetics and with superior performance.
{"title":"Application of factorial design in the development of cosmetic formulations with carrageenan and argan oil","authors":"V. Infante, Patrícia Mbg Maia Campos","doi":"10.15171/IJPNI.2021.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/IJPNI.2021.04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Gel-cream formulations used as cosmetics can present various textures. They may be fluid or semisolid, being highly influenced by their composition. These presentations require a complete study to obtain information about the physical stability and consistency of the product and the possible interaction between its compounds. In this context, this study aimed to develop cosmetic formulations using carrageenan and argan oil and assess through factorial design the influencing factors on the physical-mechanical properties. Materials and Methods: This study presents two different moments, totalizing 28 formulations developed. First, 27 formulations were formulated according to a 3³ factorial design study to understand the influences of concentrations, processes, and interactions between the raw material. In a second moment, four formulations were selected from this factorial: F1 (1% carrageenan, without argan oil); F2 (2% argan oil; without carrageenan); F3 (without both), and F4, the formulation with the presence of both in the highest concentration. The formulation F4 was utilized to create F5, which presents the same basic composition as F4, but added 0.1% of NaCl. All the formulations were studied regarding the texture parameters using the TA.XT Texturometer. Results: The natural ingredients carrageenan and argan oil presented a synergistic action in improving the physical-mechanical properties of the formulation. It is possible to observe that the viscosity index is the most affected parameter according to the presence or absence of the variation of the raw materials. The addition of NaCl increased significatively all the physical-mechanical parameters studied. Thus, the formulation F4 presented higher results for consistency and index of viscosity when compared with F1, with the only carrageenan. Conclusions: This work has a significant contribution once showed that the use of factorial design could contribute to developing more suitable cosmetic formulations, besides evidence the possible interactions between the raw materials from natural sources, giving subsidies for the development of more stable cosmetics and with superior performance.","PeriodicalId":14291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients","volume":"145 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80473618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Natural antioxidants in the plant kingdom play an essential role in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases and maintaining a healthy life. In addition, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase are involved in the occurrence and pathology of some as Alzheimer’s and diabetes, have become an important strategic target in the effective treatment of these diseases. Phlomis lycia D. DON is traditionally used as an appetizer, stimulant, carminative, tonic, and against stomach pain and dyspeptic complaints. There is limited knowledge on this species except for preliminary studies such as botanical and phytochemicals and biological properties. The aerial parts of this plant contained phenolic compounds, such as lignan, phenylethanoid, and iridoid derivatives which can be responsible for the potential biological effects. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity of the methanol and water extracts obtained from aerial parts of P. lycia in the flora of Turkey. Material and Methods: Antioxidant potentials were determined spectrophotometrically by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, iron chelating, and β-Carotene/linoleic acid emulsion method. We evaluated the inhibitory activities of methanol and water extracts of P. lycia against various enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase) by using 96-well plate methods. Results: According to the results, the methanol extract was more active than water extract in terms of antioxidant activity. On the other hand, although the methanol and water extracts were observed to demonstrate similar enzyme inhibitory activity, the water extract exhibited more inhibition activity on α-glucosidase. Conclusions: Our results suggested that Phlomis lycia could potentially be used for the isolation of potent antioxidants from the methanol extract. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first time that Phlomis lycia was reported in the literature with glucosidase inhibition activity.
{"title":"Investigation of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase inhibition and antioxidant activity of methanol and water extracts from aerial parts of Phlomis lycia D. DON","authors":"Nuraniye Eruygur, F. Ayaz","doi":"10.15171/IJPNI.2021.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/IJPNI.2021.03","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Natural antioxidants in the plant kingdom play an essential role in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases and maintaining a healthy life. In addition, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase are involved in the occurrence and pathology of some as Alzheimer’s and diabetes, have become an important strategic target in the effective treatment of these diseases. Phlomis lycia D. DON is traditionally used as an appetizer, stimulant, carminative, tonic, and against stomach pain and dyspeptic complaints. There is limited knowledge on this species except for preliminary studies such as botanical and phytochemicals and biological properties. The aerial parts of this plant contained phenolic compounds, such as lignan, phenylethanoid, and iridoid derivatives which can be responsible for the potential biological effects. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity of the methanol and water extracts obtained from aerial parts of P. lycia in the flora of Turkey. Material and Methods: Antioxidant potentials were determined spectrophotometrically by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, iron chelating, and β-Carotene/linoleic acid emulsion method. We evaluated the inhibitory activities of methanol and water extracts of P. lycia against various enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and tyrosinase) by using 96-well plate methods. Results: According to the results, the methanol extract was more active than water extract in terms of antioxidant activity. On the other hand, although the methanol and water extracts were observed to demonstrate similar enzyme inhibitory activity, the water extract exhibited more inhibition activity on α-glucosidase. Conclusions: Our results suggested that Phlomis lycia could potentially be used for the isolation of potent antioxidants from the methanol extract. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first time that Phlomis lycia was reported in the literature with glucosidase inhibition activity.","PeriodicalId":14291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74002534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Apples (Malus domestica) are a part of most daily diet. Their positive impact on health and overall wellness is recognized and widely accepted. Nowadays, the demanding industry of cosmetology has raised awareness over the potent dangers of the ingredients and consumers tend to reach out for products more nature based and gentle. In this study, the development of different extraction methods for the isolation of antioxidants from apples’ peels was tried and the evaluation of their efficacy. In addition to this, it was aimed to formulate a simple daily face cream using this extract and prove its action. Materials and Methods: This product was tested for its allergens, its stability and its preservative efficacy with the target to conclude to not only an effective daily cream but to a safe product ready to be used. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extract was determined as a single extract as well as after its encapsulation in the face cream. Results: The most common extraction methods were followed and showed that at 200μg/mL concentration the scavenging activity of some extracts is more than 80%. The formulation of those in a product, appeared to have successful results, since the antioxidant value of the peels remained in the product which proved to have a satisfying preservation system, no unforeseen allergens and great stability behavior under different conditions of storage. Conclusion: This study suggests the extraction of apples’ peels and the separation of antioxidant compounds. The findings prove that these kind of ingredients can be used in a product successfully and lead to the daily use by consumers.
{"title":"Separation of antioxidants from apple (Malus domestica) red peels and formulation of a daily face cream","authors":"Alexandra Mamagkaki, I. Papasotiriou","doi":"10.15171/IJPNI.2021.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/IJPNI.2021.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Apples (Malus domestica) are a part of most daily diet. Their positive impact on health and overall wellness is recognized and widely accepted. Nowadays, the demanding industry of cosmetology has raised awareness over the potent dangers of the ingredients and consumers tend to reach out for products more nature based and gentle. In this study, the development of different extraction methods for the isolation of antioxidants from apples’ peels was tried and the evaluation of their efficacy. In addition to this, it was aimed to formulate a simple daily face cream using this extract and prove its action. Materials and Methods: This product was tested for its allergens, its stability and its preservative efficacy with the target to conclude to not only an effective daily cream but to a safe product ready to be used. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the extract was determined as a single extract as well as after its encapsulation in the face cream. Results: The most common extraction methods were followed and showed that at 200μg/mL concentration the scavenging activity of some extracts is more than 80%. The formulation of those in a product, appeared to have successful results, since the antioxidant value of the peels remained in the product which proved to have a satisfying preservation system, no unforeseen allergens and great stability behavior under different conditions of storage. Conclusion: This study suggests the extraction of apples’ peels and the separation of antioxidant compounds. The findings prove that these kind of ingredients can be used in a product successfully and lead to the daily use by consumers.","PeriodicalId":14291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients","volume":"25 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91400241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hatice Ersöz, O. Kilic, E. Yılmaz, Miray Ege, Ş. Yildirimli
Background: The genus Sideritis L.is mostly found in habitats dominated by the Mediterranean climate and is represented by approximately 150 taxa in the world. Turkey is among few countries where Sideritis includes about 52 species and the endemic rate of this genus goes up to almost 80%. Sideritis species are generally known as ‘sage or ironwood worth’ or as a tea plant is widely used in folk medicine in Turkey. There are important studies in the literature on Sideritis species due to their widespread use in ethnobotanical and related uses. Materials and Methods: Plant samples were collected from their natural habitats, dried following the herbarium technique, and then identified and stored at the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adiyaman University with the number OK 6854. The essential oil was obtained from 100 g of plant samples by the water distillation method. Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: It was found that the studied plant is rich in essential oil with 0.4 ml oil content in the sample. Forty components were determined from the essential oil of the plant and the main components were found as carvacrol (33.26%), β-caryophyllene (12.5%), α-pinene (7.32%), and β-pinene (6.13%). The results were discussed in terms of natural products, renewable resources, usage areas, and culture of Sideritis taxa. Conclusions: With this study, the economic values of the members of the genus were emphasized by referring to the characteristics of Sideritis members such as aromatherapeutic, phytotherapy, ethnobotanical, and biological activity. In order to better evaluate the S. rubriflora plant and to continue the activities related to this endemic plant of high economic value more efficiently, basic data were obtained and it was tried to contribute to the sector. It is important to take the necessary precautions and show the necessary sensitivity in order to protect and conserve Sideritis members, especially S. rubriflora. In this way, Sideritis members and S. rubriflora will have the opportunity to continue their existence and spread more in nature. This will easily make available sufficient raw materials for the sectors they are used.
{"title":"Essential oil composition of endemic plant Sideritis rubriflora Hub. Mor","authors":"Hatice Ersöz, O. Kilic, E. Yılmaz, Miray Ege, Ş. Yildirimli","doi":"10.15171/IJPNI.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/IJPNI.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The genus Sideritis L.is mostly found in habitats dominated by the Mediterranean climate and is represented by approximately 150 taxa in the world. Turkey is among few countries where Sideritis includes about 52 species and the endemic rate of this genus goes up to almost 80%. Sideritis species are generally known as ‘sage or ironwood worth’ or as a tea plant is widely used in folk medicine in Turkey. There are important studies in the literature on Sideritis species due to their widespread use in ethnobotanical and related uses. Materials and Methods: Plant samples were collected from their natural habitats, dried following the herbarium technique, and then identified and stored at the Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adiyaman University with the number OK 6854. The essential oil was obtained from 100 g of plant samples by the water distillation method. Essential oil composition was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: It was found that the studied plant is rich in essential oil with 0.4 ml oil content in the sample. Forty components were determined from the essential oil of the plant and the main components were found as carvacrol (33.26%), β-caryophyllene (12.5%), α-pinene (7.32%), and β-pinene (6.13%). The results were discussed in terms of natural products, renewable resources, usage areas, and culture of Sideritis taxa. Conclusions: With this study, the economic values of the members of the genus were emphasized by referring to the characteristics of Sideritis members such as aromatherapeutic, phytotherapy, ethnobotanical, and biological activity. In order to better evaluate the S. rubriflora plant and to continue the activities related to this endemic plant of high economic value more efficiently, basic data were obtained and it was tried to contribute to the sector. It is important to take the necessary precautions and show the necessary sensitivity in order to protect and conserve Sideritis members, especially S. rubriflora. In this way, Sideritis members and S. rubriflora will have the opportunity to continue their existence and spread more in nature. This will easily make available sufficient raw materials for the sectors they are used.","PeriodicalId":14291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82019854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Koca-Caliskan, Ceylan Dönmez, Nuraniye Eruygur, F. Ayaz, C. Altinkaynak, M. Türk, N. Özdemir
In this study organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers were synthesized using methanolic extracts of the medicinal plants’ Rosa canina L. and Rubus sanctus Schreber together with copper ions (Cu2+). The synthesized plant extract based–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (PE-ihNFs) of R.canina (Rc-ihNFs) and R.sanctus (Rs-ihNFs) were characterized by Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Also, several enzymes were selected to determine the enzyme inhibitionactivities of the synthesized PE-ihNFs. For the first-time, enzymes (tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase) inhibition activities of the PE-ihNFs and their plain plant extracts were evaluated in vitro assays. Results showed that the PE-ihNFs demonstrated better α-glucosidase & α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity compared to the plain extracts. These initial studies are promising for the synthesis of these hybrid nanoflowers containing plant extracts, which might have commercial applications in the pharmaceutical and dermo-cosmetics industries.
以药用植物Rosa canina L.和Rubus sanctus Schreber的甲醇提取物为原料，结合铜离子(Cu2+)合成了有机-无机杂交纳米花。采用能量色散x射线(EDX)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、x射线衍射(XRD)等手段对合成的植物提取物-无机杂交纳米花(PE-ihNFs)进行了表征。同时，选择几种酶来测定合成的pe - ihnf的酶抑制活性。首次对pe - ihnf及其提取物的酪氨酸酶、α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶和丁基胆碱酯酶的体外抑制活性进行了评价。结果表明，与普通提取物相比，PE-ihNFs对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶具有更好的抑制活性。这些初步研究有望合成这些含有植物提取物的杂交纳米花，这可能在制药和皮肤化妆品工业中有商业应用。
{"title":"Phytocosmetics and Beyond: The Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Two Rosaceae Plant Extracts and Their Cupper-Nanoflowers","authors":"U. Koca-Caliskan, Ceylan Dönmez, Nuraniye Eruygur, F. Ayaz, C. Altinkaynak, M. Türk, N. Özdemir","doi":"10.15171/IJPNI.2020.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/IJPNI.2020.12","url":null,"abstract":"In this study organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers were synthesized using methanolic extracts of the medicinal plants’ Rosa canina L. and Rubus sanctus Schreber together with copper ions (Cu2+). The synthesized plant extract based–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (PE-ihNFs) of R.canina (Rc-ihNFs) and R.sanctus (Rs-ihNFs) were characterized by Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Also, several enzymes were selected to determine the enzyme inhibitionactivities of the synthesized PE-ihNFs. For the first-time, enzymes (tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase) inhibition activities of the PE-ihNFs and their plain plant extracts were evaluated in vitro assays. Results showed that the PE-ihNFs demonstrated better α-glucosidase & α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity compared to the plain extracts. These initial studies are promising for the synthesis of these hybrid nanoflowers containing plant extracts, which might have commercial applications in the pharmaceutical and dermo-cosmetics industries.","PeriodicalId":14291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74806368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edson Queiroz da Fonseca Júnior, G. F. Silva, Luana Vieira Maquiné, Y. M. Monteiro, R. S. Gurgel, E. S. P. Aranha, M. Vasconcellos, P. Albuquerque
Introduction: Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a native Amazonian fruit and, due to its medicinal properties, stands out as one of the most promising species of Brazilian flora. Known for its invigorating and stimulating action, this species produces phenolic compounds responsible for its biological activities, which are of great interest to the phytocosmetic industry, in the preparation of anti-aging creams, for example. In this study, the antimicrobial, antioxidant, photoprotective and cytotoxic activities of extracts obtained from guarana seeds were evaluated. Methods: Guarana seeds were obtained in Maues, Amazonas state, Brazil and, after drying, the seeds were ground in a knife mill. P. cupana seed extracts were obtained by the depletion method using hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol as solvents. Antioxidant activity assays were performed to determine the ability to scavenge the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•). To assess the sun protection factor (SPF), Mansur's spectrophotometric method was used. For the analysis of antimicrobial activity, the microplate dilution technique was used against strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. To evaluate the toxicity of the extracts, the lethal concentration of 50% of the population of the microcrustacean Artemia salina was determined. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts against human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT 116) was also evaluated using the Alamar Blue test. Results: The ethanolic extract from guarana seeds showed SPF value of 249.10 and a critical wavelength number (λc) of 383 nm, when evaluated at a concentration of 0.1% (m/m). The ethanolic extract also showed antioxidant activity, and a 50% efficient concentration (EC50) of 647 μg mL-1. The dichloromethane extract was active against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20 mg mL-1 for both bacteria, and a MIC of 2.0 mg mL-1 for the yeast. This extract did not show toxicity against A. salina (LD50> 1 mg mL-1). The ethanolic and hexane extracts, however, presented low toxicity to the microcrustacean. On the other hand, none of the evaluated extracts inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells, showing no cytotoxicity. Conclusion: P. cupana seeds have an important therapeutic value due to the presence of substances with antioxidant, antibiotic and photoprotective activities, though with low cytotoxicity, which allows their use as functional additives in phytocosmetics, as well as in the development of possible phytotherapeutic products.
{"title":"Photoprotective, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of guarana (Paullinia cupana) seed extracts","authors":"Edson Queiroz da Fonseca Júnior, G. F. Silva, Luana Vieira Maquiné, Y. M. Monteiro, R. S. Gurgel, E. S. P. Aranha, M. Vasconcellos, P. Albuquerque","doi":"10.15171/IJPNI.2020.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/IJPNI.2020.10","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a native Amazonian fruit and, due to its medicinal properties, stands out as one of the most promising species of Brazilian flora. Known for its invigorating and stimulating action, this species produces phenolic compounds responsible for its biological activities, which are of great interest to the phytocosmetic industry, in the preparation of anti-aging creams, for example. In this study, the antimicrobial, antioxidant, photoprotective and cytotoxic activities of extracts obtained from guarana seeds were evaluated. Methods: Guarana seeds were obtained in Maues, Amazonas state, Brazil and, after drying, the seeds were ground in a knife mill. P. cupana seed extracts were obtained by the depletion method using hexane, dichloromethane and ethanol as solvents. Antioxidant activity assays were performed to determine the ability to scavenge the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•). To assess the sun protection factor (SPF), Mansur's spectrophotometric method was used. For the analysis of antimicrobial activity, the microplate dilution technique was used against strains of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. To evaluate the toxicity of the extracts, the lethal concentration of 50% of the population of the microcrustacean Artemia salina was determined. The cytotoxic effect of the extracts against human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT 116) was also evaluated using the Alamar Blue test. Results: The ethanolic extract from guarana seeds showed SPF value of 249.10 and a critical wavelength number (λc) of 383 nm, when evaluated at a concentration of 0.1% (m/m). The ethanolic extract also showed antioxidant activity, and a 50% efficient concentration (EC50) of 647 μg mL-1. The dichloromethane extract was active against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 20 mg mL-1 for both bacteria, and a MIC of 2.0 mg mL-1 for the yeast. This extract did not show toxicity against A. salina (LD50> 1 mg mL-1). The ethanolic and hexane extracts, however, presented low toxicity to the microcrustacean. On the other hand, none of the evaluated extracts inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 cells, showing no cytotoxicity. Conclusion: P. cupana seeds have an important therapeutic value due to the presence of substances with antioxidant, antibiotic and photoprotective activities, though with low cytotoxicity, which allows their use as functional additives in phytocosmetics, as well as in the development of possible phytotherapeutic products.","PeriodicalId":14291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76413471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the light of the search for untried natural active ingredients to provide new possibilities and increased benefits with their application in the cosmetic industry, we have introduced the species Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl (Menispermaceae) into the field of cosmetics. Our research was focused on the aqueous extract of milona leaves (Cissampelos sympodialis) and its application in cosmetic formulations. A phytochemical screening confirming the presence of some classes of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins had previously been reported in the literature. Due to its medicinal potential, mentioned in the literature, we applied the aqueous extract of Cissampelos sympodialis leaves in the development of cosmetic formulations, in view of its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. On this basis, we consider the extract to be a promising active ingredient for skin and hair care. The aim of the present study was therefore to develop a cosmetic formulation (o/w), namely, a facial care cream containing the aqueous extract of milona leaves and to perform the stability study of the formulation.The stability study showed that the formulation presented no change in organoleptic characteristics, nor in physical and chemical parameters. The mean pH value was 4.5 ± 0.2 and the mean viscosity values were 999 ± 0.3 cP, which remained unchanged throughout the study. Microbiological analysis showed no formation of bacteria or fungi in the formulation containing the aqueous extract of Cissampelos sympodialis. We concluded that the cosmetic formulation containing this innovative raw material presents the desired characteristics for a new product. Further research will be necessary to perform clinical tests with volunteers to verify the benefits for the skin and hair.
{"title":"The application of the aqueous extract of milona leaves (Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl) in a cosmetic formulation","authors":"M. L. Cornélio, M. F. M. Diniz","doi":"10.15171/IJPNI.2020.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/IJPNI.2020.11","url":null,"abstract":"In the light of the search for untried natural active ingredients to provide new possibilities and increased benefits with their application in the cosmetic industry, we have introduced the species Cissampelos sympodialis Eichl (Menispermaceae) into the field of cosmetics. Our research was focused on the aqueous extract of milona leaves (Cissampelos sympodialis) and its application in cosmetic formulations. A phytochemical screening confirming the presence of some classes of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins had previously been reported in the literature. Due to its medicinal potential, mentioned in the literature, we applied the aqueous extract of Cissampelos sympodialis leaves in the development of cosmetic formulations, in view of its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. On this basis, we consider the extract to be a promising active ingredient for skin and hair care. The aim of the present study was therefore to develop a cosmetic formulation (o/w), namely, a facial care cream containing the aqueous extract of milona leaves and to perform the stability study of the formulation.The stability study showed that the formulation presented no change in organoleptic characteristics, nor in physical and chemical parameters. The mean pH value was 4.5 ± 0.2 and the mean viscosity values were 999 ± 0.3 cP, which remained unchanged throughout the study. Microbiological analysis showed no formation of bacteria or fungi in the formulation containing the aqueous extract of Cissampelos sympodialis. We concluded that the cosmetic formulation containing this innovative raw material presents the desired characteristics for a new product. Further research will be necessary to perform clinical tests with volunteers to verify the benefits for the skin and hair.","PeriodicalId":14291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89191969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mathieu Hummel, M. Lavarde, P. Pagès, Hortense Mallard Tavano, A. Pensé-Lhéritier
The thickening agents are an important part of the cosmetic formulation, offering an opportunity not only to regulate the product viscosity, but also to improve its stability. But, the way to use them and the impact of these natural ingredients on the qualities of the finished product are not always assessed. In this work, a new multifunctional glucomannan-based blend has been evaluated, the aim was to study its influence on the qualities of an oil/water emulsion. To get a rational understanding of this factor, an experimental design approach was adopted. An Optimal design optimized for a second-degree model (Quadratic) with only 12 runs and 1 repeated point was implemented. From the formulation, three ingredients concentrations varied as following; the thickener, a glucomannan-based blend, from 0.6% to 1.2%, one emollient from 3% to 7% and the emulsifier from 3% to 6%. The emulsion was prepared at 70°C and the thickener was added at 50°C. Viscosity measurement, droplets size and stability were analyzed 48 hours following the preparation. In the final emulsions, in terms of viscosity and stability to centrifugation, the glucomannan-based blend was is the parameter with the strongest impact. As for the droplets size, it was impacted the most, thus in a smaller extend, by the emulsifier concentration. Moreover, a synergistic effect between the emulsifier and thickener was monitored on the droplets size parameter while the concentration of squalene proved little influence. Finally, the optimal concentration of glucomannan-based blend to ensure system stability was determined at 1.2%. In conclusion, conducting an Optimal design allowed to model the effect of the thickener in formulation as well as the interactions between the monitored ingredients.
{"title":"Experimental design and evaluation of the influence of a glucomannan-based thickener on the characteristics of an oil/water emulsion","authors":"Mathieu Hummel, M. Lavarde, P. Pagès, Hortense Mallard Tavano, A. Pensé-Lhéritier","doi":"10.15171/IJPNI.2020.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/IJPNI.2020.09","url":null,"abstract":"The thickening agents are an important part of the cosmetic formulation, offering an opportunity not only to regulate the product viscosity, but also to improve its stability. But, the way to use them and the impact of these natural ingredients on the qualities of the finished product are not always assessed. In this work, a new multifunctional glucomannan-based blend has been evaluated, the aim was to study its influence on the qualities of an oil/water emulsion. To get a rational understanding of this factor, an experimental design approach was adopted. An Optimal design optimized for a second-degree model (Quadratic) with only 12 runs and 1 repeated point was implemented. From the formulation, three ingredients concentrations varied as following; the thickener, a glucomannan-based blend, from 0.6% to 1.2%, one emollient from 3% to 7% and the emulsifier from 3% to 6%. The emulsion was prepared at 70°C and the thickener was added at 50°C. Viscosity measurement, droplets size and stability were analyzed 48 hours following the preparation. In the final emulsions, in terms of viscosity and stability to centrifugation, the glucomannan-based blend was is the parameter with the strongest impact. As for the droplets size, it was impacted the most, thus in a smaller extend, by the emulsifier concentration. Moreover, a synergistic effect between the emulsifier and thickener was monitored on the droplets size parameter while the concentration of squalene proved little influence. Finally, the optimal concentration of glucomannan-based blend to ensure system stability was determined at 1.2%. In conclusion, conducting an Optimal design allowed to model the effect of the thickener in formulation as well as the interactions between the monitored ingredients.","PeriodicalId":14291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78713308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriela Quirino Alves, Jenyffer Kyara Chaves Brito, I. A. da Silva, Ana Luiza Florencio Galvão de Queiroz, Pedro Rafael de Almeida Melo, Matheus Marques do Nascimento, Cynthia Gisele de Oliveira Coimbra
{"title":"Drug interaction of chemotherapy drugs and medicinal plants","authors":"Gabriela Quirino Alves, Jenyffer Kyara Chaves Brito, I. A. da Silva, Ana Luiza Florencio Galvão de Queiroz, Pedro Rafael de Almeida Melo, Matheus Marques do Nascimento, Cynthia Gisele de Oliveira Coimbra","doi":"10.15171/ijpni.2020.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15171/ijpni.2020.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14291,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients","volume":"67 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85060312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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